UNIVERSITY  OF; 
ILLINOIS  LIBRARY 
AT  URBAN  A-  CHAMPAIGN 

AGRICULTURE 


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in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/hawkweedsorpaint1301hans 


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THE  HAWKWEEDS,  OR  PAINTBRUSHES 


ALBERT  A.  HANSEN 

Agronomist  in  Weed  Investigations 


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UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  130 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry 
( Office  of  Forage-Crop  Investigations  ) 

WM.  A.  TAYLOR,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


October,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : IS20 


THE  HAWKWEEDS,  OR  PAINTBRUSHES. 


Descriptions 

Orange  hawkweed 

King-devil 

Yellow  field  hawkweed 

Eradication 

Dry  salting 

Grazing 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 

3 Eradication— Continued. 

3 Hand  methods 

5 Cultivation 

5 Improving  the  turf. . 

6 Spraying 

6 Precautionary  measures  . 
6 


Page. 

6 

7 

7 

7 

7 


DESCRIPTIONS. 

There  are  a number  of  species  of  hawkweeds  introduced  into  the 
United  States  that  may  be  considered  as  weeds,  three  of  which  *are 
noxious.  The  hawkweeds  are  usually  most  troublesome  in  pastures 
and  hayfields  and  are  found  only  occasionally  on  cultivated  land. 
The  three  noxious  species  are  the  following: 

ORANGE  HAWKWEED. 

Orange  hawkweed1  is  also  known  as  deviks-paintbrush,  red  daisy, 
flameweed,  devil’s-weed,  and  grim-the-collier  (fig.  1).  It  was  first 
introduced  from  Europe  into  New  England  because  of  its  attractive 
flame-colored  flowers.  Originally  a garden  ornamental,  the  plant 
escaped  its  bounds  and  has  established  itself  as  one  of  the  worst 
pasture  and  hayfield  weeds  of  New  England,  New  York,  and 
Pennsylvania. 

Orange  hawkweed  is  recognized  by  its  matted  hairy  leaves  and 
handsome  flowrers,  each  about  an  inch  in  diameter  and  usually  red  on 
the  margin,  merging  into  an  orange-colored  center.  The  flowering 
branches,  or  shoots,  grow  from  a few  inches  to  2 feet  in  height;  they 
are  leafless  and  covered  with  stiff  black  hairs.  The  plant  becomes  a 
perennial  through  its  creeping  aboveground  and  underground  stems. 
It  possesses  two  important  means  of  reproduction:  (1).  The  runners, 
forming  new  plants  in  a manner  similar  to  strawberry  runners  (fig.  1 , 
A),  and  (2)  the  seeds,  which  are  wind  distributed  (fig.  1,  B). 

Orange  hawkweed  is  a weed  principally  in  permanent  meadows 
and  grasslands  and  is  seldom  troublesome  in  rich  soil. 


1 Hieracium  aurantiacum. 


4 Department  Circular  130,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture . 


i sfe- 


Fig.  1.  A,  Orange  hawk  weed,  or  devil’s-paintbrush  ( Hieraciurn  aurantiacum ).  Note  the  runners, 
from  which  new  plants  arise.  B,  A single  seed  of  orange  hawkweed,  showing  the  pappus  (p),  which 
enables  the  wind  to  carry  the  seed. 


The  Hawkweeds,  or  Paintbrushes.  5 

KING-DEVIL. 

King-devil  ■ is  a noxious  weed  in  northern  New  York,  in  New 
England,  and  in  southern  Canada.  This  speciesris  also  called  yellow 
hawkweed,  high  hawkweed,  and  yellow  paintbrush.  It  was  intro- 
duced from  Europe  into  northern  New  York  about  1879,  whence  it 
spread  rapidly  northward.  It  differs  from  orange  hawkweed  (1)  in  size, 
being  usually  larger;  (2)  in  the  color  of  its  flowers,  which  are  about  the 
same  shade  of  yellow  as  buttercups;  and  (3)  in  having  smooth,  hairless 
stems.  The  plants  are  slender  in  appearance,  growing  up  to  3 feet  in 
height.  King-devil  possesses  methods  of  reproduction  similar  to  orange 


Fig.  2.— Yellow  field  hawkweed  ( Hieracium  pratense ) growing  in  a Virginia  pasture. 

hawkweed,  although  the  runners  are  shorter  and  thicker  and  usually 
below  ground.  The  species  is  common  in  fields,  pastures,  and  along 
roadsides  and  resembles  orange  hawkweed  in  that  it  rarely  invades 
rich  soils. 

YELLOW  FIELD  HAWKWEED. 

The  yellow  field  hawkweed  2 (fig.  2)  is  also  known  as  yellow  devil, 
yellow  paintbrush,  and  king-devil.  It  differs  from  the  previous  species 
in  two  important  particulars:  (1)  It  is  noxious  principally  in  the  high- 
land sections  of  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina,  although 
it  occurs  from  New  England  to  Georgia;  and  (2)  it  is  destructive  in 
rich  pasture  lands  and  may  even  invade  cultivated  fields. 

The  yellow  field  hawkweed  is  a comparatively  recent  importation 
from  Europe,  but  it  has  spread  rapidly.  The  plant  is  a coarse,  hairy 

1 Hieracium  florentinum.  2 Hieracium  pratense. 


6 Department  Circular  130,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

perennial  with  matted  basal  leaves  somewhat  resembling  those  of 
buckhorn,  from  the  center  of  which  arises  an  upright  leafless  shoot 
covered  with  short  -black  hairs  surmounted  by  a number  of  yellow 
flowers,  each  about  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The 
flowers  appear  from  early  in  June  until  late  in  September.  The 
length  of  the  stem  varies  from  2 to  24  inches,  according  to  whether 
it  has  been  grazed  off  or  mown  or  allowed  to  grow  undisturbed.  As 
with  both  orange  hawkweed  and  king-devil,  the  yellow  hawkweed 
reproduces  by  seeds  capable  of  being  distributed  by  the  wind.  New 
plants  are  also  formed  on  runners,  in  a manner  similar  to  the  king- 
devil,  although  the  runners  differ  from  those  of  orange  hawkweed  in 
being  mainly  below  ground. 

ERADICATION.1 

Where  the  hawkweeds  occur  on  poor  pasture  lands,  it  is  sometimes 
questionable  whether  the  expense  of  eradication  is  justifiable,  par- 
ticularly since  these  weeds  will  frequently  “run  themselves  out”  in 
five  to  eight  years. 

It  is  often  advisable  to  turn  poor  pasture  land  badly  infested  with 
hawkweeds  into  a farm  wood  lot,  thereby  deriving  some  revenue  from 
the  timber  and  avoiding  the  expense  of  eradication. 

Where  the  land  is  sufficiently  fertile  to  support  a good  stand  of 
grass  and  it  is  desirable  to  eradicate  the  hawkweed,  the  methods  de- 
scribed below  are  applicable. 

DRY  SALTING. 

Dry  salt  scattered  broadcast  on  infested  land  will  tend  to  kill  the 
hawkweeds.  It  should  be  applied  during  the  late  fall  at  the  rate  of 
not  less  than  2 tons  per  acre.  Dry  salt  scattered  broadcast  on  the 
matted  growth  will  not  only  help  to  kill  the  hawkweed  by  its  physical 
action,  but  will  in  addition  attract  cattle,  which  in  turn  damage  the 
weeds  by  trampling  and  nibbling  at  the  flowers  and  young  shoots. 
The  use  of  salt  is  advisable  on  badly  infected  areas  only. 

GRAZING. 

Cattle  and  sheep  reject  hawkweeds  because  of  their  bitter  taste. 
In  the  case  of  some  species  of  these  weeds  the  covering  of  stiff  hairs 
acts  as  a repellent  to  grazing  animals.  Pasturing  with  goats,  however, 
will  keep  the  weeds  in  check. 

HAND  METHODS. 

In  case  the  hawkweeds  occur  in  scattered  patches  of  small  size,  the 
simplest  mode  of  attack  is  to  dig  them  out  with  a hoe,  spade,  spud, 
or  mattock,  preferably  following  the  spring  rains,  when  the  ground  is 
soft.  Plants  so  removed  should  be  carried  away  and  either  burned 
or  placed  in  a refuse  pile  where  they  can  do  no  harm.  Care  should  be 

1 The  eradication  and  control  methods  herein  suggested  are  based  in  part  on  field  experimental  work 
performed  in  cooperation  with  the  Virginia  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  at  Blacksburg,  Va. 


The  Hawkweeds,  or  Paintbrushes. 


7 


exercised  to  see  that  all  the  below-ground  growth  is  removed,  since 
even  a small  piece  if  left  in  the  soil  may  develop  into  a new  plant. 
Such  underground  growth  usually  extends  a distance  of  8 inches 
beyond  the  aboveground  limit  of  the  patches.  The  exposed  soil 
marking  the  spots  where  the  hawkweed  formerly  grew  should  then 
be  heavily  seeded  with  the  best  grass  mixture  obtainable.  Constant 
vigilance  is  needed  thereafter  in  order  to  prevent  the  seeding  of  any 
hawkweed  which  may  have  been  overlooked,  since  the  seeds  are  blown 
by  the  wind  and  a single  plant  may  be  the  means  of  infesting  large 
areas.  The  inspection  of  the  farm  for  stray  patches  of  hawkweed 
is  best  done  from  horseback  when  the  plants  are  in  flower,  since  they 
are  then  most  readily  seen. 

Another  method  of  eradicating  small  scattered  patches  of  hawk- 
weeds  is  to  cover  them  with  tarred  or  some  other  type  of  heavy  paper, 
to  the  complete  exclusion  of  light.  The  paper  should  be  pegged  to 
the  ground  or  weighted  down  with  stones  and  should  cover  the  patches 
for  an  entire  season.  This  method  is  expensive  when  the  number  of 
patches  to  be  treated  is  large,  but  complete  eradication  is  practically 
certain  if  the  infested  areas  are  well  covered. 

CULTIVATION. 

Where  the  area  of  infestation  is  large,  the  hawkweeds  may  be 
driven  out  by  placing  the  land  in  intertilled  crops,  such  as  corn. 

IMPROVING  THE  TURF. 

Top-dressing  with  manure  or  commercial  fertilizer  will  tend  to 
produce  a more  luxuriant  growth  of  grass,  with  which  the  hawkweeds 
will  have  less  chance  to  compete  successfully.  Do  not  harrow  such 
grasslands,  since  harrowing  merely  serves  to  spread  the  weed. 

SPRAYING. 

Spraying  with  a saturated  salt  solution  and  with  other  chemicals 
has  been  attempted,  but  dry  salting  is  simpler  and  better;  hence  the 
use  of  sprays  is  not  recommended.  Spraying  at  best  is  a hard, 
tedious,  and  expensive  procedure. 

PRECAUTIONARY  MEASURES. 

In  large  areas  of  infestation  where  eradication  methods  are  not 
attempted,  the  hawkweeds  should  be  mowed  twice  a year  at  the  time 
when  the  flower  heads  first  appear,  usually  in  June  and  August.  The 
main  purpose  of  mowing  is  to  prevent  the  maturing  of  seeds,  since 
seeds  are  readily  scattered  by  the  wind  to  adjacent  fields. 

Preventive  measures  are  extremely  important  when  hawkweed  is 
first  discovered.  All  plants  found  should  be  destroyed  immediately 
and  their  location  marked.  Frequent  inspection  should  be  made 
thereafter  in  order  to  make  sure  that  the  weeds  do  not  reappear. 


ADDITIONAL  COPIES 
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GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
"WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

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United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 

DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  131. 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey, 

E.  W.  NELSON,  Chief. 


DIRECTORY  OF  OFFICIALS  AND  ORGANIZATIONS  CONCERNED  WITH 
THE  PROTECTION  OF  BIRDS  AND  GAME,  1920.1 

The  object  of  this  directory,  the  twenty-first  annual  publication 
in  the  series,  is  to  present  in  convenient  form  the  addresses  of  officials 
and  organizations  from  whom  information  may  be  obtained  concern- 
ing game  conditions  and  the  laws  for  the  protection  of  wild  life.  It 
shows  also  the  date  of  establishment  of  each  State  department  con- 
cerned with  the  protection  of  birds,  game,  and  other  wild  animals, 
the  changes  which  have  occurred  in  the  organization  of  such  depart- 
ments, the  publications  issued  by  each,  and  the  personnel. 

Since  the  1919  directory  was  issued  changes  in  game  officials  have 
been  made  in  Arkansas,  California,  Delaware,  Indiana,  Kentucky, 
Maryland,  Montana,  New  Jersey,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode 
Island,  Texas,  Washington,  West  Virginia,  and  Wisconsin;  in  British 
Columbia,  New  Brunswick,  Ontario,  and  Quebec;  and  in  Newfound- 
land. Four  deaths  have  occurred  in  the  ranks  of  official  game 
conservationists:  Dr.  Joseph  Kalbfus,  who  for  more  than  two  decades 
had  been  the  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Game  Commissioners  of 
Pennsylvania,  lost  his  life  early  in  August,  1919,  when  an  automobile 
in  which  he  was  returning  from  an  official  trip  was  struck  by  a train; 
Mr.  George  G.  Phillips,  Chairman  of  the  Commissioners  of  Birds  in 
Rhode  Island,  died  late  in  the  fall  of  1919;  Dr.  C.  Gordon  Hewitt,  Sec- 
retary of  the  Advisory  Board  on  Wild  Life  Protection  in  Canada,  died 
in  thespring  of  1920;  and  Maj.  Raymond  W.  Pullman,  Superintendent 
of  Metropolitan  Police,  charged  with  the  duty  of  enforcing  the  game 
laws  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  died  in  the  spring  of  1920;  and  Mr. 
William  Dutcher,  founder  and  president  of  the  National  Association 
of  Audubon  Societies,  died  July  1,  1920. 

Legislative  changes  affecting  the  administration  of  the  game  laws 
occurred  in  Alabama  and  Massachusetts.  Alabama  created  a depart- 
ment of  conservation  with  jurisdiction  over  wild  life  and  other  natural 
resources,  replacing  the  office  of  State  game  and  fish  commissioner; 

1 Previous  editions  of  this  directory  have  been  published  as  circulars  and  documents  of  the  Biological 
Survey  and  Department  Circulars,  as  follows:  1900,  No.  28;  1901,  No.  33;  1902,  No.  35;  1903,  No.  40;  1904, 
No.  44;  1905,  No.  50;  1906,  No.  53;  1907,  No.  62;  1908,  No.  65;  1909,  No.  70;  1910,  No.  74;  1911,  No.  83;  1912,  No. 
88;  1913,  No.  94;  1914,  unnumbered;  1915,  B.  S.  Doc.  101;  1916,  B.  S.  Doc.  104;  1917,  B.  S.  Doc.  108;  1918, 
B.  S.  Doc.  109;  1919,  Dept.  Circular  63. 

59°— 20 1 


2 


Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


and  Massachusetts  abolished  the  commission  of  fisheries  and  game 
and  placed  the  work  in  the  department  of  conservation  under  the 
division  of  fisheries  and  game. 

In  46  States  and  in  Alaska  the  enforcement  of  game  laws  is  intrusted 
to  game  commissioners,  wardens,  or  other  State  officers;  in  Florida 
and  Mississippi,  to  county  wardens;  and  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
to  the  Metropolitan  Police.  Several  national  organizations  are  inter- 
ested in  the  protection  of  birds  and  game,  of  which  two  are  inter- 
national. In  addition,  State  associations  and  many  local  organiza- 
tions cooperate  in  the  work  of  protecting  game  in  35  States  and 
Alaska.  Twenty-nine  States  and  the  District  of  Columbia  have 
Audubon  societies,  organized  especially  for  the  study  and  protection 
of  nongame  birds. 

The  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey  requests  prompt  notification  of 
any  errors  or  changes  in  addresses  herein,  in  order  that  necessary 
corrections  may  be  made  for  future  editions. 

Geo.  A.  Lawyer, 

Chief  United  States  Game  Warden. 


FEDERAL  OFFICIALS. 

UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

[Jurisdiction  extended  to  game  protection  by  act  of  May  25,  1900.] 

Secretory  of  Agriculture , E.  T.  Meredith,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Chief,  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey,  E.  W.  N el-on,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Assistant  Chief,  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey,  W.  C.  Henderson,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Chief  United  States  Game  Warden,  Geo.  A.  Lawyer,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Assistant  in  charge  of  Mammal  and  Bird  Reservations,  H.  F.  Stone,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

Assistant  in  charge,  Protection  of  Alaska  Land  Fur  Animals,  W.  F.  Bancroft, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Expert  in  Game  Conservation,  T.  S.  Palmer,  Washington,  D.  C. 

STATE  OFFICIALS. 

[For  information  respecting  the  game  laws  in  States  and  Territories  which  haveno  State  wardens,  address 
as  follows:  Alaska — Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C.;  Florida— Secretary  of  State,  Tallahassee; 
Mississippi— Secretary  of  State,  Jackson:  Hawaii— Edw.  M.  Ehrhom,  Honolulu. 

Game  laws  are  published  in  pamphlet  form  in  all  States. 

For  information  respecting  the  game  laws  of  Yukon  Territory  in  Canada,  address  the  Gold  Commissioner, 
Dawson.] 

ALABAMA. 

Department  of  Conservation.  Office  of  State  Game  and  Fish  Commissioner  estab- 
lished February  19,  1907;  term,  four  years.  Department  created  August  14,  1919. 
Commissioner,  John  H.  Wallace,  jr.,  Montgomery  (term  expires  January,  1921). 
Publications:  Game  Laws;  Bulletins;  Bird  Day  Annuals;  Biennial  Reports  (last, 
1918). 

ARIZONA. 

State  Game  Warden.  Game  commission  established  1887;  office  of  State  game  warden 
created  1913;  term,  two  years. 

Joe  V.  Prochaska,  Phoenix  (term  expires  January  1,  1921). 

Publications:  Game  Laws;  Reports. 


Directory  of  Game  Officials,  1920. 


3 


ALASKA. 

IThe  governor  appoints  wardens,  licenses  guides  on  the  Kenai  Peninsula,  and  issues  hunting  and  shipping 

licenses.] 

Game  Warden.  Office  established  May  11,  1908;  appropriation  first  available  July  1, 
1909;  term,  pleasure  of  governor. 

Governor,  Thomas  Riggs,  jr.,  Juneau. 

Wardens,  J.  A.  Baughman,  Seward;  E.  A.  Young,  Chitina;  A.  E.  Lucy,  Ket- 
chikan; M.  O.  Solberg,  Nome;  Robert  E.  Steel,  Eagle;  F.  A.  Martin,  Anchorage; 
Stephen  R.  L.  Foster,  Nenana;  J.  C.  Lund,  Juneau;  L.  F.  Protzman,  Fairbanks; 
Charlie  Klontech,  Sitka. 

Publications:  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

ARKANSAS. 

Game  and  Fish  Commission.  Established  March  11,  1915;  term,  four  years. 
Chairman,  D.  G.  Beauchamp,  Paragould  (term  expires  March,  1923). 

C.  C.  Calvert,  Fort  Smith  (term  expires  March,  1923). 

Dr.  Horatio  Wells,  Monticello  (term  expires  March,  1921). 

Lee  Miles,  Little  Rock  (term  expires  March,  1923). 

J.  V.  Walker,  Fayetteville  (term  expires  March,  1921). 

Secretary,  Miss  Nellie  Patton,  Little  Rock. 

Chief  game  warden, ■ . 

Office  of  the  commission,  State  Capitol,  Little  Rock. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Reports  (last,  1918). 

CALIFORNIA. 

Board  of  Fish  and  Game  Commissioners.  Board  of  fish  commissioners  established 
April  2,  1870;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  1878;  title  changed  1909;  term, 
pleasure  of  governor. 

President,  F.  M.  Newbert,  Forum  Building,  Sacramento. 

M.  J.  Connell,  Union  League  Building,  . Los  Angeles. 

E.  L.  Bosqui,  215  Leidesdorff  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Executive  officer,  Chas.  A.  Vogelsang,  Postal  Telegraph  Building,  San  Francisco. 
Office  of  the  board,  Postal  Telegraph  Building,  San  Francisco. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Quarterly  Bulletin;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

COLORADO. 

State  Game  and  Fish  Commissioner.  Office  of  State  fish  commissioner  established 
March  10,  1877;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  1891.  Present  office  established 
April  27,  1899 ;2  term  indefinite — under  civil  service. 

Roland  G.  Parvin,  State  Capitol,  Denver. 

Deputy  commissioner,  J.  L.  Gray,  Fort  Collins. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Biennial  Reports. 

CONNECTICUT. 

State  Board  of  Fisheries  and  Game.  Appointment  of  commissioners  on  fisheries  first 
authorized  in  1867;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  April  30,  1895;  reorganized, 
1913;  term,  four  years. 

President,  William  K.  Mollan,  Bridgeport  (term  expires  1922). 

Vice  president,  Frederick  N.  Manross,  Forestville  (term  expires  1921). 

Secretary,  Charles  H.  Pease,  Canaan  (term  expires  1921). 

Philip  C.  Arnold,  Haddam  (term  expires  1921). 

J.  H.  McLaughlin,  Jewett  City  (term  expires  1921). 

Gen.  John  W.  Atwood,  Wauregan  (term  expires  1922). 

Dr.  Leonard  C.  Sanford,  New  Haven  (term  expires  1922). 

William  McMullen,  Somersville  (term  expires  1922). 

Superintendent,  John  M.  Crampton,  Room  64,  State  Capitol,  Hartford. 

Office  of  the  commission,  Room  64,  State  Capitol,  Hartford. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 


2 From  1897  to  1899  the  title  was  State  Forest,  Game,  and  Fish  Commissioner. 


4 Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


DELAWARE. 

Board  of  Game  and  Fish  Commissioners*  Established  March,  1911;  term,  six  years. 

President,  Edward  G.  Bradford,  jr.,  Wilmington  (term  expires  September,  1923). 

Vice  president,  William  H.  Reed,  Dover  (term  expires  September,  1925). 

Secretary  and  treasurer,  H.  C.  Davis,  Laurel  (term  expires  September,  1921). 

Chief  game  and  fish  warden,  John  P.  Le  Fevre,  Dover. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Biennial  Reports. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Metropolitan  Police.4  Superintendent,  Maj.  H.  L.  Gessford,  Washington. 

Lieut.  Russel  Dean,  commanding  river  patrol  boat,  Washington. 

GEORGIA. 

Department  of  Game  and  Fish.  Office  established  August  21,  1911;  term,  two  years. 

Commissioner,  S.  J.  Slate,  Atlanta  (term  expires  September  1,  1921). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Bulletins;  Annual  Reports. 

IDAHO. 

Department  of  Law  Enforcement.  Office  of  fish  and  game  warden  established  March 
13,  1899.  Department  established  February  19,  1919,  and  fish  and  game  bureau 
established  March  14,  1919. 

Fish  and  Game  Bureau: 

State  fish  and  game  warden,  Otto  M.  Jones,  Boise  (term  expires  December  31,  1921). 

Chief  deputy,  D.  P.  Rich.  Boise. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

ILLINOIS. 

Department  of  Agriculture.  Offioe  of  State  game  commissioner  established  April  24, 
1899;  game  and  fish  conservation  commission  established  July  1,  1913;  game  and 
fish  commission  established  July  1,  1915;  present  department  established  July  1, 
1917. 

Director  of  agriculture,  Charles  Adkins,  Springfield  (term  expires  January,  1921). 

Chief  game  and  fish  warden,  Ralph  F.  Bradford,  Springfield  (term  expires  January, 
1921). 

Office  of  the  department,  State  Capitol,  Springfield. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 

INDIANA. 

Department  of  Conservation.  Office  of  commissioner  of  fisheries  established  in  1881; 
jurisdiction  extended  to  game,  birds,  and  fur-bearing  animals,  February  13,  1899. 
Department  of  conservation  (4  members) , created  March  11,  1919;  term,  four  years. 

Chairman,  W.  A.  Guthrie,  State  House,  Indianapolis. 

Director  (executive  of  department),  Richard  Lieber,  State  House,  Indianapolis 
(term  pleasure  of  commissioners). 

Division  of  Fish  and  Game: 

Superintendent,  Geo.  N.  Mannfeld,  State  House,  Indianapolis. 

Publications:  Laws  relating  to  natural  resources,  including  fish  and  game  laws;  Year 
Book;  and  special  bulletins  and  findings. 

IOWA. 

State  Fish  and  Game  Warden.  Office  established  October  1,  1897 ; term,  three  years. 

W.  E.  Albert,  Lansing  (term  expires  March  31,  1922). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

State  Board  of  Conservation.  Created  under  act  of  April  12,  1917,  to  investigate  and 
acquire  sites  for  public  State  parks  and  otherwise  conserve  the  wild  life  of  the 
State. 

Chairman,  Dr.  L.  H.  Pammel,  Ames. 

Joseph  Kelso,  Jr.,  Bellevue. 

John  F.  Ford,  Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary,  Edgar  R.  Harlan,  Des  Moines. 


8 From  1879  to  1911  the  enforcement  of  the  game  laws  was  intrusted  to  the  Delaware  Game  Protective 
Association. 

4 Has  jurisdiction  over  matters  pertaining  to  game. 


Directory  of  Game  Officials , 1920. 


5 


KANSAS. 

State  Fish  and  Game  Warden.  Office  of  commissioner  of  fisheries  established  1877. 
Present  office  established  July  1,  1905;  term,  four  years. 

Alva  Clapp,  Pratt  (term  expires  April  18,  1923). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Bulletins;  Biennial  Reports. 

KENTUCKY. 

Game  and  Fish  Commission.  Established  March  12,  1912;  term,  four  years. 

Chairman,  Joseph  G.  Sachs,  Sachs’  Law  Building,  Louisville  (term  expired  June, 
1920). 

Thomas  H.  Clay,  Austerlitz  (term  expired  June,  1920). 

Alanson  Trigg,  Glasgow  (term  expires  June,  1922). 

J.  E.  Crider,  jr.,  Fredonia  (term  expires  June,  1922). 

Executive  agent,  Dr.  R.  S.  Tuttle,  Frankfort  (term  expired  June,  1920). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1919). 

LOUISIANA. 

Department  of  Conservation.  Originally  established  as  the  board  of  commissioners 
for  the  protection  of  birds,  game,  and  fish,  July  9,  1908.  Conservation  com- 
mission established  July,  1912;  reorganized  as  a department  of  conservation,  1916; 
term,  four  years. 

Commissioner,  M.  L.  Alexander,  New  Orleans  (term  expires  August,  1920). 

Office  of  the  commissioner,  Court  Building,  New  Orleans. 

Publications:  Fish,  Oyster,  Game,  Mineral,  and  Forestry  Laws;  Economic  Bulletins; 
Biennial  Reports  (last,  1920). 

MAINE. 

Commissioner  of  Inland  Fisheries  and  Game.  Appointment  of  commissioners  of 
fisheries . authorized  February  21,  1878;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  1880; 
commissioners  of  inland  fisheries  and  game  established  March  8,  1899;  present 
office  of  commissioner  established  July  7,  1917;  term,  three  years. 

Willis  E.  Parsons,  State  House,  Augusta  (term  expires  February  13,  1921). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 

MARYLAND. 

Conservation  Commission.  Office  of  game  warden  established  April  4,  1896;  reor- 
ganized April  10,  1904.  Present  commission  established  June  4,  1916;  term,  four 
years. 

Chairman,  Harrison  W.  Vickers,  Chestertown  (term  expires  1924). 

Edward  O.  Weant,  Westminster  (term  expires  1924). 

Edmund  J.  Plowden,  Bush  wood  (term  expires  1924). 

State  game  warden,  E.  Lee  Le  Compte,  512  Munsey  Building,  Baltimore  (term  ex- 
pires June,  1922). 

Chief  deputy  game  warden,  Chas.  F.  Smith,  Baltimore. 

Office  of  the  commission,  512  Munsey  Building,  Baltimore. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 

MASSACHUSETTS.5 

Department  of  Conservation.  Organized  as  commissioners  of  fisheries  in  1865;  juris- 
diction extended  to  game  1886.  Present  department  created  July  23,  1919. 

Commissioner,  Wm.  A.  L.  Bazeley,  State  House,  Boston  (term  expires  December 
1,  1920). 

Division  of  Fisheries  and  Game: 

Director,  WTm.  C.  Adams,  State  House,  Boston  (term  expires  December  20,  1920). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919).  s 

MICHIGAN. 

Public  Domain  Commission.  Game  and  fish  warden  department  established  March 
15,  1887;  jurisdiction  extended  to  forestry,  and  department  reorganized  in  1907; 
placed  under  jurisdiction  of  public  domain  commission  in  1915. 

Game , Fish,  and  Forest  Fire  Department: 

Commissioner,  John  Baird,  Lansing  (term  expires  June  30,  1923). 

Chief  deputy ,_  David  R.  Jones,  Lansing  (term  expires  July  1,  1920). 

Publications:  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1917—18) ; Game  and  Fish  Laws  (published  by 
secretary  of  state). 


5 The  first  wardens  were  apparently  the  special  officers  to  protect  deer  authorized  under  the  acts  of  1739 
(chap.  3,  sec.  4)  and  1764  (chap.  28,  sec.  3).  In  the  latter  act  they  were  called  “deer  reeves.” 


6 Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


MINNESOTA. 

State  Game  and  Fish  Commissioner.  Appointment  of  commissioner  of  fisheries 
originally  authcrized  March  5,  1874.  Office  of  (State)  game  warden  created 
March  8,  1887;  term,  four  years.  Board  of  game  and  fish  commissioners  estab- 
lished April  20,  1891;  reorganized  1901.  Office  of  State  game  and  fish  commis- 
sioner established  August  1,  1915;  term,  four  years. 

Carlos  Avery,  State  Capitol,  St.  Paul  (term  expires  August  1,  1923). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Bulletins;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

MISSOURI. 

Game  and  Fish  Commissioner.  Office  of  game  and  fish  warden  established  April  8, 
1895;  reorganized  June  17,  1905;  term,  two  years.  Present  office  established 
August  16,  1909;  term,  four  years;  fish  commission  abolished  and  game  and  fish 
commissioner  authorized  to  perform  its  duties  in  1919. 

Timothy  Birmingham,  Jefferson  City  (term  expires  August,  1923). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 

MONTANA. 

Game  and  Fish  Commission.  Board  of  game  and  fish  commissioners  established  March 
14,  1895.  Replaced  by  State  game  and  fish  warden  March  18,  1901.  Present 
commission  established  March  13,  1913;  term,  four  years. 

Chairman,  J.  L.  Kelley,  Anaconda  (term  expires  March  13,  1921). 

Secretary  and  State  game  warden,  J.  L.  Be  Hart,  Helena  (term  expires  April,  1921). 

Nelson  Story,  jr.,  Bozeman  (term  expires  March  13,  1923). 

M.  D.  Baldwin,  Kalispell  (term  expires  March  13,  1921). 

Thos.  N.  Marlowe,  Missoula  (term  expires  March  13,  1923). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

NEBRASKA. 

Game  and  Fish  Commission.  . Established  July  1,  1901;  term,  two  years. 

Commissioner,  Gov.  Samuel  R.  McKelvie,  Lincoln  ( term  expires  January,  1921). 

Chief  deputy,  George  G.  Koster,  Lincoln  (term  expires  January,  1921). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

NEVADA. 

State  Fish  and  Game  Warden.  Established  March  27,  1917;  term,  four  years. 

C.  W.  Grover,  Carson  City  (term  expires  April  1,  1921). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Fish  and  Game  Commissioner.  Original  fish  commission  established  June  30,  1865. 
Board  of  fish  and  game  commissioners  established  1878;  term,  five  years.  Present 
office  established  June  1,  1913;  term,  three  years. 

Mott  L.  Bartlett,  Sunapee  (term  expires  June  1,  1922). 

Chief  clerk,  Chas.  B.  Clarke,  State  House,  Concord. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Board  of  Fish  and  Game  Commissioners.  Appointment  of  commissioners  of  fisheries 
first  authorized  March  17,  1870;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  1894.  Board  of 
fish  and  game  commissioners  established  March  22,  1895;  reorganized  1917;  term, 
five  years. 

President,  Ernest  Napier,  East  Orange  (term  expires  November  26,  1922V 

Treasurer,  William  A.  Logue,  Bridgeton  (term  expires  November  25,  1925). 

Wm.  B.  Boulton,  Morristown  (term  expires  November  25,  1924). 

Jasper  Lynch,  Lakewood  (term  expires  March  23,  1922). 

Amos  H.  Radcliffe,  Paterson  (term  expires  March  23,  1922). 

Robertson  S.  Ward,  East  Orange  (term  expires  March  23,  1922). 

Alex.  II.  Phillips,  Princeton  (term  expires  November  25,  1923). 

Secretary,  Walter  H.  Fell,  Trenton. 

Fish  and  game  protector,  James  M.  Stratton,  North  Long  Branch. 

Office  of  the  board  and  of  the  secretary,  State  Capitol,  Trenton. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 


Directory  of  Game  Officials,  1920. 


7 


NEW  MEXICO. 

Department  of  Game  and  Fish.  Office  of  game  and  fish  warden  established  March 
12,  1903:  term,  two  years.  Department  created  June  14,  1912. 

Game  and  fish  warden,  Thomas  P.  Gable,  Santa  Fe  (term  expires  1921). 

Chief  deputy,  J.  M.  Larrazola,  Santa  Fe. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

NEW  YORK. 

Conservation  Commission.  Originally  established  as  a commission  of  fisheries  in  1868. 
Office  of  chief  game  and  fish  protector  created  in  1888.  Forest,  fish,  and  game 
commission  established  in  1895  and  reorganized  March  12,  1901.  Department 
of  conservation  established  July  12,  1911;  term,  six  years.  Reorganized  April 
16,  1915,  under  one  commissioner. 

Commissioner,  George  D.  Pratt,  Albany  (term  expires  December  31,  1920). 

Deputy  commissioner,  Alexander  Macdonald,  St.  Regis  Falls. 

Secretary,  Warwick  S.  Carpenter,  Albany. 

Chief  game  protector,  Llewellyn  Legge,  Albany. 

Office  of  the  commission,  158  State  Street,  Albany. 

Publications:  Conservation  Laws,  including  Forest,  Fish,  and  Game  Laws;  Maps; 
Annual  Reports  (last,  1919);  bulletins  on  forestry,  wild  life,  and  water  power; 
The  Conservationist. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Audubon  Society  of  North  Carolina .6  Organized  March  11,  1902;  incorporated  March 
6,1903. 

President,  Dr.  R.  H.  Lewis,  Raleigh. 

Secretary,  P.  H.  Underwood,  512  Tucker  Building,  Raleigh. 

Publications:  Local  Game  Laws;  Circulars. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Game  and  Fish  Board.  Established  April  1,  1909;  reorganized  April  1,  1911;  term, 
four  years. 

President,  Charles  MacLachlan,  New  Rockford  (term  expires  April,  1921). 

Vice  president,  C.  E.  Manning,  Fargo  (term  expires  April  1,  1923). 

Secretary,  George  M.  Hogue,  Steele  (term  expires  April,  1923). 

Fish  commissioner,  J.  H.  Bloom,  Devils  Lake  (term  expires  April,  1921). 

District  Gamx  Wardens.  Office  originally  established  as  State  game  warden  in  1895; 
changed  to  district  game  warden  in  1903. 

Chief  warden,  District  No.  1 (northern),  B.  J.  Monaghan,  Upham  (term  expires 

April  1,  1921). 

Chief  warden,  District  No.  2 (southern),  W.  F.  Reko,  Mandan  (term  expires  April 
1,1921).  “ * 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Biennial  Reports. 

OHIO. 

Board  of  Agriculture.  Appointment  of  commissioners  of  fisheries  first  authorized 
May  3,  1873;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  and  commission  reorganized  May  17, 
1886.  Agricultural  commission  established  1913.  Board  of  agriculture  (10  mem- 
bers) established  July  22,  1915.  Secretary  of  board  of  agriculture  given  juris- 
diction over  game,  birds,  and  fish,  July  1,  1917. 

Secretary  and  chief  executive  officer,  N.  E.  Shaw,  Columbus. 

Fish  and  Game  Division:  Chief  warden,  A.  C.  Baxter,  Columbus. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

OKLAHOMA. 

State  Game  and  Fish  Commission.  Office  of  State  game  and  fish  warden  established 
March  10,  1899;  reorganized  1909;  commission  established  July  1,  1913. 

Governor,  J.  B.  A.  Robertson,  Oklahoma  City. 

Secretary  of  state,  Joe  Morris,  Oklahoma  City. 

State  game  and  fish  warden,  Ben  Watt,  State  Capitol,  Oklahoma  City. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Reports. 


6 Acts  as  a State  department  and  administers  the  game  laws  in  the  counties  under  its  Jurisdiction. 


8 


Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

OREGON. 

State  Board  of  Fish  and  Game  Commissioners.  Office  of  game  and  fish  protector  estab- 
lished in  1893;  term,  two  years.  Game  and  forestry  warden  established  Febru- 
ary 18,  1899;  term,  four  years.  Present  board  established  May  21,  1911;  term, 
four  years.  Board  reorganized  in  1915  and  again  in  1920. 

Ex  officio  chairman,  Gov.  Ben  W.  Olcott,  Salem. 

Chairman,  E.  V.  Carter,  Ashland  (term,  one  year). 

Game  Commissioners: 

I.  N.  Fleischner,  Portland  (term  expires  March  1,  1925). 

Marion  Jack,  Pendleton  (term  expires  March  1,  1925). 

John  Gill,  Portland  (term  expires  March  1,  1923). 

E.  C.  Simmons,  Eugene  (term  expires  March  1,  1923). 

C.  F.  Stone,  Klamath  Falls  (term  expires  March  1,  1923). 

State  game  warden,  A.  E.  Burghduff,  Oregon  Building,  Portland  (term  expires  at 
pleasure  of  board). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Oregon  Sportsman  (quarterly);  Annual  Reports 
(last,  1919). 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Board  of  Game  Commissioners.  Board  established  1895;  term,  three  years. 

President,  Dr.  Charles  B.  Penrose,  1331  Spruce  Street,  Philadelphia  (term  expires 

JohnM.  Phillips,  2227  Jane  Street,  Pittsburgh  (term  expires  1920). 

W.  B.  McCaleb,  Harrisburg  (term  expires  1922). 

Dr.  H.  J.  Donaldson,  Williamsport  (term  expires  1921). 

John  S.  Speer,  St.  Marys  (term  expires  1920). 

Win.  S.  Ellis,  Bryn  Mawr  (term  expires  1922). 

Secretary  and  chief  game  protector,  Seth  E.  Gordon,  Harrisburg. 

Office  of  the  board,  Franklin  Building,  Harrisburg. 

Publications:  Game,  Fish,  and  Forestry  Laws;  Bulletins;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Commissioners  of  Birds.  Commission  established  June,  1899;  term,  three  years. 
Chairman,  Everett  L.  Walling,  1022  Hospital  Trust  Building,  Providence. 

E.  W.  Kent,  Newport. 

Prof.  John  Barlow,  Kingston. 

Alexander  G.  Fales,  Bristol. 

Byron  A.  Northrup,  Anthony. 

All  terms  expire  January  31,  1923. 

Publications:  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Chief  Game  Warden.  Office  established  February  25,  1910;  term,  four  years. 

W.  H.  Gibbes,  Columbia  (term  expires  April  1,  1921). 

Publications:  State  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

State  Game  and  Fish  Commission.  Office  of  State  game  warden  established  July  1, 
1909;  term,  two  years.  Commission  established  July  1,  1913. 

Chairman,  Gov.  Peter  Norbeck  (term  expires  January,  1921). 

Attorney  general.  Byron  S.  Payne,  Pierre  (term  expires  January,  1921). 

State' game  warden,  H.  S.  Hedrick,  Pierre  (term  expires  July  1,  1921). 
Publications:  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

TENNESSEE. 

State  Game  and  Fish  Warden.  Office  of  State  warden  established  April  11,  1903;  depart- 
ment of  game,  fish,  and  forestry  established  April  15,  1905;  term,  eight  years; 
department  of  game  and  fish  established  May  17,  1915. 

W.  D.  Howser,  Nashville  (term  expires  April  17,  1921). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Bulletins;  Reports  (last,  1919). 


Directory  of  Game  Officials,  1920. 


9 


TEXAS. 

Game , Fish,  and  Oyster  Commissioner . Office  of  fish  and  oyster  commissioner  estab- 
lished 1S95;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  in  1907,  in  1911  to  control  and  sale  of 
sand  and  shell  in  public  coastal  waters,  and  in  1919  to  gravel  and  sand  in  all 
inland  public  waters;  term,  two  years. 

J.  R.  Jefferson,  Austin  (term  expires  1921). 

Chief  deputy, . 

Publications:  Game,  Fish,  Oyster,  Sand,  Shell,  and  Gravel  Laws;  Reports. 

UTAH. 

Stale  Fish  and  Game  Commissioner.  Office  established  1890;  reorganized  in  1897  and 
1899 ;7  term,  four  years. 

R.  H.  Siddoway,  Capitol  Building,  Salt  Lake  City  (term  expires  March  15,  1921). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

VERMONT. 

Fish  and  Gime  Commissioner.  Fish  commission  established  in  1867 ; reorganized  as  a 
fish  and  game  commission  November  22,  1892.  Present  office  established  Decem- 
ber 7,  1904;  term,  two  years. 

Linus  Leavens,  Montpelier  (term  expires  February  1,  1921). 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

VIRGINIA. 

Department  of  Game  and  Inland  Fisheries.  Office  of  commissioner  of  fisheries  estab- 
lished 1875;  jurisdiction  extended  to  game  and  department  of  game  and  inland 
fisheries  organized  March  11,  1916. 

Commissioner,  F.  Nash  Bilisoly,  Richmond. 

Chief  clerk,  M.  D.  Hart,  Richmond. 

Office  of  commission,  6-8  North  6th  Street,  Richmond. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Reports  (last,  1919). 

WASHINGTON. 

State  Fish  Commissioner  and  Style  Game  Warden.  Office  of  game  warden  established 
February  6,  1890.  State  fish  commissioner  made  game  warden  March  13,  1899 
Office  reorganized  March  19,  1913;  term,  four  years. 

L.  H.  Darwin,  Box  3S4,  Seattle  (term  expires  April  1,  1922). 

Chief  deputy,  Frank  Bryant,  Yakima. 

Publications:  Game,  Fish,  and  Trapping  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Forest , Game , and  Fish  Warden.  Office  of  game  and  fish  warden  established  May  18, 
1897;  reorganized  1909;  term,  four  years. 

Clare  W.  Harding,  Elkins  (term  expires  February  20,  1922). 

Chief  deputy,  Garfield  Skidmore,  Elkins  (term  expires  February  20,  1922). 

Chief  deputy,  J.  M.  England,  Athens  (term  expires  February  20,  1922). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Biennial  Reports  (last,  1918). 

WISCONSIN. 

State  Conservation  Commission.  Office  of  State  fish  and  game  warden  established 

^ May  5,  1891;  present  commission  established  July,  1915  (term,  six  years). 

Chairman,  W.  E.  Barber,  Madison  (term  expires  February,  1925). 

James  Nevin,  Madison  (term  expires  February,  1921). 

C.  L.  Harrington,  Madison  (term  expires  February  , 1923). 

Secretary,  R.  S.  Scheibel,  Madison. 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  The  Conservationist  (bi-monthlvL  Biennial 
Reports  (last.,  1918). 


7 From  1897  to  1899  the  title  of  the  office  was  State  fish  and  game  warden. 

59° — 2Q 2 


10  Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


WYOMING. 

State  Game  Commission.  Office  of  fish  commissioner  established  1879, 8 jurisdiction 
extended  to  game  1895.  Office  of  State  game  warden  established  February  15, 
1899;  term,  four  years.  Present  commission  established  February  18,  1911. 

President,  Gov.  Robert  D.  Carey,  Cheyenne  (terms  expires  January,  1923). 

Secretary  of  state,  Wm.  E.  Chaplin,  Cheyenne  (term  expires  January,  1923). 

State  auditor,  I.  C.  Jefferis,  Cheyenne  (term  expires  January,  1923). 

State  game  warden,  William  T.  Judkins,  Cheyenne  (term  expires  February  22. 1923). 

Publications:  Game  and  Fish  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

CANADA. 

Advisory  Board  on  Wild  Life  Protection  (Interdepartmental).  Established  December 
28,  1916.  Advises  in  the  administration  of  the  northwest  game  act  and  the 
migratory  birds  convention  act,  and  also  advises  the  Dominion  Government  on 
questions  affecting  the  conservation  of  wild  life  generally;  assists  Provincial 
governments  wherever  possible  and  promotes  cooperative  measures  between 
governments. 

Chairman,  James  White,  Commissioner  of  Conservation,  Ottawa. 

Acting  Secretary,  Hoyes  Lloyd,  Dominion  Parks  Branch,  Department  of  the 
Interior,  Ottawa. 

D.  C.  Scott,  Department  of  Indian  Affairs,  Ottawa;  Dr.  R.  M.  Anderson,  Geological 
Survey,  Ottawa;  J.  B.  Harkin,  Commissioner  of  Dominion  Parks,  Department  of 
the  Interior,  Ottawa. 

Dominion  Paries  Branch , Department  of  the  Interior,  Ottawa.  Administers  the 
migratory  birds  convention  act. 

Commissioner,  J.  B.  Harkin. 

Ornithologist  and  supervisor  of  wild  life  protection,  Hoyes  Lloyd. 

Publications:  Migratory  Birds  Convention  Act  and  Regulations;  Pamphlets. 

ALBERTA. 

Department  of  Agriculture*  Office  of  chief  game  guardian  established  1905. 10 

Minister,  Duncan  Marshall,  Edmonton. 

Deputy  minister,  H.  A.  Craig,  Edmonton. 

Chief  game  guardian,  Benjamin  Lawton,  Edmonton. 

Publications:  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 

BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 

Game  Conservation  Board.  Office  of  Provincial  game  and  forest  warden  established 
1905 ; titled  changed  to  Provincial  game  warden,  1909 ; present  board  established 
by  act  of  1918,  as  amended*  in  1919,  and  game  department  placed  under  the 
superintendent  of  Provincial  police,  who  becomes  also  ex  officio  Provincial  game 
warden. 

Chairman,  Dr.  A.  R.  Baker,  Vancouver. 

Secretary,  R.  E.  Hose,  Vancouver. 

Provincial  game  warden,  Wm.  G.  McMynn,  Victoria. 

F.  A.  Dunn,  Cranbrook.  j 

Office  of  the  board,  courthouse,  Vancouver. 

Publications:  Game  Laws;  Bulletins. 

MANITOBA. 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration .9  Office  of  chief  game  guardian  established 
August,  1898. 

Minister,  Valentine  Winkler,  Winnipeg. 

Chief  game  guardian,  Charles  Barber,  Winnipeg. 

Publications:  Game  Protection  Act;  Annual  Reports. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

Crown  Land  Department  * Office  of  chief  game  commissioner  established  1878; 
change  to  chief  wardens  made  in  1909;  one  chief  warden,  1913. 

Minister  lands  and  mines,  Dr.  E.  A.  Smith,  Shediac. 

Deputy  minister  lands  and  mines,  T.  G.  Loggie,  Fredericton. 

L.  A.  Gagnon,  chief  game  and  fire  warden,  Fredericton. 

Publications:  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 


8 From  1882  to  1884  the  duties  were  performed  by  a board  of  six  fish  commissioners. 

9 Has  jurisdiction  over  matters  pertaining  to  game. 

10  Prior  to  1905  the  duties  were  performed  by  the  chief  game  guardian  of  the  Northwest  Territories,  an 
officer  first  appointed  in  1902. 


Directory  of  Game  Officials , 1920. 


11 


NORTHWEST  TERRITORIES. 

Dominion  Paris  Branch , Department  of  the  Interior,  Ottawa,  administers  the  north- 
west game  act.  (See  also  Advisory  Board  on  Wild  Life  Protection  (Interde- 
partmental), p.  10.) 

Commissioner,  J.  B.  Harkin. 

Ornithologist  and  supervisor  of  wild  life  protection,  Hoyes  Lloyd. 

Publications:  Northwest  Game  Act. 

NOVA  SCOTIA. 

Board  of  Game  Commissioners  Established  April  16,  1908.  (Duties  formerly  exer- 
cised by  Nova  Scotia  game  and  inland  fishery  protection  society.) 

Chief  game  commissioner,  J.  A.  Knight,  K.  C.,"St.  Paul  Building'  Halifax. 
Associate  commissioners,  W.  W.  Osborne,  New  Glasgow  R.  S.  Kelley,  Yarmouth. 
Publications:  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

ONTARIO. 

Department  of  Game  and  Fisheries.  Office  of  chief  game  warden  established  1892; 
office  of  superintendent  of  game  and  fisheries  established  1907;  department  of 
game  and  fisheries  established  1914. 

Minister,  F.  C.  Biggs,  Parliament  Building,  Toronto. 

Deputy  minister,  D.  McDonald,  Parliament  Building,  Toronto. 

Superintendent,  George  H.  Rapsey,  Parliament  Building,  Toronto 
Publications:  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

PRINCE  EDWARD  ISLAND. 

Game  Inspector .n  Office  established  April  21,  1906;  term,  pleasure  of  lieutenant 
governor  in  council. 

Chief  game  officer,  migratory  birds,  Maritime  Provinces,  Robie  W.  Tufts,  Wolfville, 
Nova  Scotia. 

Publications:  Annual  Reports. 

QUEBEC. 

Department  of  Colonization , Mines  and  Fisheries — Fisheries  and  Game  Branch.  Office 
of  game  superintendent  established  June  10,  1884;  reorganized  in  1897  and  1906. 
Minister,  J.  E.  Perrault,  Quebec. 

Deputy  minister,  S.  Dufault,  Quebec. 

Special  (expert)  officer,  E.  T.  D.  Chambers,  Quebec. 

General  superintendent  of  fisheries  and  game,  Hector  Caron,  Quebec. 

Assistant  superintendent  of  fisheries  and  game,  Eug.  Hamel,  Quebec. 

General  inspector  of  fisheries  and  game,  J.  A.  Bellisle,  Quebec. 

Publications:  Fish  and  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 

SASKATCHEWAN. 

Department  of  Agriculture.12  Office  of  the  chief  game  guardian  established  1905. 13 
Minister  of  agriculture,  C.  A.  Dunning,  Regina. 

Deputy  minister,  F.  H.  Auld,  Regina. 

Chief  game  guardian,  Fred  Bradshaw,  Regina. 

Publications:  Annual  Reports  (last,  1919). 

NEWFOUNDLAND. 

Game  and  Inland  Fisheries  Board.  Department  of  marine  and  fisheries,  with  juris- 
diction over  matters  pertaining  to  game,  established  March  10,  1898.  Game  and 
inland  fisheries  board  authorized  May  10,  1906;  organized  1909;  established  by 
act  of  Parliament,  1910. 

President,  minister  of  marine  and  fisheries,  Hon.  W.  F.  Coaker,  St.  Johns. 

Vice  president,  Thomas  Winter,  St.  Johns. 

First  assistant  vice  president,  Alexander  McDougall,  St.  Johns. 

Second  assistant  vice  president,  W.  H.  Rennie,  St.  Johns. 

Secretary,  Gower  Rabbitts,  St.  Johns. 

Publications:  Game  Laws;  Annual  Reports. 


11  Sheriffs  act  as  game  inspectors  in  their  respective  counties. 

12  Has  jurisdiction  over  matters  pertaining  to  game. 

“ PrL°r  t°  1905  the  duties  were  performed  by  the  chief  game  guardian  of  the  Northwest  Territories,  an 
officer  first  appointed  in  1902.  ’ 


12  Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


NATIONAL  ORGANIZATIONS. 

Advisory  Board,  Migratory-Bird  Treaty  Act.  Appointed  September  17,  1918. 
Chairman,  John  B.  Burnham,  president  American  game  protective  and  propagation 
association,  233  Broadway,  New  York  City;  William  C.  Adams,  director  division  of 
fisheries  and  game,  State  "House,  Boston,  Mass. ; M.  L.  Alexander,  conservation  com- 
missioner, New  Orleans,  La. ; Brooke  Anderson,  secretary  Chicago  camp  fire  club, 
208  South  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  111.;  Carlos  Avery,  State  game  and  fish  commis- 
sioner, St.  Paul,  Minn. ; W.  E.  Barber,  chairman  conservation  commission,  Madison, 
Wis.;  Edward  G.  Bradford,  jr.,  president  board  of  game  and  fish  commissioners,  Wil- 
mington, Del.;  Alva  Clapp,  State  fish  and  game  warden,  Pratt,  Kans.;  William  L. 
Finley,  651  East  Madison  Street,  Portland,  Oreg.;  E.  H.  Forbush,  State  ornitholo- 
gist, State  House,  Boston,  Mass. ; George  Bird  Grinnell,  president  Boone  and  Crockett 
club,  238  East  Fifteenth  Street,  New  York  City;  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Hornaday,  director 
New  York  Zoological  Park,  New  York  City;  George  G.  Koster,  chief  deputy  game 
and  fish  commission,  Lincoln,  Nebr. ; Clark  McAdams,  St.  Louis  Post  Dispatch, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Marshall  McLean,  attorney  New  York  conservation  commission, 
Albany,  N.  Y.;  I.  S.  Myers,  fish  and  game  cominittee,  board  of  agriculture,  Akron, 
Ohio;  F.  M.  Newbert,  president,  board  of  fish  and  game  commissioners,  Forum 
Building,  Sacramento,  Calif.;  Clinton  M.  Odell,  120  Northwestern  National  life 
Insurance  Building,  Minneapolis,  Minn. ; T.  Gilbert  Pearson, . secretary  national 
association  of  Audubon  societies,  1974  Broadway,  New  York  City;  George  Shiras, 
3d,  Marquette,  Mich. ; John  H.  Wallace,  jr.,  commissioner  department  of  conserva- 
tion, Montgomery,  Ala. 

Advisory  Board  on  Wild  Life  Protection  (Interdepartmental) — Canada. 
Established  December  28,  1916.  (See  page  10.) 


American  Bison  Society.  Organized  December  8,  1905. 

President,  Edmund  Seymour,  45  Wall  Street,  New  York  City. 

Secretary,  M.  S.  Garretson,  8 Union  Avenue,  Clifton,  N.  J. 

American  Game  Protective  and  Propagation  Association.  Incorporated  Sep- 
tember 25,  1911. 

President,  John  B.  Burnham,  233  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

Secretary,  George  M.  Fayles,  233  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

American  Ornithologists’  Union — Committee  on  Protection  of  North 
American  Birds.  Established  October  1,  1884. 

Chairman,  Dr.  A.  K.  Fisher,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Boone  and  Crockett  Club.  Founded  December,  1887. 

President,  George  Bird  Grinnell,  238  East  Fifteenth  Street,  New  York  City. 

Acting  secretary,  Chas.  Stewart  Davison,  59  Wall  Street,  New  York  City. 
Chairman,  game  preservation  committee,  Morgan  Davis,  66  Broadway,  New  York 
City. 

Camp  Fire  Club  of  America.  Organized  1903;  incorporated  1904. 

President,  Marshall  McLean,  care  Conservation  Commission,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Secretary,  Arthur  F.  Rice,  15  East  Fortieth  Street,  New  York  City. 

International  Association  of  Game,  Fish,  and  Conservation  Commissioners. 
Organized  July  20,  1902;  reorganized  February  11, 1904;  organized  as  international 
association  August  29,  1917. 

President,  J.  Quincy  Ward,  R.  D.  No.  1,  Cynthiana,  Ky. 

Secretary,  Carlos  Avery,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

National  Association  of  Audubon  Societies.  Organized  as  a national  com- 
mittee, April  4,  1902;  incorporated  January  5,  1905. 

President, . 

Secretary,  T.  Gilbert  Pearson,  1974  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

National  Educators  Conservation  Society.  Organized  January  15,  1916. 
President,  Prof.  Charles  L.  Bristol,  New  York  University,  New  York  City. 
Secretary,  Nomer  Gray,  High  School  of  Commerce,  120  W.  46th  Street,  New  York 
City. 

New  York  Zoological  Society.  Incorporated  April  26,  1895. 

(This  society  takes  an  active  part  in  the  protection  of  birds  and  game.) 

President,  Prof.  Henry  Fairfield  Osborn,  American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
New  York  City.  » 

Vice  president  and  secretary,  Madison  Grant,  111  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


Directory  of  Game  Officials,  1920.  13 

NoE™  1900RICAN  FlSH  AND  GAME  Pkotective  Association.  Organized  January 
President, . 

Senior  vice  president,  John  W.  Titcomb,  379  Quail  Street,  Albany  N Y 
Secretary-treasurer,  E.  T.  D.  Chambers,  Quebec. 

Permanent  Wild  Life  Protection  Fund.  Founded  1914. 

'Trustees,  Dr.  William  T Homaday,  New  York  Zoological*  Park,  New  York  City 
York^City  iiePblim>  ^ew  ^ork  City;  Clark  Williams,  37  Liberty  Street,  New 

The  Game  Conservation  Society,  Inc. 

Secretary,  John  C.  Huntington,  150  Nassau  Street,  New  York  City. 

STATE  ORGANIZATIONS. 

[Organisations  not  heard  from  in  1920  are  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*).] 

Alabama  Game  and  Game  Fish  Protective  Association. 

President,  George  Stuart,  Montgomery. 

Secretary,  Julius  Frank,  Montgomery. 

*Alaska  Fish  and  Game^Club. 

President,  Charles  Golds! ein,  Juneau. 

Secretary-treasurer,  C.  D.  Garfield,  Juneau. 

Camfornua  Associated  Societies  for  the  Conservation  of  Wild  Life 
President,  Dr.  William  F.  Bade,  2616  College  Avenue,  Berkeley 
Secretary,  A.  S.  Kibbe,  1534  Grove  Street,  Berkeley. 

^uly  l^igi^^  FlSH’  Game’  and  Forest  Protective  League.  Organized 

(Formerly  California  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association.  Organized  May  26,  1900  ) 

President,  J.  B.  Hauer,  333  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Secretary,  N.  A.  Martin,  333  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Connecticut  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  June  17 
1909  ■ incorporated  September  10,  1909.  ’ 

President,  George  H.  Scranton,  New  Haven. 

Secretary  and  treasurer,  H.  P.  Carter,  Ansonia. 

Delaware  State  Sportsmen’s  Association.  Organized  January  30,  1912. 
President,  M . A.  Simonton,  1048  DuPont  Building,  Wilmington 
Secretary,  W.  W.  Terrill,  5054  DuPont  Building,  Wilmington. 

Florida  Wild  Life  League.  Organized  June  4,  1920 
President,  Dr.  Geo.  S.  Stone,  Fort  Myers. 

Secretary,  A.  W.  Davidson,  Fort  Myers. 

Illinois  Fish  and  Game  League.  Organized  September  3,  1912. 

President,  F.  M.  Howk,  Joliet. 

Secretary,  W.  O.  Skeels,  Hinsdale. 

Illinois  Sportsmen’s  League.  Organized  1913. 

President,  H.  C.  Norcross,  Carlyle. 

Secretary,  August  Semmelroth,  Belleville. 

lN£ANA  Fisr;  £aSie>  anP  Forest  League.  Organized  October  26,  1911. 

Piesident,  Walter  Shirts,  Noblesville. 

Secretary,  Andrew  E.  Bodine,  135  Branson  Street,  Marion. 

Iowa  Conservation  Association.  Organized  November  16  1901 
President,  Dr.  LI.  S.  Conard,  Grinnell. 

Secretary,  G.  B.  MacDonald,  Iowa  State  College,  Ames. 

IOprtoviISH+  AwDj?At^E  Conservati°n  Association.  Organized  January  11,  1915, 
President,  W.  O.  Ewmger,  Burlington. 

Secretary,  G.  A.  Begeman,  Burlington. 

Kansas  State  Game  Protective  Association. 

President,  W.  A.  Ayres,  House  of  Representatives,  Washington,  D C 
Secretary,  A.  J.  Applegate,  120  S.  Main  Street,  Wichita,  Kans.  ' ' 


14  Department  Circular  i3i,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Kentucky  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  February  22, 1909'. 
President,  Thomas  J.  Batman,  Tyler  Building,  Louisville. 

Secretary,  Eugene  Stuart,  Seelbach  Hotel,  Louisville. 

Maine  Sportsmen’s  Fish  and  Game  Association.  Chartered  1893. 

President,  Merton  French,  Bangor. 

Secretary,  L.  W.  Somers,  Bangor. 

Maryland  State  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association.  Organized  March. 
5,  1895;  incorporated  May  13,  1898. 

President,  Leonard  M.  Levering,  38  West  Biddle  Street,  Baltimore^ 

Secretary,  William  H.  Fisher,  Stock  Exchange  Building,  210  East  Redwood  Street,. 
Baltimore. 

Massachusetts  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Association.  Chartered  March  29,. 
1877 

(Formerly  Massachusetts  Anglers’  Association.  Chartered  March  18, 1874.) 

President,  William  A.  Morse,  Equitable  Building,  Boston. 

Secretary,  George  W.  Wiggin,  945  Tremont  Building,  Boston. 


Michigan  Sportsman’s  Association. 

(Formerly  Michigan  Wild  Life  Conservation  Association, 
ganized  January  28, 1915. ) 

President,  Gustavus  D.  Pope,  Detroit. 

Secretary,  Albert  Stoll,  jr.,  Birmingham. 


Organized  April  19,  1907,  and  reor- 


Minnesota  Game  Protective  League.  Organized  March  10,  1913. 

President,  Jas.  A.  Lawrie,  Duluth. 

Secretary,  C.  H.  Dunning,  Duluth. 

Missouri  Fish  and  Game  League.  Organized  January  26,  1911;  incorporated. 
January  25,  1912. 

President,  Samuel  C.  Davis,  Security  Building,  St.  Louis.  . 

Secretary,  Herbert  Taylor,  416  North  Fourth  Street,  St.  Louis. 

^Nebraska  State  Sportsmen’s  Association.  Organized  1876. 

President,  J.  F.  Smith,  Hastings. 

Secretary,  George  L.  Carter,  425  S.  29th  Street,  Lincoln. 


[Nevada!  Washoe  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Association. 

(Formerly  Nevada  Wish  ar.d  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  February  19,  1909. 

President,  H.  H.  Kennedy,  Reno  National  Bank,  Reno. 

Secretary-treasurer,  Geo.  I.  James,  212  North  Virginia  Street,  Reno. 


> 


New  Mexico  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  1915. 

President,  Chas.  Springer,  Cimarron. 

Secretary,  Aldo  Leopold,  Albuquerque. 

New  York  Association  for  the  Protection  of  Game.  Founded  May  20,  1844; 
incorporated  1884.  . 

President,  Col.  Alfred  Wagstaff,  29  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

Secretary,  Robert  B.  Lawrence,  43  Cedar  Street,  New  York  City. 

New  York  State  Fish,  Game  and  Forest  League.  Organized  1897;  incorporated 
April  16,  1898.  0 _ . . 1Qfi, . 

(Formerly  New  York  State  Association  for  the  Protection  ofFishand  Game.  Organized  1S85.) 

President,  Frank  D.  Sargent,  Albany. 

Secretary,  L.  C.  Andrews,  Elmira. 

North  Dakota  State  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  1917;  incor- 
porated March  22,  1917. 

President,  Joes.  Crosth waite,  Mandan. 

Secretary,  C.  E.  Edquest,  Mandan. 


North  Dakota  State  Sportsmen’s  Association.  Organized  1894. 

President,  Clarence  H.  Parker,  Minot, 

Secretary,  R.  W.  Pence,  Minot. 

[Ohio]  League  of  Ohio  Sportsmen.  Organized  February  7,  1913. 

President,  Hon.  W.  Meredith  Yeatman,  Cincinnati. 

Secretary,  J.  F.  Atwood,  Columbus. 

Oklahoma  State  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association.  Organized  Decem- 
ber 11,  1908. 

President,  S.  H.  Harris,  Oklahoma  City. 

Secretary,  J.  C.  Clark,  215  West  12th  Street,  Oklahoma  City. 


Directory  of  Game  Officials , 1920. 


15 


Oregon  Fish  and  Game  Association.  Organized  January  28,  1899. 

President,  John  Gill,  Third  and  Alder  Streets,  Portland. 

Secretary,  A.  E.  Gebhardt,  Box  269,  Portland. 

Oregon  Sportsmen’s  League.  Organized  March  16,  1914. 

President,  Dr.  Arthur-  K.  Downs,  Multnomah. 

Secretary  and  treasurer,  S.  C.  Bartrum,  Roseburg. 

Pennsylvania  State  Sportsmen’s  Association.  Organized  August  22,  1890- 
incorporated  1892. 

President,  Robt.  J.  Gumbert,  Pittsburgh. 

Secretary,  Frederic  A.  Godcharles,  Milton. 

[Pennsylvania]  United  Sportsmen  of  Pennsylvania.  Organized  April  1, 
1908.  u, 

President,  David  Prichard,  Scranton. 

Corresponding  secretary,  S.  W.  Edgar,  Scranton. 

[Pennsylvania]  Wild  Life  League  of  Pennsylvania.  Organized  January  12, 
President,  R.  T.  Brown,  Elwood  City. 

Secretary,  Jas.  B.  Sansom,  Commercial  Building,  Pittsburgh. 

South.  Dakota  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association. 

President,  C.  M.  Buchanan,  Mitchell. 

Secretary-treasurer,  H.  F.  Chapman,  Box  846,  Sioux  Falls. 

Tennessee  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  in  1904. 
President,  Josenh  H.  Acklen,  Nashville. 

Secretary,  O.  F.  Noel,  Noel  Block,  Nashville. 


Texas  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association.  Organized  May  21,  1912. 

(The  original  Texas  Game  Protection  Association  was  organized  in  September,  1896  ) 
President,  Dr.  Wesley  Peacock,  San  Antonio. 

Secretary,  Geo.  C.  Shupee,  San  Antonio. 

[Utah]  Weber  County  Rod  and  Gun  Association.  Organized  February  19,  1919. 
President,  A.  T.  Hestmark,  Ogden. 

Secretary,  A.  F.  Larson,  Ogden. 


Vermont  Fish  and  Game  League.  Incorporated  November  21,  1890. 
President,  L.  H.  Greene,  Montpelier. 

Secretary,  Dr.  H.  L.  Pasche,  Burlington. 


[V  irginia]  Eastern  Shore  Game  Protective  Association  of  Virginia.  Organ- 
ized 1893 ; incorporated  March,  1894. 

President,  Dr.  J.  W.  Bowdoin,  Bloxom. 

Secretary  and  treasurer,  T.  W.  Blackstone,  Accomac. 

Virginia  Game  and  Game  Fish  Protective  Association.  Organized  Febru- 
ary 15,  1905;  reorganized  May  23,  1913. 

President,  Jas.  Taylor  Robertson,  Box  1039,  Richmond. 

Secretary-treasurer,  C.  M.  Hogge,  Box  1039,  Richmond. 


Washington  State  Sportsmen’s  Association.  Organized  3917. 
(Formerly  Washington  Game  Protective  and  Propagation  Association. 
21,  1911.) 

Chairman,  Earl  A.  Fry,  Seattle. 

Secretary,  R.  B.  Nason,  622  Bankers  Trust  Building,  Tacoma. 


Organized  November 


* Washington  State  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association.  Organized  De- 
cember 4,  1903;  incorporated . 

President,  Frank  A.  Pontius,  Seattle. 

Secretary,  F.  L.  Wilkins,  County  Building,  Seattle. 


West  Virginia  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  November 
14,  1906. 

President,  F.  M.  Glenn,  Parsons. 

Secretary,  Calvin  Price,  Marlinton. 

Wisconsin  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  May  28,  1912.  Incor- 
porated, 1916. 

President,  Mark  S.  Catlin,  Appleton. 

Secretary- treasurer,  Clarence  J.  Allen,  Box  738,  Milwaukee. 


16  Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

[Wisconsin]  Wild  Life  Protective  Society.  Organized  February  15,  1916. 

Incorporated  April  16,  1917. 

President,  Clarence  J.  Allen,  Box  738,  Milwaukee. 

Secretary,  Chas.  I.  Foster,  534  Caswell  Block,  Milwaukee. 

Wyoming  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  February  4,  1916. 

President,  Sam  W.  Aldrich,  Ishawooa. 

Secretary.  I.  H.  Larom,  Valley. 

CANADA. 

Canadian  Society  for  the  Protection  of  Birds.  Organized  December  16,  1914; 
incorporated  January  28,  1915. 

President,  Frank  F.  Payne,  Meteorological  Observatory,  Toronto. 

Secretary,  Miss  Laura  "B.  Durand,  MacLean  Building,  153  University  Avenue, 
Toronto. 

Manitoba  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  April  2,  1905. 

President,  A.  Code,  Winnipeg. 

Secretary-treasurer,  J.  P.  Turner,  403  Merchants  Bank  Building,  Winnipeg. 

Nova  Scotia  Guides’  Association.  Organized  1909. 

President,  F.  A.  Graham,  Halifax. 

Secretary  and  treasurer,  J.  Allen,  Yarmouth. 

Ontario  Forest,  Fish,  and  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  June  7, 
1905. 

President, . 

Secretary-treasurer,  Lt.  Col.  A.  Kelly  Evans,  Toronto  Club,  Toronto. 

Prince  Edward  Island  Game  and  Fish  Protective  Association.  Organized 
September  1,  1905;  incorporated  April  21,  1906. 

President,  Albert  E.  Morrison,  Charlottetown. 

Secretary,  J.  A.  McMillan,  Charlottetown. 

[Quebec]  Province  of  Quebec  Association  for  the  Protection  of  Fish  and 
Game.  Organized  February  23,  1859. 

President,  L.  A.  Amos,  Montreal. 

Secretary,  J.  R.  Innes,  286  St.  James  Street,  Imperial  Bank  Building,  Montreal. 

[Quebec]  Sportsmen’s  Fish  and  Game  Protective  Associations  of  the  Frov 
ince  of  Quebec.  Incorporated  1901. 

President,  John  S.  Thom,  123  Ramparts,  Quebec. 

Secretary,  Charles  Fremont,  K.  C.,  81  St.  Peter  Street,  Quebec. 

Saskatchewan  Game  Protective  Association.  Organized  August  10,  1906. 
President,  M.  W.  Sharon,  Regina. 

Secretary,  W.  M.  Van  Valkenburg,  Regina. 

AUDUBON  SOCIETIES.14 

[Organized  for  the  study  and  protection  of  birds.  Societies  not  heard  from  in  1920  are  marked  with  an 

asterisk  (*)•] 

Arizona.  Organized  April,  1908. 

President,  Thomas  K.  Marshall,  Tucson. 

Secretary,  Mrs.  Harriet  B.  Thornber,  Tucson. 

California.  Organized  May  31,  1906.  Incorporated  April  3,  1913. 

President,  Whlfred  Smith,  Altadena. 

Secretary,  Mrs.  Harriet  Williams  Myers,  311  West  Avenue  66,  Los  Angeles. 
^Colorado  . Organized  1913. 

President,  Edward  R.  Warren,  1511  Wood  Avenue,  Colorado  Springs. 

Secretary,  Miss  Hattie  E.  Richardson,  2337  Dexter  Street,  Denver. 

Connecticut.  Organized  January  28,  1898. 

President,  Mrs.  Mabel  Osgood  Wright,  Fairfield. 

Secretary,  Miss  Charlotte  A.  Lacey,  Southport. 

Delaware.  Organized  April,  1900. 

President,  A.  D.  Poole,  6 Belmont  Apartments,  Wilmington. 

Secretary,  Mrs.  William  S.  Hilles,  DuPont  Building,  Wilmington. 


14  For  National  Association  of  Audubon  Societies,  see  p.  12. 


17 


Directory  of  Game  Officials,  1920. 


District  of  Columbia.  Organized  May  18,  1897. 

President,  Hon.  Job  Barnard,  Falkestone  Courts,  Washington 
Secretary,  Miss  Helen  P.  Childs,  Chevy  Chase,  Md. 

Florida.  Organized  March  2,  1900.  Incorporated  1902. 
President,  Mrs.  Katherine  B.  Tippetts,  St.  Petersburg 
Secretary,  W.  Scott  Way,  Winter  Park. 


Illinois.  Organized  April  1,  1897. 

President,  Orpheus  M.  Schantz,  10  South  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago 
Acting  Secretary,  Catherine  A.  Mitchell,  Riverside. 

Indiana.  Organized  April  26,  1898. 

President,  M.  L.  Fisher,  Lafayette. 

Secretary,  Frank  C.  Evans,  Crawfordsville. 


Kentucky.  Organized  April  24,  1909. 

President,  Miss  Mary  Florence  Taney,  309  East  Third  Street, 
Secretary,  Mrs.  Frances  Manser,  Covington. 

Kentucky.  Organized  January  28,  1911. 

President,  Dr.  D.  J.  Healy,  530  Savre  Avenue,  Lexington 
Secretary,  Victor  K.  Dodge,  173  Bell  Court,  West  Lexington 


Covington. 


Maryland.  Organized  June,  1906. 

President,  Mrs.  Baker  Hull,  Washington  Apartments,  Baltimore 
Secretary,  Jesse  Shngluff,  Maryland  Trust  Building,  Baltimore.  ’ 


Massachusetts.  Organized  January,  1896. 

President,  Edward  Howe  Forbush,  136  State  House,  Boston 
Secretary-treasurer,  Winthrop  Packard,  66  Newbury  Street,  Boston. 
Michigan.  Organized  February,  1904. 

President,  Mrs.  Edith  C.  Munger,  Hart. 

Secretary, . 


Minnesota.  Organized  June  1,  1897. 

President,  D.  Lange,  2308  Commonwealth  Avenue,  St  Paul 
Secretary, . 


Mississippi. 

President,  William  Hemmingway,  Jackson. 

Secretary,  H.  G.  McGowan,  Columbus. 

Missouri.  Incorporated  June  14,  1901. 

President,  Dr.  Herman  von  Schrenk,  4276  Flad  Avenue,  St.  Louis. 
Secretary,  Dr.  R.  J.  Terry,  5315  Delmar  Avenue,  St.  Louis. 

New  Hampshire.  Organized  April  6,  1897;  reorganized  February  26,  1914 
President,  Gen.  Elbert  Wheeler,  Nashua.  ^ 

Secretary,  George  C.  Atwell,  Strafford. 

New  Jersey.  Organized  and  incorporated  December  15,  1910. 

President,  John  Dryden  Kuser,  Bernardsville. 

Secretary-treasurer,  Beecher  S.  Bowdish,  164  Market  Street,  Newark. 
^°R™ee  pR7L)NA"  ^rganized  Marcil  1:L,  1902;  incorporated  March  6,  1903. 

North  Dakota.  Organized  April,  1904;  reorganized  January,  1912. 
President,  Daniel  Freeman,  711  Seventh  Street,  South,  Fargo. 

Secretary,  O.  A.  Stevens,  1110  Tenth  Street,  North,  Fargo. 

-^r?aiSzef  ^.ece“;t>er  14,  1898;  incorporated  March  22,  1900. 
President,  Prof.  Wm.  G.  Cramer,  Woodward  High  School,  Cincinnat 
Secretary,  Miss  Katherine  Ratterman,  510  York  Street,  Cincinnati! 

Oregon.  Organized  July  1,  1902;  incorporated  1909. 
t>  • i ( F°rnier]y  John  Burroughs  Bird  Society,  organized  in  1Q00  'i 

wtnt’  n ' I'  FinW}  East  Madison  lftreet,Tortland. 

Secretary,  Dr.  Emma  J.  Welty,  321  Montgomery  Street,  Portland. 

Pennsylvania.  Organized  October,  1896. 

President,  Dr.  "Witmer  Stone,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  Philadeluhia 
Secretary,  Miss  Elizabeth  Wilson  Fisher,  2222  Spruce  Street  PhUadelphia 


18  Department  Circular  131,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Rhode  Island.  Organized  October,  1897. 

President,  Dr.  H.  E.  Walter,  Brown  University,  Providence. 

Secretary,  H.  L.  Madison,  Park  Museum,  Providence. 

Tennessee  (East).  Organized  September  2,  1910. 

President,  Dr.  Angus  McDonald,  1322  Tremont  Street,  Knoxville. 
Corresponding  secretary,  Miss  M.  M.  Woodward,  Knoxville. 

Tennessee  (West).  Organized  March,  1912. 

President,  C.  C.  Hanson,  Union  & Planters  Bank  Building,  Memphis. 
Secretary  and  treasurer,  Mrs.  S.  Id.  Stout,  1565  Vinton  Avenue,  Memphis. 

*Texas.  Organized  1903. 

President,  Jno.  F.  O’Shea,  Taylor. 

Secretary,  Miss  Carrie  E.  Hoke,  Taylor. 

Utah. 

President,  J.  H.  Paul,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  O.  Treganza,  624  East  Sixth  South  Street,  Salt  Lake  City. 

*Vermont.  Organized  September  2,  1901. 

President,  Prof.  A.  E.  Lambert,  Middlebury  College,  Middlebury. 

Secretary,  Carleton  D.  Howe,  Morrisville. 

Virginia.  Organized  December  11,  1908. 

President,  M.  D.  Hart,  Box  107,  Richmond. 

Secretary,  Mrs.  R.  B.  Smithey,  Ashland. 

West  Virginia.  Organized  October  24,  1911. 

President,  Miss  Bertha  E.  White,  1609  Latrobe  Street,  Parkersburg. 
Secretary,  Walter  Donaghho,  Emerson  Avenue,  North  Parkersburg. 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  U.'S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  RELATING 

TO  GAME. 


AVAILABLE  FOR  FREE  DISTRIBUTION  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT. 

Bird  Migration.  (Department  Bulletin  185.) 

Eleven  Important  Wild-duck  Foods.  (Department  Bulletin  205.) 

Propagation  of  Wild-duck  Foods.  (Department  Bulletin  465.) 

Waterfowl  and  Tlieir  Food  Plants  in  the  Sandhill  Region  of  Nebraska.  (Department 
Bulletin  794.) 

Chronology  and  Index  of  the  More  Important  Events  in  American  Game  Protection, 
1776-1911.  (Biological  Survey  Bulletin  41.) 

Our  Shorebirds  and  Their  Future.  (Yearbook  Separate  642.) 

The  Great  Plains  Waterfowl  Breeding  Grounds  and  Their  Protection.  (Yearbook 
Separate  723.) 

Federal  Protection  of  Migratory  Birds.  (Yearbook  Separate  785.) 

Some  Common  Game,  Aquatic,  and  Rapacious  Birds  in  Relation  to  Man.  (Farmers’ 
Bulletin  497.) 

Game  Laws  for  1920.  (Annual  publication,  that  for  1920,  Farmers’  Bulletin  1138.) 
Laws  Relating  to  Fur-bearing  Animals,  1920.  (Annual  publication,  that  for  1920, 
Farmers’  Bulletin  1165.) 

Open  Seasons  for  Game,  1920.  (Annual  poster,  that  for  1920,  Poster  39-Biol.  Surv.) 

FOR  SALE  BY  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS,  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING 
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Distribution  and  Migration  of  North  American  Rails  and  Their  Allies.  (Department 
Bulletin  128.)  Price,  10  cents. 

Mortality  among  Waterfowl  around  Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah.  (Department  Bulletin 
217.)  Price,  5 cents. 

Food  Habits  of  the  Mallard  Ducks  of  the  United  States.  (Department  Bulletin  720.) 
Price,  5 cents. 

Lead  Poisoning  in  Waterfowl.  (Department  Bulletin  793.)  Price,  5 cents. 

Hunting  Licenses:  Their  History,  Objects,  and  Limitations  (1904).  (Biological 
Survey  Bulletin  19.)  Price,  10  cents. 

The  Bob-white  and  Other  Quails  of  the  United  States  in  Their  Economic  Relations. 
(Biological  Survey  Bulletin  21.)  Price,  15  cents. 

19 


ADDITIONAL  COPIES 
OF  THIS  PUBLICATION  MAY  BE  PROCURED  FROM 
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WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

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L 1 ^ike  ■=  i 


WASHINGTON 

NATIONAL 

FOREST 


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as  cades 


/fflR£5T5ERV|C> 

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FOREST 


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hEE2  A F=>*l 

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VACATION 
1 LAND  I 


BE  CAREFUL 
WITH  FIRE 


United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
Department  Circular  132 


PREVENT  FOR 


aunt  Baker  may  be  approached  on  three  sides.  Those  wishing  to  reach  its  summ.  l had  best  go  in  by  way  of  Dei 

and  soutl  sides. 


KEEP  THE  FORESTS  GREE 


394°— 20 


One 


Mount  Baker  may  be  approached  < 


i three  sides.  Those  wishing  to  reach  its  sunJm*?nad  best  go  in  by  way  of  Dening,  although  it  can  also  be  climbed  on  the  north 
and  south  sides. 


United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
Department  Circular  132 


PREVENT  FOREST  FIRES  I 


SKETCH  MAP 
OF 

MT  BAKER 
REGION 
WASHINGTON 


Baker  Lake 


KEEP  THE  FORESTS  GREEN 


Contribution  from  the  Forest  Service 
William  B.  Greeley,  Forester 


394°— 20 


One 


A Mount  a 


:ation  Land 


The  Washington  National  Forest 


N the  extreme  northwestern  part  of  t 
United  States,  overlooking  the  restle 
waters  of  Puget  Sound,  which,  driv<  . 
by  the  tides  of  the  Pacific,  race  bad 
ward  and  forward  amid  a constellatic 
of  beautiful  islands,  lies  an  untame  i 
mountain  wilderness — one  of  the  feu 
remaining  strongholds  of  Nature.  There  in  the  Wasl 
ington  National  Forest  one  may  lose  himself  for  weel 
in  the  hills  and  give  himself  up  to  the  full  enjoymei. 
of  Nature. 


“ Race  backward  and  forward  amid  a constellation  of  beautiful  islands 


The  Mount  Baker  Region 

The  outstanding  features  of  the  Washington  National 
Forest  are  Mount  Baker,  unsurpassed  throughout  the 
entiie  Cascade  Range  for  the  magnificence  and  variet 
of  its  glacial  formations,  and  the  gently  rolling  stretche  > 
of  verdant  mountain  meadow  which  blanket  the  summit 
of  the  divide  in  the  Upper  Skagit  River  region.  Betwee. 
them  unfolds  a vast  uplifted  wilderness,  a wide-flun : 
advance  of  snow-clad  peaks,  dotted  with  mirror-like  lake  s 
and  separated  by  narrow  shoe-string  valleys  whose  side- 


are  gashed  with  narrow  canyons  cut  by  sparkling 
Lataracts. 

The  excessive  rainfall  of  the  Pacific  slope  nourishes  a 
,'ense  plant  and  forest  growth.  There  are  few  open 
daces  below  an  elevation  of  4,500  feet,  and  the  thick 


"Between  them  unfolds  a vast  uplifted  wilderness" 

1 idergrowth,  together  with  the  roughness  of  the  country, 
re  nders  travel  very  difficult  where  there  are  no  trails. 
Perhaps  one-third  of  the  northern  half  of  the  Washington 
Forest  is  above  timber  line.  On  the  whole  it  is  a richly 
watered  region,  and  one  singularly  free  from  venomous 
insects  or  reptiles  which  might  mar  the  enjoyment  of  the 
tourist. 

There  are  no  roads  within  the  Washington  Forest  as 
yet.  Its  beauty  spots  are  reached  by  trail  only.  It 
appeals  to  those  who  seek  the  recreational  frontier.  The 
voice  of  this  Forest  is  the  cry  of  Nature  calling  man  from 


"Gently  rolling  stretches  of  verdant  mountain  meadows  " 

the  common  life  to  some  of  the  realities  of  its  sterner 
xistence.  It  invites  the  tourist,  but  warns  him  not  to 
t(  -me  dressed  in  his  parlor  clothes. 

Mount  Baker,  the  “Koma  Kulshan”  of  the  Indians, 
known  to  early  Spanish  navigators  but  named  by  Capt. 


EST  FIRES 


Contribution  from  the  Forest  Service 
William  B.  Greeley,  Forester 


tow  canyons  cut  by  sparkling 

11  of  the  Pacific  slope  nourishes  a 
St  growth.  There  are  few  open 
tion  of  4,500  feet,  and  the  thick 


unfolds  a vast  uplifted  wilderness  ’ ’ 

with  the  roughness  of  the  country,  j 
ifhcult  where  there  are  no  trails.  I 
Jie  northern  half  of  the  Washington 
: line.  On  the  whole  it  is  a richly  ; 
ne  singularly  free  from  venomous  , 
ih  might  mar  the  enjoyment  of  the 

• 

within  the  Washington  Forest  as 
:s  are  reached  by  trail  only.  It 
eek  the  recreational  frontier.  The 
the  cry  of  Nature  calling  man  from  < 


'etches  of  verdant  mountain  meadows  ” 


lome  of  the  realities  of  its  sterner 
the  tourist,  but  warns  him  not  to 
irlor  clothes. 

“Koma  Kulshan”  of  the  Indians, 
sh  navigators  but  named  by  Capt. 


Vancouver,  is  a practically  extinc 
in  height.  It  was  first  ascended  tj 

in  1 86 
incrust 
surroui 
ows,  a 
interes 
geologi 
ture  lc 
fumes 
crater. 
MouJ 

cended  on  three  sides.  The  climb 
July  15  to  vSeptember  30,  August  t 
From  Glacier,  on  the  north  side 
2 J2  hours  via  automobile  road  fron 
leads  to  Heliotrope  Ridge,  10  mile 
grassy  divide  of  about  3 acres  whi 
the  heart  of  Roosevelt  Glacier,  y 
dome  of  the  mountain  towering  abo 
be  reached  from  this  point. 


“ Across  it  on  a summer  evening  is  cast  a perfect  lik 


; The  road  extends  7 miles  east  of 
\,ack  Falls  power  plant,  where  the  ij 
Inore  than  100  feet  high. 


within  easy  walking  distance  from  Ma 
is  a good  automobile  road  from  Demin. 

from  wh 
Park  is  c 
trail. 

The  e 
Baker  i 
Concrete 
long  dist 
people  : 
point. 

Baker 
the  larg< 
hatchery 
States,  i 
Concrete 
summer 
perfect  1 

Crevasse  on  Mount  Baker 

mountain 

Five  miles  to  the  northwest  is  the  I 
sulphurous  flow  boiling  from  the  subt 
the  distant  crater,  at  a temperature 
spring  is  hidden  beneath  the  shadow 


Looking  into  the  crater  of  Mount  J 


Washington  -National  Forest 


Vancouver,  is  a practically  extinct  volcano  10,730  feet  At  the  Three-Mile  board  a trail  ascends  to  Sky 
in  height.  It  was  first  ascended  by  the  Coleman  party  Tine  Ridge,  6,500  feet  in  elevation,  where  it  is  lost  in  the 

in  1869.  The  mountain  is  rolling  meadows,  dotted  with  clumps  of  alpine  fir  which 
incrusted  with  snow  and  ice,  shield  the  tents  of  the  campers, 
surrounded  by  green  mead- 
ows, a region  of  irresistible 
interest  to  the  mountaineer, 
geologist,  botanist,  and  na- 
ture lover.  Faint  sulphur 
fumes  still  rise  from  the 
crater. 

Mount  Baker 

Mount  Baker  may  be  as- 
cended on  three  sides.  The  climbing  season  runs  from 
July  15  to  September  30,  August  being  the  best  month. 

From  Glacier,  on  the  north  side,  which  is  reached  im«»and  Mount  Shuksan.  ' The  latter  has  been  termed  the 
2^  horns  via  automobile  road  from  Bellingham,  a trail  niost  picturesque  peak  in  America,  while  Table  Mountain, 


Formations  resembling  cliff  dwellings  on  the  slopes  of  Mount  Baker 

Farther  to  the  east  of  Nooksack  Falls,  10  miles  by 
trail,  is  Austin  Pass,  lying  midway  between  Mount  Baker 


leads  to  Heliotrope  Ridge,  10  miles  distant.  This  is  a 
grassy  divide  of  about  3 acres  which  thrusts  itself  into 
the  heart  of  Roosevelt  Glacier,  with  the  great  white 
dome  of  the  mountain  towering  above.  The  summit  can 
be  reached  from  this  point. 


at  the  gateway  of  the  Chain  Takes  region,  is  a striking 
formation.  The  scenic  revel  which  the  traveler  beholds 
from  Austin  Pass  will  soon  be  made  accessible  by  an 
automobile  road  from  Glacier. 


"Acrossit  on  a summer  evening  is  cast  a perfect  likeness  ofthe  great  mountain"  Many  prefer  to  ascend  Mount  Baker  from  the  west  side 


The  road  extends  7 miles  east  ot  Glacier  to  the  Nook-  at  Mazama  Park.  Here  there  is  a cabin  shelter  free  to 
sack  Falls  power  plant,  where  the  river  forms  a cataract  ™tors,  and  the  round  trip  to  the  summit  can  be  made 

more  than  too  feet  high.  in  from  8 to  12  hol  rs-  Easton  and  DeminS  Glaciers  are 


Three 


A Mounta.  ' ation  Land 


within  easy  walking  distance  from  Manama  Park.  Then 
is  a good  automobile  road  from  Deming  to  Heisler  Ranch 
from  which  point  Mazam 
Park  is  distant  16  miles  b 
trail. 

The  east  side  of  Mour 
Baker  is  accessible  froi 
Concrete,  but  owing  to  th. 
long  distance  by  trail,  fev 
people  ascend  from  th 
point. 

Baker  Lake,  which  ha. 
the  largest  sockeye  salmon 
hatchery  in  the  Unite  t 
States,  is  17  miles  abov 
Concrete.  Across  it  on  a 
summer  evening  is  cast 
perfect  1 keness  of  the  grea ' 
mountain. 

Five  miles  to  the  northwest  is  the  Faker  Hot  Spring, 
sulphurous  flow  boiling  from  the  subterranean  depths  of 
the  distant  crater,  at  a temperature  of  1120  F.  Th 
spring  is  hidden  beneath  the  shadow  of  great  trees  and 


Looking  into  the  crater  of  Mount  tiaker 


Crevasse  on  Mount  Baker 


ins  been  improved  by  the  construction  of  an  open 
- vimming  pool. 

There  are  at  present  no  commercial  organizations 
andling  the  tourist  business  to  Mount  Baker.  Pack 
orses  are  available  to  make  any  of  the  trips  above  men- 
oned,  but  persons  contemplating  them  would  do  well 
> make  inquiries  in  advance. 

Only  experienced  mountaineers  should  attempt  to 
ach  the  summit  of  Mount  Baker  without  a guide.  The 
limb  from  Mazama  Park  is  not  a hard  one,  and  mixed 
pirties  of  25  or  30  have  made  the  ascent.  Guides  can  be 
•cured  at  Deming,  Glacier,  or  Concrete,  and  would-be 


r able  Mountain,  at  the  gateway  of  the  Chain  Lakes  region,  is  a striking  formation 


climbers  should  plan  to  spend  a week  in  the  vicinity  of 
' lie  mountain  to  allow  for  possible  cloudy  days. 

The  Upper  Skagit  Country 

The  Upper  Skagit  River  country  offets  attractions  of  a 
different  type.  Here  is  a paradise  for  the  angler,  the 
main  rivei  and  its  tributaries  abounding  in  Dolly  Varden, 
iainbow,  and  cutthroat  trout,  which  may  be  taken  in 
8 ason. 

Ruby  Creek  and  its  headwaters  near  the  summit  of  the 
Cascades  is  a mineralized  district,  a storied  land  of  early  I 
placer  discoveries,  lost  mines,  and  mythical  veins.  It  I 
>ntains  the  ruins  of  many  abandoned  camps,  water- 


A Monnta\  7 


^ama  Park.  Thei 
y to  Heisler  Rancl 
ich  point  Mazam 
listant  1 6 miles  b 

ist  side  of  Mour 
s accessible  froi 
, but  owing  to  th 
ance  by  trail,  fev 
iscend  from  th: 

Lake,  which  ha  - 
;st  sockeye  salmo: 
in  the  Unite 
s 17  miles  abov 
. Across  it  on  £ 
evening  is  cast 
keness  of  the  great 
i. 

aker  Hot  Spring, 
erranean  depths  ( 

of  1120  F.  Th: 
of  great  trees  an  i 


inker 


ation  Land 


has  been  improved  by  the  construction  of  an  open  ] 
swimming  pool. 

There  are  at  present  no  commercial  organizations  I 
andling  the  tourist  business  to  Mount  Baker.  Pack  1 
orses  are  available  to  make  any  of  the  trips  above  men-  1 
med,  but  persons  contemplating  them  would  do  well 
> make  inquiries  in  advance. 

Only  experienced  mountaineers  should  attempt  to  j 
ach  the  summit  of  Mount  Baker  without  a guide.  The  j 
imb  from  Mazama  Park  is  not  a hard  one,  and  mixed  j 
parties  of  25  or  30  have  made  the  ascent.  Guides  can  be  j 
cured  at  Deming,  Glacier,  or  Concrete,  and  would-be  1 


T able  Mountain,  at  the  gateway  of  the  Chain  Lakes  region,  is  a striking  formation 

climbers  should  plan  to  spend  a week  in  the  vicinity  0 


1 e mountain  to  allow  for  possible  cloudv  days. 


The  Upper  Skagit  Country 


The  Upper  Skagit  River  country  offers  attractions  of  a 
Afferent  type.  Here  is  a paradise  for  the  angler,  the 
main  river  and  its  tributaries  abounding  in  Dolly  Varden, 
linbow,  and  cutthroat  trout,  which  may  be  taken  in 
^ason. 

Ruby  Creek  and  its  headwaters  near  the  summit  of  the 
rseades  is  a mineralized  district,  a storied  land  of  early  1 
lacer  discoveries,  lost  mines,  and  mythical  veins.  It 
>ntains  the  ruins  of  manv  abandoned  camps,  water- 


Washington 


works,  and  stamp  mills,  while  the  mountain  side  is 
pierced  by  frequent  tunnels.  Future  transportation 
may  bring  to  this  district  another  season  of  prosperity. 

The  mountain  meadows  along  the  summit  of  the 
Cascade  Range  present  a broad  expanse  of  rolling  grass- 
land dotted  with  timber  clumps,  easily  traveled  on  horse- 
back, and  a charming  spot  in  which  to  spend  a fall 
vacation.  It  is  a lich  grazing  ground  for  several  bands 
of  sheep  which  graze  under  Forest  Service  regulation, 
coming  in  from  the  east  side  of  the  mountains. 

The  Upper  Skagit  River 
country  is  reached  over  the 
county  road  coming  up  the 
Skagit  Valley  from  Sedro- 
Woolley,  and  an  automobi! 
can  proceed  to  a point  io 
miles  above  Marblemount  ; 
or  visitors  may  come  on  the 
Rockport  Branch  of  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad 
to  Rockport,  where  there  is 
a hotel,  and  from  which  a 
stage  line  runs  to  the  end  of 
the  road.  Pack  horses  can 
be  obtained  at  Marblemount, 
where  there  are  two  hotels. 
There  are  road  houses  farther  up  the  river  at  the  mouths 
of  Bacon,  Goodell,  Stetattle  and  Ruby  Creeks,  where 
meals  and  lodging  can  be  obtained. 

From  the  end  of  the  wagon  road  to  the  mouth  of 
Ruby  Creek  tourists  must  traverse  the  “Goat  Trail,”  so 
named  after  the  manner  in  which  it  skirts  the  face  of  the 
cliffs  high  up  on  the  mountain  side,  with  the  foaming- 
waters  racing  through  the  chasm  below.  At  the  Devils 
Elbow  a notch  has  been  blasted  out  of  the  solid  face  of 
the  rock. 


The  foaming  waters  race  through  the 
chasm  below 


National  Fores 


Just  below 
of  less  than 
high,  througl 
the  water  sur 
a great  rocl 
pool. 

The  best  fi 
found  in  th 
river,  Big 
Creek  b e 1 o 
falls,  Eigt 
Creek,  Devih 
disciple  of  Iz 
the  legal  limi 

The  valley 
Ruby  Creek, 
places  along  t 
is  well  worth 
of  the  valley 
peaks  which 

All  the  mrc 
signboards  t( 
secting  poin 
been  thrown 
along  the  m i 


Lakes 


tions  are  mar 
Fakes,  lying 
san  by  trai 


Five 


Washington  J&alional  Fores l 


works,  and  stamp  mills,  while  the  mountain  side  is 
pierced  by  frequent  tunnels.  Future  transportation 
may  bring  to  this  district  another  season  of  prosperity. 

The  mountain  meadows  along  the  summit  of  the 
Cascade  Range  present  a broad  expanse  of  rolling  grass- 
land dotted  with  timber  clumps,  easily  traveled  on  horse- 
back, and  a charming  spot  in  which  to  spend  a fall 
vacation.  It  is  a lich  grazing  ground  for  several  bands 
of  sheep  which  graze  under  Forest  Service  regulation, 
coming  in  from  the  east  side  of  the  mountains. 

The  Upper  Skagit  River 
country  is  reached  over  the 
county  road  coming  up  the 
Skagit  Valley  from  Sedro- 
Woolley,  and  an  automobile— — 
can  proceed  to  a point  io 
miles  above  Marblemount  ; 
or  visitors  may  come  on  the 
Rockport  Branch  of  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad 
to  Rockport,  where  there  is 
a hotel,  and  from  which  a 
stage  line  runs  to  the  end  of 
the  road.  Pack  horses  cap 
be  obtained  at  Marblemount, 
where  there  are  two  hotels. 
There  are  road  houses  farther  up  the  river  at  the  mouths 
of  Bacon,  Goodell,  Stetattle  and  Ruby  Creeks,  where 
meals  and  lodging  can  be  obtained. 

From  the  end  of  the  wagon  road  to  the  mouth  of 
Ruby  Creek  tourists  must  traverse  the  “Goat  Trail,”  so 
named  after  the  manner  in  which  it  skirts  the  face  of  the 
cliffs  high  up  on  the  mountain  side,  with  the  foaming^--, 
waters  racing  through  the  chasm  below.  At  the  Devils 
Elbow  a notch  has  been  blasted  out  of  the  solid  face  of 
the  rock. 


The  foaming  waters  race  through  the 
chasm  below 


Just  below  Ruby  Creek  the  canyon  narrows  to  a width 
of  less  than  io  feet,  with  overhanging  walls  150  feet 
high,  through  which 
the  water  surges  into 
a great  rock -walled 
pool. 

The  best  fishing  is 
found  in  the  main 
river,  Big  Beaver 
Creek  below  the 

Thunder  Creek  suspension  bridge 

falls,  Eightning 

Creek,  Devils  Creek,  and  Ruby  Creek,  and  he  is  a poor 
disciple  of  Izaak  Walton  indeed  who  can  not  bring  home 
the  legal  limit. 

The  valley  of  the  Skagit  is  comparatively  wide  above 
Ruby  Creek,  and  there  are  many  delightful  camping 
places  along  t he  river.  A trip  to  J ack  Mountain  Meadows 
is  well  worth  while,  for  it  commands  a magnificent  view 
of  the  valley  and  the  barrier  of  rocky  and  snow-capped 
peaks  which  lem  it  in. 

All  the  main  watersheds  are  traversed  by  trails  with 
signboards  to  indicate  the  distance  traveled  and  inter- 
secting points  of  interest.  Substantial  bridges  have 
been  thrown  across  the  laiger  streams.  At  intervals 
along  the  main  trails  camping  shelters  have  been  built 

to  accommodate 

■r>  • mi 

from  6 to  12  peo- 
ple, equipped  with 
fireplaces,  tables, 
and  with  running 
water  nearby. 

Nestling  in  the 
folds  of  the  moun- 
tains at  high  eleva- 
tions are  many  tiny  lakes  fringed  with  alpine  firs.  Twin 
Lakes,  lying  in  Twin  Lakes  Pass,  7 miles  from  Shuk- 
san  by  trail,  surrounded  by  grassy  meadows  and 


Lakes  - ringed  with  alpine  firs 


Five 


commanding  a wonderful  view  of  tl 
country,  have  most  delightful  camping 
shores. 


Typical  mountain  goat  country.  This  “ stairway  ” has  been 
highway  over  the  mountain.  T he  path  worn  by  the  goats  is  ft 

Wild  Life 

The  Washington  Forest  abounds  in  wil 
the  larger  animals  are  the  cougar,  wi 
black-tailed  deer,  black  bear,  and  mount 

life  is 
the 
groust 
groust 
ptarrr 
ospre; 
and  b 
chief  I 
mals 
marte 
and 

Streams  are  found  Dolly  Varden  or  bull  t 
trout,  rainbow  trout,  and  in  the  smalle 
a variety  of  the  rainbow  known  as  the 


m 


Ruffed  grouse 


The  Washington  National  Forest  covers  one  million  four  hundred  and  ninety  thousand 
acres  lying  on  the  west  slope  of  the  Cascade  Mountains  overlooking  Puget  Sound  directly  south 
of  the  international  boundary  in  northwestern  Washington. 


Sever i 


The  freedom  of  the  mountains  and  the  wilderness,  good  hunting  and  fishing,  and  pleas- 
ant camping  places  make  the  Washington  National  Forest  ideal  country  for  a vacation.  Go 
where  you  like  and  stay  as  long  as  you  please.  Be  careful  with  fire. 


A Mount 


acation  Land 


Wild  Life 


commanding  a wonderful  view  of  the  surround' 
country,  have  most  delightful  camping  places  on  th 
shores. 


Typical  mountain  goat  country.  This  “stairway"  has  been  used  for  centuries  l 
highway  over  the  mountain.  The  path  worn  by  the  goats  isfrm  to  to  12  feetwidc 


The  Washington  Forest  abounds  in  wild  life.  Amo 
the  larger  animals  are  the  cougar,  wildcat,  marmot 
black-tailed  deer,  black  bear,  and  mountain  goat.  Bin 

life  is  represented  b ' 
the  sooty  or  blu 
grouse,  Oregon  ruff  m 
grouse,  white-tail  < 
ptarmigan,  America  t 
osprey,  golden  eag  e 
and  bald  eagle.  Th< 
chief  1 ur-bearing  ai  1 
mals  are  beaver 
p _ . marten,  lynx,  fisher 

Ruffed  grouse 

and  otter.  In  t!.< 
streams  are  found  Dolly  Varden  or  bull  trout,  cutthroa 
trout,  rainbow  trout,  and  in  the  smaller  clear  stream 
a \ariety  of  the  rainbow  known  as  the  black-spottt  ■ 


trout.  In  addition  to  these  native  fish,  Lake  Chelan 
trout  have  been  planted  in  some  of  the  smaller  lakes. 

That  portion  of  Whatcom  County  inside  the  Washing- 
ton Forest  has  been  set  aside  as  a game  preserve  in 
which  the  hunting  of  game 
animals,  i.  e.,  bear,  deer,  and 
mountain  goat,  is  prohibited 
for  a period  of  five  years, 
ending  September  i,  1924. 

However,  the  State  game 
'aws  do  not  prohibit  hunting 
with  a camera. 


Shorter  Fishing  Trips 


Mountain  goat 


The  Washington  Forest 
offers  many  opportunities  for 
short  fishing  trips.  The  South 
Fork  of  the  Nooksack  is  a particularly  favored  spot  for 
a 5 -day  outing.  This  trip  should  be  made  by  way  of 
Deming. 

The  mouth  of  Illabot  Creek  is  reached  by  automobile, 
after  crossing  the  Skagit  River  at  Rockport,  and  there 
is  fine  sport  here,  as  well  as  in  Illabot  Lake  10  miles  up- 
■ tream. 


A typical  mountain  lake 


There  is  fairly  good  fishing  in  Finney  Creek,  which 
may  be  reached  from  Sauk  over  a 5-mile  trail. 
ght 


A Mount 


e surround'. 
places  on  th 


used  for  centuries  . 
)m  io  to  12  feet  wide 


d life.  Amo 
dcat,  marm  > 
lin  goat.  Bird 
represented  : 
sooty  or  bl 
i,  Oregon  ruff 
:,  white-tail 
igan,  America  n 
r,  golden  eag 
aid  eagle.  T 
ur-bearing  ai 
are  beave 
n,  lynx,  fisL 
)tter.  In  t 
rout,  cutthrc 
r clear  strear 
black-spot  t 


ication  Land 


trout.  In  addition  to  these  native  fish,  Lake  Chelan 
trout  have  been  planted  in  some  of  the  smaller  lakes. 

That  portion  of  Whatcom  County  inside  the  Washing- 
ton Forest  has  been  set  aside  as  a game  preserve  in 
which  the  hunting  of  game 
mimals,  i.  e.,  bear,  deer,  and 
nountain  goat,  is  prohibited 
.‘or  a period  of  five  years, 
mding  September  i,  1924. 

However,  the  State  game 
aws  do  not  prohibit  hunting 
vith  a camera. 

Shorter  Fishing  Trips 

The  Washington  Forest 
)ffers  many  opportunities  for 

. ...  Mountain  goat 

;hort  fishing  trips.  The  South 

Fork  of  the  Nooksack  is  a particularly  favored  spot  for 
1 5-day  outing.  This  trip  should  be  made  by  way  of 
Oeming. 

The  mouth  of  Illabot  Creek  is  reached  by  automobile, 
after  crossing  the  Skagit  River  at  Rockport,  and  there 
3 fine  sport  here,  as  well  as  in  Illabot  Lake  10  miles  up- 
tream. 


A typical  mountain  lake 


There  is  fairly  good  fishing  in  Finney  Creek,  which 
nay  be  reached  from  Sauk  over  a 5-mile  trail. 

ht 


Fishing  within  the  main  Skagit  Ri 
ries  below  Goodell  Creek  is  not  good. 


Dolly  Varden  and  rainbow  trout 
found  in  Baker  Lake,  but  on  the  w 

s ■- mm 


Camping  party  in  the  Upper  Skagit  R 


his  watershed,  owing  to  glacial  wa 
itrong  attraction  to  the  angler. 

The  Suiattle  River  and  its  tribu 
itreams  very  little  fished  owing  to  t 
ing  across  the  Sauk  River.  The  F 
owboat  here,  and  frequently  arrange 
vith  forest  officers  for  a crossing. 


i Park  Creek  Pass — a mighty  notch,  with  Storm  King 


on  either  side 

Fishing  in  the  North  Fork  of  th* 
ributaries  east  of  Glacier  is  not  so  g< 
Itreams  here  are  being  stocked  and  w 
fears. 


Keep  the  Forest 

The  Washington  National  Forest 
ber  reservoir.  It  holds  a portion  < 
which,  because  of  remoteness,  has  1 
yet.  At  present  its  recreational  re 
greatest  interest  to  the  average  citizi 
come  and  enjoy  that  resource  to  t 
same  time  he  is  cautioned  to  be  care 
There  has  been  no  devastating  bla 
Each  year  sees  the  forest  greener  tha 
small  part  of  this  favorable  cond 
cooperation  of  the  public.  Such  c< 
ciated.  Forest  field  officers  will  gl 
all  assistance  compatible  with  the  \ 
duties,  and  they  hope  that  visitors 
the  burden  of  those  duties  as  much  a 
fire  season  by  thoughtfulness  in  th 
which  go  to  prevent  the  escape  of 
for  the  camper  is : 


LEAVE  A DEAD  FIRE  AND 


Washington  National  Forest 


Fishing  within  the  main  Skagit  River  and  its  tributa- 
ries below  Goodell  Creek  is  not  good. 

Dolly  Varden  and  rainbow  trout  and  whitefish  are 
found  in  Baker  Lake,  but  on  the  whole  the  streams  in 


Camping  party  in  the  Upper  Skagit  River  country 


this  watershed,  owing  to  glacial  water,  do  not  offer  a 
strong  attraction  to  the  angler. 

The  Suiattle  River  and  its  tributaries  are  splendid 
streams  very  little  fished  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  get- 
ting across  the  Sauk  River.  The  Forest  Service  has  a 
rowboat  here,  and  frequently  arrangements  can  be  made 
with  forest  officers  for  a crossing. 


Park  Creek  Pass — a mighty  notch,  with  Storm  King  and  Logan  Peak  towering 
on  either  side 

Fishing  in  the  North  Fork  of  the  Nooksack  and  its 
tributaries  east  of  Glacier  is  not  so  good.  However,  the 
streams  here  are  being  stocked  and  will  be  right  in  a few 
years. 


The  Mountain  Portals 


Along  the  summit  of  the  Cascades  are  many  picturesque 
mountain  passes,  the  gateways  into  western  Washington. 

By  far  the  most  striking  is  Park  Creek  Pass,  at  the 
"head  of  Thunder  Creek,  resembling  a great  notch  cut  by 
the  hand  of  a giant,  with  Storm  King  and  Logan  Peak 
towering  aloft  on  either  side. 

The  Lake  Chelan  country  may  also  be  reached  by  way 
of  Cascade  Pass,  which  is  the  most  direct  route.  Persons 
desiring  to  make  this  trip  can 
secure  provisions  at  Rock- 
port  and  comfortably  make 
the  journey  on  foot  from 
Marblemount  to  Lake  Chelan 
in  four  days.  Lo;;t  Lake 
basin  just  beyond  Cascade 
Pass  is  a formatior  of  fas- 
cinating beauty. 

The  longest  intern  lountain 
journey  through  the  Wash- 
ington Forest,  however,  is 
by  way  of  Slate  Creek  Pass 

Mirror.  Lake 

at  the  head  of  Rub/  Creek, 

'^Tvhich  leads  into  the  Okanogan  Valley  country.  Here 
the  tourist  is  well  repaid  for  his  time  and  energy,  as 
the  route  passes  thiough  the  Skagit  River  canyon  and 
through  a mountain  meadow  country  of  unsurpassing 
beauty. 

The  trails  leading  to  all  these  passes  are  in  first-class 
condition,  but  they  are  usually  free  from  snow  on  the 
summit  only  between  July  i and  October  31.  Late 
seasons  are  frequent , however,  and  tourists  will  do  well 
To  secure  definite  information  from  the  forest  supervisor 
before  undertaking  an  intermountain  trip  early  in  July 
or  late  in  October. 


Nine 


A Mounta 


ation  Land 


Keep  the  Forest  Green 

The  Washington  National  Forest  is  essentially  a ti: 
her  reservoir.  It  holds  a portion  of  the  future  supf 
which,  because  of  remoteness,  has  been  little  logged  a 
yet.  At  present  its  recreational  resource  is  perhaps  • 
greatest  interest  to  the  average  citizen,  who  is  invited 
come  and  enjoy  that  resource  to  the  utmost.  At  t 
same  time  he  is  cautioned  to  be  careful  always  with  fi 
There  has  been  no  devastating  blaze  for  a long  tin 
Each  year  sees  the  forest  greener  than  it  was  before.  ] 
small  part  of  this  favorable  condition  is  due  to  t 
cooperation  of  the  public.  Such  cooperation  is  app n 
ciated.  Forest  field  officers  will  gladly  render  touri 
all  assistance  compatible  with  the  performance  of  the 
duties,  and  they  hope  that  visitors  will  in  turn  light; 
the  burden  of  those  duties  as  much  as  possible  during  th 
fire  season  by  thoughtfulness  in  tin  many  little  thin, 
which  go  to  prevent  the  escape  of  fire.  A good  mot  > 
for  the  camper  is : 


LEAVE  A DEAD  FIRE  AND  A CLEAN  CAM] 


" The  woods  wereGod’s  first  temples.  " Tiny  crosses 
tip  the  points  of  spired  alpine  firs 


ADDI1  1 • < OPIES 

OK  THIS  PUBLICATION  . ' BE  PROCURED  FROM 
THE  SUPERINT1..M  . OF  DOCUMENTS 
GOVERNMEi,.  !'  :\'TtNG  OFFICE 
WASIUN-;  •'  , D.  C. 


5 CENTS 


U COPY 


A Mounta  ation  Land 


Gxreen 

is  essentially  a tii 
)f  the  future  supp 
oeen  little  logged 
source  is  perhaps 
sn,  who  is  invited 
he  utmost.  At  t 
■ful  always  with  fi 
,ze  for  a long  tin 
n it  was  before.  I 
Eon  is  due  to  t 
[)operation  is  app 
adly  render  touri 
)erformance  of  the 
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UNITED  STATES  GRADES  FOR 
MILLED  RICE 

RECOMMENDED  BY  THE  UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT 
OF  AGRICULTURE 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  NO.  133 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Markets 

GEORGE  LIVINGSTON,  Chief 


GRAIN  DIVISION 
H.  J.  Besley,  In  Charge 

E.  G.  Boerner,  In  Charge,  Grain  Investigations 
W.  D.  Smith,  Grain  Supervisor,  Rice  Project 


Washington,  D.  C. 


August,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  t 1920 


ADDITIONAL  COPIES 
OF  THIS  PUBLICATION  MAY  BE  PROCURED  FROM 
THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

AT 

5 CENTS  PER  COPY 

V 


UNITED  STATES  GRADES  FOR  MILLED  RICE. 

Recommended  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.1 

The  following  grades  for  the  grading  and  marketing  of  milled  rice 
are  recommended  by  the  Bureau  of  Markets  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

In  September,  1918,  permissive  standards  for  milled  rice  were 
published  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  (Markets  Document  15) 
and  adopted  by  the  United  States  Food  Administration  and  by 
boards  of  trade  and  other  agencies  engaged  in  the  handling  of  milled 
rice.  Certain  changes  were  made  in  these  permissive  standards  as 
the  result  of  the  department’s  observation  and  experience  with  them, 
and  the  revised  grades  were  published  in  tentative  form  as  the  basis 
of  proposed  standards  to  be  established  under  the  United  States 
grain  standards  Act  as  the  official  grain  standards  of  the  United  States 
for  milled  rice.  Hearings  were  held  at  convenient  points  to  the  prin- 
cipal rice  producing  and  distributing  sections,  at  which  the  comments 
and  criticisms  of  rice  producers,  millers,  merchants,  warehousemen, 
carriers,  and  others  interested  were  received.  All  criticisms  and  sug- 
gestions at  the  hearings  and  through  written  communications  have 
had  careful  consideration. 

The  grades  here  recommended  are  the  result  of  extensive  investi- 
gations relating  to  the  various  phases  of  the  rice  industry  conducted 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  of  the  observations  and  experience 
of  the  department  with  the  permissive  standards  published  hi  Sep- 
tember, 1918,  and  the  suggestions  received  by  the  department  at  the 
hearings  referred  to  above. 

The  classification  in  the  standards  is  based  on  the  length  of  whole 
kernels  for  classes  I,  II,  III,  and  IV,  and  on  size  of  broken  kernels 
for  classes  V,  VI,  and  VII.  For  the  purposes  of  a general  classifica- 
tion the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  has  heretofore  referred  to  the  different  varieties  as  long- 
grain,  medium-grain,  and  short-grain,  and  has  used  these  terms  in 
its  publications  dealing  with  rice  culture  and  production.  At  the 
hearings  mentioned  above,  the  trade  objected  to  the  class  name 
Medium  as  applied  to  the  translucent  type  of  the  variety  known 
commercially  as  Early  Prolific  and  the  varieties  known  commercially 
as  Blue  Rose  and  Louisiana  Pearl,  and  to  the  class  name  Medium- 
opaque  as  applied  to  the  opaque  type  of  the  variety  known  commer- 
cially as  Early  Prolific,  for  the  reason  that  the  word  “ medium”  is 

1 These  standards  embody  the  recommendations  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  but 
are  not  fixed  and  established  at  this  time  under  the  United  States  grain  standards  Act  because  of  a 
lack  of  funds  for  their  paoper  enforcement  as  compulsory  standards. 

3843°— 20 


3 


4 Department  Circular  133,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

now  used  in  commercial  terminology  as  a grade  name  and  denotes  an 
inferior  grade  of  rice.  It  was  suggested  by  the  trade  that  the  class 
name  Short  be  used  to  apply  to  the  varieties  known  commercially  as 
Blue  Bose,  Louisiana  Pearl,  and  Early  Prolific,  and  that  the  class 
name  Bound  be  used  to  apply  to  the  varieties  known  commercially  as 
Japan  or  Japanese,  and  it  is  felt  that  they  more  nearly  conform  to 
commercial  needs  and  should  be  adopted. 

These  grades  are  not  fixed  and  established  under  the  United  States 
grain  standards  Act  at  this  time,  but  it  is  hoped  that  they  will  be 
adopted  by  all  agencies  engaged  in  the  handling  of  milled  rice.  It 
is  believed  that  with  the  voluntary  and  general  support  of  all  inter- 
ested parties  these  standards  will  assist  very  materially  in  the  mar- 
keting of  milled  rice. 

UNITED  STATES  GRADES  FOR  MILLED  RICE. 

For  the  purposes  of  the  United  States  grades  for  milled  rice: 

Section  1.  Milled  rice. — Milled  rice  shall  be  vrhole  or  broken  ker- 
nels of  rice  grown  in  continental  United  States,  from  which  the  hulls, 
germs,  and  practically  all  of  the  bran  layers  have  been  removed, 
which  may  be  either  coated  or  uncoated,  and  which  shall  contain 
not  more  than  ten  per  centum  of  seeds,  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  other  foreign  material,  either  singly  or  in  any  combination. 

Section  2.  Basis  of  determinations  .—Each  determination  of  paddy 
grains,  other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  other  foreign  material,  heat-damaged 
kernels,  temperature,  odor,  live  weevils  or  other  insects  injurious  to 
stored  rice,  color,  coating,  and  moisture  shall  be  made  on  the  basis 
of  the  grain  including  foreign  material.  All  other  determinations 
shall  be  made  on  the  basis  of  the  grain  when  free  from  foreign 
material. 

Section  3.  Percentages. — Percentages,  except  in  the  case  of  mois- 
ture, shall  be  percentages  ascertained  by  weight. 

Section  4.  Percentage  of  moisture. — Percentage  of  moisture  shall 
be  that  ascertained  by  the  moisture  tester  and  the  method  of  use 
thereof  described  in  Circular  No.  72,  and  supplement  thereto,  issued 
by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry,  except  that  the  flask  to  be  used  shall  be  the  double-walled 
flask  described  in  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
Bulletin  No.  56,  or  that  ascertained  by  any  device  and  method  giving 
equivalent  results. 

Section  5.  (a)  No.  5\  sieve. — A metal  sieve  perforated  with  round 
holes  5^  sixty-fourths  inch  in  diameter. 

(b)  No.  6 sieve. — A metal  sieve  perforated  with  round  holes  6 
sixty-fourths  inch  in  diameter. 

M No.  6%  sieve . — A metal  sieve  perforated  with  round  holes  6J 
sixty-fourths  inch  in  diameter. 

Section  6.  Coated  rice. — Coated  rice  shall  be  rice  which  has  been 
coated  with  glucose  and  talc  or  any  other  substance.  Coated  rice 
shall  be  graded  and  designated  according  to  the  grade  requirements 
of  the  standards  applicable  to  such  rice  if  it  were  not  coated,  and 
there  shall  be  added  to  and  made  a part  of  such  grade  designation 
the  word  “coated.”  & & 


United  States  Grades  for  Milled  Rice. 


5 

Section  7.  Damaged  kernels—  Damaged  kernels  shall  be  kernels 
and  pieces  of  kernels  of  milled  rice  which  have  been  distinctly  dam- 
aged by  water,  insects,  or  by  any  other  means.  Sound  double  and 
sound  broken  kernels  shall  not  be  considered  damaged  kernels. 

Section  8.  Heat-damaged  kernels. — Heat-damaged  kernels  shall  be 
kernels  and  pieces  of  kernels  of  milled  rice  which  have  been  distinctly 
discolored  by  external  heat  or  as  a result  of  heating  caused  by  fer- 
mentation. 

Section  9.  Foreign  material—  Foreign  material  shall  be  paddy 
grains  and  any  matter  other  than  rice. 

Section  10.  Cereal  grains. — Cereal  grains  shall  be  paddy  grains 
(rough  rice),  rye,  barley,  emmer,  spelt,  einkorn,  corn,  grain  sorghums, 
oats,  and  wheat  only,  and  shall  not  include  buckwheat,  flaxseed,  and 
wild  oats. 

Section  11.  Paddy  grains—  Paddy  grains  shall  be  grains  of  rice 
from  which  the  hulls  have  not  been  removed. 

Section  12.  Seeds. — Seeds  shall  be  grains,  kernels,  or  seeds,  either 
whole  or  broken,  of  any  plant  other  than  rice  or  other  cereal  grains. 

Section  13.  Red  rice. — Red  rice  shall  be  kernels  or  pieces  of  kernels 
of  milled  rice  which  are  distinctly  red  in  color  or  have  any  red  bran 
thereon. 

Section  14.  Whole  kernels. — Whole  kernels  shall  include  perfect 
kernels  of  milled  rice  and  pieces  of  kernels  of  milled  rice  which  are 
not  split  and  which  in  length  are  equal  to  or  greater  than  three- 
fourths  of  the  length  of  the  perfect  kernel. 

Section  15.  Broken  kernels. — Broken  kernels  shall  be  split  kernels 
of  milled  rice,  and  pieces  of  kernels  which  are  less  than  three-fourths 
of  the  length  of  the  perfect  kernel. 

Section  16.  Chalky  kernels. — Chalky  kernels  shall  be  kernels  and 
pieces  of  kernels  of  milled  rice,  one-half  or  more  of  which  is  chalky. 

CLASSES  OF  MILLED  RICE. 

Section  17.  Milled  rice  shall  be  divided  into  classes  as  follows: 


Class  I.  Long. 

This  class  shall  include  all  long-grain  rices,  such  as  those  known 
commercially  as  Honduras,  Carolina  Gold,  Carolina  White,  and  Edith, 
which  contain  more  than  twenty-five  per  centum  of  whole  kernels  and 
not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole  kernels  of  rice  of  the  classes 
Short  and  Round,  either  singly  or  combined. 

Class  II.  Short. 

This  class  shall  include  all  short-grain  rices,  such  as  those  known 
commercially  as  Blue  Rose,  Louisiana  Pearl,  and  Early  Prolific, 
which  contain  more  than  twenty-five  per  centum  of  whole  kernels 
and  not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole  kernels  of  the  classes 
Long  and  Round,  either  singly  or  combined. 


6 Department  Circular  133,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Class  III.  Round. 

This  class  shall  include  all  round-grain  rices,  such  as  those  known 
commercially  as  Japan  or  Japanese,  including  Wataribune,  Shinriki 
"1564”  (Butte),1  “1600”  (Colusa),1  and  Onsen,  which  contain  more 
than  twenty-five  per  centum  of  whole  kernels  and  not  more  than 
four  per  centum  of  whole  kernels  of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and 
Short,  either  singly  or  combined. 

Class  IV.  Mixed. 

This  class  shall  be  a mixture  of  any  two  or  more  of  classes  I,  II, 
and  III,  but  which  does  not  meet  the  requirements  of  any  one  of 
such  classes. 

Class  V.  Second  Head. 

This  class  shall  consist  of  milled  rice  which  contains  not  more 
than  twenty-five  per  centum  of  whole  kernels,  not  more  than  forty 
per  centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a 
No.  6^  sieve,  and  not  more  than  ten  per  centum  of  broken  kernels 
which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 sieve. 

Class  VI.  Screenings. 

This  class  shall  consist  of  milled  rice  which  contains  not  more 
than  twenty-five  per  centum  of  whole  kernels,  which  does  not  meet 
the  requirements  of  size  separations  specified  for  the  class  Second 
Head,  and  which  contains  not  more  than  fifteen  per  centum  of  broken 
kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  5£  sieve. 

Class  VII.  Brewers. 

This  class  shall  consist  of  milled  rice  which  contains  not  more 
than  twenty-five  per  centum  of  whole  kernels  and  contains  more 
than  fifteen  per  centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily 
through  a No.  5i  sieve. 


GRADE  REQUIREMENTS. 


Long  Milled  Rice. 


Section  18.  Grades  for  Long  Milled  Rice. — The  class  Long  shall 
be  divided  into  five  grades,  the  designations  and  requirements  of 
which  shall  be  as  specified  in  this  section. 

Extra  Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  Long 

(a)  shall  be  well  milled, 

(b)  shall  be  white  or  creamy, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of  one  per  centum  of 

chalky  kernels, 

(d)  shall  contain  ninety  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  kernels, 

but  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of  one  per 
centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through 
a No.  6 sieve, 


i The  varieties  C . 1. 1564  and  C l.  1600  were  named  Butte  and  Colusa,  respectively,  by  the  Office  of  Cereal 
investigations,  Bureau  of  1 lant  Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  May,  1920. 


United  States  Grades  for  Milled  Rice. 


7 


( e ) may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  three  paddy  grains, 
other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  three  may  include  not 
more  than  either  one  heat-damaged  kernel  or  one  seed, 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of  one  per  centum  of 
damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  combined, 

(g)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  per  centum  of  whole  kernels 

of  rice  of  the  classes  Short  and  Round,  either  singly  or 
combined, 

(h)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 

foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(?’)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per  centum 
of  moisture. 

Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  2)  Long 

(a)  shall  be  well  milled, 

( b ) shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five- tenths  per  centum 

of  chalky  kernels, 

(d)  shall  contain  eighty-five  per  centum  or  more  of  whole 

kernels,  but  may  contain  not  more  than  one  per  centum 
of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 
sieve, 

( e ) may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  eight  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  eight  may  include  not 
more  than  four  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds,  either 
singly  or  combined, 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five-tenths  per  centum 
of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  com- 
bined, 

( g ) may  contain  not  more  than  two  per  centum  of  whole  ker- 
nels of  rice  of  the  classes  Short  and  Round,  either  singly 
or  combined, 

Qi)  may  contain  not  more  than  one- tenth  of  one  per  centum 
of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(i)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 

centum  of  moisture. 

Choice  (U.  S.  No.  3)  Long 

(a)  shall  be  reasonably  well  milled, 

( b ) shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish,  and  may  be  slightly  rosy, 

( c ) may  contain  not  more  than  three  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels, 

id)  shall  contain  seventy-five  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  ker- 
nels, but  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five-tenths 
per  centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily 
through  a No.  6 sieve, 

( c ) may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  eighteen  paddy  grains, 
other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  eighteen  may  include 
not  more  than  ten  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds,  either 
singly  or  combined, 


8 Department  Circular  133,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

# 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  two  and  five-tenths  per  centum 
of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  com- 
bined, 

(g)  may  contain  not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole 
kernels  of  rice  of  the  classes  Short  and  Round,  either 
singly  or  combined, 

Qi)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 
of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(i)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 
centum  of  moisture. 

Medium  (U.  S.  No.  4)  Long 

(a)  may  be  any  color  except  of  badly  damaged  or  extremely 

red, 

(b)  may  contain  not  more  than  six  per  centum  of  chalky  ker- 

nels, 

(c)  shall  contain  sixty-five  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  ker- 

nels, but  may  contain  not  more  than  three  per  centum 
of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No. 
6 sieve, 

(d)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  forty  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels 
in  five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  forty  may  include 
not  more  than  twenty-four  heat-damaged  kernels  and 
seeds,  either  singly  or  combined, 

( e ) may  contain  not  more  than  five  per  centum  of  damaged 

kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  combined, 

(f)  may  contain  not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole 

kernels  of  rice  of  the  classes  Short  and  Round,  either 
singly  or  combined, 

(g)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 

of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

Qi)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 
centum  of  moisture. 

Sample  Grade  Long 

shall  be  milled  rice  of  the  class  Long  which  does  not  come 
within  the  requirements  of  any  of  the  grades  from  Ext:a 
Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  to  Medium  (U.  S.  No.  4),  inclusive,  or 
which  has  any  commercially  objectionable  foreign  odor, 
or  is  musty,  or  sour,  or  is  heating,  hot,  infested  with  weevils 
or  other  insects  injurious  to  stored  rice,  or  is  otherwise  of 
distinctly  low  quality. 

Short  Milled  Rice. 

Section  19.  Grades  jor  Short  Milled  Rice . — The  class  Short  shall 
be  divided  into  five  grades,  the  designations  and  requirements  of 
which  shall  be  specified  in  this  section. 

Extra  Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  Short 

(a)  shall  be  well  milled, 

(b)  shall  be  white  or  creamy, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of  one  per  centum 

of  chalky  kernels, 


United  States  Grades  for  Milled  Rice. 


9 


id)  shall  contain  ninety-five  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  ker- 
nels, but  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of  one 
per  centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily 
through  a No.  6 sieve, 

(e)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  three  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  three  may  include 
not  more  than  either  one  heat-damaged  kernel  or  one  seed, 

(f)  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of  one  per  centum 

of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  com- 
bined, 

iff)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  per  centum  of  whole  kernels 
of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Hound,  either  singly  or 
combined, 

(h)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 

of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(i)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per  cen- 

tum of  moisture. 

Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  2)  Short 

(a)  shall  be  well  milled, 

(b)  shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five-tenths  per  centum 

of  chalky  kernels, 

id)  shall  contain  ninety  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  kernels,  but 
may  contain  not  more  than  than  one  per  centum  of  broken 
kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 sieve, 

( e ) may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  eight  paddy  grains, 
other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  eight  may  include 
not  more  than  four  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds, 
either  singly  or  combined, 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five-tenths  per  cen- 
tum of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or 
combined, 

( 9 ) may  contain  not  more  than  two  per  centum  of  whole  ker- 
nels of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Round,  either  singly 
or  combined, 

(h)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 

of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(i)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per  cen- 

tum of  moisture. 

Choice  (U.  S.  No.  3)  Short 

(a)  shall  be  reasonably  well  milled, 

(b)  shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish,  and  may  be  slightly  rosy, 

( c ) may  contain  not  more  than  three  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels, 

(d)  shall  contain  eighty  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  kernels, 

but  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five-tenths  per 
centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through 
a No.  6 sieve, 

3843°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  133,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

(e)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  eighteen  paddy  grains, 
other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  eighteen  may  include  . 
not  more  than  ten  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds, 
either  singly  or  combined, 

(J)  may  contain  "not  more  than  two  and  five-tenths  per  cen- 
tum of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or 
combined, 

(g)  may  contain  not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole  ker- 
nels of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Round,  either  singly 
or  combined, 

(Ji)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 
of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(i)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per  cen- 
tum of  moisture. 

Medium  (U.  S.  No.  4)  Short 

(а)  may  he  any  other  color  except  of  badly  damaged  or 

extremely  red, 

(б)  may  contain  not  more  than  six  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels, 

(c)  shall  contain  seventy  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  kernels, 
but  may  contain  not  more  than  three  per  centum  of 
broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 
sieve, 

id)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  forty  paddy  grains, 
other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  forty  may  include 
not  more  than  twenty-four  heat-damaged  kernels  and 
seeds,  either  singly  or  combined, 

( e ) may  contain  not  more  than  five  per  centum  of  damaged 
kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  combined, 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole 
kernels  of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Round,  either 
singly  or  combined, 

( g ) may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 

of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grams,  other 
cereal  grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(h)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 

centum  of  moisture. 

Sample  Grade  Short 

shall  be  milled  rice  of  the  class  Short  which  does  not  come 
within  the  requirements  of  any  of  the  grades  from  Extra 
Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  to  Medium  (U.  S.  No.  4),  inclusive,  or 
which  has  any  commercially  objectionable  foreign  odor,  or 
is  musty,  or  sour,  or  is  heating,  hot,  infested  with  weevils 
or  other  insects  injurious  to  stored  rice,  or  is  otherwise  of 
distinctly  low  quality. 

Round  Milled  Rice. 

Section  20.  Grades  for  Round  Milled  Rice. — The  class  Round 
shall  be  divided  into  five  grades,  the  designations  and  requirements 
of  which  shall  be  as  specified  in  this  section. 


11 


United  States  Grades  for  Milled  Rice . 

Extra  Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  Round 

(a)  shall  be  well  milled, 

(b)  shall  be  white  or  creamy, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels,  J 

(d)  shall  contain  ninety-five  per  centum  or  more  of  whole 

kernels,  but  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of 
one  per  centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass 
readdy  through  a No.  6 sieve, 

(e)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  three  paddy  grains 

other  cereal  grams,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  three  may  include 
not  more  than  either  one  heat-damaged  kernel  or  one 
seed, 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  five-tenths  of  one  per  centum 
of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  com- 
bined, 

(g)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  per  centum  of  whole 
kernels  of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Short,  either 
singly  or  combined, 

Qi)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 
of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other 
cereal  grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(i)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 
centum  of  moisture.  1 

Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  2)  Round 

(a)  shall  be  well  milled, 

(b)  shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  three  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels,  J 

(d)  shall  contain  ninety  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  kernels, 

but  may  contain  not  more  than  one  per  centum  of 
broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No  6 
sieve, 

(' e ) may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  eight  paddy  grains 
other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
live  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  eight  may  include 
not  more  than  four  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds 
either  singly  or  combined, 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five-tenths  per 
centum  of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly 
or  combined, 

(g)  may  contain  not  more  than  two  per  centum  of  whole 

kernels  of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Short,  either 
singly  or  combined, 

(h)  may  contain  not  more  then  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 

ot  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grams,  and  seeds,  and 

W may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 
centum  of  moisture. 

Choice  (U.  S.  No.  3)  Round 

(а)  shall  be  reasonably  well  milled, 

(б)  shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish,  and  may  be  slightly 


12  Department  Circular  133 , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  six  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels, 

(d)  shall  contain  eighty  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  kernels, 

but  may  contain  not  more  than  one  and  five-tenths  per 
centum  of  broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through 
a No.  6 sieve, 

(e)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  eighteen  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  eighteen  may  in- 
clude not  more  than  ten  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds, 
either  singly  or  combined, 

( f ) may  contain  not  more  than  two  and  five-tenths  per  centum 

of  damaged  kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  com- 
bined, 

(g)  may  contain  not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole  ker- 

nels of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Short,  either  singly 
or  combined, 

Qi)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 
foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

0 i ) may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per  cen- 
tum of  moisture. 

Medium  (U.  S.  No.  4)  Round 

(a)  may  be  any  color  except  of  badly  damaged  or  extremely 

red, 

(b)  may  contain  not,  more  than  ten  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels, 

( c ) shall  contain  seventy  per  centum  or  more  of  whole  kernels, 

but  may  contain  not  more  than  three  per  centum  of 
broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 
sieve, 

(d)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  forty  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  forty  may  include 
not  more  than  twenty-four  heat-damaged  kernels  and 
seeds,  either  singly  or  combined, 

( e ) may  contain  not  more  than  five  per  centum  of  damaged  . 

kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  combined, 

(f)  may  contain  not  more  than  four  per  centum  of  whole  ker- 

nels of  rice  of  the  classes  Long  and  Short,  either  singly 
or  combined, 

( g ) may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum 

of  foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

Qi)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per  cen- 
tum of  moisture. 

Sample  Grade  Round 

shall  be  milled  rice  of  the  class  Round  which  does  not  come 
within  the  requirements  of  any  of  the  grades  from  Extra 
Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  to  Medium  (U.  S.  No.  4),  inclusive,  or 
which  has  any  commercially  objectionable  foreign  odor,  or 
is  musty,  or  sour,  or  is  heating,  hot,  infested  with  weevils 
or  other  insects  injurious  to  stored  rice,  or  is  otherwise  of 
distinctly  low  quality. 


United  States  Grades  for  Milled  Rice. 


13 


Mixed  Milled  Rice. 

Section  21.  Grades  for  Mixed  Milled  Rice. — Mixed  milled  rice  shall 
be  graded  according  to  the  grade  requirements  of  the  class  of  milled 
rice  which  predominates  over  each  other  class  in  the  mixture;  the 
grade  designations  of  such  rice  shall  include  successively  in  the  order 
named,  the  name  of  the  grade  or  the  number  thereof,  the  word 
“Mixed,”  and,  in  the  order  of  its  predominance,  the  name  and  ap- 
proximate percentage  of  the  whole  kernels  of  each  class  of  rice  in  the 
mixture. 

Second  Head  Milled  Rice. 

Section  22.  Grades  for  Second  Head  Milled  Rice. — The  class  Second 
Head  shall  be  divided  into  three  grades,  the  designations  and  require- 
ments of  which  shall  be  as  specified  in  this  section. 

Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  Second  Head 

(a)  shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish, 

(b)  may  contain  not  more  than  five  per  centum  of  chalky  ker- 

nels, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  twenty-five  per  centum  of 

broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6^ 
sieve,  or  not  more  than  five  per  centum  of  broken  ker- 
nels which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 sieve, 

( d ) May  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  twenty  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  twenty  may  include 
not  more  than  sixteen  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds, 
either  singly  or  combined, 

( e ) may  contain  not  more  than  two  per  centum  of  damaged 

kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  combined, 

(f)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 

foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

( 9 ) may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 
centum  of  moisture. 

Choice  (U.  S.  No.  2)  Second  Head 

(а)  may  be  any  color  except  of  badly  damaged  or  extremely 

red, 

(б)  may  contain  not  more  than  ten  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels,  J 

(' c ) may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  fifty  paddy  grains, 
other  cereal  grains,  seeds,  and  heat-damaged  kernels  in 
five  hundred  grams,  which  total  of  fifty  may  include  not 
more  than  forty  heat-damaged  kernels  and  seeds,  either 
singly  or  combined, 

(d)  may  contain  not  more  than  six  per  centum  of  damaged 

kernels  and  red  rice,  either  singly  or  combined, 

(e)  may-  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 

foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 
centum  of  moisture. 


14  Department  Circular  133,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Sample  Grade  Second  Head 

shall  be  milled  rice  of  the  class  Second  Head  which  does  not 
come  within  the  requirements  of  grades  Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1) 
and  Choice  (U.  S.  No.  2),  or  which  has  any  commercially 
objectionable  foreign  odor,  or  is  musty,  or  sour,  or  is  heating, 
hot,  infested  with  weevils  or  other  insects  injurious  to  stored 
rice,  or  is  otherwise  of  distinctly  low  quality. 

Screenings  Milled  Rice. 

Section  23.  Grades  for  Screenings  Milled  Rice. — The  class  Screen- 
ings shall  be  divided  into  three  grades,  the  designations  and  require- 
ments of  which  shall  be  as  specified  in  this  section. 

Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  Screenings 

(a)  shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish, 

(b)  may  contain  not  more  than  ten  per  centum  of  chalky 

kernels, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  twenty-five  per  centum  of 

broken  kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 
sieve,  and  not  more  than  ten  per  centum  of  broken 
kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  5J  sieve, 

(d)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  thirty  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  and  seeds  in  five  hundred  grams, 
which  total  of  thirty  may  include  not  more  than  twenty 
seeds, 

(e)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 

foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(/)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 
centum  of  moisture. 

Choice  (U.  S.  No.  2)  Screenings 

(a)  may  be  any  color  except  of  badly  damaged  or  extremely  red, 
(Z>)  may  contain  not  more  than  fifteen  per  centum  of  chalky 
kernels, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  fifty  per  centum  of  broken 

kernels  which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  6 sieve, 
and  not  more  than  fifteen  per  centum  of  broken  kernels 
which  will  pass  readily  through  a No.  5J  sieve, 

(d)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  seventy  paddy 

grains,  other  cereal  grains,  and  seeds  in  five  hundred 
grams,  which  total  of  seventy  may  include  not  more 
than  sixty  seeds, 

(e)  may  contain  not  more  than  one-tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 

foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(f)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 

centum  of  moisture. 

Sample  Grade  Screenings 

shall  be  milled  rice  of  the  class  Screenings  which  does  not 
come  within  the  requirements  of  grades  Fancy  (U.  S. 
No.  1)  and  Choice  (U.  S.  No.  2),  or  which  has  any  com- 
mercially objectionable  foreign  odor,  or  is  musty,  or 
sour,  or  is  heating,  hot,  infested  with  weevils  or  other 
insects  injurious  to  stored  rice,  or  is  otherwise  of  distinctly 
low  quality. 


15 


United  States  Grades  for  Milled  Rice. 

Brewers  Milled  Rice. 

Section  24.  Grades  for  Brewers  Milled  Rice.— The  class  Brewers 
shall  be  divided  into  three  grades,  the  designations  and  requirements 
of  which  shall  be  as  specified  in  this  section. 

Fancy  (U.  S.  No.  1)  Brewers 

(a)  shall  be  white,  creamy,  or  grayish, 

(b)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  fifty  paddy  grains 

other  cereal  grains,  and  seeds  in  five  hundred  grams, 
which  total  of  fifty  may  include  not  more  than  forty 
seeds, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  one- tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 

foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(d)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 

centum  of  moisture.  r 

Choice  (U.  S.  No.  2)  Brewers 

(a)  may^be  any  color  except  of  badly  damaged  or  extremely 

(b)  may  contain  a total  of  not  more  than  eighty  paddy  grains, 

other  cereal  grains,  and  seeds  in  five  hundred  grams, 
which  total  of  eighty  may  include  not  more  than  seventy 
seeds, 

(c)  may  contain  not  more  than  one- tenth  of  one  per  centum  of 

foreign  material  excepting  paddy  grains,  other  cereal 
grains,  and  seeds,  and 

(d)  may  contain  not  more  than  fourteen  and  one-half  per 

centum  of  moisture. 

Sample  Grade  Brewers 

shall  be  milled  rice  of  the  class  Brewers  which  does  not  come 
within  the  requirements  of  either  of  the  grades  Fancy  (U.  S. 
No.  1)  or  Choice  (U.  S.  No.  2),  or  which  has  any  commer- 
cially objectionable  foreign  odor,  or  is  musty  or  sour,  or  is 
heating,  hot,  infested  with  weevils  or  other  insects  injurious 
to  stored  rice,  or  is  otherwise  of  distinctly  low  quality. 

FOOD  AND  DRUGS  ACT. 

Nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  as  authorizing  the  adulteration 
ot  milled  rice  by  the  addition  of  water,  by  the  admixture  of  hulls  or 
straw,  decomposed  or  damaged  kernels  of  rice,  other  grains,  or  any 
other  foreign  material,  or  otherwise,  in  violation  of  the  Food  and  Drugs 
Act  of  June  30,  1906,  nor  as  authorizing  the  coating  of  rice  or  the 
labehng  thereof  in  violation  of  that  act. 


APPENDIX. 


16  Department  Circular  133,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


o 


LIVE-STOCK  GRAZING  AS  A FACTOR 
IN  FIRE  .PROTECTION  ON  THE 
NATIONAL  FORESTS 

JOHN  H.  HATTON 

Assistant  District  Forester 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  134 


Contribution  from  the  Forest  Service 
WILLIAM  B.  GREELEY,  Forester 


Washington,  D.  C. 


September,  1920 


WASHINGTON  Z GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1920 


LIVE-STOCK  GRAZING  AS  A FACTOR  IN  FIRE  PROTEC- 
. TION  ON  THE  NATIONAL  FORESTS. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 


Purpose 3 

History 4 

Influence  of  grazing  upon  the  number 

of  fires 5 

Influence  of  grazing  on  the  intensity 
and  area  of  fires 6 


Page. 

Influence  of  grazing  on  the  intensity 


and  area  of  fires — Continued. 

Lightning  fires 6 

Driveways  and  trails 7 

Additional  persons  in  the  forests 8 

Conclusions r ll 


PURPOSE. 

Grazing  has  always  been  an  acknowledged  minor  influence  in 
fire  protection.  On  the  other  hand,  unregulated  or  uncontrolled 
grazing  is  destructive  to  Forest  interests;  and  the  injuries  from 
grazing  in  the  earlier  days  of  unrestricted  competition  far  out- 
weighed the  benefits.  The  possibility  of  planning  grazing  manage- 
ment so  as  to  afford  greater  protection  against  fire  calls  for  more 
constructive  thought  than  has  heretofore  been  given  it.  It  must  be 
recognized,  however,  that  grazing  may  be  made  a benefit  or  a draw- 
back in  National  Forest  economy — that  its  value  as  a protective 
factor  can  be  easily  overdrawn.  Great  care  must  be  taken  not  to 
destroy  more  than  we  protect.  In  recognizing  the  protective  value 
of  grazing  we  must  not  be  led  into  condoning  general  injury  to 
reproduction  or  other  resources,  which  might  be  prevented,  on  the 
ground  that  the  injury  is  more  than  compensated  by  the  reduction 
in  fire  hazard.  There  is  need,  however,  for  constructive  effort  to 
use  grazing  in  our  National  Forest  fire-protection  plans,  especially 
at  critical  points.  The  tendency  has  been  to  follow  the  easier  way 
of  grazing  a complete  unit  instead  of  concentrating  on  critical  or 
strategic  points. 

The  benefits  of  grazing  may  be  summarized  as  follows : 

(1)  Keeping  fires  from  starting. 

(2)  Keeping  fires  from  spreading. 

(3)  Rendering  fires  less  destructive. 

The  drawbacks: 

(1)  Injury  to  forest  growth. 

(2)  Injury  to  soil  and  water  conditions. 

(3)  Injury  to  range. 

4255°— 20 


3 


4 Department  Circular  13b,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture. 

It  is  purposed  here  to  call  attention  to  some  concrete  examples  of 
the  beneficial  results  in  fire  protection  of  live-stock  uses,  to  suggest 
methods  for  their  more  extensive  application,  and  to  stimulate  fuller 
thought  and  closer  observation  on  this  subject.  More  concrete  data 
are  needed  on  the  actual  application  of  the  protective  features  of 
grazing. 

HISTORY. 

In  the  year  1900,  partly  because  mountain  ranges  were  needed  to 
support  the  stock  industry  of  the  West  and  partly  because  of  the 
necessity  for  fuller  knowledge  upon  which  to  base  a definite  grazing 
policy,  the  Department  of  the  Interior  called  upon  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  to  make  a thorough  study  of  the  effect  of  grazing  upon 
the  most  important  Forest  Reserves  then  existing,  with  a special  re- 
quest'for  reports  on  the  relation  of  grazing  to  forest  fires.  Among 
the  questions  asked  of  the  examiners  were  these : 

(1)  Does  grazing  decrease  or  diminish  the  danger  from  fire? 

(2)  Do  herders  or  stockmen  set  fire  to  the  forests  to  improve 

the  range? 

(3)  What  is  the  effect  of  repeated  burning  upon  the  forest  and 

upon  the  range? 

(4)  How  long  a time  should  pass  before  burned  range  is 

grazed  again  in  the  forest  and  outside  ? 

(5)  WFat  is  the  relative  effect  of  grazing  before  and  after 

burning,  on  the  grass,  the  forest,  and  the  soil  ? 

The  investigation  for  the  most  part  showed  that  the  supposed 
setting  of  fires  by  stockmen  to  clear  or  improve  the  range  had  been 
much  overdrawn ; that  the  danger  from  this  source  and  from  care- 
lessness on  the  part  of  stockmen  had  either  disappeared  or  was  rap- 
idly disappearing;  that  burning  was  a harm  instead  of  a benefit  to 
forage  conditions ; and  that  grazing  of  different  kinds  of  stock  could 
be  allowed  in  reasonable  numbers  under  proper  regulation  without 
undue  injury  to  forest  and  water  resources.  The  reports,  also 
brought  out  very  forcibly  the  harmful  effects  of  uncontrolled  grazing 
in  the  past. 

A systematic  attempt  to  reduce  these  general  impressions  to  con- 
crete statements,  supported  by  specific  examples,  was  inaugurated  in 
the  spring  of  1912,  and  reports  were  received  that  Reason  from  120 
of  the  160  Forests  then  existing.  While  some  of  these  reports 
showed,  for  particular  situations  or  conditions,  that  grazing  had  an 
indifferent  influence,  and  a very  small  number  showed  unfavorable 
effects,  the  large  majority  were  positive  in  the  statement  that  grazing 
constituted  an  important  factor  in  fire  protection.  Many  concrete 
illustrations  were  furnished  which  strengthened  the  feeling,  already 
existing,  that,  in  the  balance  of  beneficial  and  harmful  effects,  judi- 
cious grazing  may  be  a certain  asset  in  fire  protection.  The  study  also 


Circular  134,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  I. 


A Proper  Grazing  Use  of  the  National  Forests.  Note  Cow  Trails  which  Are  Good  Fire  Lines. 

Colorado. 


Live-Stock  Grazing  Factor  in  Fire  Protection. 


5 


brought  out  the  fact  that  different  localities  presented  different 
problems  and  conditions,  requiring  different  treatment,  and  that  the 
same  results  from  grazing  did  not  necessarily  follow  in  all  places. 

INFLUENCE  OF  GRAZING  UPON  THE  NUMBER  OF  FIRES. 

Of  120  Forests  reporting  in  1912,  81  per  cent  stated  that  the 
number  of  fires  was  reduced  by  the  annual  removal  of  the  forage 
crop;  12.5  per  cent  reported  to  the  contrary;  the  remainder  made 
no  statement.  That  fires  are  reduced  in  number  by  the  annual 
removal  of  herbaceous  growth  should  be  axiomatic.  The  question  is : 
“Does  normal  grazing— the  sort  of  grazing  that  it  is  desired  to 
carry  out  on  the  Forests— count  as  a protective  influence  worthy  of 
consideration  ? ” 1 The  studies  undertaken  show  that  it  does.  By 
the  removal  of  inflammable  growth  and  the  breaking  up  of  dead  and 
down  litter,  grazing  has  an  appreciable  influence  in  decreasing  the 
number  and  spread  of  fires  and  in  increasing  the  difficulties  of  in- 
cendiarism. Kecords  compiled  from  seven  National  Forests  repre- 
senting typical  conditions  in. as  many  States  show  that  grazing 
causes  an  average  reduction  in  the  number  of  fires  of  over  60  per 
cent — the  percentages  ranging  from  a minimum  of  50  to  a maxi- 
mum of  75. 

On  the  limited  number  of  Forests  where  grazing  is  reported  to 
be  of  doubtful  advantage  in  heavy  timber,  the  reports  are  based  on 
the  scarcity  or  complete  lack  of  forage  and  the  fact  that  stock 
occupy  such  areas  very  little,  if  at  all.  The  favorable  effects  are 
especially  marked  on  areas  formerly  visited  by  destructive  fires. 
To  illustrate:  An  instance  is  given  where  five  years  of  grazing  on 
the  Deerlodge  Forest,  Mont.,  resulted  in  breaking  down  and  wearing 
out  over  50  per  cent  of  the  litter  on  a dangerous  fire-trap  area. 
Decaying  logs  which  rot  from  the  interior,  as  in  the  case  of  lodge- 
pole  pine,  have  their  outer  shells  broken  by  constant  trampling  of 
sheep,  which  thus  hastens  disintegration.  The  effects  of  cattle  graz- 
ing are  not  so  marked,  since  the  tendency  of  cattle  is  to  follow  trails 
and  to  step  over  obstacles ; but  any  kind  of  grazing  shows  positive 
results,  depending  upon  the  intensity  of  use  and  the  adaptability  of 
the  area  to  grazing.  Of  course,  grazing  can  not  be  used  under  all 
conditions.  While  75  per  cent  of  the  National  Forest  area  is  being 
used  or  is  susceptible  of  being  used  for  grazing,  and  while  96  per 
cent  of  this  area  is  clothed  with  some  form  of  inflammable  material, 
there  are  still  many  portions  of  the  Forests  on  which,  through  in- 
accessibility or  absence  of  suitable  plant  growth,  it  is  impracticable 
to  graze  stock. 

1 By  normal  grazing  is  meant  grazing  only  to  suck  an  extent  that  the  forage  crop  does 
not  decrease  from  year  to  year. 

4255°— 20 2 


6 Department  Circular  13k,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

INFLUENCE  OF  GRAZING  ON  THE  INTENSITY  AND  AREA  OF 

FIRES. 

Strictly  accurate  comparisons  of  the  effects  of  grazing  in  reducing 
the  intensity  and  area  of  fires  must  take  into  account  any  possible 
factors  influencing  them,  such  as  origin,  topography,  character  of 
cover,  climatic  conditions,  time  of  day,  and  effectiveness  of  the  pro- 
tective organization.  For  instance,  data  collected  on  the  Forests  of 
the  Cascade  Mountains,  Washington  and  Oregon,  would  not  apply 
to  conditions  on  the  F orests  east  of  that  range. 

On  a well-stocked  Forest,  such  as  the  Fremont  in  Oregon,  which 
is  comparatively  level,  with  no  abrupt  changes  in  elevation  or  mate- 
rial differences  in  the  character  of  the  timber  or  forage  cover,  and  on 
which  the  range  is  equally  well  adapted  to  cattle  or  sheep,  compari- 
sons are  easily  made.  The  average  area  burned  per  fire  on  sheep 
allotments  here  is  24  acres,  on  cattle  and  horse  allotments  114,  and 
on  areas  where  lack  of  stock  water  reduces  grazing  to  such  an 
extent  that  they  may  be  classed  as  ungrazed,  391  acres.  On  the 
basis  of  the  fire  season  of  1910,  the  records  showed  the  average 
acreage  per  fire  on  nongrazed  lands  was  273;  on  understocked,  300 
(one  fire  only)  ; on  normally  stocked,  15.07 ; and  on  overgrazed,  4 
acres. 

On  the  Beartooth  National  Forest,  Mont.,  in  1910,  two  sections  of 
ungrazed  timberland  were  burned  over  before  a fire  could  be  con- 
trolled. In  contrast  to  this,  another  fire  in  grazed  country,  under 
similar  conditions,  burned  barely  an  acre,  although  it  was  not 
discovered  promptly. 

The  Bridger  Forest  in  Wyoming  reports  a fire  on  a cattle  range 
which  was  reached  4 hours  after  discovery  by  4 men  and  was  put 
under  control  in  12  hours,  burning  only  10  acres,  while  a fire  on 
similar  ungrazed  area,  reached  in  3 hours  by  9 men,  took  2J  days 
to  extinguish  and  burned  90  acres.  The  second  fire  cost  four  and 
two-thirds  times  the  first,  burned  nine  times  the  area,  and  did  nine 
times  the  damage. 

The  Shasta  Forest,  Calif.,  reports  a fire  that  was  stopped  easily 
when  it  reached  sheep  area.  Another  instance  is  recorded  on  this 
Forest  where  duff  and  litter  burned  for  6 weeks  and  outlived  a 3 
days’  rain,  as  against  an  instance  on  a grazed  area,  with  more  under- 
brush, where  a fire  burned  out  in  3 days.  All  the  timber  was  killed 
in  the  first  instance,  while  only  a small  amount  was  destroyed  in  the 
second. 

LIGHTNING  FIRES. 

Next  to  carelessness  and  sparks  from  locomotives  lightning  ranks 
third  as  a source  of  conflagrations  in  the  mountains.  For  the  years 
1906  to  1919,  inclusive,  lightning  caused  on  the  average  27  per  cent 
of  all  fires  reported. 


Live-Stock  Grazing  Factor  in  Fire  Protection. 


7 


Of  36  fires  which  occurred  on  one  of  the  California  Forests  one 
season,  28  were  caused  by  lightning.  On  the  same  Forest  the  preced- 
ing season  68  fires  occurred,  21  of  which  were  caused  by  lightning. 
Lightning  starts  fires  most  often  along  the  summits  of  ridges,  re- 
mote from  settlements,  where  they  are  controlled  with  difficulty  un- 
less there  is  some  deterrent  factor,  such  as  grazing  or  barren  condi- 
tions. The  time-worn  theory  that  “ lightning  never  strikes  twice 
in  the  same  place  ” may  be  modified  to  thia  extent : Lightning  strikes 
very  often  in  nearly  the  same  places — it  has  its  zones,  in  other  words, 
where  its  appearance  may  usually  be  counted  on  with  each  electric 
storm.  For  the  past  15  years,  with  the  accumulation  of  data  on 
causes  and  locations  of  fires,  these  lightning  zones  could  be  mapped 
out  and  possibly  systems  of  grazing  use  introduced  that  would  more 
or  less  automatically  control  fires  at  the  start.  If  these  lightning 
zones  were  mapped  out,  they  would  doubtless  show  a markedly  close 
relation  to  certain  types  of  topography  and  certain  more  or  less  local- 
ized sections  of  many  Forests.  If  the  hazard  is  large  on  account  of 
heavy  undergrowth  or  herbaceous  cover,  it  might  be  feasible  to  in- 
troduce sheep  grazing  as  a measure  of  control. 

Instances  are  reported  where  lightning  started  7 fires,  5 in  country 
grazed  by  sheep  and  2 outside,  and  the  5 on  the  sheep  range  needed 
no  attention,  while  the  2 outside  burned  until  handled  by  forest  offi- 
cers. This  shows  71  per  cent  better  control  on  grazed  areas.  An 
Oregon  Forest  reports  instances  where  lightning  fires  have  died  out 
of  their  own  accord  on  grazed  areas.  Another  Forest  in  the  same 
State  cites  a number  of  cases  where  trees  have  been  fired  by  lightning 
and  the  fires  extended  only  a few  feet  beyond  their  bases  on  grazed 
areas,  while  on  similar  ^reas  ungrazed  they  spread  rapidly.  Similar 
reports  are  recorded  from  Idaho,  Montana,  Arizona,  South  Dakota, 
and  other  States.  There  is  need  for  a closer  study  of  lightning  fires 
as  they  relate  to  certain  types  of  topography  or  localized  sections  of 
the  Forests  with  a view  to  closer  application,  if  practicable,  of  graz- 
ing uses  to  fire  control. 


DRIVEWAYS  AND  TRAILS. 

One  of  the  most  marked  examples  of  the  benefits  of  grazing  use  is 
in  the  effectiveness  of  stock  driveways  and  trails  in  the  control  of  fires 
after  they  have  started.  Few  fires  which  gain  any  headway  are  con- 
trolled by  direct  attack.  Advantage  is  taken  of  every  available  arti- 
ficial and  natural  means  of  combating  them.  Many  portions  of  the 
National  Forests  lack  roads  and  trails,  and  while  appropriations  for 
these  purposes  have  been  much  more  liberal  in  recent  years  and  their 
expenditure  as  much  as  possible  is  directed  to  the  opening  of  sections 
of  country  which  are  inaccessible,  or  have  the  greatest  fire  hazard,  it 


8 Department  Circular  13k,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


will  require  years  to  complete  the  work.  On  such  areas  driveways 
and  stock  trails  are  especially  useful  in  fire  fighting. 

Stock  driveways  are  usually  located  along  ridges  or  roads,  thus 
furnishing  the  best  lines  of  defense  or  attack.  Their  usefulness  de- 
pends upon  the  kind  of  country  traversed  and  their  effectiveness 
upon  the  intensity  of  use.  The  wisest  possible  use  should  be  made  of 
them.  And  not  only  should  those  existing  be  employed  but  new 
ones  should  be  laid  out  or  old  ones  changed  wherever  advisable.  If 
not  fully  efficient  in  actually  stopping  fires,  they  serve  as  excellent 
points  from  which  to  backfire. 

The  San  Francisco  fire  in  1906  was  stopped  partly  because  it  came 
to  a broad  fire  line — Van  Ness  Avenue — a fire  line  comparable  to 
many  roads  or  trails  or  natural  barriers  in  the  National  Forests. 
But  Van  Ness  Avenue  in  itself  was  not  an  efficient  barrier.  Had  it 
not  been  for  the  use  of  dynamite,  which  reduced  inflammable  mate- 
rial or  rendered  it  less  inflammable,  much'  less  of  San  Francisco 
would  have  been  saved.  The  incident  points  to  intensity  of  use  of 
these  features  of  the  Forests  to  the  point  perhaps  of  local  damage 
at  strategic  points  of  fire  vantage. 

The  Wenaha  Forest  reports  fires  checked  at  least  50  per  cent  by 
driveways.  The  Gallatin  Forest  reports  that  in  the  case  of  a severe 
fire  in  1910  a driveway  was  crossed  only  where  the  fire  was  burning 
in  the  crowns  of  the  trees.  Many  other  instances  are  recorded  of 
the  efficiency  of  driveways  in  preventing  the  spread  of  fires.  Specific 
examples  are  graphically  shown  on  the  accompanying  map  of  a 
portion  of  the  Wenatchee  Forest  (fig.  1). 

Trails  made  by  live  stock  have  also  been  found  to  contribute  ma- 
terially to  fire  protection  in  serving  as  fire  lines  and  making  areas 
more  accessible.  Of  250  fires  reported  on  the  Harney  National 
Forest  in  three  years,  75  per  cent  were  checked  by  making  use  of 
roads  and  trails  of  different  kinds. 

On  many  National  Forests  practically  all  of  the  trails  traveled, 
outside  of  a few  main  trails,  have  either  been  built  by  stockmen  or 
opened  up  by  live  stock.  They  are  frequently  used  as  short  cuts  to 
get  to  fires  and  could  well  be  tied  in  to  the  main  roads  and  trails  in 
connection  with  the  fire  plan.  Driveways  and  trails  should  be 
located  where  they  will  give  best  fire  service,  although  this  may 
entail  the  sacrifice  of  some  young  growth. 

ADDITIONAL  PERSONS  IN  THE  FORESTS. 

Grazing  necessarily  brings  a large  number  of  people  into  the 
mountains  to  care  for  the  stock — fully  25,000  persons.  The  pres- 
ence of  this  additional  population  introduces  a certain  fire  hazard. 
This  was  truer  formerly  than  now,  and  the  hazard  at  the  present 
time,  taking  the  Forests  as  a whole,  is  very  small — almost  negligible. 


Circular  134,  U.  S.  Dept,  cf  Agriculture. 


Plate  II. 


F— 75463 

Fig.  I. — Harmful  Effects  of  Overgrazing  by  Goats  to  Reproduction 
and  Soil  Cover.  New  Mexico. 


F— 24969 

Fig.^2.  Harmful  Sheep  Grazing  Showing  Destruction  of  Surface. 

California. 


Circular  134,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  III. 


F— 9 1509 

Fig.  I. — Fire  Menace  of  Inflammable  Grass  on  Non-Grazed  Forest 

Area.  Oregon. 


„ F— 77603  A 

Fig.  2. — Fire  Menace  in  Foothill  Country.  California. 


Circular  134,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  IV. 


F— 93222 

Fig.  I. -Breaking  Up  Litter  and  Making  Forests  Cleaner.  Colorado. 


Fig.  2.  Sheep  Help  to  Clean  Up  Old  Burns  and  Reduce  Fire  Hazard. 


Circular  134,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  V. 


Fig.  I. — Fire  Line  Driveway  I2M  Miles  Long.  Portions  Pass  Through 
Heavy  Timber.  Colorado. 


F— 90155 


Fig.  2. — Yellow  Pine  Reproduction.  This  Area  was  Conservatively 
Grazed  by  Sheep  for  40  Years  and  Fires  Kept  Out.  The  Balance  in 
Favor  of  Livestock  Uses.  California. 


Live-Stock  Grazing  Factor  in  Fire  Protection.  9 

This  change  in  conditions  may  be  attributed  to  (1)  fire  laws  and 
regulations,  (2)  change  in  sentiment,  (3)  absence  of  range  wars  and 
disputes  among  stockmen,  and  (4)  growing  demands  for  range. 


PART  OF 

WENATCHEE  NATIONAL  FOREST 

WASHINGTON. 


Fig.  1. — Fires  stopped  by  sheep  driveways. 

One  of  the  principal  conditions  in  the  approval  of  grazing  appli- 
cations is  a clause  under  which  the  permittee  agrees  to  bind  himself 
and  his  employees  to  use  every  precaution  with  fires  and  to  assist  in 
extinguishing  them  upon  and  in  the  vicinity  of  his  allotment.  The 
grazing  privilege  has  become  so  valuable  that  stockmen  can  not 
afford  to  have  their  permits  canceled  for  any  Breach  of  the  agree- 


10  Department  Circular  13k,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture . 

ment,  and  this,  together  with  the  deterring  influence  of  strict  State 
and  national  fire  laws,  has  had  its  effect  in  rapidly  reducing  to  a 
minimum  the  fires  which  may  be  attributed  to  the  presence  of  stock- 
men  on  the  F orests. 

The  fact  of  the  awakened  or  changed  public  sentiment  with  ref- 
erence to  forest  fires,  as  it  relates  to  the  West,  also  must  not  be  over- 
looked. While  with  a very  small  number  of  stockmen,  largely  among 
the  more  illiterate  class  of  Mexican  herders,  there  is  a lingering 
belief  in  the  idea  that  it  is  a good  thing  to  burn  off  the  ranges  in  the 
fall,  there  are  few  who  now  hold  that  the  ranges  can  be  benefited  by 
this  process.  The  large  majority  are  unanimous  in  the  belief  that 
burning  results  in  harm  rather  than  benefit,  and  have  for  some  time 
opposed  all  burning.  Valuable  feed  is  destroyed  by  the  burning, 
and  the  permanent  carrying  capacity  of  the  ranges  lessened.  In 
most  cases  it  requires  from  one  to  three  years  or  more  for  a range  to 
recover  from  a severe  burn,  and  during  the  interval  the  amount  of 
forage  produced  is  much  lessened.  Valuable  weeds  seldom  recover 
from  severe  burns  until  after  several  years,  if  ever.  In  the  moun- 
tains of  the  West  it  may  be  confidently  stated  that  burning  is  not 
necessary  to  improve  the  range.  It  is  an  injury  rather  than  a benefit. 
Grass,  moreover,  has  become  valuable  and  must  be  husbanded,  and 
any  kind  of  cleaning  process  which  will  deprive  the  stock  of  feed, 
even  temporarily,  results  in  distinct  economic  loss  to  the  stockmen. 

So  the  advantages  of  having  the  grazing  permittees  and  their  em- 
ployees on  the  Forests  during  the  fire  season  far  outweigh  the  dis- 
advantages. In  fully  90  per  cent  of  the  cases  stockmen  or  their 
employees  render  valuable  service  in  putting  out  small  fires,  and  are 
available  with  men,  supplies,  and  equipment  for  larger  fires.  The 
question  arises:  How  may  more  use  be  made  of  the  grazing  per- 
mittees ? . 

It  is  suggested  that  some  plan  be  inaugurated  on  each  Forest  which 
will  give  official  and  honorable  mention  to  stockmen  or  their  em- 
ployees who  render  independent  service,  similar  to  the  plan  now  in 
effect  in  some  sections  of  giving  sheep  herders  who  have  been  espe- 
cially diligent  in  observing  the  grazing  regulations  a card  commend- 
ing them  to  other  sheep  employers.  Special  letters  of  appreciation 
could  be  sent  out  by  the  district  forester.  Local  newspaper  publicity 
could  also  be  given  to  noteworthy  cases.  Ordinary  cooperation  which 
stockmen  agree  to  in  their  applications  should  not  be  thus  recognized, 
but  those  things  which  stand  out  like  the  following  instances,  which 
are  of  Service  record: 

“Two  herders  saved  the  day  in  the  case  of  one  fire.” 

“ Nine  permittees  fought  fire  48  hours  without  recompense.” 

“A  herder  took  up  the  patrol  of  a regular  ranger  during  the  lat- 
ter’s illness.” 


Live-Stock  Grazing  Factor  in  Fire  Protection.  n 

“ One  permittee  came  30  miles  and  fought  100  hours  without  rest 
and  said  he  expected  no  pay  for  his  services.” 

The  regular  fire  plans  should  take  into  account  not  only  the  ranches 
in  and  adjacent  to  the  Forests,  but  should  also  include  the  temporary 
summer  camps  so  as  to  make  the  greatest  possible  use  of  these  men 
and  their  equipment.  The  protective  force  of  approximately  2,500 
men  can  thus  be  augmented  by  fully  25,000  persons,  more  or  les-« 
available  for  fire  duty  in  emergencies. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

Recognizing  the  value  of  normal  grazing  in  fire  protection  of 
timber lands,  a study  of  its  application  to  the  National  Forests 
suggests : 

(1)  The  timely  use  of  present  ranges  or  the  removal  of  rank  vege- 
tation before  it  becomes  unpalatable. 

(2)  The  utilization  of  all  suitable  unused  lands  by  the  develop- 
ment of  water  and  trails  and  the  elimination  or  control  as  rapidly 
as  possible  of  all  factors  which  prevent  present  use. 

(3)  The  closer  consideration  of  the  class  of  stock  to  be  grazed 
where  fire  protection  is  involved. 

(4)  The  location  of  driveways  and  trails  so  as  to  form  the  most 
efficient  fire  lines  and  means  of  communication. 

(5)  The  overgrazing  of  strategic  points.  Minor  damage  at  such 
points  may  result  in  saving  large  areas  of  forest  from  destruction 
by  fire. 

(6)  The  study  of  lightning  fires  on  the  Forests  with  a view  to 
determining  whether  lightning  zones  exist  and  whether  grazing  may 
be  made  to  assist  in  preventing  the  spread  of  fire. 

(7)  The  fuller  enlistment  of  the  moral  and  active  support  of  some 
25,000  additional  persons  in  the  Forests  on  account  of  grazing  uses. 

(8)  The  closer  correlation  of  the  live-stock  industry  of  the  For- 
ests with  the  fire-protection  plans. 


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OF  THIS  PUBLICATION  MAY  BE  PROCURED  FROM 
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AT 


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V 


■ 


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■ 

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MAINTENANCE  OF  THE 
FUR  SUPPLY 

NED  DEARBORN 

Assistant  Biologist,  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey 


j 

UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  135 


Contribution  from  the  Rureau  of  Biological  Survey 
E.  W.  NELSON,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C.  * 


November,  1920 


WASHINGTON  t GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  5 I9JQ 


UNLESS  fur-bearing  animals  are  rigidly  con- 
served the  time  is  not  far  away  when  many  of 
the  more  valuable  species  will  be  exterminated  and 
furs  will  be  worn  only  by  the  very  rich.  This  fact  is 
recognized  by  the  fur  trade  generally  and  by  indi- 
viduals who  have  made  a study  of  the  subject. 

Maintenance  of  the  fur  supply  involves  the  pro- 
tection of  the  available  stock,  especially  when  the 
pelts  are  not  prime,  and  the  production  of  the  ani- 
mals under  controlled  conditions. 

Fur  animals  should  have  legal  protection  by  the 
enactment  of  uniform  legislation  in  States  having 
similar  climatic  conditions  and  by  the  strict  enforce- 
ment of  laws  when  passed. 

A greatly  increased  production  can  be  made  pos- 
sible only  by  domesticating  the  animals,  just  as  live 
stock  are  now  raised;  and  by  establishing  preserves 
for  them  where  they  may  be  safe  from  molestation. 
Protected  areas  stocked  with  the  best  fur  animals 
that  can  be  found  will  become  centers  from  which 
choice  breeding  stock  can  be  obtained  for  establish- 
ing other  preserves  and  for  private  use. 


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OF  THIS  PUBLICATION  MAY  BE  PROCURED  FROM 
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WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

AT 

10  CENTS  PER  COPY 


V 


MAINTENANCE  OF  THE  FUR  SUPPLY.1 


CONTENTS. 


The  fur  trade 

Supply  of  furs  waning 

Protective  laws  for  fur  animals. 

Results  of  protection 

Fur  farming 


Page. 

4 

6 

7 

8 
8 


Local  attachments  of  animals. 

Ftir  animal  preserves 

Summary  

Conclusion 


Page. 

9 

10 

1 

1 


DIRECT  ATTENTION  to  the  great  commercial  importance 
X of  fur;  to  emphasize  the  need  of  maintaining  the  supply, 
which  lately  has  been  declining  at  an  alarming  rate;  and  to 
point  out  ways  by  which  this  supply  may  not  only  be  maintained  as 
to  quantity  but  improved  as  to  quality,  is  the  purpose  of  this  circular. 

The  subject  is  discussed  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  farmer,  to 
whom  fur-bearing  animals,  if  rightly  managed,  will  be  a source  of 
interest  and  profit.  The  farmer  should  know  that  peltries  are 
prime  only  about  two  months  in  the  year,  and  that  it  is  as  unwise  to 
take  them  when  unprime  as  it  is  to  harvest  unripe  or  overripe  fruit. 
He  should  know,  also,  that  while  foxes,  skunks,  minks,  and  several 
other  small  fur  bearers  are  carnivorous,  very  few  of  them  ever  taste 
the  flesh  of  poultry;  the  farmer  who  kills  these  animals  at  every 
opportunity  will,  if  consistent,  kill  his  poultry  whenever  a few  hens 
raid  his  garden.  Among  fur  animals,  as  among  men,  the  proportion 
of  criminals  is  relatively  small. 

The  unprecedented  prices  lately  paid  for  peltries  make  this  an 
opportune  time  to  urge  a reasonable  and  practical  attitude  toward 
fur  bearers  on  the  part  of  the  farmer,  who  actually  cc*itrols  the 
animals  living  on  his  property,  although  he  is  subject  to  the  same 
laws  as  are  other  people,  so  far  as  capturing  them  is  concerned. 
When  once  he  accepts  the  fact  that  fur  animals  are  worth  tolerat- 
ing—for  he  has  neither  to  feed  nor  shelter  them— he  will  take  steps 
to  secure  a dependable  harvest  of  fur  every  year.  He  will  not  per- 
mit poaching  on  his  property  and  he  will  himself  hold  sacred  the 
dens  of  the  fur  bearers.  A hollow  sycamore  or  oak,  of  no  value 
for  lumber  and  scarcely  worth  felling  for  firewood,  may  keep  him 

before  the  second  annual  stated  meeting  of  the  American  Society  of  Mam- 
malogists,  New  York  City,  May  4,  1920. 

5238°— 20 


3 


<N  <M 


4 Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

in  raccoon-skin  overcoats.  The  returns  from  a fox  den  may  easily 
be  worth  more  to  him  than  the  income  from  a thousand- dollar  Gov- 
ernment bond. 

THE  FUR  TRADE. 

The  commercial  history  of  America  begins  with  fur,  and  from 
the  early  days  down  to  the  present  this  has  been  an  important  article 
in  our  domestic  and  foreign  trade.  There  are  few  commodities  in 
common  use  which  distribute  their  benefits  so  widely.  From  the 
country  boy  who  traps  a few  muskrats  to  the  professional  trapper 
patrolling  a hundred  miles  of  territory,  the  money  received  for  pelts 
goes  at  once  into  various  channels  of  circulation. 

For  upward  of  300  years  America  furnished  raw  furs  that  were 
dressed  and  manufactured  in  Europe,  many  of  them  to  be  returned 
to  this  country  for  final  use.  Since  1914,  however,  the  center  of 
the  world’s  fur  trade  has  been  transferred  from  Europe  to  the  United 
States.  The  greatest  fur  sales  in  history  are  now  being  held  here, 
and  all  branches  of  fur  dressing,  dyeing,  and  manufacturing  are  be- 
ing successfully  carried  on  by  American  enterprise.  The  amount  of 
capital  invested  in  the  American  fur  trade  is  vastly  greater  than 
ever  before,  and  many  thousands  of  people  derive  their  support  from 
it.  To  both  capital  and  labor  it  yields  abundant  returns. 

Most  of  the  fur  goods  produced  in  America  are  manufactured  in 
or  near  New  York  City,  where  in  1918  there  were  about  60  dressing 
and  dyeing  plants,  500  dealers,  1,200  manufacturers,  18,000  opera- 
tives, and  an  investment  estimated  at  between  $200,000,000  and 
$300,000,000. 

The  effect  of  the  World  War  on  fur  dressing  and  dyeing  in  this 
country  is  clearly  shown  by  the  change  in  ratios  between  the  dressed 
and  raw  skins  imported  in  1914  and  1919,  respectively.  (See  Pis. 
I and  II.)  In  1914  dressed  skins  imported  were  worth  $3,500,000, 
while  raw- skin  imports  were  worth  $7,500,000,  the  ratio  of  dressed  to 
raw  being  about  46  per  cent.  In  1919  we  imported  $4,000,000  worth 
of  dressed  skins  and  $69,000,000  worth  of  raw  skins,  the  ratio  be- 
tween dressed  and  raw  dropping  to  6 per  cent  from  the  46  per 
cent  of  five  years  earlier.  Members  of  the  Fur  Dealers’  & Buyers’ 
Association  of  Greater  New  York  in  1919  dressed  $27,000,000  worth 
of  furs  and  dyed  more  than  $16,000,000  worth.  It  may  be  safely 
assumed  that  from  this  time  forth  America  can  readily  dress,  dye, 
and  manufacture  all  the  furs  she  can  possibly  produce. 

The  most  striking  fact  relating  to  the  fur  trade  during  recent 
years  is  the  rapidity  with  which  values  have  advanced  and  the  sur- 
prising heights  they  have  attained.  For  many  months  it  seemed  as 
if  the  pinnacle  had  been  reached,  yet  each  succeeding  sale  set  a 
new  record.  Not  only  did  prices  advance,  but  skins  formerly  re- 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


A,  Plucked,  as  the  skin  comes  from  the  hands  of  the  fur  dresser;  B,  Unplucked,  as  the  skin  dresser 

receives  it 


Fig.  2.— Dressed  Muskrat  Skin. 

This  skin  is  in  the  natural  state.  Plucked  and  clipped  skins  are  shown  in  Plate  II. 


BI423M 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate 


BI424M:  BI426M 

Dressed  Muskrat  Skins. 

A,  With  guard  hairs  plucked  out:  B , With  guard  hairs  plucked  and  the  underfur  clipped  and 
dyed,  in  which  condition  it  is  known  as  “Hudson  seal.” 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  III. 


Three  Valuable  Furs. 


A ol*  °F  ern\1?e  : C,  fisher.  Martens  and  fishers  are  no  longer  common  in  any 

part  of  the  United  States,  and  m 1920  their  skins  sold,  respectively,  at  $201  and  $365  each,  whereas 
five  years  earlier  they  sold  at  $15.20  and  $25.50,  respectively 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  IV. 


Raccoon  Skin. 

Taken  in  southeastern  Wyoming.  The  2-foot  rule  shows  the  size  of  the  pelt. 


BI420M 


Maintenance  of  the  Fur  Supply.  5 

garded  as  having  little  or  no  value  as  fur  became  popular  under 
various  trade  names.  A comparison  of  the  highest  prices  at  the 
October  sales  in  St.  Louis  in  1915  with  those  in  1919  illustrates  the 
remarkable  increase  in  fur  values  * Beaver  advanced  in  these  four 
years  from  $17  to  $38.50,  otter  from  $14  to  $101,  muskrat  from  $0.36J 
to  $5.10,  red  fox  from  $15.20  to  $64,  fisher  from  $25.50  to  $205, 
skunk  from  $3.36  to  $10.60,  and  marten  from  $15.20  to  $145  (See 
Pis.  Ill  and  IV.) 

The  crest  of  the  rising  wave  of  fur  values  was  reached  in  the  auc- 
tion sales  of  February  and  March,  1920,  when  the  following  were 
the  highest  prices  paid : Weasel,  $4.10 ; muskrat,  $7.50 ; skunk,  $12.25  ; 
raccoon,  $30;  lynx,  $66;  red  fox,  $71;  mink,  $75;  otter,  $105;  marten, 
$201;  and  fisher,  $365.  These  inflated  values,  which  involved  an 
enormous  amount  of  money  for  financing  the  fur  industry,  coming 
at  a time  when  banks  were  showing  an  inclination  to  withhold  credit, 
reacted  on-  prices  and  caused  a decline  of  about  25  per  cent  in  the 
May  sales  of  1920,  although  they  still  averaged  higher  than  in  the 
spring  of  1919.  Fur  continues  to  be  fashionable,  however,  and 
while  prices  may  decline  somewhat,  they  probably  will  be  prevented 
from  going  very  low  by  the  continued  demand  for  fur  and  the  reduced 
numbers  of  fur-bearing  animals. 

A concrete  example  of  the  rise  in  fur  prices  is  afforded  by  the 
actual  record  of  one  man’s  fur-lined  overcoat.  This  coat,  lined 
with  mink,  in  1913  cost  $500.  After  wearing  the  coat  two  years  the 
owner  sold  the  mink  lining  for  $1,000  and  replaced  it  with  nutria 
at  a cost  of  $150.  Two  years  later,  in  1917,  he  had  the  nutria  lining 
removed  and  sold  it  for  $250.  A muskrat  lining  was  then  put  in 
the  coat  at  a cost  of  $55,  which,  in  191,9,  was  in  turn  removed  and 
sold  for  $300.  The.  original  purchaser  still  has  the  shell. 

Although  fur  garments  bring  what  seem  exorbitant  prices,  the 
trapper  regards  present  fur  values  with  the  utmost  complacency. 
A fur  buyer  in  Illinois  recently  told  of  two  boys  near  Ottawa  who 
trapped  along  the  Illinois  River  during  the  winter  of  1919-20  and 
sold  $1,000  worth  of  skunk,  muskrat,  and  mink  skins,  and  further 
stated  that  many  other  boys  around  the  country  did  quite  as  well. 
Alaskan  trappers,  in  1918,  sold  furs  valued  at  $1,363,600. 

Fur  animals  are  profitable  to  the  Government  as  well  as  to  indi- 
viduals. The  sealskins  taken  on  the  Pribilof  Islands  by  the  Bureau 
of  Fisheries  in  1919,  to  the  number  of  27,821,  were  worth  to  the 
Government  nearly  $4,000,000.  From  these  same  islands  the  Gov- 
ernment harvested  938  blue  foxes  in  1919,  the  pelts  having  a value 
of  $165,000.  The  skins  of  bears,  bobcats,  coyotes,  mountain  lions, 
and  timber  wolves  killed  by  predatory  animal  hunters  of  the  Biologi- 
cal Survey  in  1918  and  1919  brought  nearly  $160,000,  and  since  these 
operations  began,  in  1915,  $234,762  has  been  turned  into  the  Treasury 


6 Department  Circular  i35,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


from  this  source.  (See  PL  V.)  In  California  the  asset  value  of 
wild  fur  bearers  to  the  people  of  the  State  has  been  estimated  at 
$7,125,000,  as  the  annual  catch  of  fur  in  the  State  brings  about  4 per 
cent  of  this  huge  sum.  By  proper  conservation  it  might  readily  be 
doubled. 

Although  America  still  produces  a large  quantity  of  fur,  about 
half  the  skins  disposed  of  at  American  auction  sales  are  of  foreign 
origin.  The  total  value  of  furs  imported  into  the  United  States  in 
1919  was  more  than  $76,000,000.  Our  foreign  trade  in  this  industry 
is  of  no  little  importance,  as  fur  is  one  of  the  few  commodities  that 
Europe  can  sell  us.  It  is  estimated  that  the  money  spent  in  America 
yearly  for  fur  garments  is  well  over  $100,000,000.  The  gross  trade 
of  fur  merchants  in  New  York  alone  during  1919,  including  exports, 
imports,  and  domestic  trade  in  raw  and  manufactured  furs,  amounted 
to  upwards  of  $375,000,000. 

SUPPLY  OF  FURS  WANING. 

The  traffic  in  fur  is  so  extensive  and  profitable  that  fur  dealers  are 
taking  definite  steps  to  keep  up  the  demand  for  it.  The  manage- 
ment of  the  largest  auction  fur  sales  company  in  America  planned 
to  spend  $100,000  during  the  year  1920  in  a campaign  designed  to 
persuade  people  to  wear  fur  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  A prominent 
advertising  agency  was  awarded  the  contract  to  direct  this  campaign 
through  some  of  the  most  popular  and  widely  circulated  magazines 
in  the  United  States. 

This  movement  to  stimulate  fur  sales  will  inevitably  tend  to  in- 
tensify the  pressure  on  fur-bearing  animals,  which  have  been  gradu- 
ally decreasing  in  numbers  as  a result  of  excessive  trapping,  clearing 
of  forests,  and  draining  of  marshes.  Already  beavers  and  martens, 
two  very  important  fur  bearers,  have  been  exterminated  over  a large 
part  of  the  country.  Even  in  Alaska,  the  last  stronghold  of  fur 
bearers  on  United  States  territory,  these  animals  became  so  scarce 
that  complete  protection  for  them  for  a term  of  years  was  advocated 
by  Alaskan  trappers.  As  a result  of  their  express  request  a-  close 
period  was  declared  and  is  still  in  force. 

High  prices  of  furs  are  equivalent  to  large  bounties  or  rewards 
for  killing  fur  animals,  and  unless  steps  to  counterbalance  them  are 
taken  immediately  we  may  look  to  see  these  animals  practically  ex- 
terminated in  many  places.  Reports  from  raw-fur  buyers  indicate 
that  fur  animals  have  decreased  greatly  during  the  last  decade,  sev- 
eral of  the  estimates  running  as  high  as  50  per  cent.  From  some  of 
the  best  fur  regions  in  Canada  come  reports  to  the  effect  that  fur 
animals  are  extremely  scarce.  A raw- fur  buyer  in  Boston,  speaking 
of  muskrats,  states  that  the  supply  in  the  winter  of  1918-19  was  50 
per  cent  short  of  normal  and  that  of  the  following  winter  was  50  per 
cent  less  again.  In  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  trappers  in  1917  took 


7 


Maintenance  of  the  Fur  Supply. 

over  800,000  muskrats,  in  1918  they  took  less  than  300,000  and  in 
1919  only  about  150,000.  These  decreases  occurred  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  there  was  an  increase  of  10  per  cent  each  year  over  the 
previous  year  in  the  number  of  trappers’  licenses  sold.  An  Illinois 
writer  m February,  1920,  referring  to  the  Kankakee  River  district 
asserted  that  the  fur-bearing  animal  supply  could  not  possibly 
stand  the  amount  of  trapping  induced  by  current  prices  for  fur  and 
that  if  the  present  condition  should  continue  for  a few  years  the 
supply  in  settled  districts  would  come  to  an  end. 

PROTECTIVE  LAWS  FOR  FUR  ANIMALS. 

There  is  a loss  of  one-fourth  of  the  full  value  of  furs  because  so 
many  of  them  come  to  market  unprime.  It  is  generally  agreed  that 
killing  fur  animals  in  the  breeding  season  and  before  family  groups 
break  up  and  disperse  in  fall  is  a wasteful  practice.  In  consider- 
ing ways  for  preventing  such  waste  the  first  course  that  has  sug- 
gested itself  is  to  invoke  the  aid  of  appropriate  laws.  Forty  States 
have  enactments  establishing  close  seasons  for  fur  bearers  and  16 
States  have  given  rare  and  valuable  animals,  as  the  beaver,  otter, 
and  marten,  the  benefit  of  a close  period  covering  five  years  or  more! 
Inasmuch  as  comparatively  few  of  the  unprime  skins  coming  to 
market  come  from  the  eight  States  without  close  seasons,  it  is  evident 
that  in  some  States  at  least  the  laws  protecting  fur  animals  are  either 
ineffective  or  inadequate. 

In  many  States  the  open  season  for  trapping  is  too  long.  It  should 
not  cover  more  than  two  months.  The  open  season  for  beavers  and 
muskrats  should  not  begin  earlier  than  January,  as  these  animals 
prime  late,  while  for  the  other  fur  bearers  it  should  not  begin  earlier 
than  November  nor  end  later  than  January.  Uniform  laws  through- 
out the  United  States  prohibiting  traffic  in  unprime  skins  of  Amer- 
ican fur  animals,  excepting  wolves  and  wild  cats,  would  be  salutary. 
Such  laws  would  apply  especially  to  dealers  and  would  be  wel- 
comed by  many  of  them ; they  are  not  only  well  aware  of  the  need 
for  more  and  better  fur,  but  have  under  consideration  the  propriety 
of  refusing  to  handle  skins  that  are  evidently  taken  out  of  season. 

he  attitude  of  intelligent  fur  dealers  toward  trapping  out  of  season 
is  well  illustrated  by  a full-page  advertisement  in  a magazine  devoted 
to  rural  interests,  paid  for  by  a prominent  fur  house,  and  entirely 
devoted  to  arguments  for  the  capture  of  fur  animals  only  when  their 
skins  are  prime  and  for  obeying  laws  protecting  them.  Proprietors 
and  managers  of  large  fur  houses  stand  ready  to  support  any  reason- 
able movement  to  keep  up  the  fur  supply. 

In  several  States  the  law  provides  that  trappers  must  buy  licenses 
m order  to  support  a warden  system  for  the  enforcement  of  laws 
protecting  fur  animals.  In  a few  States  trappers  are  also  required 


8 Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

to  report  how  many  animals  of  each  kind  are  taken.  It  would  be 
well  for  every  State  to  require  such  reports,  as  this  is  a convenient 
way  of  obtaining  the  statistics  which  are  necessary  to  inspire  people 
with  a desire  and  a determination  to  make  fur  a regular  and  valuable 
farm  and  forest  crop. 

RESULTS  OF  PROTECTION. 

Wild  creatures  quickly  learn  where  they  are  safe  from  molesta- 
tion. and  in  such  places  their  fear  of  man  disappears  in  a surpris- 
ingly short  time.  (See  PI.  VI,  B.)  Wild  waterfowl  in  city  parks 
throng  around  visitors  who  feed  them  as  if  they  were  domesticated. 
The  fact  that  animals  very  quickly  learn  to  appreciate  a sanctuary 
was  forcefully  brought  out  a few  years  ago  at  Buffalo  Park,  near 
Wainwright,  Canada,  when  a protest  was  made  by  residents  in  the 
vicinity  that  the  park  was  recognized  as  a haven  of  refuge  by  coyotes. 
When  the  farmers  started  to  hunt  them,  all  the  coyotes  made  a bee- 
line for  the  park,  where  they  evidently  knew  they  were  safe.  War- 
dens who  patrol  Jasper  Park  and  the  adjacent  country  in  northern 
Alberta  report  that  as  soon  as  the  hunting  season  arrives  all  the  wild 
animals  take  refuge  in  the  park. 

A close  period  for  beavers  for  several  years  past  has  virtually 
made  a temporary  preserve  of  an  entire  Province,  so  far  as  beavers 
are  concerned.  During  the  first  open  season  the  farmers  there  will 
probably  harvest  about  15,000  beaver  pelts.  Now,  instead  of  having 
a catch  of  15,000  the  first  year,  a catch  of  7,000  the  second  year,  a 
catch  of  3,000  the  third  year,  and  then  another  closed  period  for 
perhaps  10  years,  suitable  areas  might  be  set  aside  where  beavers 
and  other  fur  bearers  would  be  continually  protected  and  from  which 
would  come  an  overflow  that  would  furnish  a reasonable  supply  of 
skins  every  year  continuously.  (See  PI.  VI,  A.) 

A striking  example  of  the  benefits  derived  from  setting  aside  a 
preserve  for  fur  animals  is  to  be  found  in  Laurentides  Park,  in  the 
Province  of  Quebec,  where  many  people,  in  the  habit  of  hunting  in 
that  region  before  the  park  was  formed,  found  it  very  hard  to  keep 
out  after  it  was  set  aside  as  a sanctuary.  Finally,  however,  they  held 
a conference  and  found  on  comparing  notes  that  while  they  no  longer 
entered  the  park  they  were  handling  three  times  as  much  fur  as  when 
they  were  admitted  to  it. 

FUR  FARMING. 

The  first  landowners  to  appreciate  the  possibility  of  turning  into 
ready  cash  the  furs  produced  annually  on  their  land  were  those  in 
possession  of  marshes  inhabited  by  muskrats.  One  of  the  most 
progressive  of  the  muskrat  farmers  counts  the  muskrat  houses  on  his. 
marsh  in  fall  and  then  decides  how  many  animals  may  be  safely 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  V. 


Fig.  I. — Otters. 


BI334M 


Sfe  ^rSXe^i  £ 

Sim  tha5iha  SlLPpri«P?aid™S  ThiS  iS  ab°Ut  half  the  prlCe  then  paid  for  marten' 


Fig.  2.— Skins  of  Predatory  Animals. 


coyotes ^K0l0gI?al  Survey  in  Montana-  Most  of  the  skins  are  of 
Hve  stock  fro ^ Poisoning  operations,  a measure  necessary  to  protect 
SSS^SfflSS  depredatl0ns-  The  sUs  are  S°W  and  the  proceeds  turned  into  the  Treasury 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  VI. 


Fig.  I. — Beaver  Pasture. 


Timber  felled  by  the  animals  for  constructing  their  dam.  This  may  be  seen  in  the  middle  fore- 
ground. View  taken  near  Cascade,  Colorado,  in  1910. 


Fig.  2. — Black  Bears  Feeding. 

These  usually  timorous  animals  search  through  the  refuse  in  a canyon  of  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park  without  fear,  as  they  have  learned  that  there  they  are  safe  from  molestation. 


9 


Maintenance  of  the  Fur  Supply. 

captured  and  how  many  will  probably  be  left  for  breeding  stock 
Marsh  owners  in  Dorchester  County,  Md.,  harvest  on  the  average 
from  100,000  to  125,000  muskrat  skins  a year.  There  is  a market 
for  the  meat  as  well  as  for  the  fur.  A single  Baltimore  firm  handles 
from  25,000  to  30,000  muskrat  carcasses  each  season  and  is  unable  to 
supply  the  demand  at  that.  The  best  hotel  in  a Maryland  town 
of  a population  of  about  9,000  offers  a choice  on  its  bill  of  fare 
between  muskrat  meat,  under  the  name  of  marsh  rabbit,  and 
roast  beef.  The  price  of  muskrat  carcasses  as  sold  by  trappers  in 
the  spring  of  1920  ran  from  25  cents  each  early  in  the  season  to  10 
cents  each  near  the  close.  Incidentally,  these  marshes,  which 
formerly  were  considered  to  be  practically  of  no  value,  now  brine 
from  $30  to  $40  per  acre. 

Experiments  in  propagating  fur  animals  in  confinement  have  been 
tried  with  varying  results.  The  World  War  interrupted  them,  but 
now  the  young  men  who  carried  them  on  are  back  on  their  farms 
again  and  have  resumed  their  efforts.  The  Department  of  Agri- 
culture has  been  experimenting  along  this  line  for  several  years. 
It  has  been  demonstrated  that  silver  foxes,  blue  foxes,  skunks,  and 
muskrats  can  be  farmed  profitably  under  suitable  conditions. 

For  skunk  farming  it  is  necessary  to  have  a reliable  source  of 
cheap  food,  as  the  value  of  skunk  pelts  is  not  sufficient  to  justify 
much  outlay.  In  the  case  of  foxes,  the  margin  of  profit  makes  it 
unnecessary  to  consider  the  cost  of  food.  Minks  have  been  bred  in 
confinement,  but  they  are  not  hardy  and  can  not  be  handled  suc- 
cessfully unless  there  is  a reliable  supply  of  fresh  meat  and  fresh 
fish  constantly  at  hand.  (See  PL  VII,  A.)  Martens  and  fishers  are 
hardy  in  captivity  but  can  rarely  be  induced  to  breed.  None  of  the 
other  fur  bearers  have  been  tested  enough  to  show  whether  they 
may  be  propagated  in  confinement.  There  is  no  doubt,  however, 
that  skins  from  domesticated  fur  bearers  will  continue  to  be  used 
in  increasing  quantities,  and  that  ultimately  furriers  must  rely 
largely  on  them  for  the  support  of  their  trade. 

LOCAL  ATTACHMENTS  OF  ANIMALS. 

Each  wild  animal  has  a special  range  on  which  it  lives  and  to 
which  it  becomes  attached  by  association.  In  the  same  way  an  ani- 
mal that  is  well  provided  for  in  confinement  soon  becomes  contented 
and  attached  to  its  surroundings.  Minks  that  have  been  in  captivity 
for  a few  months  have  been  known  to  return  to  their  dens  voluntarily 
after  having  escaped.  Martens  seem  to  do  this  invariably;  at  least 
numerous  instances  have  been  recorded  in  which  they  have  returned 
to  their  cages  and  been  recaptured. 

A muskrat  that  had  been  kept  in  a cage  for  several  months  at  the 
-National  Zoological  Park,  in  Washington,  was  returned  to  its  native 
waters  in  Eock  Creek  when  cold  weather  came  on,  as  it  was  not 
thought  worth  while  to  keep  it  through  the  winter.  The  morning 


10  Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture. 

after  its  liberation  it  was  found  back  again  on  the  hill  near  its  cage, 
and  it  remained  in  the  vicinity  until  finally  it  fell  into  a post  hole 
and  died. 

A red  fox  that  had  been  kept  on  a ranch  with  cross  and  silver 
foxes  was  turned  loose,  as  its  owner  did  not  wish  either  to  feed  or 
to  kill  it.  The  guard  fence  surrounding  this  ranch  consisted  of  a 
high  board  fence,  the  owner  of  the  ranch  living  in  a cabin  within 
the  stockade.  Every  morning,  almost  invariably,  when  the  stockade 
door  was  opened  the  red  fox  was  waiting  to  come  in  and  visit  its 
former  comrades.  After  a little  while  it  began  to  dig  a den  near 
the  highest  corner  of  the  yard  and  spent  about  half  an  hour  each 
day  at  work  upon  it.  Apparently  this  fox  came  back  from  pure 
love  of  locality,  as  it  received  no  feed  at  the  ranch  after  its  libera- 
tion, and  after  spending  about  an  hour  at  the  ranch  each  day  it 
returned  to  the  forest.  Unfortunately  for  this  fox  its  association 
with  man  led  it  to  follow  trails  and  rob  Indian  snares  of  rabbits, 
till  finally  its  hide  hung  in  an  Indian  wigwam. 

FUR  ANIMAL  PRESERVES. 

The  attachment  shown  by  animals  for  their  accustomed  range,  their 
appreciation  of  sanctuaries  wherein  they  are  safe,  and  the  increase 
shown  by  fur  bearers  that  are  well  protected  indicate  that  it  is  prac-  , 
ticable  to  select  large  tracts  of  land  of  a suitable  character  and  make 
them  permanent  fur- animal  preserves,  where  dens  and  feed  will  be 
provided  and  the  animals  will  be  retained  merely  by  their  rations  j 
and  their  local  attachments.  Such  preserves  would  soon  become 
centers  of  radiation  from  which  would  come  a constant  overflow  of  , 
fur  bearers.  Private  preserves  may  be  used  to  obviate  some  of  the  • 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  farming  certain  fur  animals  in  small  yards, 
either  because  of  their  failure  to  breed  freely  in  confinement — as  mar- 
tens and  fishers — or  because  the  value  of  their  skins  is  not  sufficient  to 

! 

pay  returns  on  the  cost  of  building  yards  and  attending  to  their 
daily  needs,  in  which  latter  category  fall  skunks,  raccoons,  and  { 
opossums.  The  Forest  Service,  ever  alert  to  husband  natural  re-  ) 
sources,  has  proposed  that  National  Forests  be  administered  as  fur- 
animal  preserves  jointly  by  the  Forest  Service  and  the  State  game  I 
officials  for  the  benefit  of  the  State.  It  estimates  that  the  National 
Forests  of  Colorado  can  be  made  to  produce  $100,000  worth  of  fur 
annually  and  that  the  forests  of  Wyoming  can  be  made  to  produce 
as  much  as  those  of  Colorado  simply  by  conserving  the  wild  animals 
already  there.  The  report  in  which  this  suggestion  was  made  inci- 
dentally brought  out  the  fact  that  beavers  are  useful  in  storing 
water,  which  keeps  the  trout  streams  running  during  the  dry  season. 
In  one  instance  cited,  when  the  irrigation  reservoirs  had  all  been 
drained  during  a protracted  drought  and  crops  were  drying  up, 
beaver  dams  were  opened  on  four  different  creeks  in  the  mountains, 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  VII. 


BI426M 


Fig.  2. — Mink  Skins. 

A,  From  Northwestern  Alaska,  pale,  coarse 
haired,  and  very  large;  B,  from  Labrador, 
dark,  fine  haired,  and  comparatively  small. 
Mink  skins  from  Labrador  to  Hudson  Bay 
and  southward  to  the  Adirondack  Moun- 
tains and  Nova  Scotia  are  the  best  in  the 
world.  The  highest  price  paid  for  skins  in 
1920  was  $75. 


Fig.  L — Feeding  Minks. 

View  taken  on  the  Biological  Survey  Experi- 
mental Fur  Farm  in  the  Adirondacks 
This  illustrates  the  fact  that  wild  fur 
bearers  under  domestication  may  be  as 
friendly  with  their  keepers  as  arc  the  other 
live  stock  of  the  farm. 


BI42IM 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  VIII. 


Department  Circular  135,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Plate  IX. 


Pxate  VIII:  A,  Full  stripe;  B,  narrow  stripe.  Plate  IX:  A,  Short  stripe- 
white  there  is  on  a skin  the  more  valuable  it  is. 


B,  black. 


The  less 


11 


Maintenance  of  the  Fur  Supply. 


and  sufficient  water  was  thus  obtained  to  tide  the  crops  over  until  the 
fall  rains  came. 

The  characters  of  North  American  mammals  and  their  geograph- 
ical  distribution  are  now  well  known.  It  is  known,  for  example  that 
the  largest  minks  come  from  northwestern  Alaska,  while  the  ’best- 
furred  minks  are  found  from  the  Adirondacks  to  Nova  Scotia  and 
northward  to  Labrador  (see  PI.  VII,  B)  ; that  the  largest  well-furred 
skunk  is  the  northern  plains  animal,  while  the  region  in  which  the 
largest  proportion  of  black,  well-furred  skunks  are  found  extends 
from  eastern  Canada  southward  to  Pennsylvania  and  northern  Indi- 
ana ; and  that  the  so-called  black  muskrats  of  the  fur-sales  catalogues 
come  mainly  from  the  marshes  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 

It  is  thus  possible  to  stock  preserves  with  animals  of  the  very 
highest  quality  from  the  regions  where  such  animals  are  found,  or  by 
culling  out  the  poorer  specimens  in  localities  where  more  than  one 
grade  is  found,  as  in  the  case  of  skunks.  (See  Pis.  VIII  and  IX  ) 
It  has  been  estimated  that  a year’s  catch  of  skunks  in  New  York 
State  is  worth  $1,000,000.  Only  one-fifth  of  them  are  black  or  short 
striped.  If  all  were  of  this  higher  grade  they  would  be  worth 
$3,000,000.  Experiments  in  breeding  skunks  have  shown  that  black 
parents  regularly  produce  black  offspring.  A preserve  stocked  with 
black  skunks  would  eventually  double  or  treble  the  value  of  the  catch 
ol  skunks  in  the  territory  surrounding  it. 

Furthermore,  skunks  are  the  best  wild-animal  friends  the  farmer 
ias,  ana  there  ought  to  be  at  least  three  times  as  many  of  them  as 
there  now  are.  Almost  any  farmer  might  have  two  or  three  dozen 
s links  at  work  for  him  destroying  mice,  grasshoppers,  crickets,  and 
white  grubs  and  furnishing  him  from  $50  to  $100  worth  of  fur  a 
year  if  he  would  but  respect  their  dens,  keep  his  poultry  in  skunk- 
proof  yards,  kill  an  old  horse  for  them  every  fall,  and  be  tactful 
when  he  meets  them  in  the  evening. 

Federal,  State,  and  private  preserves  might  be  stocked  with  fur- 
bearmg  animals,  as  public  and  private  waters  are  stocked  with  fish. 

he  federal  Bureau  of  Fisheries  and  numerous  State  fish  and  game 
commissions,  fish  hatcheries,  game  farms,  and  game  preserves  have 
been  established  for  the  benefit  of  sportsmen  and  of  those  who  handle 
and  consume  fish.  The  results  of  these  movements  for  increasing  the 
supply  of  game  and  fish  certainly  justify  the  adoption  of  similar 
means  for  multiplying  fur-bearing  animals,  especially  when  the  rela- 
tive importance  of  fur  and  game,  from  the  industrial  and  commercial 
point  of  view,  is  considered. 


Jbjections  are  likely  to  be  raised  by  poultry  raisers  and  sportsmen 
agamst  a proposition  to  increase  the  numbers  of  fur  animals,  several 
of  which  are  more  or  less'  carnivorous.  The  poultryman’s  objection 
may  be  fair  y met  by  the  fact  that  he  can  use  dead  fowls  as  bait  for 
hese  animals,  and  easily  catch  enough  fur  to  pay  for  vermin-proof 
poultry  yards.  The  abundance  of  both  fur  and  game  prior  to  the 


12  Department  Circular  135 , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


advent  of  firearms  and  steel  traps  proves  that  fur  animals  are  not 
fatally  antagonistic  to  game. 

SUMMARY. 

Directly  or  indirectly,  fur  contributes  to  the  support  or  comfort 
of  a large  proportion  of  our  population.  We  import  as  much  fur  as 
we  produce.  In  other  words,  we  could  sell  at  home  twice  as  much 
fur  as  we  are  now  producing — not  to  speak  of  the  foreign  demand. 

The  greater  part  of  the  fur  grown  in  the  United  States  comes  from 
privately  owned  land.  Landowners  can  increase  and  improve  the 
fur  taken  on  their  property  and  make  of  it  a regular  source  of  income. 

A few  species  of  fur-bearing  animals  have  been  domesticated,  but 
with  the  single  exception  of  the  silver  fox,  none  are  being  farmed 
extensively  enough  to  influence  the  fur  market. 

Laws  protecting  fur  bearers  are  helpful ; at  present,  however,  they 
are  not  preventing  the  animals  from  decreasing  in  number.  There 
would  be  better  fur  and,  in  the  long  run,  more  of  it  if  the  open 
season  were  not  more  than  two  months  long. 

From  what  is  known  of  game  preserves  and  bird  sanctuaries  and 
of  the  behavior  of  fur  animals  that  have  been  confined  or  protected 
in  parks, ‘the  most  logical  step  to  be  taken  in  attempting  to  maintain 
a satisfactory  fur  supply  is  to  set  aside  fur- animal  preserves  and 
stock  them  with  the  best  animals  that  can  be  found,  the  animals  to 
be  fed,  furnished  with  dens,  and  allowed  full  liberty.  From  such 
preserves  choice  breeding  stock  could  be  obtained  for  private  use  or 
for  stocking  other  preserves.  The  territory  surrounding  such  pre- 
serves would  soon  become  the  choicest  trapping  regions  in  the 
country. 

CONCLUSION. 

In  order  to  make  fur-bearing  animals  a constant  source  of  profit 
it  is  necessary  that  stringent  protective  laws  for  their  conservation 
be  adopted  and  enforced.  , Such  laws  should  be  uniform  in  States 
having  similar  climatic  conditions.  The  open  season  should  be  short, 
and  limited  within  the  period  when  skins  are  prime.  The  use  of 
poison,  smoke,  gas,  or  fumes  in  taking  fur-bearing  animals  should 
be  prohibited.  Trappers  should  be  licensed  at  a nominal  fee  and 
required  to  report  the  number  and  value  of  their  catch  at  the  end  of 
every  trapping  season — this  information  to  be  published  annually 
for  the  enlightenment  of  the  public. 

It  is  suggested  that  State  game  commissions  and  State  agricul- 
tural experiment  stations  promote  the  raising  of  fur  bearers,  espe- 
cially foxes,  skunks,  and  muskrats,  which  are  being  propagated  with 
success ; that  they  investigate  methods  of  feeding  these  animals  and 
combating  their  parasites;  that  they  undertake  the  production  of 
improved  strains  by  selective  breeding;  and  that  they  study  the 
relations  of  fur  animals  in  general  to  agriculture  and  their  value  as 
an  asset  to  the  State. 


o 


THE  WORK  OF  THE 
NEWLANDS  RECLAMATION  PROJECT 
EXPERIMENT  FARAI  IN  1919 


By  F.  B.  HEADLEY 
Farm  Superintendent 


Residence  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  136 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry 
(Office  of  Western  Irrigation  Agriculture) 
WM.  A.  TAYLOR,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


November,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1920 


THE  WORK  OF  THE  NEWLANDS  RECLAMATION 
PROJECT  EXPERIMENT  FARM  IN  1919. 


CONTENTS. 


Page.  | 


Agricultural  conditions  on  the  project 3 

Crop  production  and  value 3 j 

Live-stock  production 4 ; 

Weather  conditions 5 

Character  of  the  workin  progress 7 

Varietal  and  cultural  tests  of  field  crops 7 

Barley  variety  tests 7 

Wheat  variety  tests 8 

Experiments  with  potatoes 9 


Tests  of  horticultural  crops 13 

Effect  of  acid  phosphate  on  tomatoes 13 

Sweet -corn  variety  tests 14 

Blossoming  dates  of  fruit  varieties 14 

Varieties  of  fruit  trees  to  plant 15 

Experiments  in  the  reclamation  ofalkalisoil. . 16 

Effect  of  manure  on  crop  yields 16 

Alkali  reclamation  experiments  in  field  Y . 17 

Alkali  reclamation  experiments  in  field  B.  18 


AGRICULTURAL  CONDITIONS  ON  THE  PROJECT. 

CROP  PRODUCTION  AND  VALUE. 

In  1919  the  net  area  under  irrigation  on  the  Newlands  project 
was  increased  from  42,311  to  44,324  acres,  which  is  an  increase  of  4.8 
per  cent  over  that  of  the  previous  year.  The  area  devoted  to  alfalfa 
was  increased  from  25,277  to  28,042  acres,  an  increase  of  nearly  11 
per  cent.  The  areas  planted  to  barley,  oats,  and  potatoes  were 
smaller  than  in  1918. 

About  63  per  cent  of  the  total  crop  area  of  the  project  is  in  alfalfa, 
but  this  area  produces  about  80  per  cent  of  the  total  crop  valuation! 
Alfalfa  is  the  great  money  crop,  and  upon  it  depends  the  more  im- 
portant live-stock  industries.  As  shown  in  Table  I,  the  value  of 
the  alfalfa  produced  in  1919  was  $1,485,600,  while  wheat,  which  ranks 
second,  was  worth  but  $166,532. 

The  average  gross  income  per  acre  to  the  farmers  has  nearly  quad- 
rupled since  1914,  not  so  much  because  of  the  more  efficient  production 
but  mostly  on  account  of  the  increased  market  values  of  the  crops. 
The  average  income  derived  by  the  farmers  for  each  acre  of  crop  pro- 
duced since  1911  has  been  as  follows: 

1916  $20.11 

1917  35.  90 

1918  38.43 

1919  42.54 

Table  I is  compiled  from  data  collected  by  the  United  States  Recla- 
mation Service.  It  shows  the  acreage,  yields,  and  market  values  of 
all  leading  crops  produced  on  the  Newlands  project  in  1919. 


1913 

1914 

1915 

3 


4 Department  Circular  136 , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  I. — Acreage , yields , and  farm  values  of  crops  produced  on  the  Newlands  Reclama- 
tion Project  in  1919. 


Crop. 

Area 

(acres). 

Unit 

of 

yield. 

Yields. 

Farm  values. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
acre. 

Per 
unit  of 
yield. 

Total. 

Aver- 
age per 
acre. 

Alfalfa  hay 

24,188 

Ton. . . 

92,850 

3.84 

$16. 00 

$1,485,600 

$69. 42 

Alfalfa  (planted  in  1919) 

3,854 

. . . do . . 

817 

.21 

16.00 

13,072 

3.39 

Barley 

519 

Bushel 

10,875 

21.0 

1.45 

15, 769 

30. 38 

Oats 

31 

. . . do . . 

937 

30.2 

.90 

843 

27.20 

Wheat 

5,423 

. . . do . . 

83,266 

15.4 

2.00 

166,532 

30.70 

Potatoes 

152 

...do.. 

24,366 

160.3 

1.50 

36,549 

240. 45 

Hay  (except  alfalfa^ 

351 

Ton... 

345 

.98 

15.00 

5,175 

14.74 

Garden  and  miscellaneous  crops  . . 

701 

95, 113 

135. 68 

Pasture: 

Alfalfa  . . . . 

43,327 

\H  other 

10, 247 

23,914 

2.33 

Irrigated  without  crop 

1,028 

Total  

46, 494 

1,885,894 

42. 54 

T.pqq  Hivnlirmtinim 

2,170 

1 

l/coo  uuputaiiuuo.  

^ et  acreage 

44,324 

In  order  to  ascertain  the  progress  made  in  the  production  of  the 
leading  crops,  Table  II  has  been  prepared,  showing  the  acreage  and 
production  of  alfalfa,  barley,  oats,  wheat,  and  potatoes  from  1912  to 
the  present  time.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  production  of  alfalfa 
has  gradually  and  steadily  increased,  while  the  acreage  devoted  to 
all  other  crops  has  been  subject  to  marked  fluctuations.  Wheat 
alone  has  shown  a steady  increase  since  1914.  Only  about  1,000 
acres  of  alfalfa  land  were  brokeu  up  for  other  crops  in  1919,  while 
nearly  four  times  that  acreage  was  newly  sown  to  alfalfa. 


Table  II. — Acreage  and  production  of  leading  crops  on  the  Newlands  Reclamation 
Project  in  the  8-year  period  from  1912  to  1919,  inclusive. 


Year. 

Alfalfa. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Wheat. 

Potatoes.  „ 

Acres. 

Tons. 

Acres. 

Bush- 

els. 

Acres. 

Bush- 

els. 

Acres. 

Bush- 

els. 

Acres. 

Bush- 

els. 

1912 

12,912 

33,595 

2,259 

74,792 

399 

16,875 

2,484 

40,600 

483 

65,633 

1913 

13,960 

45, 132 

1,880 

43,238 

283 

19,274 

1,590 

30,271 

416 

29,789 

1914 

13,212 

59,873 

1,329 

31,084 

417 

18,000 

1,446 

29, 164 

283 

23,800 

1915 

18, 273 

53,496 

1,733 

49,585 

428 

14,375 

2,582 

54,065 

196 

25, 133 

1916 

19,541 

61, 756 

1,658 

52,000 

107 

4,566 

2,861 

57, 733 

177 

29,400 

1917 

20,360 

72, 769 

1,116 

26,833 

27 

938 

2,532 

43,233 

322 

56, 433 

1918 

21,542 

77,442 

1,374 

35,333 

44 

1,856 

5,024 

98,800 

334 

50,833 

1919 

24, 188 

92,850 

519 

10,875 

31 

937 

5,423 

83, 266 

152 

24,366 

LIVE-STOCK  PRODUCTION. 

There  has  been  a very  decided  decrease  in  the  number  and  total 
estimated  value  of  the  live  stock  on  the  project.  Only  the  poultry 
'and  stands  of  bees  have  been  increased.  This  decrease  in  the  num- 
ber pf  live  stock  is  probably  associated  with  the  high  prices  and  com- 
paratively large  profits  to  be  derived  from  the  production  and  direct 


5 


Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


sale  of  farm  crops.  The  dairy  and  hog  industries,  especially,  are  at- 
tractive only  when  highly  profitable  and  are  subject  to  decline  when 
satisfactory  profits  can  be  made  from  the  direct  sale  of  alfalfa  and 
other  feeds.  The  actual  decline  in  the  number  of  dairy  cattle  has 
been  very  slight,  and  there  are  indications  that  the  best  cows  are 
being  retained.  This  weeding  out  of  the  poorer  animals  may  be  ex- 
pected to  result  in  the  development  of  superior  dairy  herds. 

In  1 able  III  are  compiled  data  concerning  the  number  and  value  of 
live  stock  on  the  Newlands  Reclamation  Project  in  December,  1919 
compared  with  similar  data  for  the  previous  year.  These  figures  are 
quoted  from  the  annual  report  of  the  United  States  Reclamation 
Service.  It  will  be  noted  that  there  has  been  an  actual  decrease  in 
the  value  of  live  stock  of  all  kinds  amounting  to  $24,790. 

Table  III.— Number  and  estimated  value  of  live  stock  on  the  Newlands  Reclamation 

Project  in  1918  and  1919. 


Inventory,  Dec. 


31  (number) — 


Values  in  1918. 


Values  in  1919. 


Item. 


1919 


Horses 

Mules 

Cattle: 

Dairy.... 

Other 

Sheep 

Hogs 

Fowls: 

Turkeys. . 
All  other. 
Bees,  hives. . . 


1918 


Total 

Net  decrease. 


3,394 

340 

1.895 

8,839 

3,560 

3,343 

4,746 
20,220 
1 , 589 


1919 


3,256 

276 

1,850' 
6,  778 
3,347 
3,048 

3,442 

25,932 

2,821 


In- 

crease. 


De- 

crease. 


5,712 

1,232 


138 

64 

45 

2,061 

213 

295 

1,304 


Unit. 


$79. 25 
76.47 

91.71 
42.51 
10. 80 
15.01 

3.15 

.92 

13.23 


I Total. 

Unit. 

Total. 

In-' 

crease. 

I De- 
crease. 

$268,990 

$80.40 

$261,785 

$7,205 

26,000 

74.05 

20, 440 

5,560 

173,785 

99.61 

184,285 

$10, 500 

375, 790 

48.92 

331,620 

44,170 

38, 464 

10.34 

34,612 

3,852 

50, 194 

14.48 

44,137 

6,057 

14,928 

3.94 

13,563 

1,365 

18,538 

.97 

25,232 

6,694 

21.029 

16.73 

47,254 

26,225 

987, 718 

962,928 

43,419 

68,209 

" 

24,790 

WEATHER  CONDITIONS. 

Weather  records  are  kept  in  cooperation  with  the  United  States 
TV  eather  Bureau,  the  Biophysical  Laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry,  and  the  University  of  Nevada.  In  1919  the  frost-free 
period  was  15  days  longer  than  normal,  the  last  killing  frost  in  spring 
occurring  May  6 and  the  first  in  autumn  on  September  22.  A light 
frost  occurred  on  the  morning  of  June  1,  which  nipped  the  leaves  of 
tender  plants  in  low  or  exposed  situations,  but  as  very  little  damage 
was  reported  it  was  not  classed  as  a killing  frost.  The  mean  tem- 
perature for  the  four  summer  months  was  somewhat  higher  than 
usual.  The  season  was  exceptionally  favorable  for  the  growth 
of  alfalfa,  fruit,  and  those  products  of  the  field  and  garden  which 
thrive  best  in  hot  weather.  Because  of  the  long,  hot  growing  season 
practically  all  varieties  of  corn  were  able  to  become  thoroughly 


6 Department  Circular  136,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

matured.  Irrigation  water  was  plentiful,  so  there  was  no  loss  from 
water  shortage.  The  total  precipitation  was  3.98  inches,  which  is 
82  per  cent  of  normal.  The  observations  for  the  year  1919  and  the 
average  of  all  years  since  observations  were  begun  are  presented  in 
Table  IY. 

Table  IV. — Summary  of  climatological  observations  at  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm 
for  the  14-year  period  from  1906  to  1919,  inclusive. 

Precipitation  (Inches). 


Year,  etc. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Average  for  14  vears 1 

For  1919 

0.80 

T. 

0. 47 

0.40 

.35 

0.56 

.40 

0. 45 
.36 

0.34 

.00 

0.20 

.09 

0. 16 
.00 

0.40 

.73 

0.35 

.18 

0.25 

.20 

0.49 

.74 

1 Evaporation  (Inches). 

Average  for  12  years 2 

For  1919 

1.21 

.577 

1.80 

1.624 

4.15 

4.00 

6. 21 
6.30 

8.27 

9.41 

10.00 
10. 43 

10.86 

11.60 

9. 75 
10.07 

6.61 

7.23 

3.92 
| 3.84 

2.05 

1.597 

0. 94 
.614 

Daily  Wind  Velocity  (Miles  per  Hour). 


Average  for  11  vears 3 

3.2 

3.8 

4.7 

5.3 

4.9 

4.1 

3.3 

3.0 

3.0 

2.7  2.8 

2.7 

For  1919 

1.3 

3.8 

4.6 

4.3 

3.1 

2.6 

2.0 

1.6 

2.3 

2.2  2.0 

1.9 

Aspect  of  the  Sky  (Days). 


Average  for  14  years 4 

Clear 

13.1 

13.0 

17.8 

17.9 

17.8 

22. 5i 

23.1 

24.9 

22.3 

23. 1| 

17.9 

14.5 

Partly  cloudy 

9.5 

7.7 

7.7 

7.4 

9.1 

4.4 

5.2 

3.9 

4.0 

3.P 

6.0 

7.0 

Cloudy 

8.4 

7.5 

5.5 

4.7 

4.1 

3.1 

2.7 

2.2 

3.7 

4.8 

6.  i 

9.5 

For  1919: 

Clear 

24.0 

8.0 

12.0 

10.0 

16.0 

26.0 

28.0 

26.0 

21.0 

21.0 

20.0 

10.0 

Partly  cloudy 

4.0 

10.0 

9.0 

13.0 

13.0 

4.0 

2.0 

5.0 

6.0 

6.0 

8.0 

8.0 

Cloudy.. 

3.0 

10.0 

10.0 

7.0 

2.0 

1.0 

3.0 

4.0 

! 2.0 

7.0 

1 

Temperature  (°F.). 


Year,  etc. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept] 

Oct. 

Nov.  | 

Dec. 

Average  for  14  years: 5 

61.3 

Absolute  maximum 

57.9 

63.6 

73.8 

81.2 

87.9 

95.4 

100.1 

98.9 

91.6 

82.6 

72.8 

Daily  maximum 

42.9 

49.4 

58.7 

66.  7 

72.4 

83.3 

92.9 

91.6 

80.2 

67.6 

55.  5 

44.2 

Absolute  minimum 

- 0.6 

7.4 

16.2 

20. 6 

28.1 

36.1 

44.1 

41.0 

30.2 

19.9 

9.2 

3.4 

Daily  minimum 

17.4 

23.3 

28.0 

34.9 

40.5 

47.3 

54.3 

51.7 

42.8 

32.9 

23.9 

18.6 

Monthly  mean 

30.0 

36.2 

43.3 

50.  7 

56.4 

65. 3 

73.5 

71.5 

61.4 

50.3 

39.7 

31.3 

14  year  record: 

72.0 

Highest  recorded 

70.0 

72.0 

79.0 

89. 0 

102.0 

101.0 

105. 0 

103.0 

95. 0 

89.0 

81.0 

Lowest  recorded 

-25.0 

-12.0 

9.0 

13.0 

! 21.0 

31.0 

38.0 

36.0 

26. 0 

13.0 

- 1.0 

j-  4.0 

For  the  year  1919: 

63.0 

Absolute  maximum 

63.0 

60.0 

72.0 

84.0 

97.0 

97.0 

103.0 

102  0 

89.0 

76.0 

71.0 

Mean  maximum 

44.6 

46.8 

56.  5 

68.  5 

81.0 

86.8 

96.6 

94.1 

80.6 

60.6 

52.3 

41.0 

Absolute  minimum 

- 4.0 

13.0 

14.0 

19.0 

30.0 

31.0 

45.0 

42.0 

33.0 

13.0 

.0 

- 4.0 

Mean  minimum 

13.6 

26.7 

27.7 

34.8 

45.3 

45.0 

55.6 

52.0 

40.8 

28.5 

19.2 

1 16.4 

Mean 

29.1 

36.8 

42.0 

51.7 

63.2 

65.9 

76.1 

73.0 

60.7 

44.6 

35. 8 

| *T 

1 January,  February,  and  March,  13  years. 

2 January  and  February,  9 years;  March,  11  years. 

3 January,  February,  March,  April,  and  November,  10  years. 

4 January,  February,  March,  and  October,  13  years. 

6 March  and  October.  13  years. 


Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  7 

Table  IV.— Summary  of  climatological  observations  at  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm 
Jor  the  14-year  period  from  1906  to  1919,  inclusive— Continued. 

Killing  Frosts. 


Y'ear. 

Last  in 

spring. 

First  in  autumn. 

Frost-free 

period 

(days). 

Date. 

Day  of 
year. 

Date. 

Day  of 
year. 

1906 

Af*  q v 

31 

t~\  n f-  A 

126 

1907 

Af  tty 

1D1 

UCl.  4 

277 

1908 

QA 

104 

0 ep  t.  1 J 

262 

126 

1909 

ivLcty 

1\JTqv 

ou 

9 A 

lou 

Sept.  25 

268 

118 

1910 

may 
A/f 'orr 

Z4 

1 9G 

Sept.  22 

265 

121 

1911 

iviay 

10 

97 

loO 

1/17 

Sept.  23 

256 

261 

120 

1912 

May 

Ma\? 

Z' 

99 

14/ 

1/19 

Sept.  18 

114 

1913 

ZZ 

13 

14Z 

199 

Sept.  25 

268 

126 

1914 

may 

\ pp 

10 

9J. 

140 

11  A 

Sept.  23 

266 

133 

1915 

A1  fiv 

Z4 

90 

114 
1 ,40 

Sept.  9 

252 

138 

1916 

may 

June 

zu 

1 

14J 

Sept.  14 

25 1 

117 

A 

91 

IOZ 
14  1 

Sept.  10 

253 

268 

101 

1918 

May 

Zi 

90 

141 

1 40 

Sept.  25 

127 

1919 

Vlav 

za 

a 

14U 
1 9R 

Oct.  7 

280 

131 

Average... 

- 

0 

1ZO 

Sept.  22 

265 

139 

Mov 

90 

1 Afi 

265 

125 

may 

zu 

I4U 

oept.  zz 

CHARACTER  OF  THE  WORK  IN  PROGRESS. 

In  1919  the  work  of  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm,  which  is 
located  about  1 mile  south  of  the  town  of  Fallon,  Churchill  County, 
Nev.,  consisted  of  (1)  recording  the  weather  conditions  at  the  Experi- 
ment Farm,  (2)  variety  tests  of  general  farm  crops,  (3)  variety  tests 
of  horticultural  crops,  (4)  field  experiments  in  the  reclamation  of 
alkali  soil,  and  (5)  laboratory  work  relating  to  local  problems  in 
crop  production.  In  previous  years  from  30  to  50  acres  were  planted 
annually  on  private  farms,  consisting  of  varietal  and  horticultural 
tests  of  the  farm  crops  of  greatest  economic  value  for  this  project. 
Because  of  a lack  of  funds  this  work  and  also  the  cooperative  work 
with  farmers  in  keeping  temperature  records  was  discontinued. 

VARIETAL  AND  CULTURAL  TESTS  OF  FIELD  CROPS. 


BARLEY  VARIETY  TESTS. 

Six  varieties  of  barley  were  planted  on  March  24  on  plats  H-14 
and  H-15.  All  varieties  used  were  grown  in  the  variety  tests  of  the 
previous  year.  In  all  previous  years  the  variety  tests  of  barley  have 
been  conducted  on  private  farms  on  plats  that  were  seldom  less  than 
one-quarter  acre  in  size,  but  in  1919  all  cooperative  work  with  farm- 
ers was  abandoned  and  it  was  necessary  to  plant  on  small  plats,  each 
avmg  an  area  of  0.074  acre.  All  varieties  were  planted  in  dupli- 
cate^ The  borders  were  planted  to  wheat,  which  was  cut  out  with  a 
scythe  before  the  barley  was  ripe.  A blank  space  of  2 feet  was  left 
between  varieties.  The  varieties  were  harvested  July  1 1 and  thrashed 
July  23.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  yields  in  1919,  as  given  in  Table  V 
were  very  low,  but  the  rank  of  the  varieties  is  the  same  as  for  the 
previous  year  and  varies  but  little  from  the  5-year  average,  which  is 
also  shown  in  the  table. 


8 Department  Circular  136,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  V. — Tests  of  six  varieties  of  barley  grown  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in 
the  5-year  period  from  1915  to  1919,  inclusive. 


Variety. 

Results  in  1919. 

Summary  for  the  5-year  period. 

Rank. 

Actual  yield 
(pounds). 

Yield  per 
acre. 

Yields  per  acre  (pounds). 

Average. 

Series 

I. 

Series 

II. 

Aver- 

age. 

Pounds. 

Bush- 

els. 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

Pounds. 

Bush- 

els. 

Coast 

1 

79.0 

80.4 

79.7 

1,077 

22.4 

2,040 

1,765 

979 

2,436 

1,077 

1,659 

34.6 

Trebi 

2 

72.8 

61.8 

67.3 

909 

18.9 

1,135 

1,926 

909 

1,323 

27.6 

Chevalier 

3 

67.6 

57.4 

62.5 

845 

17.6 

1,504 

833 

1,726 

845 

1,227 

25.6 

Svanhals 

4 

71.1 

48.1 

59.6 

805 

16.8 

1,435 

1,408 

842 

1,672 

805 

1,232 

25.7 

Hannchen 

5 

59.6 

54.4 

57.0 

770 

16.0 

1,581 

1,456 

1,040 

1,645 

770 

1,298 

27.0 

Nepal 

6 

36.8 

31.3 

34.1 

460 

9.6 

1,218 

1,292 

510 

1,570 

460 

1,010 

21.0 

WHEAT  VARIETY  TESTS. 

Eight  varieties  of  wheat  were  planted  March  10  on  plats  H-l  and 
H-2.  Each  of  these  plats  was  subdivided  into  twelve  smaller  ones, 
each  having  an  area  of  0.022  acre.  Plantings  were  made  in  tripli- 
cate. The  borders  were  planted  to  barley,  which  was  cut  with  a 
scythe  before  the  wheat  was  ripe.  Soon  after  the  wheat  was  up,  a 
sand  storm  cut  the  leaf  blades  back  to  the  ground,  and  the  crop  was 
seriously  damaged.  The  varieties  were  harvested  July  18  and 
thrashed  five  days  later. 

It  will  be  noted  that  there  is  a decided  variation  between  the  rank 
of  the  varieties  in  1919  and  the  5-year  average,  which  may  have  re- 
sulted from  the  fact  that  the  windstorm  in  early  spring  did  not  dam- 
age all  of  the  sub  plats  in  an  equal  degree.  Table  VI  presents  the 
results  of  the  1919  experiment  and  the  yield  of  all  varieties  except 
Early  Baart  for  a period  of  five  years.  As  noted  in  previous  reports, 
Little  Club  is  the  most  productive  variety  and  should  be  planted 
when  wheat  for  feeding  purposes  is  desired,  but  it  is  not  so  desirable 
as  hard  wheat  for  milling  purposes. 


Table  VI. — Tests  of  varieties  of  wheat  grown  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  the 
5-year  period  from  1915  to  1919,  inclusive. 


Variety. 

Results  in  1919. 

Summary  for  the  5-year  period. 

Rank. 

Yield  per  plat 
(pounds). 

Yield  per 
acre. 

Rank. 

Yields  per  acre  (bushels). 

Series  I. 

Series  II. 

Series  III. 

Total. 

Pounds. 

Bushels. 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

Total. 

Average. 

Bluestem 

1 

15.0 

22.4 

23.6 

61.0 

924 

15.4 

6 

38.5 

42.1 

37.2 

37.0 

15.4 

170.2 

34.0 

Little  Club 

2 

14.1 

24.1 

21.0 

59.2 

897 

15.0 

1 

45.  5 

52.2 

50.8 

47.1 

15.0 

210.6 

42.1 

Defiance 

3 

19. 1 

17.4 

20.0 

56.5 

856 

14.3 

4 

39.0 

42.8 

44.3 

37.0 

14.3 

177.4 

35. 5 

Dicklow 

4 

12.8 

19.2 

20.4 

52.4 

794 

13.2 

3 

41.6 

42.3 

51.1 

37.8 

13.2 

186.0 

37.2 

Sonora 

5 

9.4 

18.  7, 

21.  8 

49.9 

756 

12.6 

5 

40.5 

37.2 

46.2 

35.4 

12.6 

171.9 

34.4 

Rieti 

6 

10.5 

20.3 

15.1 

45.9 

695 

11.6 

2 

42.7 

48. 5 

45.2 

39.2 

11.6 

187.2 

37.4 

T7qrl \t  Tinnrf 

7 

15.  8 

10.  4 

15. 3 

41.  5 

629 

10  5 

10.5 

i y udtii  t . .......... 

Marquis 

8 

7.  2 

9^3 

17^8 

34.3 

520 

8.7 

1 

37. 3 

40.9 

51.0 

29.5 

8.7 

167.4 

33.5 

9 


Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 

EXPERIMENTS  WITH  POTATOES. 

The  potato  industry  on  the  Newlands  project  suffered  a marked 
decline  m 1919,  probably  because  of  the  increasing  prevalence  of 
Fusarium  blight,  vhich  renders  unmarketable  a large  percentage  of 
the  tubers.  Only  152  acres  were  reported  as  having  been  planted  in 
1919.  Unless  means  are  found  and  adopted  for  effectually  control- 
ling this  disease  it  will  be  impossible  for  the  potato  industry  to  reach 
a position  of  importance  among  the  crops  of  the  project. 

OUTLINE  OF  THE  EXPERIMENTS. 

The  potato  experiments  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in- 
eluded  (1)  tests  of  time  of  planting;  (2)  tests  of  distance  of  planting; 
(3)  comparison  of  whole  and  cut  seed,  size  of  seed  pieces,  and  size  of 
seed  tubers;  (4)  variety  tests;  (5)  treatment  of  eelworm-infected  seed. 

The  yields  obtained  during  the  season  of  1919  were  for  some  reason 
much  lower  than  the  average  of  former  years.  All  the  experiments 
except  the  variety  test  were  either  duplicated  or  triplicated. 

TIME-OF-PLANTING  TESTS. 

Plantings  were  made  for  six  consecutive  weeks,  beginning  with 
April  15.  This  experiment  has  been  conducted  in  a similar  manner 
for  a period  of  three  years.  In  1919  the  test  was  carried  on  in  dupli- 
cate, each  row  being  120  feet  long.  The  yields  reported  (Table  VII) 
are  for  marketable  tubers  only. 

Table  Yll.—Time-of -planting  tests  with  potatoes  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in 

1917 , 1918,  and  1919. 


Time  of  planting. 

Yields  per  100-foot  row 
(pounds). 

Time  of  planting. 

Yields  per  100-foot  row 
(pounds). 

1917 

1918 

1919 

Aver- 

age. 

1917 

1918 

1919 

Aver- 

age. 

April  15  to  April  19 

April  22  to  April  26 

April  29  to  May  3 

84 

94 

32 

70 

May  6 to  May  10 

86 

98 

26 

49 

7 n 

99 

124 

35 

86 

May  13  to  May  17 

102 

75 

#u 

111 

86 

31 

76 

May  20  to  May  24 

72 

/ 0 

: — 

— 

71 

19 

54 

In  1919  the  yield  obtained  from  the  planting  made  on  May  13  was 
decidedly  higher  than  the  others.  In  the  two  tests  of  previous  years 
the  highest  yields  were  obtained  from  plantings  made  about  the  first 
of  May.  To  judge  from  the  results  of  the  three  years,  it  seems  that  it 
is  safe  to  plant  potatoes  from  the  middle  of  April  to  the  middle  of 

May,  but  plantings  made  after  the  latter  date  are  likely  to  be  less 
productive. 

DISTANCE-OF-PLANTING  TESTS. 

In  this  experiment  seed  pieces  were  dropped  in  the  row  at  distances 
of  6,  12,  18,  and  24  inches.  The  average  yields  per  100  feet  of  row 
are  given  in  Table  VIII.  There  is  a gradual  decline  in  total  pro- 
duction as  the  distance  of  planting  is  increased,  but  when  the  market- 
8652°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  136,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

able  tubers  are  considered  it  is  seen  that  the  distance  of  planting 
does  not  so  materially  affect  the  result.  There  is  a tendency  for  the 
culls  to  increase  with  the  closer  planting.  The  indications  are  that 
the  usual  planting  distance  of  18  inches  is  approximately  correct. 

Table  VIII. — Distance-of-planting  tests  with  potatoes  on  the  Newlands  Experiment 

Farm  in  1919. 


Distances  of  planting  in  row. 

Yields  per  100-foot  row 
(pounds). 

Market- 

able. 

Culls. 

Total. 

6 inches 

81 

33 

114 

12  inches - 

72 

28 

100 

ISinf'.hp.s  . . 

81 

17 

98 

24  inr»he<?  _ . 

65 

20 

85 

PREPARATION  OF  SEED  TESTS. 

This  experiment  was  conducted  for  the  purpose  of  comparing  the 
use  of  whole,  halved,  and  quartered  seed  and  of  tubers  of  different 
sizes  on  the  yield  of  the  resulting  crop.  In  comparing  whole,  halved, 
and  quartered  seed,  tubers  for  seed  as  nearly  uniform  in  size  as  possible 
were  selected.  Plantings  were  made  in  triplicate.  The  average  yield 
of  usable  potatoes  and  the  percentage  of  stand  obtained  are  shown  in 
Table  IX. 

In  this  experiment  the  whole  seed  produced  better  than  the  cut 
seed  and  the  halved  seed  better  than  the  quartered.  In  an  experi- 
ment of  this  character,  where  unequal  quantities  of  seed  are  used 
according  to  the  size  of  the  seed  pieces,  it  is  necessary  to  calculate 
the  net  yield  by  subtracting  the  weight  of  the  seed  planted  from  the 
actual  yield.  The  net  yields  per  100-foot  row  are  shown  in  the  last 
column  of  the  table. 


Table  IX. — Preparation  of  seed  tests  with  potatoes  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm* 

in  1919. 


Stand 
(per  cent). 

Results  per  100-foot 
row  (pounds). 

Character  of  seed  used. 

Seed 

used. 

Yields. 

Gross. 

Net. 

Tubers  nearly  uniform  in  size: 

Whole  seed  

91 

14 

89 

75 

Cut  seed — 

Halved 

90 

7 

63 

56 

Qiiflrt.fvrpd  

89 

4 

57 

53 

Tubers  of  different  sizes: 

Large- 

Whole 

67 

31 

46 

15 

Cut  

66 

7 

46 

39 

Medium — 

Whole  

72 

13 

37 

24 

Out,  

74 

5 

20 

15 

. Small— 

"Whnlp  _ ...... 

79 

7 

27 

20 

Cut.  : 

72 

3 

22 

19 

Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  -q 

In  that  part  of  these  experiments  wherein  the  size  of  the  seed  tu- 
bers was  taken  into  consideration,  the  potatoes  were  graded  into  large, 
medium,  and  small.  By  small  tubers  is  meant  those  weighing  less 
than  4 ounces;  medium  tubers,  those  weighing  from  4 to  8 ounces; 
and  large  tubers  those  weighing  more  than  8 ounces.  Whole  and 
cut  seed  of  the  three  grades  was  prepared  and  planted  in  triplicate. 
The  results  are  shown  in  Table  IX. 

The  planting  of  whole  seed  of  large  potatoes  does  not  appear  to  be 
advisable,  because  of  the  greater  quantity  of  seed  used.  Large  pota- 
toes cut  produced  a decidedly  higher  net  yield  than  either  medium  or 
small  seed  either  whole  or  cut. 

Whole  seed  of  medium-sized  potatoes  returned  a slightly  larger 
net  yield  than  either  medium  or  small  seed  cut  and  also  a larger 
yield  than  fiom  the  small  potatoes  planted  whole.  It  appears  that 
the  use  of  small  seed  is  not  so  profitable  as  the  use  of  larger  seed. 

POTATO  VARIETY  TESTS. 

Ten  varieties  of  potatoes  were  grown  on  the  experiment  farm  in 
1919.  There  was  considerable  difference  in  the  relative  yields  or 
rank  of  the  varieties  for  this  year  and  for  the  two  previous  years.  In 
1919  the  Irish  Cobbler  gave  the  highest  returns,  although  during  a 
period  of  five  years  the  average  yield  of  this  variety  was  the  lowest 
of  seven  on  trial. 

The  details  of  the  variety  test  for  1919  are  given  in  Table  X,  which 
also  includes  a summary  of  the  average  yields  and  rank  of  seven  varie- 
ties for  five  years.  The  Burbank,  as  a rule,  appears  to  be  the  highest 
yielding  variety,  but  it  has  the  disadvantage  of  producing  more 
second  growth  than  any  of  the  others. 


Table  X.  Variety  tests  of  potatoes  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  for  the  6-vear 
period  from  1914  to  1919,  inclusive. 


Variety. 

Results  in  1919. 

Summary  for  the  6-year  period. 

Yield 

row 

Is  per  100-foot 
' (pounds). 

Stand 

(per 

cent). 

Rank. 

Yields  per  100-foot  row  (pounds). 

Mar- 

ket- 

able. 

Culls. 

Total. 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

Aver- 

age.- 

[rish  Cobbler 

Early  Freeman 

Producer 

Burbank 

63 

52 

55 

55 

50 

45 

46 
34 
25 
17 

12 

7 

11 

11 

16 

9 

7 

6 

6 

7 

75 

58 

66 

66 

66 

54 

53 

40 

31 

24 

85 

68 

88 

91 

82 

72 

80 

57 

70 

68 

7 

6 

25 

41 

26 

21 

27 

43 

65 

91 

133 

106 

63 

52 

56 

59 

American  Wonder  . 

Earliest  of  All 

Colorado  Pearl 

'Jetted  Burbank 

3]ug  Victor 

3 
2 

4 

H 30 

61 

27 

50 

50 

51 
43 

40 

44 
26 

45 

147 

99 

140 

120 

154 

96 

108 

116 

55 

50 

45 

46 

79 

68 

72 

66 

Scotch  Rose 

1 

25 

33 

186 

25 

61 

12  Department  Circular  136,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


TREATMENT  OF  EELWORM-INFECTED  SEED. 

The  experiment  with  seed  potatoes  infected  with  eelworms  was  con- 
ducted according  to  the  plan  followed  in  1918.  Potatoes  heavily 
infected  with  eelworms  were  selected  for  seed  and  given  treatment  by 
heat  for  varying  lengths  of  time  and  at  different  temperatures.  The 
plantings  were  made  in  duplicate,  and  noninfected  potatoes  were 
planted  every  third  row.  These  check  rows  were  used  as  a measure 
of  the  productiveness  of  the  land  area  between  any  two  rows,  and  the 
yields  of  the  infected  seed  were  calculated  in  percentages  of  the  yields 
of  the  two  nearest  check  rows.  The  soil  was  not  uniformly  produc- 
tive, and  this  method  increases  the  accuracy  of  the  results  over  what 
they  would  be  without  the  use  of  the  check  rows. 

It  appears  that  treatments  of  30°  C.  for  24  hours  and  possibly  of 
35°  C.  for  12  hours  were  beneficial  and  resulted  in  a better  stand  and 
higher  yield.  In  general,  it  may  be  considered  that  prolonging  the 
heat  treatment  or  increasing  the  temperature  to  more  than  40°  C. 
has  the  effect  of  reducing  the  yield. 

EFFECT  OF  THE  TREATMENT  OF  SEED  POTATOES  INFECTED  WITH  EELWORMS  UPON 
THE  INFECTION  OF  RESULTING  CROPS. 

In  Table  XI  the  results  of  the  eelworm  count  of  the  crop  grown 
from  infected  seed  which  had  been  given  various  treatments  are 
given  in  detail.  In  counting,  the  potatoes  were  divided  into  four 
classes  according  to  the  degree  of  infection:  (1)  No  infection,  (2) 
light,  (3)  medium,  and  (4)  heavy  infection.  In  order  to  make  it 
possible  to  compare  the  efficiency  of  one  treatment  with  another 
they  were  scored  so  that  a single  number  represented  the  relative 
infection.  The  scoring  is  performed  by  deducting  from  100  per  cent 
for  each  1 per  cent  infection  as  follows:  Heavy  infection,  1 per  cent; 
medium  infection,  two-thirds  of  1 per  cent;  light  infection,  one-third 
of  1 per  cent;  no  infection,  no  deduction. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  there  was  a light  infection  even  in  the 
check  rows  in  which  seed  free  from  eelworms  was  used.  The  average 
score  of  the  check  rows  was  95  per  cent.  It  is  not  known  whether 
this  infection  resulted  from  eelworms  originally  in  the  soil,  or  in  the 
seed  used,  or  from  migrations  of  eelworms  from  the  rows  adjoining 
where  infected  seed  was  used.  A measure  of  the  efficiency  of  the 
treatments  is  obtained  by  comparing  the  scores  of  the  infested  rows 
with  the  scores  of  the  nearest  check  rows.  In  the  last  column  of 
Table  XI  it  is  seen  that  the  infection  was  greater  than  that  in  the 
check  rows  for  the  following  treatments:  Untreated,  30°  C.  for  24 
hours,  35°  C.  for  12  hours,  35°  C.  for  24  hours,  and  45°  C.  for  12 
hours.  All  the  remainder  of  the  treatments  appeared  to  be  100  per 
cent  efficient  in  so  far  as  eelworm  infection  was  concerned. 


Newlartds  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  ]_3 

TABLE  J}f~7-E^eCL°/  the  1tr.eatment  of  seed  potatoes  infected  with  eelworms  uvon  the 
infection  of  the  resulting  crop  at  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Treatment  of  seed  (tem- 
perature data  in  ° C.). 


Check 

Untreated 

Held  at  30°  for  24  hours 

Check 

Held  at  35°  for  12  hours. . . 
Held  at  35°  for  24  hours 

Check 

Held  at  35°  for  48  hours . . . 
Held  at  40°  for  6 hours 

Check 

Held  at  40°  for  12  hours . . . 
Held  at  40°  for  24  hours . . . 

Check 

Held  at  40°  for  36  hours 
Held  at  45°  for  6 hours. 

Check ' 

Held  at  45°  for  12  hours . . . 


200 

200 

200 

200 

200 

200 

200 

117 

200 

200 

172 

182 

200 

145 

121 

200 

58 


Potatoes  infected. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

i 

None. 

Light. 

Medium. 

Heavy. 

None. 

Light. 

Medium. 

Heavy. 

158 

40 

1 

1 

79.0 

20 

0.  5 

0. 5 

116 

65 

14 

5 

58.0 

32.5 

7.0 

2. 5 

128 

49 

11 

12 

64.0 

24.5 

5.5 

6.0 

179 

19 

1 

1 

89.5 

9.5 

. 5 

. 5 

122 

64 

11 

3 

61 

32 

5.  5 

1. 5 

133 

59 

8 

0 

66.5 

29.5 

4.0 

0 

170 

29 

1 

0 

85.0 

14.5 

.5 

o 

110 

6 

1 

0 

94.0 

5.  0 

0 

o 

178 

21 

1 

0 

89.0 

10.5 

. 5 

o 

171 

28 

1 

0 

85.5 

14.0 

.5 

o 

163 

9 

0 

0 

95.0 

5.0 

0 

o 

165 

17 

0 

0 

91.0 

9.0 

0 

o 

170 

28 

2 

0 

85.0 

14.0 

1.0 

o 

129 

12 

4 

0 

89.0 

8.0 

3.  0 

o 

105 

15 

1 

0 

87.0 

12.0 

1.  0 

o 

166 

33 

1 

0 

83.0 

16.5 

.5 

o 

46 

10 

2 

0 

79.5 

17.0 

3.5 

0 

Score  of 
adjoining 
check  rows. 


92§ 

82 

82 

96 

84 

87| 

95 
98 

96 
95 
98 

97 
95 
95 
95 
94 
92 


95 


> c3 
Pi 


-11 

-13 


94 


-12 
■ n 


+ 3 

+ 1 


+ 3 
+ 2 


0 

+ 1 


TESTS  OF  HORTICULTURAL  CROPS. 

EFFECT  OF  ACID  PHOSPHATE  ON  TOMATOES. 

For  the  experiment  to  show  the  effect  of  acid  phosphate  20  plants 
of  harhana  tomatoes  were  set  in  each  of  15  rows.  The  yields  of  the 
two  border  rows  were  determined,  but  not  considered  in  estimating 
the  results  of  this  experiment.  In  the  remaining  13  rows,  alternate 
rows  were  used  as  checks  and  received  no  treatment.  The  remaining 
rows  were  treated  with  acid  phosphate,  as  shown  in  Table  XII. 

he  fertilizer  was  weighed  and  applied  by  mixing  it  with  the  earth 
around  each  plant. 

It  will  be  noted  that  only  a small  percentage  of  the  plants  matured 
tomatoes  The  loss  was  due  to  Fusarium  blight,  which  was  prevalent 
and  caused  greater  losses  m tomatoes  in  1919  than  in  any  previous 
year.  The  loss  was  greater  among  the  fertilized  plants  than  among 
those  in  the  check  rows,  the  average  loss  being  51  per  cent  in  the 
check  rows  and  61  per  cent  in  the  fertilized  rows. 

The  total  yield  of  the  six  fertilized  rows  was  370  pounds,  or  62 
pounds  per  row,  and  the  yield  of  the  seven  check  rows  was  474 
pounds,  or  68  pounds  per  row.  This  reduction  in  yield  by  the  addi- 
lon  of  the  acid  phosphate  was  the  result  of  the  increased  loss  of  plants 
y disease  rather  than  an  actual  lessening  of  the  yield,  for  the  average 

rows  £7  Plmt,°f  fertll'f!(l  rows  was  7-9  pounds  and  of  the  check 
rows  6.9  pounds.  It  is  probable,  therefore,  that  the  addition  of  acid 

blight  6 7 f U"m,l  beneficial  duri«g  seasons  when  Fusarium 

ght  not  prevalent.  This  one  experiment  is  not,  of  course,  suffi- 


14  Department  Circular  136,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

cient  to  prove  that  there  is  a relationship  between  the  addition  of  the 
phosphate  and  the  loss  of  the  plants  by  Fusarium  blight. 


Table  XII. — Effect  of  the  application  of  add  phosphate  on  the  growth  and  yield  of 
tomatoes  at  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Row. 

Treatment. 

Number  of  plants. 

Loss  of 
plants 
(per 
cent). 

Yield  (pounds). 

Set. 

Matur- 

ing. 

Total. 

Per 

plant. 

No.  1 

Border 

20 

4 

80 

42 

10. 5 

No.  2 

Check..  . 

20 

5 

75 

59 

in  q 

No.  3 

Phosphate,  1 ounce  per  plant 

20 

6 

70 

73 

lU.  v 
12.  2 

No.  4 

Check 

20 

10 

50 

121 

19  1 

No.  5 

Phosphate,  2 ounces  per  plant. . 

20 

7 

65 

75 

10  4. 

No.  6 

Check 

20 

10 

50 

97 

iu.  *± 

9. 7 

No.  7 

Phosphate,  3 ounces  per  plant.. 

20 

7 

65 

83 

11. 8 

No.  8 

Check 

20 

11 

45 

70 

6*4 

No.  9 

Phosphate,  1 ounce  per  plant 

20 

8 

60 

62 

7*8 

No.  10 

Check....  . 

20 

11 

45 

52 

4*  7 

No.  11 

Phosphate,  2 ounces  per  plant 

20 

9 

55 

39 

4.3 

No.  12 

Check 

20 

12 

40 

34 

2^8 

No.  13 

Phosphate,  3 ounces  per  plant 

20 

10 

50 

38 

3^8 

No.  14 

Check 

20 

10 

50 

41 

4. 1 

No.  15 

Border 

20 

18 

10 

61 

3.#4 

SWEET-CORN  VARIETY  TESTS. 

Seven  varieties  of  sweet  corn  were  tested  on  the  experiment  farm 
in  1919.  They  were  planted  in  duplicate  by  hand.  The  results  are 
shown  in  Table  XIII. 

Table  XIII. — Yields  of  sweet-corn  varieties  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Rank. 

Variety. 

Yield  (pounds). 

Total, 
length 
of  rows 
(feet). 

Weight 
per  100- 
foot  row 
(pounds). 

Row  I. 

Row  II. 

Total. . 

1 

Black  Mexican 

95 

93 

188 

539 

35 

2 

Early  Sugar 

105 

81 

186 

539 

34.5 

3 

Peep  o’ Day 

54 

99 

153 

539 

28.4 

4 

Country  Gentlemen 

98 

35 

133 

539 

24.7 

5 

Golden  Bantam 

79 

38 

117 

479 

24.4 

6 

Columbus  Market 

33 

52 

85 

539 

15.8 

7 

Narrow- Grained  Evergreen 

22 

37 

59 

539 

11.0 

The  Black  Mexican  variety  leads  in  production,  with  Early  Sugar 
a close  second.  Narrow-Grained  Evergreen  gave  the  smallest  yields 
per  100  feet  of  row.  The  ranks  of  the  varieties  differ  somewhat  from 
the  previous  year.  In  1918  the  Country  Gentlemen  gave  the  largest 
yields,  with  the  Black  Mexican  second.  On  account  of  its  dark  color 
the  Black  Mexican  does  not  look  as  pleasing  as  the  other  varieties, 
especially  when  canned. 

BLOSSOMING  DATES  OF  FRUIT  VARIETIES. 

During  the  4-year  period,  1916-1919,  inclusive,  blossoming  records 
have  been  kept  of  all  trees  in  field  A-4.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the 
great  variation  from  year  to  year  in  the  dates  of  the  first  opening  of 
the  buds.  The  average  date  of  the  opening  of  the  first  blossoms 
of  the  apple  trees  in  the  orchard  have  been  as  follows:  1916,  19  trees, 


Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  15 

April  17;  1917,  21  trees,  May  7;  1918,  21  trees,  April  29-  1919  19 
trees,  April  23.  (Table  XIV.) 

The  trees  are  in  full  bloom  from  five  to  nine  days  after  the  first 
blossoms  appear. 

Table  XI V .-Blossoming  dates  of  fruit-tree  varieties  on  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm 
during  the  4-year  period , 1916  to  1919 , inclusive. 


Row,  tree  number,  and 
kind. 


Row  I: 

1 (apple)... 

2 (apple)... 

3 (apple).... 

4 (apple).... 

5 (apple).... 

6 (apple).... 

7 (apple).... 

8 (apple).... 
Row  II: 

1 (apple).... 

2 (apple).... 

3 (apple).... 

4 (apple).... 

5 (apple).... 

6 (apple).... 

7 (apple).... 

8 (crab) 

Row  III: 

2 (apple).... 
4 (apple).... 
Row  IV: 

1 (crab) 

2 (apple).... 

3 (apple) 

Row  V: 

1 (pear) 

2 (pear) 

3 (pear) 

Row  VI: 

1 (pear) 

2 (plum) 

3 (prune) 


Variety. 


Buds  first  open. 


1916 


Arkansas  Black . 

Ben  Davis 

Akin 

Ralls ; 

Sierra  

Shackleford . . . 

Babbitt 

Banana 


Coos 

Opalescent ] 

Yellow  Bellflower. 

Gano 

Red  Astrachan 

Golden  Sweet 

Mann 

Hyslop 


Wispier . 
Waxen.. 


. . -do. 
Apr.  14 
Apr.  20 

Apr.  18 
Apr.  20 
Apr.  13 
Apr.  20 
Apr.  13 
Apr.  18 


Transcendent . . . 
Winter  Banana. 
Haas 


Barry... 
Kieffer. . 
Worden. 


Easter  Beurre. 

Climax 

Sugar 


Apr.  13 

Apr.  14 
Apr.  13 


. -do 

Apr.  30 


1 

1 1917 

1918 

’ May  7 

Apr.  30 

1 ...do 

Apr.  29 

...do 

Apr.  30 

! May  12 

May  5 

1 May  7 

Apr.  30 

- ...do 

. . .do 

. . .do 

Apr.  26 

. . .do 

Apr.  28 

. . -do 

Apr.  30 

May  10 

May  1 

...do 

Apr.  27 

...do 

Apr.  28 

May  4 

Apr.  26 

May  7 

May  1 

. May  1 

...do 

...do 

Apr.  28 

May  5 

...do 

May  6 

Apr.  29 

Apr.  30 

Apr.  19 

May  10 

Apr.  30 

...do 

May  2 

Apr.  25 

Apr.  20  . 

Apr.  30 

Apr.  15 

Apr.  20  . 

Apr.  13 

Apr.  18  . 

Apr.  20 

Apr.  17 

Apr.  26 

1919 


Apr.  25 
Apr.  23 
Do. 

Apr..  22 
Apr.  23 
Apr.  22 
Do. 

Apr.  25 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Apr.  23 
Apr.  24 
Apr.  23 


Apr.  25 
Apr.  23 


Apr.  12 


VARIETIES  OF  FRUIT  TREES  TO  PLANT. 

Many  inquiries  come  in  each  year,  chiefly  from  new  settlers,  asking 
for  information  m regard  to  the  varieties  of  fruit  trees  best  adapted 
to  this  region.  The  varieties  mentioned  in  the  lists  below  are  gen- 
erafly  known  to  be  successfully  grown  on  the  Newlands  project 
Undoubtedly  many  other  desirable  varieties  will  be  added  in  the 
next  few  years.  No  attempt  is  made  to  present  a complete  list  of 
desirable  varieties  but  it  is  intended  to  name  those  which  are  known 
to  be  successful.  Mr.  C.  G.  Swingle  has  kindly  assisted  by  furnish- 
ing a list  of  varieties  producing  most  satisfactorily  on  his  ranch 
those  shown  in  black-faced  type  are  recommended  for  first  choice. 

APPLES. 

££%£££*"•  TranSParent’  **  Astrachan,  Maiden 

Fall  and  early-winter  varieties.  Wagener,  Wealthy,  Early  Melon,  McIntosh  Red 
Winter  varieties. —Black  Ben,  Gano,  Delicious,  Jonathan,  King  David  Banana 
Yellow  Bellflower,  Grimes  (Grimes  Golden),  Winesap. 


16  Department  Circular  136,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


APRICOTS. 


Apricots  are  not  recommended  for  extensive  planting,  as  they  are  frequently  caught 
by  the  late  spring  frosts. 


CHERRIES. 


Some  of  the  common  sour  varieties  fruit  nearly  every  season,  but  the  sweet  cherries 
are  less  reliable  bearers.  Of  the  sour  varieties,  plant  Early  Richmond,  Montmorency, 
and  May  Duke.  Some  growers  will  wish  to  plant  some  of  the  large  sweet  varieties 
for  the  pleasure  of  having  them  during  favorable  seasons.  For  this  purpose  Black 
Tartarian,  Napoleon  ( Royal  Anne),  and  Bing  are  suggested. 


PEARS. 

The  Bartlett  pear  is  an  excellent  variety,  but  is  subject  to  blight.  The  Kieffer  is 
productive,  but  the  quality  is  not  so  good  as  the  Bartlett.  Other  varieties  suggested 
are  Duchess,  Flemish  Beauty,  Seckel,  and  Winter  Nelis. 

PEACHES. 


Peaches  are  not  reliable  bearers  in  this  climate,  but  during  favorable  seasons  they 
bear  heavily  and  produce  fruit  of  excellent  flavor.  Desirable  varieties  are  Crawford 
Late,  Illinois,  Elberta,  Mayflower,  Early  Wheeler  ( Red  Bird  Cling),  Muir,  and 
Phillips  Cling. 

PLUMS. 

Plums  are  quite  regular  bearers,  and  a fair  crop  can  be  expected  from  some  varieties 
in  most  seasons.  Few  varieties  have  been  tested,  and  the  following  recommendations 
may  therefore  be  materially  changed  within  the  next  few  years:  Omaha,  American, 
Blue  Damson,  Compass  Cherry. 

GRAPES. 

Grapes  are  grown  successfully  on  the  bench  lands  and  on  the  heavier  soils  of  the 
Island  and  Stillwater  districts.  On  some  of  the  lighter  soils  away  from  the  river 
they  have  not  been  so  satisfactory.  Concord,  Diamond,  and  Worden  are  recom- 
mended, 

EXPERIMENTS  IN  THE  RECLAMATION  OF  ALKALI  SOIL. 

EFFECT  OF  MANURE  ON  CROP  YIELDS. 

This  experiment  was  begun  in  1917  and  has  for  its  object  the  deter- 
mination of  the  effect  of  manure  added  biennially  upon  the  reclama- 
tion of  the  alkali  soil  of  field  E.  The  crops  used  are  wheat,  fodder 
corn,  and  mangels. 


Table  XV. — Effect  of  manure  on  yields  of  crops  growing  on  alTcali  soil  on  the  Newlands 

Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Crop  and  plat  number. 

Year  manured. 

Unit  of 
yield. 

Yield  per  acre. 

Percent- 
age o 1 
increase. 

Silage  corn: 

No.  1 

1917  and  1919 

Ton 

3.96 

1.8 

No.  2 

Not  manured 

. . .do. . . . 

3.89 

Wheat: 

No.  3 

1918. 

Bushel. . 

19.3 

6.1 

No.  4 

Not  manured  

. . .do. . . . 

18.2 

No.  5 

..do  

. . .do. . . . 

8.9 

6.  7 

No.  6 

1917  and  1918 

. . .do. . . . 

9.5 

6.7 

Mangels: 

No.  7 

Not  manured  _ _ 

No  crop 

No.  8 

.do 

do. 

Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


17 


In  1918  greatly  increased  yields  were  obtained  from  the  plats 
which  had  been  manured.  In  1919  there  was  also  an  increase  in 
production  resulting  from  the  manuring,  but  it  was  not  so  great  as 
in  1918.  The  results  in  detail  for  the  year  1919  are  shown  in  Table 
XV.  Wheat  yields  were  increased  6.1  and  6.7  per  cent  and  com 
yields  1.8  per  cent. 

ALKALI  RECLAMATION  EXPERIMENTS  IN  FIELD  Y. 

In  1914  various  treatments  were  given  to  a series  of  18  plats  in 
field  Y.  This  field  was  very  alkaline  over  the  greater  part  of  the 
area.  In  past  reports  it  has  been  shown  that  the  treatments  given 
had  the  effect  of  materially  increasing  the  yield  of  alfalfa.  In  the 
fall  of  1918  nine  of  the  checks  were  plowed  and  the  treatments  of 


f 

,,u”  . 

vv*  " - 

■ v ^ V 

Fig.  1. — Applying  gypsum  by  means  of  the  manure  spreader.  This  apparatus  is  very  satisfactory  for 
this  purpose.  Sufficient  manure  is  putin  the  bottom  of  the  spreader  to  carry  the  gypsum. 


gypsum  and  manure  that  had  been  given  in  1914  were  repeated 
(fig.  1).  In  the  spring  of  1919  these  nine  plats  were  seeded  to  barley. 
The  results  are  compiled  in  Table  XVI. 

It  will  be  noted  that  there  was  an  increased  yield  of  80  per  cent 
for  the  first  treatment,  a decrease  of  1 per  cent  for  the  second  treat- 
ment (this  decrease  being  due  to  an  unusually  bad  area  in  plat  4), 
and  an  increase  of  17  per  cent  for  the  third  treatment. 

The  remaining  nine  plats  in  field  Y,  plats  10  to  18,  inclusive,  were 
allowed  to  remain  in  alfalfa  in  1919.  In  this  case,  as  in  all  previous 
experiments  reported,  there  was  a decided  increase  in  yield  as  a re- 
sult of  the  treatments  (Table  XVI).  Because  of  the  extremely  spotted 
character  of  the  soil,  one  would  not  be  justified  in  drawing  conclusions 
as  to  the  relative  efficiency  of  the  treatments  used,  but  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  gypsum  on  this  type  of  soil  is  decidedly  beneficial. 


18  Department  Circular  136 , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


The  treatments  so  far  given,  however,  have  not  raised  the  yield  to 
the  point  of  profitable  production. 

Table  XVI. — Alkali  reclamation  experiment  in  growing  barley  and  alfalfa  on  field  Y 
of  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Yields  in  1?19. 


Crop  and  plat  number. 


Treatment. 


Per  acre 
(pounds). 


Treated  plats. 


Average 

(pounds). 


Increase  over  adja- 
cent check  plats. 


Pounds.  Percent. 


Barley: 

No.  1.... 
No.  2.... 
No.  3.... 


Tile,  gypsum,  manure. 

Check 

Tile,  gypsum,  manure. 


441 


197 


80 


No.  4 
No.  5 
No.  6 


Tile,  gypsum,  manure. 

Check.' 

Tile,  gypsum,  manure. 


No.  7 
No.  8 
No.  9 


Gypsum,  manure. 

Check 

Gypsum,  manure. 


394 

634 

854 

1,235 

1,050 

1,215 


628 


1,225 


-1 


175  17 


Alfalfa: 

No.  10. 
No.  11 
No.  12 


Gypsum 
Check. . . 
Gypsum 


4,233  1 
233  } 
1,922  J 


3,078 


2,845  i 


1,220 


No.  13 
No.  14 
No.  15 


Tile,  gypsum,  manure,  sweet  clover... 

Check. 

Tile,  gypsum,  manure,  sweet  clover. . . 


1,167  1 
807  ) 
1,178  J 


1,173 


366 


45 


No.  16 
No.  17 
No.  18 


Sulphuric  acid 

Check 

Sulphuric  acid 


1,100  1 

0 f 
1,000  J 


1,050 


1,050 


ALKALI  RECLAMATION  EXPERIMENTS  IN  FIELD  B. 

The  alkali  reclamation  experiments  were  located  in  plats  9 and  10 
of  field  B,  where  the  soil  is  of  such  a nature  that  seeds  germinate«with 
difficulty  and  the  plants  which  do  emerge  grow  to  a height  of  only  a 
few  inches  during  the  season.  After  each  irrigation  the  surface  of 
the  untreated  soil  cements  over,  forming  a hard  crust. 

The  two  large  plats,  B-9  and  B-10,  were  each  divided  into  20 
small  plats,  each  having  an  area  of  12  by  45  feet,  or  0.0124  of  an 
acre.  After  the  treatments  were  made,  each  plat  was  plowed  and 
harrowed  separately.  Wheat  was  seeded  in  all  plats  with  a grain 
drill.  When  the  grain  was  mature  it  was  cut  by  hand,  put  into  sacks, 
and  allowed  to  dry  in  the  air,  after  which  it  was  weighed  on  delicate 
balances.  The  weights  given  include  both  grain  and  straw.  The 
details  of  this  experiment  are  given  in  Table  XVII,  the  rank  of  each 
treatment  according  to  actual  yields  being  shown  in  the  right-hand 
column. 

Manure  had  a decidedly  beneficial  effect  wherever  used.  (Figs. 
2 and  3.)  When  used  in  combination  with  sulphur,  gypsum,  or  acid 
phosphate,  the  yields  were  generally  greater  than  when  manure  was 


Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  19 

used  alone.  Chemicals,  alone  or  in  combination,  improved  the  soil  to 
some  extent,  but  they  were  not  usually  so  effective  as  the  manure. 
Manure  applied  at  the  rate  of  2,800  pounds  per  plat  did  not  appear 
to  be  so  effective  as  when  used  in  smaller  quantities. 


wherever  rl  T exPenments  on  Plat  B"9-  Note  the  beneficial  effect  of  manur 

erever  used.  Oypsum,  acid  phosphate,  and  sulphur  were  only  beneficial.  Key  to  treatment* 

nWp  6’  B’  Ph°fhaleand  gypsum:  C>  Phosphate  and  sulphur;  D,  check;  E,  phosphate-  F pho* 
P ate,  gypsum,  and  manure;  G,  phosphate,  sulphur,  and  manure;  H,  check;  /and  J,  gypsum 


20  Department  Circular  136,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Fig.  3.  Results  of  alkali-reclamation  experiments  on  plat  B-10.  Note  the  beueficial  effect  of  manure 
wherever  used.  Gypsum,  acid  phosphate,  and  sulphur  were  only  slightly  beneficial.  Key  to 
treatments  A,  Manure;  D,  check;  C and  D,  sulphur;  E and  F,  gypsum;  G,  check;  H,  phosphate, 
sulphur,  and  manure;  I,  phosphate,  grysum,  and  manure;  J,  phosphate;  K , check;  L,. phosphate 
and  sulphur;  M,  phosphate  and  gypsum;  N,  manure  and  phosphate;  0,  manure  and  sulphur;  P, 
chock. 


Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Table  XVII. — Effect  of  various  soil  treatments  on  the  growth  of  wheat  infield  B of  the 
Newlands  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 

[The  average  yield  of  9 check  plats  was  0.46  pound.] 


Plat,  subdivision,  and  treatment. 

Yield  (pounds). 

Rank. 

Series  I. 

Series  II. 

Total. 

Plat  B-9: 

Check 

0.31 

0. 25 

1 

0.56 

Gypsum  28  pounds 

.44 
.38 
.31 
.38 
0 
. 75 

.38 

25 

.82 

12 

Sulphur  28  pounds. . 

25 

. Do 

14 

15 

Sulphur  7 pounds 

44 

. DO 
oo 

Check 

! 38 
3. 06 

. oZ 

.38 

Q Cl 

13 

Manure  700  pounds 

6 

Manure  1,400  pounds 

. 44 

3 38 

o.  ol 

9 OO 

Manure  2,800  pounds 

.94 
3. 00 

2. 06 

o.  oZ 

9 nn 

5 

10 

9 

Manure  1,400  pounds,  gypsum  28  pounds 

3. 13 

0.  uu 
6. 13 

2.25 

1.50 
8-00 
5. 00 
3.44 

3.25 
.69 

1.  75 

A Ofv 

Check 

1.25 

1.25 

4.56 

1.00 

.25 
3.44 
2.  25 
.56 
.50 

13 

Z 

Plat  B-10: 

Check 

Manure  1,400  pounds,  sulphur  14  pounds 

I 

Manure  1,400  pounds,  acid  phosphate  4 pounds. 

2.  75 

I 

Q 

Gypsum  28  pounds,  acid  phosphate  4 pounds 

2. 88 

O 

n 

Sulphur  14  pounds,  acid  phosphate  4 pounds 

2.  75 

( 

Q 

Check 

.56 

1.25 

1. 81 

Acid  phosphate  4 pounds. . 

r.n 

Acid  phosphate  4 pounds,  gypsum  28  pounds,  manure  1,400 
pounds 

. OU 
9 AA 

11 

Acid  phosphate  4 pounds,  sulphur  14  pounds,  manure  1,400 
pounds 

1. 00 

Z.  44 

2. 38 

4.  zo 

9 QC 

4 

8 

Check 

a4. 31 

*25 

o.  oo 

. ZO 

a This  figure  is  not  used  in  computing  the  average,  as  part  of  the  plat  contained  good  soil. 


The  toxicity  of  the  soil  in  these  plats  was  due  to  the  presence  of  a 
small  quantity  of  sodium  carbonate.  Other  alkali  salts  were  present 
in  quantities  too  small  to  prove  toxic.  A soil  sample  was  taken  in 
the  center  of  each  plat  before  any  manure  or  chemical  had  been 
added.  The  average  amount  of  alkali  salts  present  in  the  40  samples 
thus  obtained  is  shown  in  Table  XVIII. 


Table  XVIII.  Alkali  salts  present  in  the  soil  in  the  alkali  reclamation  experiment  in 
field  B of  the  Newlands  Experiment  Farm  before  treatment  in  1919. 


Salt. 

Plat  B-9. 

Plat  B-10. 

1 foot. 

2 feet. 

1 foot. 

2 feet. 

Na2C03 

0.072 

.80 

.012 

0 

0.050 

.081 

.010 

0 

0.065 

.072 

.012 

0 

0.054 

.077 

.009 

0 

NaHC03 

NaCl 

NaaSCM 

1 : ; ■ 

o 


S3 


THE 

BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY 

of  the 

UNITED  STATES  DEPART- 
MENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

ORGANIZATION 

ENFORCEMENT  OF  FOOD  AND  DRUGS  ACT 
ENFORCEMENT  OF  TEA  ACT 
RESEARCH  WORK 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  137 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry 
C.  L.  ALSBERG.  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


December,  1920 


ADDITIONAL  COPIES 

OF  THIS  PUBLICATION  MAY  BE  PROCURED  FROM 
THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

AT 


5 CENTS  PER  COPY 
V 


ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


Chief: 

Carl  L.  Alsberg. 

Assistant  Chief: 

W.  G.  Campbell. 

Assistant  to  the  Chief: 

F.  B.  Linton. 

Administrative  Assistant 

S.  A.  Postle. 

Librarian: 

Louise  Duvall. 

Editor: 

Katharine  A.  Smith. 

LABORATORIES 

Analytical  Reagent  Investigations: 

G.  C.  Spencer,  acting  in  charge. 
Animal  Physiological  Chemical: 

F.  C.  Weber,  in  charge. 
Carbohydrate: 

H.  S.  Paine,  in  charge. 

Color  Certification: 

W.  H.  Mathewson,  in  charge. 
Color  Investigations: 

C.  O.  Johns,  in  charge. 
Commercial  Dehydration: 

C.  E.  Mangels,  in  charge. 

Drug  Investigations: 

L.  F.  Kebler,  in  charge. 

Food  Control: 

I.  K.  Phelps,  in  charge. 

Food  Investigation: 

R.  W.  Balcom,  in  charge. 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  Utilization: 

H.  C.  Gore,  in  charge. 

Leather  and  Paper: 

F.  P.  Veitch,  in  charge. 
Microbiological: 

Charles  Thom,  in  charge. 

FIELD  INVESTIGAT 

Citrus  By-Products: 

E.  M.  Chace,  in  charge. 


Drug  Administration: 

M.  W.  Glover,  in  charge. 
Office  of  Cooperation: 

T.  F.  Pappe,  acting  in  charge. 
Office  of  Development  Work,: 

D.  J.  Price,  in  charge. 

Office  of  Imports: 

A.  E.  Taylor,  in  charge. 

Tea  Inspection  Service: 

G.  F.  Mitchell,  in  charge. 

V WASHINGTON. 

Microchemical: 

B.  J.  Howard,  in  charge. 
Miscellaneous  Division: 

J.  K.  Haywood,  in  charge. 
Cattle  Food: 

G.  L.  Bidwell,  in  charge. 
Insecticide  and  Fungicide: 

C.  C.  McDonnell,  in 
charge. 

Oil,  Fat,  and  Wax: 

G.  S.  Jamieson,  in  charge. 
Pharmacognosy: 

A.  Viehoever,  in  charge. 
Pharmacological: 

E.  W.  Schwartze,  acting  in 
charge. 

Phytochemical: 

F.  B.  Power,  in  charge. 

Protein  Investigations: 

C.  O.  Johns,  in  charge. 

Water  and  Beverage: 

W.  W.  Skinner,  in  charge. 

N/.L  LABORATORIES. 

Food  Research: 

H.  A.  McAleer,  in  charge. 

3 


4 


ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  BUREAU. 


FIELD  REGULATORY  SERVICE. 


Eastern  Food  and  Drug  Inspection  District  (W.  R.  M.  Whartc 
chief),  with  food  and  drug  inspection  stations  in — 


Baltimore: 

D.  M.  Walsh,  chief. 
Boston: 

G.  H.  Adams,  chief. 
Buffalo: 

H.  H.  Wagner,  chief. 
New  York 

H.  W.  Redfield,  chief. 


Philadelphia: 

A.  Stengel,  chief. 
San  Juan: 

W.  J.  McGee,  chief. 
Savannah: 

J.  O.  Clarke,  chief. 


Central  Food  and  Drug  Inspection  District  (R.  E.  Doolittle,  chie 
with  food  and  drug  inspection  stations  in — 


Chicago: 

G.  W.  Hoover,  chief. 
Cincinnati: 

L.  B.  Forst,  chief. 
Minneapolis: 

H.  H.  Walters,  chief. 


New  Orleans: 

R.  S.  Hollingshead,  chief 
St.  Louis: 

E.  R.  Smith,  chief. 


Western  Food  and  Drug  Inspection  District  (R.  W.  Hilts,  chief),  wi 
food  and  drug  inspection  stations  in — 

Denver:  Seattle: 

G.  J.  Morton,  chief.  A.  W,  Hansen,  chief. 

San  Francisco: 

W.  Vincent,  chief. 


THE  FEDERAL 
BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


GROWTH. 

The  Bureau  of  Chemistry  of  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  has  grown  from  a small  division,  or- 
ganized in  1862,  with  a staff  of  four  or  five  men,  to  a 
bureau  employing  more  than  300  chemists,  bacteriologists, 
microscopists,  engineers,  and  inspectors,  granted  an  annual 
appropriation  of  over  $1 ,250,000  for  the  enforcement  of 
the  Food  and  Drugs  Act  and  the  Tea  Act  and  for  re- 
search work  of  practical  value  to  the  country. 

FUNCTION. 

The  function  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  is  twofold. 
In  the  first  place  it  enforces  the  provisions  of  the  Food  and 
Drugs  Act,  popularly  known  as  the  “ Pure  Food  Law,” 
passed  in  1906,  and  of  the  Tea  Act.  At  the  same  time 
it  conducts  investigations  arising  in  connection  with  its 
regulatory  or  law-enforcement  work,  and  continues  to 
serve  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  originally  established, 
the  study  of  chemical  problems  pertaining  to  agriculture, 
as  well  as  those  of  the  industries  utilizing  agricultural 
products. 

ORGANIZATION. 

At  the  head  of  the  organization  are  the  Chief  and  the 
Assistant  Chief  of  the  Bureau,  who  are  responsible  for 
the  administration  of  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act  and  the 
Tea  Act,  and  exercise  general  supervision  over  the  re- 
search work.  Twenty-four  laboratories  and  three  offices 
n Washington  develop  facts  upon  which  the  decisions 
ind  policies  of  the  Bureau  are  based,  recommend  methods 
or  attacking  regulatory  problems,  and  conduct  scientific 
nvestigations. 


5 


6 FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 

For  administrative  purposes  in  the  enforcement  of  the 
Food  and  Drugs  Act,  the  country  has  been  divided  (fig.  2) 
into  three  inspection  districts — the  Eastern,  with  head- 
quarters in  New  York,  the  Central,  with  headquar- 
ters in  Chicago,  and  the  Western,  with  headquarters 
in  San  Francisco.  These  districts  are  further  sub- 
divided into  inspection  territories,  with  a station,  pro- 
vided with  a force  of  chemists  and  inspectors,  at  a[n 
important  trade  center  and  port  of  entry  within  each 
territory,  as  shown  in  the  map  (fig.  2).  While  the 
work  of  the  stations  is  for  the  most  part  regulatory,  some 
time  is  devoted  to  the  solution  of  research  problems  which 
come  to  the  attention  of  the  chemists  in  the  course  of  their 
enforcement  of  the  law. 

REGULATORY  WORK. 

By  far  the  greater  part  of  the  activities  and  funds  of  the 
Bureau  are  devoted  to  the  enforcement  of  the  Food  and 
Drugs  Act.  This  act  forbids  the  importation,  the  ship- 
ment in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce,  or  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  in  any  Territory  or  the  District  of  Columbia 
of  adulterated  or  misbranded  foods  or  drugs.1  Thus  it 
serves  to  protect  the  public  health  from  injurious  foods 
and  the  public  pocketbook  from  falsely  or  fraudulently 
labeled  foods  and  drugs,  and  to  promote  fair  trade  by, 
guarding  the  honest  manufacturer  against  unfair  com- 
petition with  misbranded  or  spurious  articles  sold  under 
the  guise  of  higher-priced  commodities. 

DOMESTIC  FOODS. 

In  the  law,  the  term  “food”  is  not  confined  to  those 
products  which  are  commonly  recognized  as  food  for 
mankind,  but  includes  also  beverages  (such  as  soft  drinks 
and  mineral  water),  confectionery,  condiments,  feeds  for 
horses,  cattle,  and  poultry,  and  substances  like  baking 
powder  which  enter  into  the  preparation  of  foods.  No f 


l The  text  of  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act.  and  the  rules  and  regulations  for  its  enforce- 
ment, are  printed  in  Circular  21 . Office  of  the  Secretary.  U.  S.  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


7 


does  the  law  restrict  the  application  of  the  term  “adul- 
terated” to  foods  containing  an  added  poisonous  or 
deleterious  substance,  such  as  milk  preserved  with  formal- 
dehyde, which  might  prove  harmful  to  the  consumer. 
Within  the  law,  “adulterated”  has  a far  wider  signifi- 
cance, being  applied  as  well  to  the  following  kinds  of 
foodstuffs:  (1)  Those  which  are  made  wholly  or  in  part 
from  filthy  or  decomposed  material,  as  in  the  case  of 
catsup  made  from  rotten  tomatoes,  or  milk  containing  an 
excessive  number  of  bacteria;  (2)  those  which  have  been 
cheapened  by  the  substitution  in  whole  or  in  part  of  some 
less  valuable  material  or  one  possessing  no  food  value 
whatsoever,  such  as  an  article  sold  as  coffee  in  which  the 
coffee  has  been  replaced  wholly  or  partially  by  chicory, 
or  cottonseed  meal  containing  an  excessive  amount 
of  cottonseed  hulls;  (3)  those  of  an  inferior  grade  made, 
to  simulate  goods  of  better  quality,  for  example,  acetic 
acid  which  has  been  colored  to  look  like  cider  vinegar; 
and  (4)  those  from  which  certain  valuable  component 
parts  have  been  removed,  as  skim  milk  offered  for  sale 
as  whole  milk. 

Under  the  Federal  Food  and  Drugs  Act  many  cases  are 
brought  against  manufacturers  and  shippers  who  violate 
the  misbranding  clauses  of  the  law.  Misbranding  of  food, 
which  may  be  defined  as  the  use  of  an  untruthful  or  mis- 
leading label,  includes  the  sin  of  omission  as  well  as  the 
sin  of  commission.  Labeling  a bottle  of  cottonseed  oil 
Olive  Oil  is  a typical  sin  of  commission,  while  the 
nanufacturer  who  fails  to  declare  the  weight  of  food  in 
package  form  is  guilty  of  the  sin  of  omission.  Shading 
rom  one  of  these  types  of  violation  to  the  other  are  many 
orms  of  misbranding. 

Often  labels  are  worded  in  strict  accordance  with  the 
acts,  but  have  the  type  so  arranged  or  pictorial  represen- 
ations  so  employed  that  the  purchaser  receives  an 
ntirely  erroneous  impression  as  to  the  contents  of  the 
•ackage.  Deceptive  labeling  of  this  kind  is  considered 
^ be  in  violation  of  the  act. 


8 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


Another  all  too  common  deception  against  the  con- 
suming public  is  food  of  short  weight  sold  in  package 
form.  Prints  of  butter  weighing  from  14  to  15  ounces, 
but  bearing  no  statement  to  indicate  that  they  fall  short  of 
one  pound,  are  representative  of  this  type  of  fraud.  The 
Bureau  protects  the  purchaser  against  such  practices  by 
enforcing  that  section  of  the  law  which  provides  that  a 
food  shall  be  judged  misbranded,  “if  in  package  form, 
the  quantity  of  the  contents  be  not  plainly  and  con- 
spicuously marked  on  the  outside  of  the  package  in  terms 
of  weight,  measure,  or  numerical  count.” 

DOMESTIC  DRUGS. 

To  secure  the  desired  effect,  it  is  imperative  that  all 
drugs  used  or  prescribed  by  a physician  shall  be  what  he 
has  every  right  to  expect  them  to  be,  judging  by  their 
labels.  If  they  are  under  or  over  the  accepted  standards, 
the  Food  and  Drugs  Act  demands  that  their  labels  shall 
so  specify. 

In  addition,  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act  covers  medicines 
that  are  advertised  and  sold  directly  to  the  general  public, 
the  so-called  “patent  medicines.”  Under  the  law  the 
presence  in  a preparation,  and  the  amount  in  which  they 
occur,  of  certain  dangerous  or  habit-forming  substances, 
enumerated  in  the  act,  must  be  made  known  upon  the  label. 
With  this  information  at  hand,  the  purchaser,  of  course, 
may  exercise  his  own  discretion  in  administering  the 
product. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  also  to  see  that 
labels  on  “patent  medicines  hold  out  to  the  public  no 
promise  of  benefit  that  is  not  fully  justified  by  the  compo- 
sition of  the  preparation.  As  a standard  for  the  determi- 
nation of  such  questions,  the  Bureau  has  adopted  the 
general  consensus  of  opinion  among  the  medical  profes- 
sion as  to  the  usefulness  and  limitations  of  the  variousi 
drugs.  The  labeling  of  medicinal  preparations  is  judged 
not  by  the  presence  or  absence  of  such  terms  as  ‘ remedy, 
‘‘cure,”  and  “treatment,”  but  by  the  names  of  diseases  and 
the  impression  conveyed  by  the  wording  to  the  average 
purchaser. 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


9 


IMPORTED  FOODS  AND  DRUGS. 

Many  food  products,  medicinal  herbs,  which  for  one 
reason  or  another  can  not  be  grown  profitably  in  this 
country,  and  “patent  medicines”  are  constantly  being 
offered  for  importation  into  the  United  States.  These  are 
denied  entry  if  they  fail  to  conform  to  the  general  require- 
ments of  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act,  are  not  in  accord  with 
the  laws  of  the  country  of  origin,  or  are  otherwise  dangerous 
to  the  health  of  the  people  of  the  United  States.  When 
circumstances  warrant,  relabeling  or  reconditioning  of  the 
goods  may  be  allowed.  If  thereby  a product  meeting  the 
requirements  of  the  act  is  obtained,  the  goods  are  then  per- 
mitted entry.  The  field  stations  maintained  by  the  Bureau 
at  certain  ports  of  entry,  as  New  York,  Boston,  New 
Orleans,  and  San  Francisco  (fig.  2),  examine  and  analyze 
samples  of  shipments  offered  for  entry  into  the  United 
States  which  are  suspected  of  being  in  violation  of  the 
Food  and  Drugs  Act. 

PROCEDURE. 

Anyone  found  guilty,  after  trial  in  the  Federal  courts,  of 
violating  the  provisions  of  the  Food  and  Dmgs  Act,  or 
who  pleads  guilty  to  such  an  offense,  is  subject  to  a fine, 
and,  under  certain  circumstances,  to  imprisonment. 
The  evidence  necessary  to  prove  a producer  or  ship- 
per guilty  is  gathered  and  presented  at  the  trial  by  the 
Bureau  of  Chemistry,  through  the  Department  of 
Justice.  Sometimes  the  cooperation  of  State  and  city 
health,  food,  drug,  and  feeding  stuffs  officials  is  enlisted. 
Figure  1 shows  each  essential  step  in  the  development  of 
a case  as  it  progresses  through  the  organization  units  of 
the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  and  the  Office  of  the  Solicitor  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  Department  of  Jus- 
tice, and  the  courts. 

An  inspector  of  the  Bureau  (1)  collects  samples  of  a 
product  suspected  of  being  in  violation  of  the  act,  and  for- 
wards them  to  the  proper  station  for  analysis.  At  the 
itation  an  analysis  is  made  (2)  the  results  of  which  are  sent 
by  the  station  chief,  with  his  recommendation  as  to  the 
7551  ®_20 — 2 


10 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


I 

1 

I 

I 


II 


Fig.  I . — Course  of  a case  under  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act. 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


11 


proper  action  to  be  adopted,  to  his  district  chief  (3).  If 
the  district  chief  approves  the  station  s recommendation 
(4),  he  instructs  the  station  (3)  to  cite  the  manufacturer  or 
shipper  of  the  product  in  question  to  a hearing  at  the  sta- 
tion headquarters,  and  at  the  same  time  submits  a state- 
ment of  the  action  taken  to  the  chief  of  the  Bureau  in 
Washington.  On  the  date  set,  the  person  cited  reports  for 
an  oral  hearing  (6),  or  presents  in  writing  his  statement  as 
to  why  the  Government  should  not  take  further  action. 

After  the  hearing,  the  station  chief  prepares  a summary 
of  the  findings  which  he  forwards  to  the  district  chief,  to- 
gether with  his  recommendation  as  to  the  proper  action  to 
be  taken  (7).  The  district  chief  may  indorse  the  recom- 
mendation as  it  stands  or  modify  it  (8),  after  which  he 
sends  all  the  papers  in  the  case,  accompanied  by  a state- 
ment of  what  he  considers  appropriate  action,  to  the  chief 
of  the  Bureau.  The  chief  or  assistant  chief  of  the  Bureau 
may  then  decide  upon  the  next  step,  or  may  refer  the 
matter  (10)  to  the  laboratory  or  office  in  Washington 
specializing  in  the  product  involved.  If  the  specialist 
agrees  with  the  recommendation  of  the  district  chief  that 
prosecution  proceedings  should  be  instituted,  the  case  is 
transmitted  to  the  chief  or  assistant  chief  of  the  Bureau, 
with  an  indorsement  of  the  recommendation  for  prose- 
cution. 

The  case  is  then  considered  in  the  office  of  the  chief  and 
assistant  chief  (11),  after  which,  if  these  officials  concur 
in  the  recommendation  made,  it  is  sent  to  the  Solicitor  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  (12)  to  be  examined  as  to 
its  legal  aspects.  The  Solicitor  decides  ( 1 3)  who  is  liable 
in  connection  with  the  alleged  violation,  and  determines 
whether  or  not  the  evidence  at  hand  is  sufficient  to  support 
prosecution.  If  he  disagrees  with  the  recommendation  of 
the  Bureau,  he  returns  the  papers  to  the  Bureau  for  further 
consideration.  If,  however,  he  concurs  in  the  Bureau’s 
recommendation  for  prosecution  (14),  by  authority  of  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture,  he  prepares  the  papers  necessary 
to  be  transmitted  to  the  Department  of  Justice  (15),  where 
the  case  is  next  sent  ( 1 6)  for  final  transmittal  to  the  district 
attorney  who  will  try  the  case. 


12 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


The  district  attorney  ( 1 7)  files  the  information  or  presents 
the  case  to  the  grand  jury  for  indictment  of  the  producer 
or  shipper,  and  conducts  the  necessary  legal  proceed- 
ings ( 1 8).  The  court  hears  the  case  ( 1 9),  with  or  without 
a jury,  and  renders  judgment  (20),  imposing  a sentence 
where  the  verdict  is  “guilty.”  Members  of  the  Bureau  of 
Chemistry  often  are  summoned  to  serve  as  witnesses  at 
such  trials.  After  the  termination  of  the  case  in  court,  a 
notice  of  judgment,  giving  the  essential  facts,  is  prepared 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


13 


by  the  Solicitor  (21),  and  later  published  by  the  Bureau. 
This  terminates  the  case,  and  the  records  are  closed  (22). 

Two  forms  of  legal  action  may  be  instituted  in  the  cor- 
rection of  violations  of  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act  involving 
the  shipment  of  domestic  products.  Sometimes  a criminal 
prosecution  is  brought  against  the  alleged  offender. 
Again,  goods  which  are  being  shipped  contrary  to  the 
provisions  of  the  law  are  seized  under  order  of  the  court 
and  removed  from  the  channels  of  trade  until  a decision 


♦ of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry. 


14 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


as  to  what  disposition  should  be  made  of  them  has  been 
reached  by  the  court.  The  Bureau  officials  base  their 
decisions  as  to  the  type  of  action  to  be  instituted  upon  the 
conditions  connected  with  each  case. 

The  procedure  in  connection  with  the  enforcement  of 
that  section  of  the  law  relating  to  foods  and  drugs  offered 
for  importation  into  this  country  does  not  involve  court 
action.  The  officials  of  the  Division  of  Customs,  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  cooperate  in  this  phase  of  the 
Bureau’s  regulatory  work. 

All  foreign  merchants  are  required  to  certify  to  certain 
facts  concerning  the  foods  and  drugs  which  they  desire  to 
ship,  before  the  proper  United  States  consular  officials. 
These  certificates  are  attached  to  the  invoices  of  the 
various  products,  and  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  inspectors 
are  allowed  to  scrutinize  all  invoices  of  roods  and  drugs 
coming  into  this  country.  If  an  examination  of  the  in- 
voices and  their  accompanying  certificates  indicates  that 
an  article  does  not  comply  with  the  terms  of  the  law, 
samples  of  it  are  taken  for  analysis,  the  entire  shipment 
being  held  until  the  results  of  the  examination  are  known. 
When  goods  are  found  to  be  in  violation  of  the  act,  the 
importer  is  so  informed,  and  an  opportunity  is  given  him 
to  present  to  the  Government  his  evidence  as  to  why  his 
product  should  not  be  denied  entry.  If  the  results  of  the 
hearing  fail  to  convince  the  Bureau  that  the  goods  are 
in  compliance  with  the  law,  a report  is  submitted  to 
the  collector  of  customs  at  the  port  of  entry,  who 
then  refuses  to  admit  the  product  in  question  into  this 
country.  If  the  importer  is  not  satisfied  with  the  action 
of  the  Bureau  he  may  appeal  to  the  Secretary  of  Agri- 
culture. When,  however,  the  case  proves  to  be  one 
of  misbranding  only,  the  articles  usually  may  be  brought 
in  after  the  labels  have  been  corrected.  Another  ex- 
ception is  made  in  the  case  of  importers  who,  through 
no  fault  of  their  own,  receive  shipments  of  foods  or  drugs 
which  are  adulterated  or  misbranded,  but  not  grossly.  It 
is  customary  to  release  such  goods  after  they  have  been 
relabeled,  sorted,  and  cleaned,  or  denatured,  provided  an 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


15 


article  which  fulfills  the  requirements  of  the  law  can  thus 
be  obtained.  This  privilege,  of  course,  is  not  extended  to 
persons  who  have  abused  it  in  the  past  or  have  requested 
it  repeatedly. 

COOPERATION  WITH  STATES  AND  CITIES. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act,  the 
Bureau  of  Chemistry  can  exercise  supervision  only  over 
foods  and  dmgs  entering  interstate  or  foreign  commerce, 
or  made,  sold,  or  offered  for  sale  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia or  the  Territories  of  the  United  States.  It  has 
no  power  over  those  products  which  are  made  and  sold 
within  the  confines  of  a single  State.  Most  of  the  States, 
however,  have  food  and  drug  laws  similar  in  many  re- 
spects to  the  Federal  act,  and  designed  to  afford  the  same 
protection  to  the  several  States  as  the  Federal  act  does 
to  the  nation  at  large.  It  is  most  desirable  that  the  State 
and  Federal  officials  charged  with  the  enforcement  of 
public  health  laws  work  together  in  harmony.  To  that 
end,  the  office  of  cooperation  in  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry 
keeps  the  State  food,  drug,  and  feeding  stuffs  officials 
informed  on  matters  pertaining  to  the  administration  of 
■°od  and  drug  laws,  both  State  and  Federal,  and  pro- 
vides a practical  and  effective  system  of  cooperation 
imong  such  officials.  In  this  way  the  Bureau  keeps  in 
ouch  with  50  departments,  including  those  in  practically 
‘very  State  of  the  Union,  the  District  of  Columbia, 
dawaii,  Porto  Rico,  and  the  Philippine  Islands.  It 
>rovides  them  with  information  on  matters  of  general 
nterest  relating  to  the  administration  of  the  Federal 
‘ ood  and  Dmgs  Act,  and  secures  their  opinions  on  im- 
>ortant  questions  under  consideration  by  the  Bureau  in 
onnection  with  the  enforcement  of  the  law. 

FACTORY  INSPECTION. 

An  increasingly  important  part  of  the  Bureau  of  Chem- 
itry  s regulatory  work  is  its  factory  inspection.  So  far 
s its  limited  force  of  inspectors  will  permit,  the  Bureau 
ideavors  to  conduct  a systematic  investigation  of  plants 


16 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


where  foods  and  drugs  shipped  in  interstate  commerce 
are  made.  As  a result  of  such  work,  it  frequently  becomes 
possible  for  the  Government,  through  its  technical  staff, 
to  offer  various  manufacturers  constructive  advice  which 


Fig.  3 — Food  and  drug  inspector  examining  butter. 

will  enable  them  to  remedy  defects  in  their 
thus  improving  the  quality  of  their  output  and  the  effi- 
ciency of  their  operations,  as  well  as  bringing  their  goods 
into  compliance  with  the  law. 

TEA  INSPECTION. 

In  1920,  the  Tea  Inspection  Service,  formerly  part  of 
the  United  States  Treasury  Department,  was  transferred, 
to  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  upon  the  joint  recom- 
mendation of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture.  As  no  duty  is  imposed  on  tea, 
and  as  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  under  the  Food  and 
Drugs  Act,  is  charged  with  the  examination  of  all 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY.  17 

imported  foods  and  drugs,  it  was  thought  that  the  tea 
inspection  work  was  more  closely  related  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  than  to  the  Treasury  Department. 

Tea  is  subject  to  the  provisions  of  both  the  Food  and 
Drugs  Act  and  the  Tea  Inspection  Act.  While  the 
Food  and  Drugs  Act  covers  only  adulteration  or  mis- 
branding, the  Tea  Act  provides  for  a physical  standard 
of  quality  as  well  as  purity. 

The  act  to  prevent  the  importation  of  impure  or  un- 
wholesome tea,  commonly  known  as  the  Tea  Act,  which 
was  passed  by  Congress  in  1897,  and  later  amended, 
provides  that  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  appoint 
each  year  a board  of  seven  tea  experts  who  shall  select 
standards  for  tea.  Such  standards  are  distributed  among 
the  officials  enforcing  the  law,  and  may  be  bought  at 
cost  by  the  tea  trade  and  others  interested. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Supervising  Tea  Examiner,  stationed 
in  Washington,  with  the  assistance  of  seven  tea  examiners 
and  their  assistants,  stationed  in  various  ports  of  entry,  to 
see  to  it  that  no  tea  which  falls  below  the  standards 
fixed  by  the  Secretary  is  permitted  entry  into  the  United 
States. 

The  importer  of  any  tea  which  is  rejected  is  given  30 
days  in  which  to  appeal  his  case  to  the  United  States 
Board  of  Tea  Appeals,  composed  of  three  employees  of 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  stationed  in  the  city  of 
New  York.  If  the  tea  is  rejected  for  quality,  the  Board 
of  Tea  Appeals  summons  witnesses  from  the  trade,  while 
if  it  is  rejected  for  impurities  the  chemist’s  report,  upon 
which  the  rejection  was  originally  based,  usually  is 
accepted.  No  appeal  may  be  made  from  the  decision 
of  the  Board  of  Tea  Appeals. 

The  law  allows  the  importer  six  months  in  which  to 
remove  his  rejected  tea  from  this  country.  If  not  outside 
the  limits  of  the  United  States  by  that  time,  it  must  be 
destroyed. 

Tea  waste,  tea  siftings,  tea  sweepings,  and  low-grade 
tea  may  be  brought  into  the  United  States  if  they  are  to 
be  used  solely  for  technical  manufacturing  purposes. 


18 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


The  importer  of  such  products,  however,  must  give  bond 
to  the  collector  of  customs  that  their  identity  will  be 
destroyed  in  the  process  of  manufacture. 

RESEARCH  WORK. 

FOOD  AND  DRUG  ANALYSIS. 

To  ascertain  accurately  when  a food  or  drug  is  adul- 
terated or  misbranded,  it  is,  of  course,  necessary  to  have 
suitable  standards  for  comparison.  Before  the  analyst 
can  pass  intelligently  upon  the  samples  submitted  to  him 
for  examination,  he  must  know  the  true  composition  of 
the  articles  which  they  purport  to  be.  Consequently, 
a large  part  of  the  scientific  force  of  the  Bureau  of  Chem- 
istry is  engaged  in  the  investigation  of  many  natural 
products.  Based  upon  the  results  thus  obtained,  the 
Department  formulates  definite  standards  for  the  guid- 
ance of  the  food  and  drug  officials  of  the  country  and  the 
manufacturers. 

To  illustrate,  it  was  found  that  spices  were  being 
grossly  adulterated  and  misbranded,  and  that  it  was 
difficult  to  determine  when  to  prosecute  cases  involving 
such  products.  Accordingly,  all  the  spices  in  common 
use  have  been  studied  physically,  chemically,  and  micro- 
scopically. Using  the  results  of  this  study  as  a foundation, 
fair  standards  for  spices  have  been  determined  and  pub- 
lished to  serve  as  a basis  for  action  in  the  enforcement  of 
the  law. 

Such  standards  are  published  in  Office  of  the  Secre- 
tary Circular  136.  New  and  tentative  standards  and 
informal  opinions  are  made  public  through  the  Service 
and  Regulatory  Announcements  of  the  Bureau. 

INVESTIGATION  OF  COMMERCIAL  METHODS. 

To  supplement  this  first  type  of  research  work,  inves- 
tigations are  undertaken  to  perfect  various  processes  used 
in  the  preparation  of  foods  and  drugs  and  to  devise 
methods  for  the  utilization  of  by-products  hitherto 
wasted. 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


19 


Much  has  been  accomplished  along  this  line  in  con- 
nection with  the  preparation  of  poultry  and  eggs  for  the 
market  and  their  handling  during  storage  and  transpor- 
tation. The  results  obtained  have  fully  justified  the 
Bureau  s belief  that  some  changes  in  methods  and  a care- 
ful attention  to  detail  would  add  to  the  producer  s profits, 
at  the  same  time  augmenting  the  country’s  food  supply. 

Extended  studies  also  have  been  conducted  to  deter- 
mine how  certain  fish,  such  as  the  sardine,  might  be 
packed  to  best  advantage,  and  the  by-products  of  the 
canneries  salvaged. 

Of  great  economic  importance  to  the  American  fruit 
grower  is  the  Bureau’s  project  for  working  out  ways  to 
manufacture  salable  articles  from  the  cull  grapefruit, 
oranges,  and  lemons  which  too  often  constitute  a 
total  loss.  To  bring  this  about,  methods  are  being  de- 
vised whereby  such  culls  may  be  converted  into  bev- 
erages, jam,  marmalade,  etc.,  for  which  a ready  market 
exists. 

INVESTIGATIONS  IN  AGRICULTURAL  CHEMISTRY. 

Along  with  the  research  work  which  is  done  in  con- 
nection with  the  enforcement  of  the  Food  and  Drugs 
Act  gc  the  investigations  in  the  realm  of  agricultural 
chemistry  that  constituted  the  sole  original  function  of  the 
Bureau.  The  needs  of  the  farmer  still  occupy  an  im- 
portant place  in  this  branch  of  the  Federal  service. 

For  example,  the  chemistry  of  plant  growth  is  con- 
sidered for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  effect  of 
recognized  plant  food  constituents  and  of  the  inorganic 
elements  applied  at  different  stages  of  the  growth,  as  well 
as  the  effect  of  light,  on  the  composition  and  physical 
characteristics  of  plants.  The  changes  taking  place 
during  the  growing  period  as  the  result  of  any  particular 
treatment  are  investigated  also. 

The  tanning  of  leather  in  its  various  aspects  is  studied, 
hat  the  farmer  may  receive  satisfactory  instructions  for 
preparing  hides  and  for  selecting  with  discrimination 
ind  intelligently  caring  for  the  leather  which  he  uses  for 


20  FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


Fig.  4.— One  of  the  laboratories  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry  in  W; 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


21 


boots,  harness,  or  belting.  Instructions  for  the  cheap  and 
effective  waterproofing  and  mildewproofing  of  fabrics  for 
wagon  covers,  stack  covers,  tents,  and  tarpaulins  have 
been  published. 

Under  way  also  is  a scheme  for  showing  the  farmer 
how  he  may  utilize  as  stock  food  cull  potatoes  and  other 
waste  products  of  his  land.  It  is  thought  that  certain 
plants  not  now  so  employed  may  prove  valuable  as  stock 
food.  A study  of  the  proteins  which  they  contain  is 
being  made  to  see  whether  this  can  be  done. 

As  soon  as  it  became  evident  that  fires  and  explosions 
in  thrashers  and  in  grain  elevators  and  mills  might  be 
due  to  the  accumulation,  under  certain  conditions,  of 
grain  dusts,  the  Bureau  launched  its  grain-dust-explosion- 
prevention  campaign  for  the  benefit  of  the  farmer,  the 
thrasher,  and  the  miller.  The  causes  of  such  fires  and 
explosions  have  been  studied  and  the  results  made  public. 
Preventive  devices  have  been  perfected  and  tested,  and 
owners  and  operators  of  thrashing  machines,  mills,  and 
grain  elevators  told  how  to  install  devices  and  adopt 
simple  precautionary  measures  which  should  go  a long 
way  toward  safeguarding  their  property. 

COLLABORATION  WITH  OTHER  DEPART- 
MENTS. 

Because  of  the  Bureau’s  fitness,  in  the  matter  of  both 
personnel  and  equipment,  for  conducting  chemical, 
microscopical,  and  microbiological  examinations,  many 
of  the  other  Government  departments  and  bureaus  have 
acquired  the  habit  of  turning  over  to  it  certain  parts  of 
various  problems  coming  within  their  jurisdiction. 

For  example,  the  Post  Office  Department  submits 
for  analysis  samples  of  drugs,  cosmetics,  depilatories, 
fat  producers,”  “fat  reducers,”  food  suspected  of  con- 
taining poisons,  and  other  material  going  through  the 
United  States  mails  which  is  believed  to  be  fraudulent  or 
harmful.  The  Treasury  Department  enlists  the  aid  of 
he  Bureau  of  Chemistry  in  devising  currency  paper 
-vhich  is  difficult  to  counterfeit  and  at  the  same  time  is  as 


22 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


serviceable  as  possible.  Many  samples  of  foodstuffs 
and  other  supplies  for  the  Army  are  submitted  by  the 
office  of  the  Quartermaster  General  of  the  Department 
of  War  for  analysis  by  the  Bureau. 

Added  to  these  duties  are  the  working  out  of  new 
analytical  methods  and  the  perfecting  of  old  ones,  upon 
which  the  Bureau  is  constantly  engaged.  These  results 
are  published  from  time  to  time,  that  they  may  be  of 
service  to  commercial  and  Government  chemists  alike. 

COLOR  INVESTIGATIONS. 

Color  research  work  was  begun  many  years  ago 
in  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  for  the  reason  that  various 
types  of  dye  materials  are  agricultural  products  and  also 
because  the  largest  users  of  dyes  are  the  industries  utilizing 
raw  agricultural  materials.  Moreover,  the  Bureau  has 
been  called  upon  to  study  very  extensively  the  artificial 
(coal-tar)  dyes,  on  account  of  their  wide  use  to  color 
food  products. 

When,  therefore,  shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the 
recent  Great  War,  Congress  thought  it  advisable  for  the 
Government  to  assist  in  the  development  of  a domestic 
dye  industry,  the  experience  thus  gained  by  the  Bureau 
of  Chemistry  made  it  particularly  well  equipped  to 
undertake  the  work. 

The  color  laboratory  considers  chiefly  the  fundamental 
principles  that  underlie  the  mechanism  of  the  reactions 
which  enter  into  the  production  of  dyes,  and  determines 
the  chemical  and  physical  constants  of  the  materials 
used  in  the  industry.  The  factory  chemist  rarely  has 
time  to  devote  to  this  type  of  work,  and,  when  he  is  in  a 
position  to  carry  it  on,  keeps  secret  the  results  which  he 
obtains.  The  findings  of  the  Government,  on  the  other 
hand,  are  made  public  as  rapidly  as  possible,  for  the 
advancement  of  the  entire  American  dye  industry. 


FEDERAL  BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY. 


23 


OFFICE  OF  DEVELOPMENT  WORK. 

The  practical  application  in  the  industries  and  in  the 
arts  of  the  results  of  scientific  research  is  quite  apart  from 
the  actual  carrying  out  of  an  investigation.  That  the 
industrial  world  may  have  the  full  benefit  of  all  such 
results  obtained  in  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  an  office 
has  been  established  to  serve  as  the  connecting  link  be- 
tween the  Government  and  the  manufacturer  or  other 
interested  person.  This  office,  known  as  the  Office  of 
Development  Work,  assumes  charge  of  the  results  of  any 
given  fundamental  project  of  the  Bureau  as  soon  as  it 
reaches  the  stage  where  it  gives  promise  of  being  ready 
for  industrial  development.  The  Office  of  Develop- 
ment Work,  of  course,  handles  only  discoveries  made  in 
the  Bureau  of  Chemistry. 

PUBLICATIONS. 

Reports  of  the  results  of  the  Bureau’s  work  are  issued 
from  time  to  time.  Some  take  the  form  of  Department 
of  Agriculture  bulletins  or  circulars,  a list  of  which  may 
be  had  on  application  to  the  Bureau,  while  others, 
which,  it  is  believed,  will  be  of  interest  chiefly  to  some 
particular  class  of  readers  or  to  a certain  industry,  ap- 
pear in  the  scientific  and  trade  journals  of  the  country. 


WASHINGTON  ; GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  ; 1920 


AT  WHATCOM  PASS— WASHINGTON  NATIONAL  FOREST 


IN  THE  OPEN 

THE  NATIONAL  FORESTS  OF  WASHINGTON 


mted  States  Department  of  Agriculture  ::  Forest  Service  ::  1920 


WELCOME 

TO 

THE  NATIONAL  FORESTS 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
FOREST  SERVICE 


SPIRIT  LAKE — COLUMBIA  NATIONAL  FOREST 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  138 

Contribution  from  the  Forest  Service 

W.  B.  Greeley,  Forester. 


DIRECTORY  OF  NATIONAL  FORESTS  IN  WASHINGTON. 
George  H.  Cecil,  District  Forester 
District  Office,  Post  Office  Building,  Portland,  Oreg. 


National  Forest. 

Forest  Supervisor. 

Headquarters. 

Clielan 

| P.  T.  Harris 

Okanogan,  Wash. 

[G.  E.  Mitchell 

Chelan,  Wash. 

Columbia 

F.  H.  Brundage  * 

Portland,  Oreg. 

Colville 

C.  C.  Reid  . . . 

Republic,  Wash. 

Okanogan 

P.  T.  Harris. 

Okanogan,  Wash. 

1 

fRudo  L.  Fromme* 

Olympic 

jo.  F.  Erickson 

[Olympia,  Wash. 

Rainier 

G.  F.  Allen  . . . 

Tacoma,  ^^ash. 

Snoqualmie 

JW.  G.  Weigle* 

>Seattle,  Wash. 

[Lewis  A.  Treen 

J 

Washington 

C.  H.  Park.  . . 

Bellingham,  Wash. 

Wenaha 

J.  C.  Kuhns. . . 

Pendleton,  Oreg. 

Wenatchee 

A.  H.  Sylvester 

Wenatchee,  Oreg. 

District  Forest  Inspector. 


IN  THE  OPEN 


THE  NATIONAL  FORESTS 
OF  WASHINGTON 


THE  woods,  rivers,  and  lakes,  the  alpine  meadows,  snow  fields,  and  lofty  peaks 
of  the  National  Forests  in  Washington  are  an  invitation  and  a challenge  to 
the  lover  of  the  outdoors.  Fish  in  the  waters,  big  game  in  the  back  country, 
snow-covered  peaks  and  glaciers  at  the  top  of  the  divides,  and  fine  scenery  every- 
where, offer  sport  in  abundance  to  the  angler,  the  hunter,  the  mountain  climber, 
the  tourist,  the  hiker,  and  the  camper — to  everyone,  in  fact,  who  likes  to  take  his 
recreation  in  the  open. 

The  National  Forests  are  the  refuge  of  most  of  the  remaining  big  game  of  the 
State.  Deer,  bear,  cougar,  cats,  and  coyotes  are  found  on  practically  all  the  For- 
ests. There  are  elk  on  the  Olympic  and  Rainier  and  mountain  goats  along  the 
Cascade  Range,  on  the  Washington,  Chelan,  Snoqualmie,  Wenatchee,  Rainier, 
and  Columbia  National  Forests.  Grouse  are  common  on  all  the  Forests,  and  in 
a few  instances  duck  hunting  is  possible. 

For  the  merciful  hunter  who  shoots  his  game  with  the  camera  there  is  no  closed 
season  on  any  of  these  animals  or  birds.  This  to  many  is  the  ideal  method  of  hunt- 
ing, since  the  pictures  of  wild  life  thus  obtained  are  evidences  of  great  skill  and 
cunning,  and  call  up  memories  of  happy  days  in  camp  and  on  the  trail. 

For  those  who  hunt  to  kill,  the  State  game  laws,  which  are  operative  inside  as 
well  as  outside  the  National  Forests,  regulate  the  amount  of  game  that  may  be 
taken  and  the  season  when  it  may  be  hunted;  and  it  is  one  of  the  duties  of  every 
Forest  officer  to  cooperate  with  the  State  and  county  officials  in  seeing  that  these 
laws  are  observed,  to  the  end  that  the  game  resources  of  the  State  may  be  preserved 
through  wise  use. 

Well-located  and  carefully  constructed  highways,  built  in  accordance  with  a 
definite  road  program,  make  it  easy  for  automobiles  to  reach  any  of  the  National 
Forests  of  the  State,  and  even  to  penetrate  deeply  into  the  wilderness.  And 
>e\ond  the  roads  many  a trail  leads  high  up  to  ridge  and  summit  overlooking  a 
.remendous  expanse  of  magnificent  scenery. 

Three 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Fo 


As  fast  as  funds  are  available,  National  Forest  roads  and  trails  are  bein 
posted  with  signs  to  guide  the  visitor.  These  signs  are  of  wood,  painted  white  o 
cream  with  lettering  in  dark  green  or  black  and  they  bear  in  addition  to  th 
lettering  a shield,  in  the  middle  of  which  is  a pine  tree  and  the  letters  “U  S”  wit! 
the  words  “Forest  Service”  above  and  “Department  of  Agriculture”  beneath  il 
This  shield  is  a reproduction  of  the  badge  worn  by  all  rangers  and  other  Fores 
officers,  by  which  they  may  be  identified. 

Roads,  trails,  signboards,  and  maps  make  it  easy  to  get  about  the  Forest 
without  any  other  guide.  More  than  4,000  miles  of  trail  are  kept  open  on  th 
National  Forests  of  Washington  and  are  available  for  public  use.  Sixteen  hundre* 
miles  of  telephone  lines  make  quick  communication  with  the  outside  world  possi 
ble.  In  an  emergency,  the  Forest  traveler  can  call  up  his  family  or  office  in  tow: 
from  some  ranger  station  in  the  heart  of  the  wilderness.  Registers  are  kept  a 
local  Forest  headquarters,  where  the  visitor  may  write  his  name  and  indicate  hi 
probable  route  of  travel.  This  will  make  it  possible  for  a Forest  officer  to  find  hin 
in  case  of  the  receipt  of  important  messages. 

The  Forest  Service  has  begun  the  development  of  camp  and  picnic  gounds  01 
suitable  sites  along  the  roads  leading  through  the  National  Forests,  clearing  U] 
camping  grounds,  and  providing  safe  places  for  building  camp  fires  and  other  simp! 
conveniences.  Forage  for  saddle  animals  and  firewood  are  free. 

There  is  something  about  life  in  the  open  that  appeals  strongly  to  the  seeke 
after  health  and  recreation.  Even  a few  days  spent  out  in  Nature’s  wide  space; 
takes  the  mind  from  the  vexatious  daily  problems  and  gives  a broader  outlook  of 
life  and  its  possibilities.  Forests,  streams,  and  mountains  furnish  a rugged  com, 
panionship  never  known  in  town.  The  establishment  of  the  National  Forest: 
secures  for  the  people  widespread  areas  on  which  no  “Keep  Out”  signs  preven 
enjoyment  of  the  natural  attractions.  These  Forests  belong  to  the  people  and  thost 
who  use  them  are  simply  reaping  the  benefits  of  ownership.  Millions  are  makinji 
use  of  their  Forests  every  year — touring  and  tramping  through  them  by  road  anc 
trail,  exploring  their  mountain  fastnesses,  and  eagerly  searching  out  their  hidden 
nooks  and  canyons.  You  will  find  them  camped  by  the  quiet  lakes  and  besid^j 
the  singing  streams  and  booming  waterfalls.  They  are  wearing  trails  to  the  loneH 
summits,  where  the  most  inspiring  views  may  be  obtained.  And  there  is  none  tc 


Fine 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


warn  them  to  keep  off.  Signs  put  up  by  the  Forest  Service  guide  them  along  the 
trails,  and  the  Forest  rangers  they  meet  are  familiar  with  the  region  and  are  glad 
to  be  of  service  to  visitors.  They  direct  them  to  the  best  places  to  fish,  camp,  hunt, 
fike,  or  take  pictures,  and  ask  in  return  only  cooperation  in  preventing  forest 
ires  and  in  keeping  camp  grounds  sanitary  and  attractive. 

Maps  and  detailed  information  on  any  particular  National  Forest  may  be  had 
m application  to  the  District  Forester,  Post  Office  Building,  Portland,  Oreg.,  or 
;o  the  supervisor  of  any  Forest. 

If  you  wish  to  build  a permanent  summer  home  you  may  lease  a site  for  a term 
»f  years  at  a reasonable  annual  rental.  A permit  to  occupy  such  a site  may  cost  as 
ittle  as  $ 5 a year,  and  seldom  more  than  $25.  Your  summer  home  may  be  a cabin, 
cottage,  or  something  more  pretentious,  as.  you  wish.  The  only  restrictions  are 
hat  the  building  must  not  be  unsightly,  and  that  the  grounds  must  be  kept  in  a 
eat  and  sanitary  condition. 

The  use  of  the  National  Forests  for  recreation  and  health  by  larger  numbers  of 
eople  each  year  increases  the  danger  of  forest  fires;  this  liability  will  become  an 
iset  just  as  soon  as  each  individual  Forest  visitor  is  careful  with  his  own  fire  and 
-eps  on  the  lookout  for  fires  left  by  others. 

CAMPERS  HELP  PROTECT  THE  FOREST 

rHE  service  performed  each  year  by  tourists  and  campers  in  finding  and  putting 
out  small  fires  before  they  have  time  to  spread,  reporting  fires  which  they 

can  not  control,  and  giving  voluntary  help  in  fighting  larger  fires  can  not 
estimated. 

Still  more  effective  service  will  be  rendered  when  each  Forest  visitor  per- 
nally  uses  the  greatest  caution  in  locating,  building,  and  putting  out  camp  fires. 

lokers  may  help  by  carefully  putting  out  stubs  and  being  absolutely  sure  each 
itch  is  out  before  throwing  it  down. 

Most  persons  who  visit  the  Forests  are  careful  in  their  use  of  fire;  but  a small 
iportion  are  not  careful,  and  about  one-third  of  the  total  number  of  fires  on  the 
tional  Forests  originate  from  their  inexperience  or  carelessness.  Observance  of 

' followlng  rules  will  reduce  the  number  of  forest  fires  materially  and  save  an- 
illy  Forest  resources  worth  millions  of  dollars . 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


SEVEN  TESTED  RULES  FOR  PREVENTING  FOREST  FIRES 

1 . Matches. — Be  sure  your  match  is  out.  Put  it  in  your  pocket  or  break  it  in  two  before  throJ 
ing  it  away.  Make  this  a habit. 

2.  Tobacco. — Throw  pipe  ashes  and  cigar  or  cigarette  stubs  in  the  dust  of  the  road,  and  stain  I 
or  pinch  out  the  fire  before  leaving  them.  Do  not  throw  them  into  brush,  leaves,  or  needles. 

3.  Location  of  camp. — Select  a spot  as  free  as  possible  from  inflammable  material,  shelterel 
from  the  wind,  and  near  accessible  water. 

4.  Camp  fires. — Never  build  a camp  fire  against  a tree  or  log,  in  leaf  mold,  or  in  rotten  wool 
Build  all  fires  away  from  overhanging  branches  and  on  a dirt  or  rock  foundation.  Dig  out  all  ro  i 
ten  wood  or  leaf  mold  from  the  fire  pit,  and  scrape  away  all  inflammable  material  within  a radii 
of  from  3 to  5 feet.  Make  sure  the  fire  can  not  spread  on  or  under  the  ground  or  up  the  mossc 
bark  of  a tree  while  you  are  in  camp,  and  that  it  is  going  to  be  easy  to  put  out  when  you  are  read 
to  leave. 

5.  Leaving  camp. — Never  leave  a camp  fire,  even  for  a short  time,  without  completely  extii 
guishing  every  spark  with  water  or  fresh  dirt  free  from  moss  and  leaf  mold.  Do  not  throw  charred  cro: 
logs  to  one  side  where  a smoldering  spark  might  catch.  It  is  well  to  soak  thoroughly  all  embei 
and  charred  pieces  of  wood  and  then  cover  them  with  dirt.  Feel  around  the  outer  edge  of  the  fir 
pit  to  make  sure  no  fire  is  smoldering  in  charred  roots  or  leaf  mold.  Hundreds  of  fires  escape  eac 
year  after  campers  have  thought  they  were  extinguished. 

6.  Try  to  put  out  any  fire  that  you  find. — If  you  can  not  put  it  out,  get  word  to  the  nearer 
Forest  officer  as  quickly  as  possible.  Every  minute  saved  in  reaching  the  fire  is  of  vital  importance 

7.  Help  enforce  The  fire  daws. — They  were  made  to  protect  your  interests. 

CHELAN  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  Chelan  National  Forest,  with  famous  Fake  Chelan,  lies  in  north-centra^ 
Washington,  on  the  watershed  of  the  Chelan  and  Entiat  Rivers,  which  flo\ 
southeasterly  into  the  Columbia.  Covers  of  wild  mountain  scenery  visi 
this  Forest  by  thousands  every  year.  Of  Lake  Chelan  a landscape  engineer  ha 
written : 

If  one  had  the  wildest  fjord  of  Norway  brought  inland  and  filled  with  sweet  and  quiet  waters 
or  if  one  had  Lake  Brienz  of  Switzerland  extended  to  a length  of  50  miles,  one  would  have  a po§ 
sible  competitor  for  Lake  Chelan;  but  until  such  improvements  in  terrestrial  topography  can  b 
made  this  lake  is  unique.  It  is,  in  short,  and  without  exaggeration  or  qualification,  one  of  th? 
best  landscapes  in  the  world.  « | 

Lake  Chelan  occupies  49  miles  of  an  ancient  glacial  valley,  and  the  Stehekii 
River  flows  into  it,  passing  through  a continuation  of  the  same  valley  for  about  2^ 
miles.  The  Cascade,  Sawtooth,  and  Chelan  Ranges,  which  surround  the  lake,  rise  t( 


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In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


h 


Agnes  Creek  trail — Chelan  National  Forest 


a general  elevation  of  8,000  feet,  with  many  peaks  higher.  The  level  of  the  lake 
1,079  feet  above  the  sea.  The  valley  is  from  10  to  18  miles  in  width.  The  cor, 
bination  of  these  features  results  in  a canyon  narrower  than  the  Grand  Canyon  < 
the  Colorado,  and  nearly  a mile  and  a half  deep.  The  rugged  granite  mountain 
have  been  carved  by  the  ice  into  bold  cliffs  and  peaks. 

The  bottom  of  Cake  Chelan  is  in  places  more  than  500  feet  below  sea  level,  and  i 
water  is  cold,  which  perhaps  accounts  for  the  game  qualities  of  its  fish — steelhead,  cu: 
throat,  rainbow,  and  lake  trout,  and  a good  many  Dolly  Vardens.  Fishing  in  the  lal* 
is  best  in  June  and  July,  the  time  when  fly  fishing  in  the  smaller  streams  and  lak; 
begins  to  draw  most  of  the  anglers.  Two  hatcheries  in  the  region  keep  the  streafi 

1 

well  stocked.  There  are  mule  deer  and  mountain  goats,  black  bear,  and  grous? 
but  the  country  is  too  rough  for  comfortable  hunting,  and  this  has  aided  in  protec 
ing  the  game.  Boating,  camping,  fishing,  and  scenery  are  the  main  attractions. 


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The  larger  streams  have  their  sources  in  the  60  or  70  glaciers  and  more  than  30 
lakes  that  are  among  the  features  of  the  region.  The  upper  courses  of  these  streams 
are  often  through  wooded  or  grassy  basins,  from  which  they  issue  in  a series  of  cas- 
cades and  waterfalls. 

Good  automobile  roads  give  access  to  the  lower  end  of  Lake  Chelan,  from  the 
Sunset  Highway  and  the  Yellowstone  Trail  by  Blewett  Pass  and  Wenatchee.  The 
new  suspension  bridge  (Beebe  Bridge)  crossing  the  Columbia  River  at  Chelan  Sta- 
tion, 4 miles  from  Chelan,  offers  a convenient  way  of  getting  to  the  lake.  Several 
roads  from  Spokane,  which  cross  the  Columbia  either  at  Wenatchee  Bridge  or 
Orondo  Ferry,  lead  indirectly  to  Lake  Chelan. 

Visitors  who  go  by  rail  leave  the  main  line  of  the  Great  Northern  at  Wenatchee 
or  Oroville  and  take  a branch  road  to  Chelan  Station.  The  4 miles  to  the  lake  is  by 
stage.  Daily  boats  from  Chelan,  at  the  foot  of  the  lake,  carry  tourists  to  all  up-lake 
points  and  deliver  mail  and  supplies.  Guides  and  packers  with  pack  trains  may  be 
secured  at  Lucerne  (at  the  mouth  of  Railroad  Creek)  and  at  Stehekin  (at  the  head  of 

the  lake).  Hotel  accommodations  may  be  found  at  Chelan,  Moore  Point,  Lucerne, 
ind  Stehekin. 

Most  visitors  stay  at  the  hotels  or  in  some  of  the  many  camping  places  along 
he  lake-  The  best  camps  are  on  the  bars  at  the  mouth  of  the  streams,  where  an 
ibundance  of  wood  and  water  and  level  ground  makes  camping  easy.  The  best 
ishing  is  also  at  the  mouths  of  the  streams.  Big  Creek,  Twin  Harbor,  Bear  Creek 
3rince  Creek,  Railroad  Creek,  and  Riddle  Creek  have  large  summer  colonies.  There 
re  many  other  good  camps,  principally  along  the  southwest  shore. 

Many  campers  prefer  the  Stehekin  River  Valley,  which  is  reached  by  a road 
tartmg  at  Stehekin  and  extending  16  miles  up  the  river.  In  late  August  and  early 
eptember  huckleberry  picking  and  bear  hunting  attract  many  travelers  to  this 
tgion.  During  the  season  stages  meet  the  boat  and  carry  tourists  and  campers  to 
ieartrap  Springs,  Agnes,  Bullion,  or  Bridge  Creek.  Camping  spots  may  be  found 
Imost  anywhere  along  the  stream.  The  road  ends  at  Bridge  Creek,  which  is  the 

.nter  of  some  of  the  best  fishing  and  scenery  in  the  Forest  and  convenient  to  large 
uckleberry  patches. 

Campers  in  the  Lake  Chelan  region  miss  a great  deal  if  they  do  not  make  a trip 
to  the  upper  country.  The  best  way  is  with  a pack  outfit.  The  22-mile  trip 

9o87  — 20 2 * 


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Te  | 


Cut-throat  trout  caught  at  the  head  of  Lake  Chelan — Chelan  National  Forest 


from  Lucerne  to  the  head  of  Railroad  Creek  furnishes  good  fishing  all  the  way,  witl 
plenty  of  camping  places,  of  which  Ten  Mile,  Hart  Lake,  and  Lyman  Lake  are  thf 
best.  Special  attractions  are  the  Lyman  Glacier  (a  body  of  ice  miles  long  bye 
mile  wide)  and  Bonanza  Mountain,  9,500  feet  high  and  the  tallest  peak  in  Chelar 
County.  The  trail  is  excellent  for  a large  part  of  the  way,  and  makes  Lyman  one  oil 
the  most  accessible  glaciers  in  America.  The  wonderful  landscape  which  greets  the 
traveler  in  Cloudy  Pass  includes  Glacier  Peak,  with  Mount  Rainier  100  miles  farthei 
south,  and  the  intervening  summit  of  the  Cascades.  The  return  trip  may  be  mad^ 
by  way  of  Agnes  Creek  and  Stehekin.  Three  days  are  sufficient  for  this  trip,  but  the  1 
wise  traveler  allows  five  or  six. 

From  Stehekin  a number  of  good  trips  are  possible,  varying  in  length  from  pari 
of  a day  to  several  days.  War  Creek  Pass  offers  a worth-while  one-day  trip,  as  does! 
also  the  trip  to  Agnes  Creek  and  return.  Two  days  should  be  given  to  the 
Creek  trip.  Most  tourists  visit  Rainbow  Falls  and  the  State  hatchery,  a 
tance  from  the  falls,  which  are  about  3 miles  from  Stehekin. 

Tourists  bound  for  Bridge  Creek  Camp  by  wagon  should  allow  a day  for  the 
trip  from  Stehekin.  There  are  many  delightful  foot  or  pack-horse  trips,  starting 
at  Bridge  Creek  Camp.  A two-day  trip  to  Doubtful  Lake,  above  Cascade  Pass,! 


Rainbov; 
short  dis 


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where  one  can  look  down  on  the  Olympics  and  Puget  Sound  in  clear  weather,  is 
specially  recommended.  Side  trips  may  be  taken  from  Horseshoe  Basin  (a  great 
amphitheater  of  the  main  range)  to  Thunder  Creek  Glacier,  at  the  head  of  Park  Creek. 
There  are  good  camps  at  Cotton- 
wood, Park  Creek,  and  the  upper 
and  lower  Park  Creek  meadows, 
in  the  upper  basin.  Three  miles 
east  of  Bridge  Creek  is  the  glacial 
valley  of  the  North  Fork,  io 
miles  long,  surrounded  by  peaks 
rnnning  up  to  9,300  feet  in  ele- 
vation, and  with  a number  of 
langing  glaciers  along  the  west 
ide.  There  are  good  camps  at 
requent  intervals  and  plenty  of 
uckleberries  in  season. 

Falls  at  the  mouth  of  the 
mrth  Fork  have  kept  out  the 
sh,  but  fishing  in  the  main 
:ream  from  the  North  Fork  up 
excellent.  Twisp,  State,  and 
ainy  Passes  afford  very  pleas- 
'd camping  places,  with  re- 
arkable  scenery.  The  fishing, 
hich  is  good  all  the  way  up 
e stream,  culminates  at  Rainy 
ike.  The  game  trout  swarm 
[ound  the  mouth  of  the  creek 
tptying  into  the  lake  from  the 

fat  gkcier  on  the  south  bank-  This  trip  can  be  taken  from  Stehekin  in  four  or 
e days,  but  to  get  its  real  benefits  a week  or  ten  days  should  be  devoted  to  it 
Most  of  the  important  valleys  along  Lake  Chelan  have  fair  trails  leading  into 

h and  °ffer  many  excellent  triPS-  However,  it  is  not  always  convenient  to  get 
irses  and  guides  to  go  into  the  country  south  of  Railroad  Creek. 


Mountain  goat— Chelan  National  Forest 


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Tu 


Entiat  Valley,  which  opens  into  the  Columbia  Valley  at  Entiat,  parallels  La 
Chelan  and  offers  excellent  outing  opportunities  for  visitors.  A road  passable  f 
automobiles  extends  30  miles  up  the  Entiat.  The  best  camps  are  on  the  last 
miles  of  the  river  road.  The  one  at  Silver  Creek,  at  the  end  of  the  road,  is  populj 
Trips  into  Entiat  Valley  usually  outfit  at  Entiat,  where  horses  can  be  hire 
Mad  Lake,  the  Entiat  Glacier,  and  the  picturesque  heights  on  both  sides  of  the  vail 
are  readily  accessible,  and  fishing  in  the  river  and  many  of  its  tributaries  is  good. 

The  Forest  Service  has  surveyed  several  groups  of  summer  home  sites  at  vario 
points  along  Lake  Chelan,  where  lots  may  be  leased  at  from  $10  to  $15  a year.  T 
Forest  Supervisor,  at  Okanogan,  Wash.,  or  the  Deputy  Supervisor  at  Chelan  w 
be  glad  to  answer  any  inquiries  about  summer  home  permits  or  give  informal 
concerning  routes  and  arrangements  for  camping  trips.  District  rangers  are  locat 
at  Chelan,  Stehekin,  and  Stelik  Ranger  Stations. 

COLUMBIA  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  Columbia  National  Forest  lies  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State  and  exten 
from  the  Columbia  River  northward  to  the  Cispus  River  and  from  Mou 
Adams  westward  to  Mount  St.  Helens.  It  lies  on  both  sides  of  t 
Cascade  Range. 

A system  of  roads  and  trails,  with  a total  length  of  534  miles,  gives  easy  acc^ 
to  points  of  special  interest  within  the  Forest.  Forest  travelers  unfamiliar  with  t 
country  will  have  little  difficulty  in  finding  their  way,  because  there  are  signboar 
along  trails  and  at  important  trail  intersections. 

Game  is  fairly  abundant,  and  the  well-stocked  streams  and  lakes  fumi 
excellent  sport  for  the  angler  during  the  open  season. 

The  outfitting  points  for  the  eastern  side  of  the  Forest  are  Guler  and  Tro 
Lake,  Wash.,  about  26  miles  north  of  White  Salmon,  the  nearest  railroad  point.  I 
automobile  stage,  daily  except  Sunday,  connects  White  Salmon  with  Guler.  Aut 
mobiles  for  special  trips  can  also  be  obtained  at  Guler.  Not  only  hotel  accommod 
tions,  but  also  saddle  horses,  pack  horses,  packers,  and  guides  usually  may  be  secur' 
at  Guler. 

The  base  of  Mount  Adams  is  12  miles  north.  This  notable  peak  has  an  elev 
tion  of  12,307  feet  and  its  summit  is  crowned  with  perpetual  snow,  while  extensi 
glaciers  hold  its  upper  slopes  in  their  icy  fingers.  These  glaciers  present  gre 


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Spirit  Lake— Columbia  National  Forest 


anety  and  individuality.  Some  are  very  steep  and  broken,  others  steep  and 
mooth,  and  still  others  are  not  only  smooth,  but  have  an  easy  grade.  The  Klickitat 
precipice,  on  the  east  side  of  the  mountain,  almost  perpendicular  and  nearly  a mile 

ugh  by  4 to  5 miles  long,  is  a striking  natural  phenomenon  with  its  face  of  glistening 
:e  and  varicolored  rocks. 

Bird  Creek  Meadows,  embracing  about  3,000  acres,  is  a most  delightful  mountain 
ark  and  makes  an  ideal  place  for  camping.  Among  its  attractions  are  grassy 
lades,  highly  colored  alpine  flowers,  groves  of  evergreen  trees,  snow-fed  streams, 
umerous  waterfalls,  and  a dozen  small  mountain  lakes. 

The  series  of  lava  caves  accessible  from  Guler  by  automobile  is  of  considerable 
iterest  to  tourists.  One  of  these  caves,  7 miles  west  of  Guler,  is  so  well  protected 
iom  summer  heat  that  it  contains  ice  during  the  entire  season. 

The  extensive  huckleberry  patches,  reaching  from  South  Prairie  northward  to 
ead  Horse  and  westward  to  the  Racetrack  and  Twin  Buttes  countries,  attract  many 
si  tors  during  August  and  September,  who  come  for  the  combined  purposes  of 
eking  berries  and  enjoying  a vacation  in  the  mountains.  A lava  bed,  10  miles 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


FourL 

long  and  from  i to  5 miles  wide,  in  the  vicinity  of  Indian  Racetrack,  extends  ea: 
to  Goose  Lake  and  south  to  Lava  Creek  and  South  Prairie.  Forest  growth 
already  changing  this  from  a desolate  barren  into  a timber-producing  area  of  muc 
beauty.  In  the  smooth  lava  near  Goose  Lake  there  are  distinct  impressions  of 
pair  of  human  hands  and  feet,  which  have  caused  considerable  conjecture  as  to  the 
origin.  It  is  the  opinion  of  scientists  who  recently  visited  the  region  that  thes 
impressions  were  cut  in  the  lava  by  some  Indian  medicine  man. 

An  interesting  10-day  trip  starts  at  Guler  and  carries  the  traveler  by  way  < 
Mount  Adams  and  the  Cispus  River  divide  to  Mount  St.  Helens,  through  the  beaut 
ful  Nigger  Head  and  Blue  Lake  countries,  where  excellent  camping  places  an 
abundant  forage  for  horses  can  be  found.  The  view  from  Craggy  Peak  ( north  ( 
Blue  Lake,  and  fairly  easy  to  climb)  is  well  worth  the  effort  it  requires. 

Return  may  be  made  by  way  of  the  Spirit  Lake — Guler  Trail,  which  pass* 
through  some  splendid  stands  of  timber  and  also  crosses  the  Lewis  River  buri 
where  the  effects  of  fire  on  the  forests  are  very  apparent. 

The  Forest  Service  maintains  a forest  nursery  and  experiment  station  10  mile 
up  Wind  River  Valley  from  Carson,  Wash.  Visitors  have  the  opportunity  of  seein 
millions  of  baby  trees  growing  under  cultivation.  Just  before  planting  seaso 
about  2,000,000  of  these  trees  are  taken  up  annually  and  shipped  to  planting  ares 
on  the  various  Forests  of  Washington  and  Oregon,  where  they  are  set  out  to  restoc 
areas  on  which  fire  has  destroyed  the  natural  tree  growth. 

Five  miles  further  up  Wind  River  are  Government  Mineral  Springs  and  Sod 
Springs,  which  are  accessible  by  automobile.  Hotel  accommodations  are  availabl 
at  Government  Springs.  The  water  from  these  springs  is  pleasing  to  the  taste  an 
is  credited  with  certain  medicinal  qualities.  For  persons  who  prefer  to  camp  then 
are  suitable  camp  grounds.  Wind  River,  a short  distance  from  the  springs,  pre 
vides  fair  fishing. 

A number  of  interesting  side  trips  may  be  taken  from  Government  Spring? 
The  trip  to  the  falls  of  Falls  Creek  is  perhaps  the  most  popular.  These  falls  hav 
a total  drop  of  about  250  feet  and  consist  of  a series  of  cascades  and  vertical  fall? 
They  are  located  about  5 miles  from  Government  Springs  and  may  be  reached  by  * 
good  trail.  The  timber  near  the  springs  is  being  logged,  but  areas  immediatel; 
adjacent  and  fringes  of  timber  along  the  streams  are  being  reserved  for  seen! 


purposes. 


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In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


The  St.  Helens  country  may  be  reached  from  Castle  Rock,  Wash.,  as  an  out- 
fitting point.  A road  47  miles  long,  passable  for  automobiles,  connects  Castle 
Rock  and  Spirit  Lake.  This  road  is  being  improved  by  the  Forest  Service  and 
Cowlitz  County.  At  present  there  are  no  hotel  accommodations  at  Spirit  Lake,  and 
tourists  should  take  necessary  provisions  and  camping  equipment. 

Spirit  Lake  lies  at  an  altitude  of  3,199  feet,  about  3 miles  north  of  the  base  of 
Mount  St.  Helens.  The  lake  is  3 miles  long  and  averages  over  one-half  mile  in 
width.  It  is  famous  as  a fishing  place.  Here,  on  land  occupied  under  special  use 
permit,  is  the  permanent  camp  of  the  Portland  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Boys’  Department. 
The  Forest  Service  maintains  a public  camp  ground  on  the  south  shore  of  the  lake, 
where  tourists  and  campers  are  always  welcome.  A heavy  forest  surrounds  the 
lake.  The  Forest  Service  has  surveyed  59  summer  home  sites  along  the  south 
shore  of  the  lake,  which  are  open  for  leasing  by  the  public  at  prices  ranging  from 
$7.50  to  $10  a year,  depending  upon  location.  More  definite  information  concern- 
ing these  sites  may  be  obtained  from  the  District  Ranger  at  Spirit  Lake  or  by 
addressing  the  Forest  Supervisor,  Portland,  Oreg. 

Mount  St.  Helens,  9,671  feet  high,  is  the  youngest  mountain  in  the  Cascade 
Range.  Because  of  its  youth,  its  surface  is  smooth  and  its  shape  more  symmetrical 
than  those  of  the  older  peaks.  Eruptions  occurred  as  late  as  1842,  and  at  the  present 
time  there  are  fissures  from  which  sufficient  heat  is  exuded  to  cook  rice  overnight 
On  the  summit  is  a fairly  level  area  of  about  50  acres.  This  mountain  is  most 
easily  climbed  from  the  southern  side,  but  no  great  obstacles  are  encountered  in 
ascending  from  the  north.  Persons  not  accustomed  to  mountain  climbing  should 
not  attempt  it  without  a guide.  The  glaciers  of  Mount  St.  Helens  (noted  for  their 
cleanness  and  their  crevasses)  and  the  wells  and  caves  are  features  which  draw  an 
increasing  number  of  visitors  each  year.  Lava  flows  containing  enormous  caves 
occur  on  the  southwestern  side.  Almost  perfect  casts  of  trees  and  logs  are  also 
found  in  the  stone.  These  lava  flows  are  most  easily  reached  from  Woodland 

Wash.  An  automobile  road  up  the  Lewis  River  makes  travel  possible  to  within  1 
mile  of  the  most  interesting  features. 

The  supervisor’s  headquarters  is  in  the  Post  Office  Building,  Portland  Oreg 
and  district  rangers  are  located  at  Stabler,  Guler,  and  Spirit  Lake. 


In  the  Open— The  National  Forests  of  Washington  Sixtee, 


COLVILLE  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  Colville  National  Forest  lies  in  the  Kettle  River  range  of  mountains,  whicl 
is  unique  in  that  it  is  isolated  from  other  mountain  ranges  of  the  State.  Tht 
elevation  varies  widely,  from  950  feet  at  Oroville  to  7,200  feet  in  the  Ketth 
River  Range.  This  variation  of  elevation  is  reflected  in  the  varying  conditions  ol 
weather  and  in  plant  and  animal  life. 

Considerable  early  history  of  the  Northwest  was  made  in  this  region,  Fori 
Colville,  near  Kettle  Falls,  being  established  in  1814.  At  this  point  the  Columbia 
River  falls  nearly  a hundred  feet,  the  huge  volume  of  water  pouring  over  the  granite 
rocks  making  a scene  which  attracts  more  than  local  visitors.  Tourists  drive  tc 
the  cliff,  where  the  road  commands  a view  of  the  falls.  Here  they  leave  their  cars 
and  walk  down  the  shady  trail  to  the  very  edge  of  the  cascade,  where,  in  May  and 
June  they  are  often  able  to  secure  pictures  of  salmon  leaping  into  the  air  in  theii 
efforts  to  climb  the  waterfall.  In  the  quieter  eddies  below  the  falls  one  may  see 
thousands  of  eels  attached  to  the  under  cliffs  to  rest  and  waving  with  the  current 
like  sea  moss. 

Adjacent  to  the  Colville  National  Forest  for  nearly  100  miles  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  follows  the  shore  of  Kettle  River  up  Curlew  Valley  and  past  Curlew  Lake 
to  Republic,  a mining  camp  from  which  considerable  gold  and  silver  have  been 
shipped.  The  railroad  also  extends  from  Curlew  to  Oroville,  near  the  outlet  of 
Osoyoos  Lake.  Tourists  may  visit  the  remotest  settlement  in  the  Colville  National 
Forest  by  automobile  and  secure  camping  supplies  from  towns  on  or  away  from 
the  railroad.  Outfitting  towns  on  the  railroad  are  Marcus,  Boyds,  Orient,  Danville, 
Curlew,  Republic,  Oroville,  Tonasket,  and  Riverside.  Towns  away  from  the  rail- 
road where  provisions  may  be  had  are  Wauconda,  Anglin,  and  Chesaw.  There  are1 
excellent  approaches  to  the  Forest  from  any  direction. 

In  addition  to  the  railroad,  State  roads  No.  10,  No.  4,  and  No.  22,  with  their 
tributaries,  intersect  the  Forest.  The  Forest  Service  owns  and  maintains  telephone 
lines  connecting  ranger  stations,  fire-patrol  stations,  and  lookouts,  and  reaching  all) 
the  towns  mentioned  and  dozens  of  other  points  convenient  to  roads  and  trails. 

The  Forest  is  remarkably  well  supplied  with  large  and  small  game  and  upland, 
birds,  which  may  be  hunted  during  the  open  seasons.  Trout  fishing  is  good  in 
nearly  all  the  streams.  The  San  Poil  River  is  well  stocked  with  salmon  and  trout. 


Seventeen 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  0}  Washington 


On  the  heights 

Eastern  brook  and  rainbow  trout  are  found  in  all  the  principal  lakes.  There  are 
ixcellent  outing  opportunities  on  all  parts  of  the  Forest. 

Marcus  is  a railroad  junction  and  division  point  and  a ranger  headquarters, 
-rom  Marcus  Lake  Ellen  may  be  reached  by  automobile,  train,  or  pack  outfit. 

iere  are  excellent  fishing  and  hunting— trout  and  bass,  upland  birds,  and  deer  in 
eason. 

. A visit  t0  Sherman  Creek  Falls  makes  a delightful  trip,  with  camping  and  trout 
shing  and  deer,  bear,  and  bird  hunting  in  season.  Travelers  may  leave  their 
utomobiles  at  the  summit  of  Sherman  Creek  road  and  visit  the  Columbia  Lookout 
tation  by  a i-mile  trail  trip.  Here  may  be  obtained  a magnificent  view  hundreds 
f miles  in  extent  of  the  snow-capped  mountains— the  mountains  of  Canada  to  the 
orth,  tne  Cascades  to  the  west,  and  the  Bitterroot  spurs  to  the  east. 

For  rugged  mountaineering  and  big-game  hunting,  the  visitors  should  take  a 
ack  trip  up  Boulder  Creek  from  Orient.  This  region  supports  many  black  and 
rown  bear.  A ranger  is  stationed  at  Orient,  who  will  be  glad  to  give  information 
mcerning  the  district. 

9387°— 20 3 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Eight 

| 

There  is  good  trout  and  grayling  fishing  all  along  the  Kettle  River,  up  whit! 
the  trip  may  be  made  from  Danville.  There  are  hundreds  of  ideal  camping  placj 
along  this  river.  For  boating  and  trout  fishing  Curlew  Lake  is  recommende 
Boats  may  be  hired  at  Pollard.  With  a standard  spoon  hook  and  a 150-foot  lii  | 
sportsmen  may  secure  plenty  of  excitement  at  Curlew  Lake.  A ranger  is  stationc 
at  Danville.  The  Forest  Supervisor’s  headquarters  are  at  Republic,  which  is  tl 
outfitting  point  for  a number  oi  delightful  camping,  fishing,  and  hunting  trip 
Swan,  Amy,  and  Long  Lakes  are  the  goals  of  wagon  trips  that  promise  splend: 
sport.  The  San  Poil  River,  which  may  be  reached  by  automobile,  furnishes  exce 
lent  trout  fishing  with  fly  or  bait.  Tons  of  salmon  are  caught  from  the  San  Pc 
River  annually. 

Bonaparte  Lake  is  reached  by  automobile  from  Molson  or  Republic.  Th 
lake  is  locally  famous  for  its  recreation  attractions,  especially  trout  fishing  an 
camping. 

Near  by,  on  a good  road,  is  Lost  Lake,  where  a bathhouse,  springboard,  an 
shelters  have  been  provided  by  the  Forest  Service  for  the  use  of  the  public.  Los 
Lake  is  closed  to  fishing,  as  the  State  of  Washington  has  a fish  hatchery  her< 
from  which  a great  portion  of  the  fry  used  in  stocking  the  waters  of  eastern  Wasl 
ington  are  taken.  The  Forest  Service  maintains  a summer  patrol  station  at  Los 
Lake,  with  telephone  connections  to  Wauconda. 

The  climb  to  Bonaparte  Lookout  rewards  the  traveler  with  a magnificen 
view  of  the  mountains  of  Canada  and  the  beautiful  Chopaca  Range  to  the  west 

Beaver  Lake,  4 miles  distant  by  trail  from  Lost  Lake,  furnishes  excelled 
black-bass  fishing.  Crawfish  Lake  and  Lost  Creek,  where  fishing  and  hunting  i; 
season  are  good,  may  be  reached  from  Riverside  or  Tonasket. 

Information  about  further  trips  on  the  Colville  Forest,  or  concerning  summe 
home  sites,  may  be  obtained  by  addressing  the  Forest  Supervisor,  Republic,  Wash 

OKANOGAN  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  Okanogan  National  Forest  is  a paradise  for  sportsmen.  Deer,  bea^ 
grouse,  rainbow  trout,  and  brook  trout  are  abundant.  Conconully  is  f: 
famous  hunting  and  fishing  center.  Early  Winters  Creek,  near  Mazama,  i? 
a favorite  fishing  stream,  accessible  by  automobile.  All  through  this  region  then 
are  fish  for  the  fisherman  and  deer  for  the  hunter.  A true  sportsman  will,  how 


Nineteen 


In  the  Open— The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


north  to  Canada,  and  south  to  the 


ever,  provide  himself  with  a copy  of  the  game  laws  and  will  obey  them,  in  order 
that  there  may  be  some  game  left  for  the  other  fellow. 

The  Okanogan  National  Forest  extends  from  the  summit  of  the  Cascade 
Range  east  to  the  valley  of  the  Okanogan 
Sawtooth  Mountains,  which  separate  the 
waters  of  the  Methow  from  those  of  Take 
Chelan. 

With  the  exception  of  the  fertile  Met- 
how Valley,  it  is  all  mountainous  country, 
great  stretches  of  which  are  almost  unex- 
plored. The  shepherd  with  his  flocks,  an 
occasional  prospector  or  trapper,  and  forest 
officers  are  practically  its  only  frequenters. 

Parts  of  it,  like  the  mysterious  canyon  of 
Lost  River,  are  known  to  very  few.  This 
' back  country  can  be  reached  by  trails,  and 
offers  unique  enjoyment  to  the  man  who 
loves  the  wilderness.  The  northern  section 
of  the  Cascade  Mountains  is  perhaps  its 
most  rugged  and  beautiful  part.  High 
peaks,  glaciers,  and  waterfalls  abound. 

The  mountain  goat,  which  is  rapidly  dis- 
appearing in  the  more  southern  mountains, 
makes  its  home  here  and  is  frequently  seen, 
rhere  is  no  open  season  for  killing  this  rare 

inimal.  Deer  and  bear  are  little  molested.  Deer  may  be  hunted  from  October  i 

0 November  15,  inclusive.  The  larger  streams  furnish  excellent  fishing,  having 
lever  been  fished  out.  Entering  this  country  from  the  Methow  or  Okanogan 
ne  finds  abundant  horse  feed,  which  makes  leisurely  travel  possible 

1 AutomobiIe  tourists  “ay  reach  the  Okanogan  Forest  by  a 5-hour  drive  from 
enatchee  up  the  Columbia  River  to  Pateros,  turning  here  up  the  Methow  to 
w,sp,  Wmthrop,  and  Mazama  on  State  Road  No.  I2.  FreqUent  byroads  lead  to 
na  er  tributaries.  Many  good  camping  places  are  found  along  the  main  road 
articularly  at  Gold  Creek,  up  the  Twisp  River,  and  along  the  west  fork  of  the 


Brook  trout 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Twer 

Methow.  The  lower  hills  are  covered  with  a comfortable  shade  of  open  yelkr 
pine  timber.  The  streams  are  clear  and  swift. 

From  State  Road  No.  12,  trails  lead  12  or  15  miles  to  the  rugged  peaks  of  thj 
Sawtooth  Mountains,  8,000  feet  high,  which  overlook  Take  Chelan  in  its  wonderfi 
setting  of  mountain  scenery.  Trails  also  lead  down  from  the  summit  to  the  shorj 
of  the  lake,  a distance  of  about  6 miles. 

There  are  trout  in  the  streams  and  deer  in  the  hills,  and  stores  and  farr 
houses  along  the  valley  to  furnish  supplies.  Innumerable  sheltered  places  invit 
the  tourist  to  camp  in  quiet  enjoyment.  At  Alta  Take,  near  Pateros,  the  wate 
is  clear  and  warm  enough  for  bathing.  Sixty-five  miles  up  the  valley  the  roa 
narrows  to  a “narrow  gauge,”  or  trail,  which  leads  through  Harts  Pass  and  the 
down  the  western  slopes  of  the  Cascades  and  along  the  route  of  the  propose 
State  road  crossing  the  mountains  to  the  coast.  At  Twisp  a road  strikes  east 
crossing  the  Okanogan  Range  at  an  elevation  of  4,000  feet  and  going  down  t 
Okanogan.  This  is  usually  open  to  automobiles  by  May  1,  and  has  excellen 
places  to  camp  in  the  yellow  pine  timber,  particularly  near  Sweat  Creek  Range 
Station,  where  the  country  is  smooth  and  pleasing,  having  an  elevation  of  3,50 
feet  above  sea  level.  From  Okanogan  State  Road  No.  10  leads  up  the  valley  t 
Oroville,  near  the  Canadian  line. 

A return  trip  may  be  made  through  the  foothills  by  way  of  Toomis  an» 
Conconully  to  Okanogan,  and  thence  south  to  Pateros.  From  Oroville  one  ma 
take  a popular  run  into  British  Columbia  around  Takes  Osoyoos  and  Okanogar 
There  is  a Government  reclamation  project  and  dam  at  Conconully.  Man; 

attractive  places  invite  the  tourist  to  camp  along  the  route.  One  can  find  hote 

i 

accommodation  and  make  the  trip  from  Wenatchee  to  Okanogan,  Oroville,  Con 
conully,  Twisp,  and  return  to  Wenatchee  in  three  or  four  days;  but  many  prefer  t< 
go  prepared  to  camp  and  enjoy  more  fully  the  cool  and  shady  places  along  the  way 
Tourists  looking  for  an  unusually  picturesque  trip  may  outfit  at  Winthrop 

I 

go  with  pack  horses  up  Eight  Mile  Creek  to  Cathedral  Take,  thence  west  to  thi 

summit  of  the  Cascades,  south  along  the  summit  to  Harts  Pass,  and  return  through 

$ 

Mazama  to  Winthrop.  This  trip  may  be  made  in  two  weeks,  but  deserves  a muc' 
longer  time. 

At  Cathedral  Takes  the  traveler  is  near  the  Bauerman  Ridge  State  sheef 
preserve,  where  he  may  get  sight  of  mountain  sheep.  At  the  head  of  Eight  Mile 


Twrnty- 

One 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Creek  he  is  in  one  of  the  hest  mountain  goat  countries.  Both  goats  and  ptar- 
migan are  frequently  seen  along  the  route,  but  may  be  hunted  only  with  a 
camera.  Here  also  is  opportunity  to  explore  the  deep  and  little  known  canyon 
of  Lost  River,  which  flows  alternately  above  and  below  the  ground  for  miles 
between  high  rocky  walls.  Cathedral,  Remmel,  Sheep,  Ashnola,  and  Windry 
Peaks  may  be  climbed  for  the  extensive  views  which  they  command.  Ashnola 
and  Pasayten  Rivers  furnish  excellent  fishing,  as  do  other  streams  and  lakes. 

The  trails  follow  for  miles  along  open  grassy  ridges,  unique  in  the  Cascades  and 
a great  convenience  for  horse  travel.  There  is  much  to  explore  and  enjoy.  The 
summit  of  the  Cascades  is  exceedingly  rough  and  broken,  but  the  old  trails  are 
traveled  each  year  by  the  sheepmen  with  their  horses  and  many  thousands  of  sheep. 
It  is  a wonderful  country,  with  high  peaks,  glaciers,  mountain  meadows,  and  snow 
fields  which  are  yet  to  be  opened  to  those  who  enjoy  mountain  travel. 

Shorter  trips,  either  by  horse  or  afoot,  are  numerous.  One-day  trips  may  be 
made  from  Methow  Valley  to  the  8,ooo-foot  summits  of  the  Sawtooth  Mountains 
and  thence  to  Lake  Chelan;  from  Mazama  to  the  summit  of  the  Cascades;  from 
Conconully  or  Loomis  to  the  Okanogan  summits,  6,000  to  8,000  feet  high.  Tiffany 
Mountain,  8,775  feet  in  elevation,  can  be  reached  in  a day  from  Conconully. 
Mount  Gardiner,  8,300  feet,  offers  a difficult  climb  from  Winthrop.  Two  days 
should  be  allowed  for  this  trip.  An  especially  pleasing  trip,  either  on  foot  or  horse- 
back, starts  at  Twisp,  follows  the  Twisp  River  to  War  Creek  or  Twisp  Pass  and 
down  to  the  head  of  Lake  Chelan,  where  the  boat  trip  on  the  lake  may  be  made 
from  Stehekin. 

For  those  who  desire  to  build  summer  cottages  or  lodges  in  the  cool  open 
shade  of  the  yellow-pine  timber  there  is  abundant  opportunity.  It  is  especially 
attractive  in  the  vicinity  of  Winthrop  and  Twisp.  There  is  train  service  to  Pateros 
and  comfortable  twice-a-day  stages  up  the  Methow  either  to  Twisp  or  to  Winthrop. 
Land  can  be  leased  at  a moderate  rental  from  the  Forest  Service.  Sites  beside 
automobile  roads  and  within  easy  reach  of  supplies  are  available. 

Full  use  of  the  National  Forests  for  recreation  in  all  its  phases  is  encouraged. 
The  headquarters  of  the  supervisor  is  at  Okanogan.  Rangers  are  stationed  at 
Winthrop,  Twisp,  Pateros,  Conconully,  and  Loomis.  Information  concerning 
recreation  and  other  features  of  the  Forest  may  be  secured  at  any  of  these  points. 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Twenty 

Tu. 


OLYMPIC  NATIONAL  FOREST 

/nrAHE  Olympic  National  Forest  is  on  the  Olympic  Peninsula,  and  takes  in  tht 
JL  entire  upper  drainage  of  the  Olympic  Mountains.  Since  the  extension  o: 
the  Olympic  Highway  to  the  foothills  along  Hood  Canal,  the  Straits  o: 
Juan  de  Fuca,  and  Quinault  Lake,  a great  number  of  people  have  been  able  tc 
explore  the  Olympics. 

The  rugged  crags  of  Mount  Constance,  the  Brothers,  and  the  Cushman  Moun 
tains,  as  they  appear  from  any  point  on  Puget  Sound,  do  not  look  easy  to  scale 
yet  frequently  during  the  summer  season  parties  ascend  these  high,  majestic  snow- 
caps.  Mount  Olympus,  with  its  many  hanging  glaciers,  has  been  the  main  object 
of  most  of  the  larger  exploring  expeditions.  It  can  be  climbed  with  comparative 
ease  and  safety  during  late  summer,  although  it  calls  for  trail  travel  of  fully  4c 
miles  up  the  Elwha  River.  Greater  distances  must  be  covered  coming  up  the 
Hoh  from  the  west,  up  the  Quinault  from  the  south,  or  over  the  Dosewallips  divide 
from  the  east,  in  order  to  reach  its  immediate  base.  It  has  an  altitude  of  about 
8,000  feet  and  is  the  culmination  of  a group  of  rugged  peaks  and  high,  craggy  ridges 
ranging  from  5,000  to  6,000  feet. 

Although  the  valleys  and  lower  slopes  of  the  Olympic  Mountains  are  heavily 
timbered,  many  large  open  park  areas  are  located  near  the  divides;  and  it  is  here, 
during  the  summer  season,  that  one  sees  the  Olympic  elk  (Roosevelt  elk),  an  animal 
protected  by  law  until  now  it  is  found  in  abundance  throughout  these  natural 
retreats.  These  park-like  woodlands  are  of  special  interest,  since  they  are  little 
beyond  the  exploration  stage  of  development  at  present.  They  abound  in  interest- 
ing animal  and  alpine-plant  life. 

Crescent  Lake,  Quinault  Lake,  and  Lake  Cushman,  situated  as  they  are  in 
densely  timbered  regions  abruptly  bordered  by  steep,  high,  rugged  mountain 
slopes,  almost  approach  the  sublime  in  natural  beauty.  For  those  who  do  not 
wish  to  take  their  own  camp  equipment,  attractive  hotels  have  been  built  at  these; 
points,  and  recreational  facilities  of  many  kinds  have  been  developed.  Trout — { 
Beardsley,  Lake  Cresent,  cut-throat,  rainbow,  Dolly  Varden — and  other  gamey  fish- 


are  found  in  these  lakes.  A number  of  summer  visitors  who  come  regularly  have 


established  summer  cottages  on  the  shores  on  lots  rented  from  the  Government  at 
the  modest  rates  of  $10  and  $15  per  annum. 


Twenty- 

Three 


In  the  Open— The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Summer  home  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Quinault 

Lrescent  Lake  is  a beautiful,  deep-blue  body  of  water  1 1 miles  long  by  one- 
half  to  2 miles  wide.  It  is  set  between  the  timbered  slopes  of  Mount  Muller  and 
Mount  Storm  King,  on  the  northern  edge  of  the  Olympic  Forest.  Here  there  are 
good  boating,  fishing,  and  bathing.  Hotels  are  available  for  those  who  do  not  care 
to  camp  out.  There  is  a daily  automobile  stage  service  between  Crescent  Lake 
and  the  Sol  Due  Hot  Springs,  and  to  Forks,  the  present  terminus  of  the  Olympic 
Highway.  Mora,  on  the  Quillayute,  can  be  easily  reached  by  motor,  and  from  here 
ft 1S  a walk  of  miles  to  La  Push,  the  Indian  village  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  beach. 
\urora  Camp,  Happy  Lake,  and  the  Olympic  Hot  Springs  are  a few  of  the  interest- 
's objectives  in  the  region  for  hiking  trips.  Crescent  Lake  is  located  220  miles 
rom  Seattle,  on  the  scenic  Olympic  Highway.  Convenient  stopping  places  are 
ound  along  the  way.  For  those  desiring  to  follow  regular  transportation  routes 
1 midnight  steamer  may  be  had  from  the  Coleman  Dock  at  Seattle.  The  boat 
irrives  at  Port  Angeles  daily  at  7 a.  m.,  from  which  point  large  motor  stages  take 
he  tourists  direct  to  Crescent  Lake,  20  miles  west.  Or  one  may  travel  over  the 
’eattle,  Port  Angeles  & Western  Railroad,  the  railroad  ticket  entitling  one  to 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington  Twfo 


A wayside  camp — Olympic  National  Forest 


take  a boat  from  Seattle  at  8 a.  m.  and  5 p.  m.,  transferring  to  the  railroad  at  Por 
Townsend.  By  this  route  Port  Angeles  is  reached  at  noon  or  about  10.30  p.  m 
Lake  Crescent  is  unique  in  being  the  home  of  the  Beardsley  and  Crescent  trout 
which  are  found  nowhere  else  in  the  world.  The  Beardsley  is  the  largest  knowi 
true  fresh-water  trout.  Specimens  weighing  24  pounds  have  been  caught  in  reccn 
years,  by  trolling  with  a metal  line  at  a depth  of  200  feet.  The  open  fishing  seasof 
is  from  April  to  November,  inclusive. 

The  Quinault  Lake  region  has  been  made  accessible  recently  to  tourists  and  i; 
rapidly  becoming  appreciated  on  account  of  its  picturesque  setting  among  denseb 
timbered  mountain  slopes,  with  a background  border  of  high  craggy  ridges  anc: 
snow-covered  peaks.  It  is  approximately  4 miles  long  by  2 miles  wide.  It  is 
located  45  miles  north  of  Hoquiam,  Wash.,  and  being  on  the  Olympic  Highway 
can  readily  be  reached  by  automobile.  There  is  a daily  motor  stage  service  be; 
tween  Hoquiam  and  the  lake.  Points  of  interest  in  this  vicinity  are  Mount  Baldyi 
Colonel  Bob,  Finley  Ridge,  and  Three  Lakes  meadow.  The  canoe  trip  down  thl 
lower  river  35  miles  through  the  Quinault  Indian  Reservation  to  Taholah,  on  the 
ocean  beach,  is  worth  taking.  High  glacial  mountains,  such  as  Mount  Anderson 
and  some  of  the  large  groups  surrounding  Olympus,  offer  wilder  interest.  Good 
fishing  has  always  been  a strong  attraction  to  those  visiting  this  region.  Quinault 


Twenty  - 
Fite 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Elk  on  Hoh  River — Olympic  National  Forest 

Lake  teems  with  rainbow  trout  and  a good  variety  of  small  salmon,  which  may  be 
caught  during  the  open  season.  Clear  and  cool  drinking  water  is  abundant  in 
springs  and  small  creeks  flowing  from  the  mountains.  Bathing  and  boating  are 
features  not  to  be  overlooked. 

Lake  Cushman,  located  near  the  lower  end  of  Hood  Canal,  is  somewhat  smaller 
but  no  less  attractive  than  Lakes  Crescent  and  Ouinault.  Here  also  are  hotel 
accommodations  and  opportunities  for  canoeing,  fishing,  and  bathing.  The  upper 
and  more  mountainous  country  is  quite  accessible  from  here. 

Olympic  Hot  Springs,  which  can  be  reached  by  road  or  trail,  is  1 1 miles  from 
the  Elwha  post  office,  on  the  Olympic  Highway.  It  is  an  especially  attractive  place 
tor  those  desiring  the  privileges  of  hot  mineral  baths.  These  springs  are  free  to  all. 
rhe  water  flows  from  beneath  the  surface  of  rock  ledges  in  sufficient  quantities  to 
accommodate  hundreds  of  tourists.  A hotel  with  reasonable  rates  is  established 
iere,  and  there  are  also  bath-houses.  For  those  preferring  their  own  accommoda- 
10ns,  splendid  camping  places  can  easily  be  had  near  the  springs  along  Boulder 
^reek.  A camp  here  makes  good  headquarters  for  side  trips  in  quest  of  the  more 
lardy  forms  of  recreation,  such  as  mountain  climbing  and  hunting  in  the  higher 
fountains  and  glaciers.  Hunting  is  fairly  good  within  a few  hours  of  the  springs, 
.nd  there  is  an  open  game  season. 

9387°— 20 4 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington  Twe^\ 

— 

Deer,  bear,  mountain  lion,  and  smaller  game,  such  as  grouse,  quail,  ant! 
pheasants,  are  found  in  portions  of  the  Olympic  Forest.  For  the  camera  enthusias 
there  are  mountain  parks,  dense  forests,  snow  peaks,  glaciers,  lakes,  cascades,  an< 
waterfalls,  and  wild  animal  life.  Of  the  latter,  the  Olympic  elk  are  of  the  greates 

interest  to  the  average  moun 
tain  visitor.  It  is  estimatec| 
that  there  are  more  than  5,00c j 
elk  to  be  found  within  the1 
Olympic  National  Forest.  The} 
are  often  seen  in  bands  of  froir 
20  to  100,  particularly  in  the 
larger  mountain  meadows  anc| 
valleys  of  the  central  and 
western  slopes.  Approximately 
2,000  of  these  animals  winter  in 
the  Hoh  Valley  alone.  The 
other  popular  haunts  are  the 
Queets,  Elwha,  Ouinault,  Sole- 
duck,  and  Bogachiel  Valleys,  in 
the  order  named.  There  is  no 
open  season  for  killing  elk, 
though  there  is  no  law  against 
hunting  with  a camera.  The; 
blacktail  is  the  only  species  of! 
deer  known  to  range  in  the. 
Olympic  Mountains  and  may! 
be  killed  only  during  the  month 
of  October.  Black  bear  are  I 
fairly  common,  and  cougar  are 

Falls  and  canyon  on  Soleduck  River 

rather  frequently  found.  The( 
large  timber  wolf,  a menace  to  young  deer  and  weak  elk  during  the  season  of  deep: 
snows,  is  becoming  rare.  Wildcat,  marten,  fisher,  beaver,  marmots,  squirrels,  rabbits,  < 
mountain  beaver,  and  chipmunks  are  the  more  common  smaller  wild  animals. 

The  Forest  Supervisor’s  headquarters  is  at  Olympia,  and  district  rangers  are 
located  at  Port  Angeles,  Quilcene,  Hoodsport,  and  Olson,  Wash. 


Twenty- 

Seven 


In  the  Open—The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


RAINIE.R  NATIONAL  FOREST 

RAINIER  NATIONAL  FOREST  extends  from  the  White  River  on  the  north 
to  Mount  Adams  at  the  south,  and  from  the  headwaters  of  the  Skook- 
umchuck  River  on  the  west  to  the  lower  reaches  of  the  Naches  River  on 
the  east.  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  is  entirely  surrounded  by  the  Rainier 
National  Forest. 

The  larger  streams  of  the  Forest  are  the  White,  Cowlitz,  Cispus,  and  Tieton 
Rivers,  and  the  Naches  and  its  tributaries.  The  main  divide  of  the  Cascades  sep- 
arates the  Forest  into  two  parts  quite  different  in  climate,  landscape,  and  forest 
cover.  Dense  forests  of  fir,  cedar,  and  hemlock  cover  the  valleys  and  lower  foothills 
of  the  west  side  and  traveling  is  limited  to  the  trails.  There  is  little  forage  except 
on  the  summit  of  the  higher  ridges.  On  the  east  slope  the  timber  is  open  and  there 
are  few  localities  where  grass  is  not  abundant. 

The  Cascade  divide  extends  north  and  south  through  the  Forest,  reaching  an 
elevation  of  12,307  feet  in  Mount  Adams  and  8,201  feet  at  the  Goat  Rocks.  The 
general  elevation  of  the  summit  is  about  5,000  feet.  It  is  a subalpine  region  and 

includes  many  open  parks  and  grassy  meadows,  where  there  is  pasturage  for  saddle 
and  pack  animals. 

Many  of  the  forest  streams  are  well  supplied  with  cut-throat  and  rainbow 
:rout.  The  Dolly  Varden  is  common,  except  in  the  smaller  streams.  It  is  much 
nfenor  m flavor  to  the  other  trout  species.  Great  numbers  of  trout  are  caught  in 
’ackwood  Lake  and  the  Green  Water  Lakes.  The  best  trout  streams  are  the 
\ aches,  the  South  Fork  of  the  Tieton,  and  upper  Bumping  River  on  the  east  slope 
.nd  the  tributaries  of  the  Cispus  and  Cowlitz  on  the  west  slope.  A fair  catch  can 

-e  made  in  nearly  all  the  streams,  but  the  best  fishing  is  in  those  most  remote  and 
*ast  accessible. 

Deer  are  abundant,  but  not  easily  seen  or  hunted  except  in  sparsely  timbered 
reas  of  high  elevation.  Elk,  which  have  been  introduced,  are  rapidly  increasing 
nder  the  protection  of  the  game  laws.  Black  bear  are  abundant,  and  mountain 
ats  are  occasionally  seen.  The  pheasant  and  the  grouse  (or  “hooter”)  are  the 
1 Common  S®  birds.  Mountain  and  California  quail  are  not  uncommon,  and 
-armigan  are  occasionally  seen  at  the  higher  elevations.  The  State  game  and  fish 
ws  apply  to  National  Forests,  and  Forest  officers  cooperate  with  the  State  author- 
their  efforts  to  preserve  by  careful  use  the  game  resources  of  the  State. 


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Twenty- 

Eight 


“Bow  string”  pack  bridge  over  Rattlesnake  Creek — Rainier  National  Forest 

Roads  lead  into  the  Forest  along  the  larget  stream  valleys,  but  have  not  yet 
been  completed  across  the  summit  of  the  Cascades.  State  highways  carry  the 
travel  from  Tacoma  and  Seattle  well  into  the  Forest  along  the  White,  Nisquallv,  ( 
and  Cowlitz  Rivers. 

McClellan  Pass  Highway,  built  by  the  Forest  Service  and  the  State,  is  now  < 
completed  as  far  as  The  Dalles  of  White  River  and  is  under  construction  to  the  ! 
northeast  corner  of  the  National  Park.  From  Knumclaw  this  road  is  through  a 
dense  forest,  the  timber  of  which  is  straight  and  tall.  , 

A summer-home  colony  is  growing  up  beside  this  highway,  just  above  Silver 
Creek.  This  stream  receives  its  name  from  the  succession  of  silvery  white  falls  and 
cascades  along  its  course. 

The  National  Park  Highway  from  Tacoma  to  Mount  Rainier  follows  the  Nis-  ; 
qually  River  in  the  Rainier  National  Forest  for  3 miles.  j 

A fairly  good  trail,  starting  near  Copper  Creek  in  the  Nisqually  Valley,  extends  ! 
north  across  the  Mowich  and  Puyallup  watersheds,  through  heavy  timber,  to  the  ' 
Carbon  Valley  at  Fairfax. 


Twtnty- 

Nine 


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In  the  Open— The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Thirti 


At  the  top  of  the  divide— Rainier  National  Forest 

A passable  road  extends  up  the  Cowlitz  Valley  to  Lewis,  where  there  is  a hotel 
and  store.  A trail  leads  from  Lewis  to  Packwood  Lake.  Lewis  is  16  miles  by 
trail  from  Longmire  Springs.  From  Lewis  the  Chanapecosh  Hot  Springs  are 
reached  by  a 14-mile  trip,  partly  by  road  and  the  remainder  by  trail.  The  Goat 
Rocks  are  high  snow  peaks  about  15  miles  distant  from  Lewis,  situated  in  a region 
that  is  particularly  attractive. 

A graded  trail  extends  from  Longmire  Springs  to  Mount  Adams,  at  the  south 
end  of  the  Forest.  This  trail  leads  through  a country  of  many  scenic  attractions 
and  makes  a foot  or  horseback  trip  well  worth  while. 

The  Chain  of  Lakes  country  is  a high  but  comparatively  level  region  just  below 
the  snow  hills  on  the  west  slope  of  Mount  Adams.  It  is  a favorite  berry-picking 
and  hunting  ground  of  the  Indians,  who  go  there  by  hundreds  during  the  latter 
part  of  August. 

The  traveler  may  proceed  from  the  Chain  of  Lakes  to  Glenwood,  or  Trout  Lake, 
and  thence  to  Portland  by  stage  and  train.  The  entire  trip  from  Tacoma  by  Long 
mire  Springs,  Chain  of  Lakes,  Glenwood,  or  Trout  Lake,  to  Portland  mav  be  made 


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In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


in  from  ten  days  to  two  weeks,  and  affords  an  excellent  opportunity  to  see  the 
south  slope  of  Mount  Rainier  in  the  National  Park,  and  the  west  slope,  the  sum- 
mit, and  the  east  slope  of  the  main  Cascade  Range  in  the  Rainier  National  Forest. 

The  Mount  Bel  and  Lake  Christine  region  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  places 
in  the  Forest.  It  is  a mountain  country,  with  many  small  clear  lakes  and  alpine 
meadows. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  Forest,  wagon  roads  passable  by  automobile  extend  up 
■ the  Naches  and  Tieton  Valleys  from  Yakima  and  Ellensburg.  Hotel  accomoda- 
tions can  be  obtained  at  Bumping  Lake  and  on  the  Naches  at  the  mouth  of  Bump- 
ing River.  There  is  also  a wagon  road  into  the  Forest  up  the  Taneum  Valley. 
Many  summer-home  sites  are  located  north  of  the  junction  of  American  and  Bump- 
ing Rivers,  and  may  be  reached  by  automobile  up  the  Naches  Valley. 

A splendid  horse  trip  carries  the  traveler  up  the  American  River  to  Bear  Gap, 
thence  south  along  the  main  summit  of  the  Cascades  to  Carleton  Pass,  returning  by 
way  of  Bumping  Lake  and  Bumping  River.  One  of  the  best  views  of  Mount  Rai- 
nier may  be  seen  along  the  summit.  This  trip  requires  at  least  a week’s  time  and 
should  not  be  undertaken  until  about  the  middle  of  August,  on  account  of  snow. 
There  is  a tent  hotel  at  the  mouth  of  American  River,  where  accommodations  may 
be  secured. 

Colonies  are  growing  up  on  the  summer-home  site  tracts  on  Gold  Creek  and 
along  the  Naches.  These  sites  are  rented  from  the  Government  at  rates  ranging 
from  $10  to  $15  a year,  according  to  location. 

The  Forest  Supervisor’s  headquarters  is  in  the  Post  Office  Building,  Tacoma. 
District  rangers  are  stationed  at  Fairfax,  Nile,  Enumclaw,  Randle,  Ashford,  Lewis, 
and  Yakima. 

SNOQUALMIE  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  Snoqualmie  National  Forest  is  situated  in  the  eastern  portions  of  King 
and  Snohomish  Counties,  extending  from  the  Pierce  County  boundary 
on  the  south  to  the  Skagit  County  line  on  the  north.  The  eastern  bound- 
ary of  the  Forest  is  the  main  summit  of  the  Cascade  Range,  while  the  western 
line  is  along  the  foothills.  The  principal  streams  draining  this  territory  from 
north  to  south  are  the  Sauk,  Stilaguamish,  Sultan,  Skykomish,  three  forks  of 
the  Snoqualmie,  and  the  Cedar  and  Green  Rivers.  Narrow  valleys  are  char- 
acteristic of  the  region,  between  which  the  intervening  ridges  rise  in  steep  slopes 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Thirty 

Tw 


The  forest  ranger  knows  the  country  and  is  always  glad  to  direct  travelers 

culminating  in  high  rugged  peaks,  usually  above  timber  line  and  in  many  cases 
clothed  with  perpetual  snow  and  ice. 

Although  close  to  many  cities,  the  Snoqualmie  Forest  is  one  of  the  most  popular 
regions  for  sportsmen  in  the  State.  Black-tail  and  mule  deer  and  black  and  brown 
bear  are  found  throughout  the  territory.  Deer  may  be  hunted  only  during  the 
month  of  October.  Mountain  goats  at  one  time  were  very  plentiful,  but  have 
been  killed  off  until  at  present  they  are  to  be  found  only  in  the  most  rugged  and 
inaccessible  portions  of  the  Forest.  Fishing  is  excellent  after  the  first  of  July, 
rainbow  trout  and  cut-throats  abounding  in  all  the  larger  streams.  Many  of  the 1 
lakes  have  been  artificially  stocked,  both  with  native  species  and  with  eastern  brook 
trout.  The  open  fishing  season  is  from  April  to  November,  inclusive.  Ptarmigan 
are  frequently  seen  in  the  higher  mountains,  and  grouse  and  fool-hens  are  found 
in  limited  numbers  at  lower  altitudes. 

Attractive  camp  sites  are  situated  at  short  intervals  along  every  creek  and  « 
among  the  lakes  and  meadows  in  the  high  country.  Along  the  principal  routes  ‘ 
of  travel  the  Forest  Service  has  cleared  up  the  most  desirable  sites  for  the  benefit  of  : 
the  public. 


Thirty- 

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In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Glacier  Peak,  10,436  feet  high,  is  the  most  noted  landmark  in  the  region,  and 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  snow  peaks  in  the  Cascade  Range.  A large  system  of 
glaciers  extends  around  the  entire  mountain. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  and  accessible  bits  of  mountain  scenery  in  the  State 
lies  along  the  valley  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Stilaguamish  between  Silverton  and 
Monte  Cristo.  Both  sides  of  this  valley  are  lined  with  rugged  spirelike  peaks, 
which  bear  many  snow  fields  and  living  glaciers — a paradise  for  those  who  are 
; fond  of  mountaineering.  Several  of  these  peaks  have  never  been  scaled. 

The  Index  region,  in  the  lower  Skykomish  Valley,  is  well  worth  visiting.  It 
is  walled  in  by  high  mountains,  such  as  Index  Mountain,  Gunn  Peak,  Baring  Moun- 
tain, and  Mount  Persis,  which  reach  elevations  of  from  6,000  to  7,000  feet.  Several 
beautiful  waterfalls  in  the  main  Skykomish  River  are  situated  here.  There  are 
many  side  trips  to  charming  mountain  lakes,  such  as  Isabel  and  Serens.  Farther 
up  the  valley  the  traveler  can  reach  without  great  difficulty  the  splendid  mountain 
region  surrounding  Take  Dorothy.  The  country  around  Snoqualmie  Pass  is  the 
most  interesting  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  Forest.  It  is  easily  reached  by  rail 
or  automobile  and  is  noted  for  its  beautiful  lakes  and  massive  rocky  peaks.  Snow 
Lake  is  an  exceptionally  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  surrounded  by  towering  moun- 
tains and  glistening  snow  fields.  Franklin  Falls  is  another  point  of  interest. 

Accessibility  is  one  of  the  great  advantages  of  this  region  from  an  outing 
standpoint.  All  the  principal  valleys  can  be  inexpensively  reached  by  train  or 
automobile  in  from  2 to  6 hours  from  Seattle,  Tacoma,  or  Everett.  Regular  stage 
rnes  run  from  the  Forest  to  all  the  larger  towns  adjacent  to  its  boundaries.  Also, 
t is  crossed  by  the  Sunset  and  Scenic  Highways,  by  the  main  lines  of  the  Northern 
Pacific,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul,  and  the  Great  Northern  Railways,  and 

s tapped  by  the  Hartford  and  Eastern  and  by  the  Carrington  Branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific. 

Travel  off  the  regular  routes  is  generally  arduous,  not  only  because  of  the 
teepness  of  the  mountains,  but  also  because  of  the  heavy  timber  and  dense  under- 
growth. The  excellent  trails  of  the  Forest  Service,  marked  by  frequent  guide 
igns,  enable  even  the  inexperienced  traveler  to  reach  the  most  interesting  places; 
ut  anyone  who  has  not  had  considerable  experience  in  mountaineering  should 
ot  attempt  to  go  into  the  remote  sections  or  off  the  main  trails  without  a reliable 

I 9387  — 20 5 


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Thirty- 

Four 


guide.  In  most  instances,  anyone  who  takes  a trail  trip  will  be  forced  to  carry! 
his  supplies  and  equipment  upon  his  back,  because  pack  horses  and  saddle  horses 
are  scarce  and  there  is  little  available  pasturage.  Pack  trips  of  three  or  four  days’ 

duration  are  perfectly  feasible! 


over  the  main  trails,  provided 
arrangements  are  made  to  carry 
sufficient  hay  and  grain. 

The  best  season  for  camp- 
ing is  between  June  1 5 and  No- 
vember 1 , although  in  some 
cases  there  is  a month  of  good 
weather  in  April  or  May.  Dur- 
ing winter  the  snowfall  is  ordi- 
narily extremely  heavy,  varying 
in  depth  from  4 to  20  feet. 

UPPER  SAUK  REGION 


Small  but  snug 


Beginning  at  the  north  end 
of  the  Forest,  the  last  outfitting 
place  is  Darrington,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  a branch  line  of  the 
Northern  Pacific.  Darrington 
is  also  reached  from  Arlington, 
30  miles  west,  by  automobile 
or  stage  over  a fairly  good  road. 
Hotel  accommodations  can  be  had  at  Darrington,  and  supplies,  horses,  and  guides  i 
can  be  obtained  at  reasonable  rates.  There  are  no  garages,  but  gas  is  available. 

Hotel  accommodations  and  supplies  can  be  obtained  also  at  Oso,  Hazel,  and 
Fortson,  railroad  stations  between  Arlington  and  Darrington.  From  Darrington 
trails  radiate  in  various  directions,  the  most  popular  being  up  the  Sauk  River,  over  i 
a good  route  suitable  for  horses.  Excellent  camping  places  are  found  along  it  at  j 
close  intervals.  The  distance  to  Clear  Creek  Ranger  Station  is  3 miles;  to  the  \ 
Whitechuck  bridge,  10.6  miles;  to  Goat  Take,  26.1  miles;  and  to  Barlow  Pass,  j 
24.4  miles.  From  the  Whitechuck  bridge  a horse  trail  extends  up  the  river  of  the 
same  name  to  Fire  Creek,  25  miles  from  Darrington,  and  it  is  not  difficult  to  con- 


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In  the  Open— The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


tinue  by  foot  to  Glacier  Peak,  a total  distance  of  38  miles.  The  good  fishing  grounds 
on  Deer  Creek  are  reached  over  a trail  running  north  from  Hazel  across  the  Higgins 

Range  (n  miles)  and  a branch  leads  off  this  trail  to  the  Mount  Higgins  Lookout 
Station. 

Fishing  is  especially  good  in  all  the  streams  of  this  locality.  The  most  popular 
streams  are  Boulder  Creek,  Clear  Creek,  and  the  Sauk  River  from  the  mouth  of  the 
W hitechuck  to  Bedal,  at  the  junction  of  the  north  and  south  forks  of  the  Sauk. 
The  South  Fork  of  the  Sauk  is  closed  to  fishing  and  hunting.  There  is  no  fishing 
in  the  Whitechuck  River  on  account  of  the  glacial  sediment  carried  by  that  stream. 
Good  fishing  may  be  had  in  Deer  Creek,  which  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Stila- 
guamish  River  at  Oso.  Deer  and  bear  are  fairly  plentiful,  the  best  hunting  being 
on  Mount  Higgins,  Squire  Creek,  and  Whitechuck  Mountain.  Grouse  are  quite 
plentiful  along  the  North  Fork  of  the  Stilaguamish  and  on  the  slopes  of  Mount 
Higgins.  Owing  to  the  rapid  extinction  of  the  game  in  this  region,  the  Goat  Lake 
Game  Refuge  was  set  aside  in  the  hope  of  increasing  the  number  of  game  animals. 
This  refuge  embraces  the  entire  watershed  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Sauk  and  that 
part  of  the  watershed  of  the  South  Fork  of  the  Stilaguamish  above  Perry  Creek. 
Neither  hunting  nor  fishing  is  permitted  on  this  area. 

The  best  scenic  trips  include  Goat  Lake,  Glacier  Peak,  and  the  headwaters  of 
Clear  Creek,  and  during  late  summer  many  inspiring  camping  places  can  be  found 
in  the  higher  mountains  among  the  lakes  and  mountain  meadows.  The  timber  is 
especially  fine  along  the  Sauk  and  the  lower  portion  of  the  Whitechuck.  A fire 
lookout  station  is  maintained  on  Pugh  Mountain  at  an  elevation  of  7,150  feet,  from 
which  a wonderful  view  can  be  obtained  of  the  Cascade  Range  from  the  Canadian 
boundary  to  Mount  Rainier  ana  Mount  Adams.  Huckleberries  are  especially 
plentiful  on  Mount  Higgins  and  Jumbo  Mountain  during  the  latter  part  of  August 

and  early  September.  Salmon  berries  are  plentiful  along  the  Sauk  River  earlier 
n the  season. 

MONTE  CRISTO  REGION 

The  town  of  Granite  Falls  is  the  last  outfitting  place  for  the  Monte  Cristo 
•egion.  Hotel  accommodations  and  all  kinds  of  supplies  are  available,  including 
;arage  facilities,  and  the  services  of  guides  may  be  obtained.  Hotel  accommoda- 
rons  can  be  had  farther  up  the  valley  at  Silverton  and  Monte  Cristo.  Granite 
' alls,  Silverton,  and  Monte  Cristo  are  on  the  Hartford  & Eastern  Railroad.  A good 


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Thirty- 

Six 


automobile  road  extends  from  Everett  to  Granite  Falls,  a distance  of  20  miles,  over 
which  there  is  a regular  stage  service.  Machines  can  be  driven  to  Robe,  8 miles 
farther  east. 

Many  points  of  interest  off  the  railroad  may  be  reached  over  a good  system 
of  trails,  such  as  the  5-mile  trail  from  Rotary  to  the  summit  of  Pilchuck  Mountain, 
where  a fire  lookout  station  is  maintained.  A sunset  or  a sunrise  view  from  this 
point  will  leave  a lasting  impression  on  the  mind  of  any  nature  lover.  Another 
good  trail  leaves  the  railroad  at  Mackie,  extends  up  Black  Creek  to  Hoodoo  Pass, 
4 miles,  and  continues  to  Pilchuck  Ranger  Station,  on  the  Pilchuck  River,  8 miles 
from  the  railroad.  From  Silverton  a foot  trail  leads  south  over  Marble  Pass,  at  an 
elevation  of  4,000  feet,  continuous  down  to  the  Forty-Five  Mine  (6  miles)  and  on 
to  Sultan  River,  13.1  miles  in  all.  Some  of  the  most  beautiful  scenery  in  the 
locality  is  along  the  Sunrise  trail,  which  leaves  the  railroad  about  6 miles  east  of 
Silverton  and  entends  south  for  1 1 miles  over  a high  mountainous  country  to  the 
head  of  Sultan  River.  This  trail  is  not  in  condition  for  horses,  but  can  be  traversed 
afoot  without  great  difficulty.  Vesper  Rock  can  be  climbed  easily  from  the  trail. 
From  Barlow  Pass  it  is  only  10  miles  to  Goat  Take,  over  a very  good  trail  suitable 
for  horses.  Darrington  can  be  reached  from  Barlow  Pass  by  the  trail  down  Sauk 
River,  a little  less  than  25  miles.  A foot  trail  starts  at  Monte  Cristo,  leads  over 
Poodle  Dog  Pass  to  Silver  Take  (1.6  miles),  and  thence  down  Silver  Creek  to  Galena 
and  Index.  The  latter  point  is  17.5  miles  from  Monte  Cristo. 

Fishing  is  one  of  the  chief  attractions  in  this  region,  and  splendid  catches  of 
rainbow  trout  are  made  throughout  the  open  season  in  the  South  Fork  of  Stilagua- 
mish  River.  A number  of  lakes  on  the  adjacent  mountain  slopes  have  recently 
been  stocked  with  trout  and  in  a few  years  will  provide  splendid  sport.  Hunting 
is  good  in  the  lower  part  of  the  valley,  deer,  bear,  and  grouse  being  fairly  plentiful. 
The  upper  end  of  the  valley  has  been  included  within  the  Goat  Take  Game  Refuge, 
and  all  hunting  and  fishing  is  prohibited  east  of  the  mouth  of  Perry  Creek.  Attrac- 
tive camp  sites  are  found  on  the  Pilchuck  Tookout  trail,  on  the  Deer  Creek  trail,  near 
Kelcema  Take,  at  Goat  Take,  and  at  Silver  Take  near  Monte  Cristo.  The  best 
scenic  trips  are  on  the  Sunrise  trail,  the  Silver  Take  trail,  and  in  the  vicinity  of 
Goat  Take.  In  addition  to  the  wonderful  mass  of  rugged  mountains  and  glaciers, 
seen  even  from  the  railroad,  the  Stilaguamish  gorge  between  Granite  Falls  and 


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Robe  is  a place  of  exceptional  beauty  and  interest.  Granite  Falls,  a short  distance 
below,  is  worth  a side  trip.  During  the  latter  part  of  August  and  early  September 
huckleberries  and  blackberries  abound  on  the  slopes  of  Long  Mountain,  Dickerman 
Mountain,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Silver  Lake. 

The  trip  into  the  Monte 
Cristo  district  is  especially  de- 
sirable to  those  who  have  only 
a limited  time  to  spend,  as  it 
can  be  made  from  Seattle  or 
Everett  in  one  day.  This  is 
made  possible  by  the  large  open 
sight-seeing  cars  that  are  op- 
erated by  the  railroad. 


SKYKOMISH  RIVER  REGION 


In  the  lower  Skykomish 
Valley  roads  extend  from  the 
town  of  Sultan  in  a northerly 
direction  toward  Sultan  Basin 
for  from  6 to  12  miles,  beyond 
which  the  traveler  must  go 
afoot.  However,  horses  can  be 
taken  over  the  Olney  Creek 
route  the  entire  distance  of  15 
miles.  The  Sultan  Canyon 
route  is  more  attractive  from 
a scenic  standpoint.  Farther 
up  the  valley  the  Index  region 
can  be  most  easily  reached  from 
the  town  of  Index,  situated  on 


A mountain  snowshoe  trip  in  the  alpine  country  around  Silver  Creek- 
Snoqualmie  National  Forest 


the  mam  line  of  the  Great  Northern.  It  can  be  reached  also  from  Everett  over 
an  excellent  automobile  road,  all  but  8 of  the  25  miles  being  hard-surfaced.  Stage 
lines  operate  regularly  between  Monroe  and  Index  during  summer  At  Index 


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hotel  accommodations,  storage  facilities  for  automobiles,  and  gasoline  may  be  had, 
and  a full  line  of  supplies  and  fishing  equipment.  Guides  can  be  obtained  here, 
but  no  horses. 

Trails  lead  out  in  several  directions  to  surrounding  points  of  interest,  the  most 
important  of  which  is  the  North  Fork  of  the  Skykomish  River,  famous  for  its  big 
rainbow  trout.  On  this  trail  Galena,  an  abandoned  mining  camp,  is  9 miles  from 
Index;  and  the  falls  of  the  North  Fork,  13  miles.  Lake  Isabel,  a beautiful  sheet 
of  water  set  among  rugged  peaks,  lies  3 miles  north  of  Reiter,  from  which  point 
it  is  reached  by  a trail.  Reiter  is  a railroad  point  4 miles  west  of  Index.  High 
upon  the  slopes  of  Index  Mountain  lies  Lake  Serene,  a small  body  of  water  reached 
by  4X  miles  of  foot  trail.  Good  fishing  is  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Index,  in  the 
North  Fork  and  main  Skykomish  Rivers.  Hunting  is  good,  and  many  bear  and 
deer  are  killed  each  open  season.  Grouse  are  scarce.  The  majestic  beauty  of 
Mount  Index  is  famous  throughout  the  State,  and  the  falls  of  the  main  Skykomish 
River  nearby  are  an  attraction  to  every  visitor  of  the  locality. 

A new  road,  giving  access  by  automobile  to  the  entire  valley,  has  been  con- 
structed from  Index  36  miles  up  the  Skykomish  valley  to  Berlin,  Skykomish,  and 
Scenic  Hot  Springs.  The  best  trip  from  Berlin  or  Skykomish  is  that  up  Miller 
River  to  Lake  Dorothy,  the  12  miles  being  covered  by  an  excellent  trail.  Splendid 
fishing  can  be  found  all  along  Miller  River.  Lake  Dorothy  was  artificially  stocked 
some  years  ago,  and  now  it  affords  some  of  the  best  sport  in  this  part  of  the  State. 
It  is  a mountain  lake,  surrounded  with  rugged  peaks  and  snow  fields,  affording 
most  attractive  camping  places. 

A trail  extends  8 miles  up  Beckler  River,  where  there  are  excellent  fishing  and 
many  good  camp  sites.  Hotel  accommodations  and  supplies  can  be  had  at  both 
Berlin  and  Skykomish,  and  in  the  latter  place  gasoline  is  available  and  the  services 
of  guides  can  often  be  obtained.  At  Scenic  Hot  Springs,  in  the  upper  end  of  the 
valley,  there  are  good  hotel  accommodations.  From  here  the  main  summit  of  the 
Cascade  Range  can  be  reached  by  foot  without  great  difficulty,  up  Surprise  Creek 
or  Deception  Creek.  Numerous  small  lakes  are  situated  at  the  heads  of  these 
streams.  There  are  good  camp  sites  along  all  the  streams,  and  fishing  is  excellent 
in  Tye  River. 


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SNOQUALMIE  RIVER  REGION 

North  Bend,  37  miles  from  Seattle,  is  the  logical  starting  point  for  all  trips 
along  the  North  and  Middle  Forks  of  the  Snoqualmie  River,  and  is  reached  by 
railroad  and  by  an  excellent  automobile  road.  There  is  regular  stage  service  from 
Seattle.  Hotel  accommodations  may  be  obtained,  and  all  kinds  of  supplies  may 
be  purchased.  Several  garages  will  care  for  cars,  and  horses  and  guides  are  avail- 
able. A machine  can  be  taken  on  a fair  road  from  6 to  8 miles  up  the  North  Fork, 
whence  a foot  trail  continues  nearly  to  the  headwaters  of  this  stream.  Lakes 
Hancock  and  Calligan,  on  the  North  Fork,  are  very  popular  among  fishermen  and 
campers.  For  trips  up  the  Middle  Fork,  machines  are  usually  driven  as  far  as 
Hubbard  ranch,  a distance  of  6 miles.  A good  horse  trail  continues  up  the  Middle 
Fork  Valley  to  the  Halfway  House,  15.2  miles  from  North  Bend,  and  on  to  Goldmyer 
Hot  Springs,  a total  distance  of  28.3  miles.  From  the  Halfway  House  another 
trail  extends  up  Pratt  River  to  Pratt  Lake  (9.2  miles)  and  Rockdale  (15  miles). 
The  trail  to  Snoqualmie  Lake  leaves  the  Middle  Fork  trail  about  3X  miles  above 
the  Halfway  House,  passing  Snoqualmie  Lake  at  12.3  miles  and  continuing  on  to 
Lake  Dorothy  and  Skykomish,  29.5  miles  from  the  Halfway  House. 

There  is  splendid  fishing  in  both  the  North  Fork  and  Middle  Fork  of  the 
Snoqualmie.  Game  is  abundant,  and  many  deer  and  bear  are  killed  here  every 
season.  A number  of  elk  from  the  Yellowstone  Park  were  liberated  here  a few 
years  ago,  and  may  often  be  seen  in  the  locality.  They  are  protected  bv  State 
law,  under  penalty  of  heavy  fines.  Magnificent  fir  and  cedar  timber  occurs  alon<, 
almost  the  entire  length  of  the  Middle  Fork  valley,  and  is  one  of  the  few  remaining 
samples  of  the  splendid  growth  formerly  found  throughout  the  western  part  of 
the  State.  The  mountain  scenery  is  particularly  attractive  in  the  vicinity  of 
Soldmyer  Hot  Springs  and  Dutch  Miller  Gap. 

ALONG  THE  SUNSET  HIGHWAY 

From  North  Bend  the  Sunset  Highway  extends  up  the  South  Fork  of  the 
bnoqualmie  to  Snoqualmie  Pass,  23  miles;  to  Lake  Keechelus,  29  miles;  and  thence 
o Cle  Elum  and  Ellensburg.  All  points  along  this  route  may  also  be  reached 
as  y over  the  mam  line  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway.  Hotel 


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Forty 


accommodations  and  gas  may  be  had  at  Snoqualmie  Pass  and  at  various  resorts 
on  Lake  Keechelus. 

Excellent  camp  grounds  have  been  constructed  by  the  Forest  Service  at  Denny 
Creek,  20  miles  east  of  North  Bend,  and  are  open  to  the  public  without  charge. 

Running  water  has  been  piped 


through  the  grounds,  and 
tables,  stoves,  parking  space 
for  automobiles,  and  other  con- 
veniences provided.  To  reach 
Snow  Lake  from  this  point  one 
travels  2 y2  miles  by  road  and 
5 miles  by  trail;  also  a trail 
leads  up  Denny  Creek  for  2 
miles  to  Snowshoe  Falls,  and 
another  up  the  main  river  1% 
miles  to  Franklin  Falls.  The 
trail  to  Pratt  Lake  and  the 
Middle  Fork  leaves  the  Sunset 
Highway  2 miles  west  of  the 
camp  grounds,  and  climbs  the 
mountain  on  an  easy  grade  to 
Pratt  Lake,  a total  distance  of 
8 miles.  From  this  point  it 
continues  down  Pratt  River  to 
the  Halfway  House,  17.2  miles  ' 
from  Denny  Creek,  and  to 
North  Bend,  a total  distance  of 
32.4  miles.  A fire-lookout  sta- 
tion on  the  summit  of  Granite  ; 


Entrance  to  the  Denny  Creek  Camp  Grounds 

Mountain  is  5 miles  from  Denny  Creek  Camp  Grounds,  over  a branch  leading  « 
off  the  Pratt  River  trail.  The  South  Fork  of  the  Snoqualmie  has  recently  • 
been  stocked  and  is  closed  to  fishing.  However,  Snow  Lake  was  stocked  several 
years  ago,  and  limit  catches  are  common  there.  Bear  hunting  is  excellent  on 
Granite  Mountain  and  along  Humpback  Creek,  and  grouse  are  also  plentiful. 


on?  In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 

Deer  are  reasonably  abundant.  The  scenery  is  particularly  good  around  Snow 
Lake  and  on  Commonwealth  Creek,  where  there  is  a group  of  high,  rocky  peaks. 
From  the  standpoint  of  timber  the  drive  between  North  Bend  and  Denny  Creek 
Camp  Grounds  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  State.  Franklin  Falls  offers 
another  attractive  feature  to  the  trip.  During  the  fall  huckleberries  are  abundant 
on  Granite  Mountain  and  around  Snow  Lake. 

PROHIBITED  AREAS 

The  valleys  in  the  south  end  of  the  Forest  are  closed  to  hunters,  campers,  and 
fishermen  for  the  reason  that  they  are  the  source  of  municipal  water  supplies. 
Seattle  is  dependent  on  Cedar  River  and  Tacoma  on  Green  River.  As  previously 
explained,  no  hunting  or  fishing  is  permitted  in  the  Goat  Lake  Game  Refuge,  in 
the  Monte  Cristo  region. 

GENERAL  INFORMATION 

More  detailed  information  and  maps  of  the  Snoqualmie  Forest  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Forest  Supervisor,  whose  headquarters  is  located  in  the  Stuart  Building, 
Seattle,  or  from  the  district  rangers,  whose  post  offices  are  Seattle,  Snohomish, 
Darrington,  and  Skykomish. 

WASHINGTON  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  west  slope  of  the  Cascade  Mountains  from  the  international  boundary 
southward  about  60  miles  forms  the  Washington  National  Forest.  It  is 
here  that  the  Cascade  Mountains  reach  their  greatest  development,  spread- 
ing out  to  a width  of  nearly  100  miles  in  a stern  and  rugged  region,  characterized 
by  narrow  shoestring  valleys,  with  little  or  no  bottom  land,  and  flanked  by  steep 
slopes,  the  whole  set  amidst  a vast  expanse  of  mountain  peaks. 

The  Skagit  River,  which  crosses  the  line  from  British  Columbia,  forms  with 
its  tributaries  the  main  drainage.  For  about  20  miles  the  stream  flows  south 
between  low  wooded  banks,  through  a comparatively  broad  valley.  Here  and 
there  it  forms  deep,  dark  pools  which  tempt  the  ambitious  angler. 

Just  below  Big  Beaver  Creek  the  river  gains  momentum  and  is  literally  turned 
011  edge  aS  11  passes  between  the  frowning  walls  of  Canyon  Diablo,  a narrow  cleft 
scarcely  10  feet  across,  with  sheer  walls  rising  upward  150  feet.  At  low  water  the 
:anyon  may  be  penetrated  by  boat. 


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Emerging  from  this  defile,  the  river  spreads  out  into  a great  rock-walled  pool, 
rushing  over  the  rocks  and  down  into  the  broadening  valley  in  a series  of  foaming 
rapids  7 miles  in  extent.  The  upper  Skagit  River  country  is  reached  by  the  county 
road  up  the  valley  from  Sedro- Woolley,  which  is  passable  for  automobiles  to  a 
point  10  miles  above  Marblemount.  Pack  horses  may  be  obtained  at  Marble- 
mount,  or  one  may  pursue  his  journey  on  foot.  At  the  mouth  of  Goodell,  Ste- 
tattle,  and  Ruby  Creeks  are  road  houses  where  meals  and  lodgings  may  be  ob- 
tained. Shelters  have  been  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  camping  parties  at 
intervals  along  the  trail.  It  is  known  as  the  Goat  Trail,  by  reason  of  its  roughness, 
and  among  its  scenic  features  are  the  Devil’s  Elbow  and  the  Giant  Stepping  Stones- 

The  main  upper  Skagit  River  and  its  tributaries — including  Ruby,  Eightning, 
Big  Beaver,  and  Eittle  Beaver  Creeks — are  filled  with  rainbow,  Dolly  Varden, 
black-spotted,  and  steel-head  trout,  and  offer  unsurpassed  fishing.  Hunters 
with  the  camera  may  find  black  and  brown  bear  and  black-tailed  and  white-tailed 
deer  fairly  abundant;  and  goat,  cougar,  bobcat,  coyote,  and  various  fur-bearing 
animals  are  also  common.  However,  all  that  portion  of  Whatcom  County  within 
the  Washington  Eorest,  which  includes  the  four  tiers  of  townships  south  of  the 
international  boundary,  has  been  set  aside  as  a State  game  preserve,  and  only  the 
hunting  of  predatory  animals  is  permitted. 

The  romance  of  early  mining  days  still  hovers  over  Ruby  Creek.  Here  are 
the  Butcher  Cabin,  Ghost  Cabin,  Goat  Stamp  Mill,  Hidden  Hand,  Lone  Tree  Gulch, 
Nip  and  Tuck,  and  many  other  old  prospects  and  abandoned  workings,  around 
which  passing  years  have  woven  strange  and  wonderful  tales. 

Those  who  prefer  the  high  mountain-meadow  country  will  find  along  the  summit 
of  the  Cascades  the  land  of  their  dreams.  Here  is  an  abundance  of  feed  for  horses, 
and  one  can  ride  or  walk  in  the  bracing  air  and  sunshine,  camping  wherever  night 
overtakes  him.  If  he  has  sufficient  skill  and  patience,  he  may  be  able  to  photo- 
graph a mountain  goat  at  close  range.  Splendid  fishing  is  offered  by  nearly  all 
the  streams  on  the  Washington  Eorest. 

Besides  the  upper  Skagit  and  its  tributaries,  Illabot  Creek  and  Lake,  Finney 
Creek,  and  the  Suiattle  River  and  its  tributaries  deserve  special  mention. 

Baker  Lake,  which  is  reached  by  a 17-mile  trail  from  Concrete,  a railroad  and 
outfitting  point,  is  attractive  to  many  people  who  enjoy  camp  life.  There  is  a 


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Forest  Service  trails  lead  deep  into  the  heart  of  the  woods  and  mountains — Thunder  Mountain  and  Pyramid  Peak 

large  fish  hatchery  located  beside  the  lake.  The  photographer  may  find  plenty 
here  to  try  his  skill — Mount  Baker  and  its  reflections  in  the  clear  waters,  the  shifting 
shadows  of  massive  Mount  Shuksan,  and  the  picturesque  Old  Baldy  standing 
pear  by. 

Five  miles  above  Baker  Take,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Mount  Baker,  are  Baker 
dot  Springs,  where  the  water  bubbles  from  the  ground  at  a temperature  of  iio°  F. 
\ small  natatorium  has  been  constructed  here  and  an  open  camping  shelter,  which 
vill  accomodate  half  a dozen  tourists.  A stone  fireplace  in  front  reflects  heat  into 
he  shelter. 

Mount  Baker,  10,827  feet  high,  lies  far  to  the  westward  and  entirely  detached 
10m  the  main  Cascade  Range.  This  beautiful  mountain,  surrounded  by  mam- 
moth glaciers  which  resemble  the  frozen  tentacles  of  a mighty  octopus,  and  by 
ar-flung  ice  fields,  crashing  waterfalls,  towering  pinnacles,  and  awe-inspiring 
istas,  is  situated  within  30  miles  of  tidewater  and  the  Pacific  Highway. 

Adjacent  to  the  mountain  on  the  north,  at  an  elevation  of  7,000  feet,  are 
kyline  Meadows.  These  may  be  reached  from  Bellingham  within  a half  day, 


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the  trip  being  by  automobile,  except  the  last  5 miles,  which  is  over  a first-class 
trail.  These  meadows  comprise  hundreds  of  acres  of  open  land,  which  may  be 
traveled  with  ease.  The  dominant  feature  of  the  landscape  is  the  massive  form 
of  Mount  Baker,  which  glistens  and  towers  beyond  an  undulating  vista  dotted 
by  alpine  firs  standing  as  sentinels  amid  the  green  mountain  meadows. 

The  town  of  Glacier,  which  lies  just  inside  the  Forest,  is  accessible  by  auto- 
mobile. From  this  point  the  survey  of  the  Glacier- Austin  Pass  section  of  the 
Mount  Baker  Highway  has  been  completed.  This  road  follows  the  North  Fork 
of  the  Nooksack  River  and  ascends  Bagley  Creek  into  Austin  Pass,  which  lies 
midway  between  Mount  Baker  and  Mount  Shuksan,  and  is  the  center  of  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  mountain-meadow  regions  in  the  northwestern  part  of 
Washington.  From  Shuksan,  at  the  base  of  Austin  Pass,  this  road  will  render 
many  points  of  interest  easily  accessible  by  trail.  Among  these  high  spots  in  the 
heart  of  the  mountains — splendid  camping  places  and  commanding  a view  of 
extensive  stretches  of  country — are  Twin  Bakes,  Hannegan  Pass,  and  Welcome 
Pass.  Mount  Shuksan,  which  may  be  climbed  from  Austin  Pass,  is  a peak  of 
unusual  picturesqueness.  Table  Mountain,  on  the  other  side,  is  a striking  forma- 
tion, and  beyond  it  lie  the  Chain  Bakes,  at  the  head  of  Wells  Creek. 

A trail  leads  from  Glacier  to  Heliotrope  Ridge,  a distance  of  10  miles.  Bike 
a valiant  warrior,  this  slender  ridge  has  thrust  its  verdant  crest  deep  into  the 
armor  of  ice  which  incrusts  the  slopes  of  Mount  Baker.  On  both  left  and  right 

Glaciers  are  winding 
Crushing  and  grinding 
Hurling  their  tribute 

From  dome  to  the  sea.  1 

The  tree-flecked  slope  is  covered  by  a luxuriant  growth  of  mountain  heliotrope. 
A shelter  camp  which  will  accommodate  from  6 to  10  people  has  been  erected 
upon  the  summit  of  the  ridge. 

Deming  is  the  nearest  outfitting  point  to  Mazama  Park,  another  beautiful  * 
camping  spot  adjacent  to  Mount  Baker  on  the  south.  The  distance  is  24  miles — \ 
13  by  automobile  and  11  by  trail.  From  Mazama  Park  the  mountain  can  be 
ascended  without  great  difficulty.  There  is  splendid  fishing  in  Elbow  Bake  and  i 
the  South  Fork  of  the  Nooksack,  easily  accessible  from  Mazama  Park. 


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Down  Hannegan  Pass 

BAKER  RIVER  AND  LAKE 


Baker  River  empties  into  Skagit  River  near  the  town  of  Concrete.  Baker 
Lake  is  18  miles  from  Concrete,  and  is  reached  by  trail  on  the  east  side  of  the 
river.  For  trips  to  the  lake  or  other  points  in  this  region,  saddle  and  pack  animals 
:an  be  secured  in  Concrete,  also  packers  and  guides.  The  trail  passes  splendid 
:amping  grounds,  where  water  and  fuel  are  abundant.  Baker  Lake  itself  is  about 
y2  miles  long  by  i mile  wide,  with  ideal  camping  places  along  the  lakeside.  Mount 
Baker,  with  its  eternally  snow-covered  dome,  and  Mount  Shuksan  may  be  seen 
In  the  wonderful  lake  reflections,  thought  by  many  to  be  equal  to  any  in  the  world. 
Baker  Lake  is  the  only  known  spawning  ground  of  the  sockeye  salmon  in  the 
Jnited  States.  A Federal  fish  hatchery  is  located  here. 


CASCADE  RIVER-CASCADE  PASS 

Cascade  River,  entering  the  Skagit  near  Marblemount,  is  a beautiful  glacier- 
sd  stream.  It  traverses  fine  river  bottoms  where  there  are  splendid  camping 
laces,  and  runs  through  canyons  with  excellent  waterfalls  and  rapids.  Fishing 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Forty- 

Six 


is  good  for  Dolly  Varden,  rainbow,  and  steelhead  trout  in  season.  Salmon  are 
taken  nearly  every  month  of  the  year  near  the  foot  of  the  first  falls,  8 miles 
from  Marblemount.  Marblemount,  io  miles  by  automobile  from  Rockport,  the 
railroad  terminus,  is  the  logical  outfitting  point  for  a trip  to  the  Cascade  River 
watershed.  At  Marblemount  are  two  hotels,  a store,  and  a post  office.  Guides 
and  packers  will  furnish  saddle  or  pack  animals  for  large  or  small  parties. 

Cascade  Pass,  at  the  head  of  the  river,  25  miles  from  Marblemount,  is  a 
beautiful  flower-covered  park,  where  fascinating  camping  spots  are  numerous. 
Although  it  is  not  considered  a particularly  good  hunting  country,  game  is  present 
at  all  times.  Mountain  goat  are  found  on  the  highest  elevations  of  the  surrounding 
mountains.  Through  Cascade  Pass  the  trip  may  be  continued  to  Take  Chelan. 

Mineral  Park,  an  abandoned  mining  camp  18  miles  from  Marblemount,  has 
still  an  interest  for  the  tourist,  although  25  years  have  elapsed  since  the  silence 
of  the  hills  was  broken  by  the  sound  of  the  miners’  pick  and  shovel.  Here  are 
sluice  boxes,  gold  pans,  and  decaying  and  crumbling  prospectors’  cabins,  mute 
witnesses  of  their  owners’  blasted  hopes  of  great  wealth.  The  trail  which  runs 
on  the  north  side  of  the  river  and  up  the  north  fork  is  well  posted  with  signboards, 
as  are  also  all  cross  and  branch  trails,  so  the  traveler  may  not  get  lost.  A telephone 
line  follows  the  trail  as  far  as  Mineral  Park,  and  may  be  used  by  tourists  in  case 
of  need. 

SUIATTLE  RIVER 

Sauk  is  the  railroad  point  from  which  to  start  this  trip.  A wagon  road  leads 
to  Sauk  Crossing,  where  one  must  ford  his  saddle  or  pack  animals  to  the  east  bank 
of  the  Sauk  River  in  order  to  take  the  trail  leading  up  the  Suiattle  River  proper. 
The  horses  and  ponies  must  swim  and  the  travelers  cross  in  an  Indian  canoe.  This 
ford  is  dangerous  at  all  times  to  those  unacquainted  with  it,  and  should  not  be 
attempted  unless  there  is  an  experienced  white  man  or  Indian  present.  Once 
across  the  river,  there  is  an  excellent  trail  leading  to  the  Suiattle  Pass,  48  miles 
from  Sauk,  where  one  may  leave  the  Washington  and  enter  the  Chelan  National  ; 
Forest. 

The  Suiattle  River  is  a poor  trout  stream  except  to  the  bait  fisherman.. 
However,  its  tributaries  are  teeming  with  game  fish,  where  the  man  who  must  ; 
make  his  catch  with  a fly  or  not  at  all  may  have  glorious  sport.  Good  fishing 


Skagit  River  bridge — Washington  National  Forest 


Forty - 
Seoen 


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In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Forty- 

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streams  are  Big  Creek,  15  miles  from  Sauk;  Tenas  Creek,  18  miles;  Buck  Creek, 
25  miles;  Downey  Creek,  33  miles;  Sulphur  Creek,  35  miles;  and  Canyon  Creek, 
41  miles.  Milk  Creek,  which  flows  into  the  Suiattle  from  the  south,  off  the  slopes 
of  Glacier  Peak,  is  a “white  water”  stream  and  worthless  for  fishing. 

The  Suiattle  River  Indian  tribe,  whose  ancestors  have  hunted  and  fished  on 
the  watershed  for  untold  generations,  add  to  the  interest  of  this  trip.  They  are 
pure-blooded  Indians,  uncontaminated  to  any  extent  by  association  with  white 
men,  and  furnish  a splendid  opportunity  for  a study  of  the  barbarian  in  his  native 
haunts.  The  Suiattle  River  Indian  will  not  disturb  your  camp  or  steal  anything, 
no  matter  how  long  you  may  be  absent.  However,  the  camper  must  watch  the 
Indian  dogs  and  place  everything  edible  out  of  reach.  Otherwise  something  good 
to  eat  may  be  stolen  right  before  his  eyes. 

One  may  obtain  a fish  basket  of  any  size  or  design,  woven  by  one  of  the  squaws. 
These  Indian  fish  baskets  can  not  be  excelled  in  appearance  or  durability  by  any 
found  in  sporting-goods  stores. 

For  the  nature  lover  the  headwaters  of  Suiattle  River  offer  some  very  beau- 
tiful scenes.  Glacier  Peak,  with  its  shining  crown  of  ice,  is  justly  noted  for  its 
beauty.  The  meadows  and  parks  of  Huckleberry  Mountain  are  easily  reached  by 
horse  trail  and  offer  some  of  the  finest  camping  places  in  the  State.  Ten  days  to 
three  weeks  are  not  too  long  to  spend  on  this  trip.  Three  days  are  required  to  go 
to  the  headwaters  of  the  Suiattle  from  Sauk,  and  tourists  should  make  several  side1 
trips  of  a day  each  before  returning.  Fuel  and  water  are  abundant  and  handy, : 
and  grass  and  pasturage  for  ponies  are  plentiful.  A telephone  line  extends  as  far 
as  the  Suiattle  Ranger  Station,  just  above  Buck  Creek. 

ILLABOT  CREEK  AND  LAKE 

Rockport  is  the  logical  starting  point.  One  can  go  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the 
creek  by  saddle  horse  or  automobile.  Packers,  guides,  and  horses  are  available  at 
Rockport.  Fresh  vegetables,  milk,  butter,  and  eggs  may  be  obtained  from  farm-, 
houses  near  the  mouth  of  the  creek. 

If  a short  camping  or  fishing  trip  is  desired,  Illabot  Creek  is  one  of  the  best 
situated  and  most  accessible  places  on  the  Washington  National  Forest.  There 
are  fine  camping  spots  near  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  which  enters  the  Skagit  from 


w'"'  Open  The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


the  south,  about  6 miles  from  Rockport.  It  also  lends  itself  to  long  outings,  since 
a trail  leads  10  miles  up  the  creek  to  Illabot  Lake,  where  fishing  is  excellent. 

The  camp  grounds  at  the  lake  are  specially  attractive  in  their  setting  of  lofty 
snow-clad  mountains  and  beautiful  glaciers.  All  kinds  of  salmon  and  salt-water 
trout  enter  Illabot  Creek  to  spawn,  and  a branch  of  the  United  States  fish  hatchery 
system  of  spawning  sheds  has  been  built  at  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  where  steelhead 
trout  and  salmon  are  caught  to  supply  other  hatcheries  with  eggs.  It  is  an  inter- 
esting sight  to  see  the  fish  trapped  and  taken  care  of  until  they  are  ripe  for 
spawning. 

In  the  upper  Skagit  region  Cedar  Bar,  Deer  Park,  and  Ruby  Creek  offer  excel- 
ent  camping  places  from  which  attractive  side  trips  may  be  taken.  Good  horse 
:rails  will  be  found  nearly  everywhere  one  wishes  to  go,  and  telephone  lines  are 
available  m many  parts  of  the  Forest. 

The  Forest  Supervisor’s  headquarters  is  in  the  Federal  Building,  Bellingham 
gangers  are  stationed  at  Darrington,  Marblemount,  Concrete,  and  Glacier 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington  Fifty 

WENAHA  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  Wenaha  National  Forest  occupies  the  most  northerly  spur  of  the  Blue 
Mountains,  which  forms  the  divide  between  Grande  Ronde  River  on  the 
east  and  Walla  Walla,  Touchet,  and  Umatilla  Rivers  on  the  west.  The 
main  divide  runs  in  a northeasterly  and  southwesterly  direction,  and  can  be 
traveled  on  horseback  for  its  entire  length,  approximately  130  miles.  Camping 
places,  where  good  water  and  horse  feed  can  be  found,  are  numerous. 

The  elevations  vary  from  4,500  feet  to  6,500  feet.  The  higher  peaks  are  not 
abrupt,  but  mound-shaped  and  with  more  or  less  of  a plateau  on  top.  The  highest 
of  these  is  Oregon  Buttes,  6,500  feet,  with  Mount  Misery,  50  feet  lower,  a close 
second,  and  Mount  Emily,  6,130  feet,  third.  The  larger  portion  of  the  Forest  is 
but  lightly  timbered.  The  south  and  east  slopes  are  invariably  open  and  covered 
with  good  stands  of  bunchgrass.  The  country  is  rather  rugged,  the  ridges  steep, 
and  the  canyons  deep  and  narrow. 

The  gently-rolling  cultivated  hills  surrounding  the  Forest  form  one  of  the 
best  grain-growing  sections  of  the  Northwest.  These  grain  fields,  with  their  check- 
erboard effect,  are  a pleasing  sight  when  viewed  from  the  higher  elevations  of  the 
main  divide. 

The  Forest  is  traversed  by  140  miles  of  road  passable  by  automobiles  and  568 
miles  of  primary  and  secondary  trails,  which  make  every  part  of  the  Forest  acces- 
sible for  horseback  trips. 

Mule  deer,  black  bear,  brown  bear,  cats,  coyotes,  blue  grouse,  and  pheasants 
are  plentiful.  Fishing  is  good  in  the  numerous  streams.  Hunting  and  fishing  are 
prohibited  in  approximately  two  townships  of  the  northern  portion  of  the  Forest, 
which  have  been  set  aside  as  a county  game  preserve.  Mule  deer,  elk,  blue  grouse/ 
and  pheasants  are  plentiful  in  this  preserve.  The  deer  and  grouse  scatter  over 
the  surrounding  country,  consequently  good  hunting  can  be  had  there  during  the 
open  season.  A herd  of  approximately  240  elk  ranges  in  this  vicinity.  Protected 
by  the  law  at  all  times,  they  are  very  tame.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  meet  from  ioj 
to  50  of  them,  and  camera  hunters  are  often  able  to  secure  pictures  of  bands  of 
these  splendid  animals. 

The  Forest  is  accessible  from  the  following  railroad  points  on  the  Oregon- 
Washington  Railway  & Navigation  Co.’s  line:  Asotin,  Clarkston,  Dayton,  Pome- 


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The  camera  hunter  takes  a shot 

roy,  and  Walla  Walla,  Wash.;  and  Pendleton,  La  Grande,  Elgin,  and  Wallowa, 
Dreg.  These  places  are  also  outfitting  points,  where  supplies  and  pack  outfits  may 
be  obtained. 

Tollgate  is  a popular  summer  camping  place.  It  is  located  on  the  divide  and 
reached  by  the  Woodward  toll  road.  This  road  is  the  only  one  that  crosses  the 
'orest,  and  is  the  principal  highway  between  Walla  Walla  and  towns  located  in 

he  Grande  Ronde  Valley.  It  is  a fair  automobile  road  and  can  be  used  during 
[he  summer  months. 

Godman  Springs  is  another  camping  place  accessible  by  automobiles.  It 
ids  fair  to  become  one  of  the  most  popular  camp  grounds  on  the  Forest.  It  can 
e reached  from  Dayton,  Wash.,  in  an  hour.  It  is  expected  that  by  1921  a 
[°re  direct  route  from  Walla  Walla  will  be  completed,  making  Godman  Springs 
ecessible  from  the  southwest.  An  automobile  road  along  the  summit  of  the 
lue  Mountains  is  now  under  construction.  This  will  extend  from  Godman  Springs 
mth  to  Tollgate,  on  the  old  Woodward  toll  road,  a distance  of  over  40  miles. 


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Bingham  Hot  Springs,  32  miles  east  of  Pendleton,  Oreg.,  on  the  Umatilla 
River,  is  easily  reached  by  automobile  from  Walla  Walla  or  Pendleton.  The 
resort  has  hotel,  dance  hall,  swimming  tank,  summer  cottages,  and  camping 
grounds.  Good  fishing  can  be  had  near  by  on  the  Umatilla  River  and  its  tributa- 
ries. Bingham  Hot  Springs  is  7 miles  west  of  Gibbon,  on  the  main  line  of  the 
Oregon-Washington  Railway  & Navigation  Co.  An  automobile  stage  meets  the 
trains  during  the  summer  season. 

The  Wenaha  River  and  its  tributaries  offer  some  of  the  best  hunting  and 
fishing  on  the  Forest.  Rainbow  and  Dolly  Varden  trout  are  plentiful  at  certain 
seasons.  The  best  fishing  is  found  at  the  most  inaccessible  places.  Fishing  and 
hunting  parties  can  pack  out  of  Troy,  a small  village  with  a hotel  and  store  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wenaha  River.  There  is  a good  trail  up  the  river  and  fair  trails  lead 
up  its  tributaries.  Troy  may  be  reached  from  Asotin,  Wash.,  by  a 50-mile  drive, 
or  from  Wallowa,  Oreg.,  by  an  automobile  stage  that  leaves  Wallowa  Mondays, 
Wednesdays,  and  Fridays  for  Troy,  returning  the  following  day.  The  distance 
between  Wallowa  and  Troy  is  37  miles. 

Asotin  Creek,  accessible  by  automobile  from  Asotin  and  Clarkston,  is  the 
favorite  fishing  stream.  A road  passable  for  motor  cars  extends  about  12  miles 
up  Asotin  Creek  to  a pack  trail  about  8 miles  beyond  the  road. 

Tucannon  River  may  be  reached  from  Pomeroy  or  Starbuck  by  automobile 
and  offers  excellent  fishing.  There  are  numerous  camp  grounds  along  its  banks. 

The  upper  Touchet  River  can  best  be  reached  by  automobile  from  Dayton, 
through  which  it  flows.  Passable  roads  extend  some  distance  up  its  tributaries. 

Mill  Creek  and  Walla  Walla  River  are  the  streams  nearest  Walla  Walla.  Roads 
along  these  streams  extend  nearly  to  the  Forest  boundary.  The  best  fishing, 
however,  is  beyond  the  end  of  the  roads  and  is  reached  only  by  horse  or  afoot. 

Meacham  Creek,  along  the  main  line  of  the  Oregon-Washington  Railway  & 
Navigation  Co.,  between  Pendleton  and  La  Grande,  offers  excellent  fishing  early 
in  the  summer.  All  the  streams  are  stocked  annually  with  fry  furnished  by  State; 
hatcheries. 

The  Forest  Supervisor’s  headquarters  is  in  the  Federal  Building,  Pendleton, 
Oreg.  Rangers’  headquarters  are  at  Dayton,  Pomeroy,  and  Walla  Walla,  Wash., 
and  Ua  Grande,  Oreg. 


Thuc  In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 

WENATCHEE  NATIONAL  FOREST 

THE  Wenatchee  National  Forest  includes  the  mountainous  portion  of  the  water- 
sheds of  the  Wenatchee,  Entiat,  Teanaway,  Cle  Blum,  Kachess,  and  Upper 
Yakima  Rivers,  and  Naneum  and  Swauk  Creeks.  It  is  roughly  70  miles  long 
and  50  miles  wide,  extending  from  the  summit  of  the  Cascade  Mountains  to  the 
breaks  of  the  Columbia  River,  and  from  Glacier  Peak  to  the  Yakima  River. 

Water  derived  from  the  streams  of  this  Forest  irrigates  about  half  a million 
acres  of  land  in  the  Wenatchee,  Kittitas,  and  Yakima  Valleys. 

The  whole  Wenatchee  Forest  is  a great  playground  for  the  use  of  the  people, 
with  excellent  hunting,  fishing,  and  camping,  and  quiet  resting  places.  Its  lakes 
and  streams,  its  quiet  glens  and  sheltered  nooks,  its  glaciers  and  meadows,  its 
deep  canyons  and  rugged  peaks,  offer  the  widest  variety  from  which  to  choose  a 
summer  outing. 

Within  its  boundaries  are  four  large  lakes— Wenatchee,  Keechelus,  Kachess, 
and  Cle  Slum  and  hundreds  of  smaller  ones,  offering  many  opportunities  for 
summer  home  sites  and  other  recreation  uses. 

Mount  Stuart,  9,470  feet  in  elevation,  is  the  highest  point  within  the  boundaries 
of  the  Forest.  Glacier  Peak,  10,436  feet  high,  just  outside  its  northern  end,  is 
most  easily  reached  through  this  forest  from  Leavenworth. 

Three  transcontinental  railroads— the  Great  Northern,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
3t.  Paul,  and  Northern  Pacific— cross  the  forest.  The  Sunset  Highway  and  Blewett 
Pass  road  furnish  a beautiful  automobile  trip  through  it.  Many  other  roads  passable 
oy  automobile  penetrate  far  into  the  heart  of  the  forest,  up  the  glacial  valleys  of 
:he  various  streams,  and  to  attractive  camping  places  and  summer-home  sites. 

The  Government  is  spending  thousands  of  dollars  in  this  locality  each  year  to 
orotect  the  timber  and  other  resources  of  this  forest.  It  is  public  property  which 
he  Forest  Service  holds  in  trust.  All  are  free  to  use  the  camping  places,  and  are 
velcome  to  wood  needed  for  camp  fires,  grass  for  horses,  and  to  fish  in  the  streams 
md  hunt  in  the  mountains  in  accordance  with  the  game  laws  of  the  State.  The 
orest  Service  trails  are  open  for  your  use.  Its  telephone  lines  may  be  used  in  case 
>f  sickness,  accident,  or  other  emergency.  You  can  help  the  Forest  Service  by 
ising  them  to  report  fires  or  other  danger  to  the  nearest  ranger  or  to  the  supervisor, 
idiose  office  is  at  Wenatchee,  Wash. 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 

The  new  road  over  Blewett  Pass,  which  is  nearing  completion,  has  a maximum 
grade  of  5 per  cent  and  furnishes  one  of  the  most  attractive  and  beautiful  drives 
in  the  Northwest.  This  is  a Forest  road,  built  in  cooperation  by  the  Forest  Service, 
the  State  of  Washington,  and  Chelan  and  Kittitas  Counties.  An  automobile 
tourist  can  easily  make  the  trip  from  Seattle  to  Wenatchee  by  way  of  Snoqualmie 
and  Blewett  Passes  in  12  hours.  A fairly  well-developed  system  of  trails  gives 
access  to  all  parts  of  the  Forest,  so  that  foot  or  pack-horse  trips  may  be  taken  in 
any  direction. 

Icicle  Creek,  which  enters  the  Wenatchee  River  at  Feavenworth,  is  a splended 
trout  stream,  with  a Forest  Service  trail  extending  from  its  mouth  to  its  head. 
The  Chiwawa  River,  another  fine  trout  stream,  is  accessible  by  automobile  from 
Feavenworth  over  a road  which  extends  to  its  headwaters. 

Tourists  who  enjoy  wide  vistas  from  the  high  points  should  visit  some  of  the 
fire  lookout  stations  which  are  accessible  by  trail.  Tumwater  Mountain,  4^  miles 
north  of  Feavenworth,  is  reached  most  easily.  Other  lookout  points  on  the 
Wenatchee  are  Dirtyface  Peak,  at  Fake  Wenatchee;  Sugar  Foaf  Peak,  at  the 
summit  of  the  Entiat  Range;  Tiptop,  near  the  old  mining  town  of  Blewett;  Redtop, 
on  the  Teanaway  Ridge;  Jolly  Mountain,  on  the  divide  between  the  Middle  Fork 
Teanaway  and  Cle  Elurn  Valleys;  and  Mount  Margaret,  on  the  high  ridge  between 
Fakes  Keechelus  and  Kachess. 

Fake  Keechelus  is  skirted  from  end  to  end  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St. 
Paul  Railway  on  its  west  side  and  the  Sunset  Highway  on  its  east  side.  Here 
are  good  fishing  and  hunting  in  season,  beautiful  camping  places,  and  sites  for 
summer  homes.  At  Keechelus  Inn  and  Sunset  Tavern,  each  operating  under  a 
special-use  permit,  good  meals  and  beds  may  be  obtained  by  tourists;  also  repairs > 
and  supplies  for  automobiles.  Huckleberries  may  be  secured  by  climbing  to  the 
upper  ridges.  Fake  Kachess  has  a hotel  at  its  upper  end,  reached  by  a short  road 
built  in  from  the  Sunset  Highway. 

A good  automobile  road  extends  from  Cle  Elum,  through  Roslyn,  to  Fake' 
Cle  Elum  and  on  up  the  Cle  Elum  Valley  to  Salmon  Fasac.  From  here  Copper' 
and  Waptus  Fakes  may  be  reached  on  foot  or  horseback.  These  afford  very  fine  < 
sport,  and  the  scenery  about  them  is  alone  worth  the  trip.  Fish  and  Hyas  Fakes, 1 


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Forest  and  stream 


at  the  head  of  the  main  fork  of  the  Cle  Elum  River,  are  now  closed  to  fishing  under 
the  State  laws. 

Another  good  automobile  road  extends  from  Leavenworth  to  Lake  Wenatchee 
;3o  nules.  Here  there  is  a choice  of  two  hotels  or  camping.  A number  of  Cash- 
mere and  Wenatchee  people  have  erected  cottages  at  Lake  Wenatchee,  and  a 
summer  colony  is  developing.  Horse  feed  can  be  secured  from  farmers;  and  milk, 
and  freSh  ve2etables  can  usually  be  obtained  during  the  recreation  season 
V fine  soda  spring,  8 miles  up  the  Little  Wenatchee  River,  above  the  head  of  the 
ake,  is  accessible  by  a trail  which  continues  on  to  the  head  of  the  river,  at  Cady 
'ass.  The  fishing  along  this  stream  is  good,  and  berries  are  plentiful. 

The  Forest  Service  has  laid  out  lots  at  Lake  Kecheelus,  Lake  Kachess,  and 
.le  Elum  Lake  for  summer-home  sites.  These  lots  are  accessible  by  automobile 
uad  and  railroad,  and  are  near  attractive  recreation  features,  such  as  boatin* 
shing,  swimming,  camping,  and  mountain  climbing.  The  fresh  mountain  air’ 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Fijiy- 

Six 


A mantle  of  timber 


pure  water,  and  healthful  surroundings  are  all  conducive  to  renewed  health  and 
vigor.  Care  with  fire  and  proper  sanitation  are  the  only  restrictions.  Smaller 
tracts  have  been  platted  elsewhere,  and  as  a rule  isolated  areas  may  be  rented  if 
desired. 

The  Rocky  Run  public  camp  ground,  on  the  Sunset  Highway  at  Take  Keeche- 
lus,  is  a popular  stopping  place  for  touring  parties.  Along  the  road  horse  feed 
can  usually  be  found  wherever  night  overtakes  the  traveler,  except  on  the  Tittle, 
Wenatchee,  White,  and  Cle  Klum  Rivers,  where  it  is  necessary  to  go  well  toward 
the  head  of  the  streams  before  grass  is  found  in  abundance. 

The  Silver  Creek  camp  ground,  at  the  end  of  the  road  up  the  Entiat  Valley, 
has  become  very  popular  with  local  people  because  of  its  beauty  and  convenience, 
the  attractiveness  of  the  trip,  and  the  good  fishing  in  its  vicinity.  About  3,000 
people  registered  there  during  1919. 

Headquarters  of  the  Forest  Supervisor  is  Post  Office  Building,  Wenatchee, 
Washington.  Rangers  are  stationed  at  Teavenworth,  Easton,  Tiberty,  Telma, 
and  Chiwaukum. 


TREE  ZONES  OF  WASHINGTON 


Sea  Level 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


b 

L 


OUTFIT  AND  CLOTHING  SUGGESTIONS 

Suit:  Preferably  of  some  strong  material,  such  as  khaki,  whipcord,  or  overall. 

Mackinaw  or  sweater. 

Medium-weight  underwear. 

Socks:  Two  pairs  medium  weight  or  one  pair  heavy. 

Shirt:  Flannel  or  khaki,  light  or  medium  weight. 

Shoes:  Stout,  easy,  with  heavy  soles. 

Boots. 

Beggings:  Canvas  or  leather  if  shoes  are  worn  instead  of  boots. 

Buckskin  gloves. 

Beds:  Air  beds  are  comfortable  where  they  can  be  carried,  since  they  can  be  placed  even 
bare  rocks. 

Bedding:  The  most  serviceable  is  a quilt  of  eiderdown  or  wool  with  an  extra  covering  of  deni 
The  quilt  can  be  sewed  or  pinned  with  blanket  pins  along  the  bottom  to  form  a sleeping  bag. 
blankets  are  chosen  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  two  light  ones  are  warmer  than  a single  hea 
one. 

A 7 by  7 foot,  io-ounce  canvas,  when  folded,  will  make  a ground  cloth  and  an  extra  cov 
and  is  also  useful  as  a pack  cover.  The  Army  “ shelter  half  ’ ’ is  preferred  by  some. 

FOOD  SUPPLIES 

The  following  list  prepared  in  the  Forest  Service  may  be  used  as  a guide 
purchasing  food  supplies.  The  weights  listed  are  for  one  man  for  one  day.  T1 
amounts  for  a party  for  any  length  of  time  can  easily  be  computed. 

All  weights  are  net  (i.  e.,  weight  of  contents  exclusive  of  containers) : 

Combination  Ration  List — One  Man  One  Day 


Balanced  ration,  one  man  one 
day. 


Quantity. 


Weight  in 
pounds. 


Beef,  fresh 


i.  25 


Equivalent  substitutes. 

Quantity. 

Weight 

pounds 

Mutton  or  pork,  fresh,  or 
venison. 

Bacon 

I-2S 

.6 

Ham 

. 8 

Canned  meat 

I.  o 

Canned  fish 

I.  o ( 

Dried  fish 

i 

. o : 

Eggs 

% doz . . 

y < 
I.  co'. 

^oo 

Fowls  or  game  birds,  dressed. . . 

1.  5°; 

2.  O 

Fresh  fish,  cleaned 

Cheese 

.6 

Peanuts  (with  shells) 

• 7 

Fifty- 

Nine 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Combination  Ration  List— One  Man  One  Day— Continued 


Balanced  ration,  one  man  one 
day. 

Quantity 

Weight  in 
pounds. 

Equivalent  substitutes. 

1 

I Quantity. 

Weight  in 
pounds. 

O.  06 

[Meat,  fresh 

O.  12 

[Sweet  chocolate. . . 

Dried  peas,  lentils,  etc 

• uo 
2 

Beans 

. 2 

Rice  or  hominy 

Baked  beans,  canned. . . 

. 2 

[Bread,  baker’s 

• 5 

T 

Pancake  flour 

-L.  V 

Q 

Elmir 

.8 

Hard -tack  or  pilot  bread 

. O 

- 7 

Crackers 

• 75 

c 

Com  meal 

Macaroni,  spaghetti,  etc 

. o 

taking  powder. 

00 

o 

[Dry  yeast  (for  yeast  bread) 

34  cake. 

• 7 

. 012 

[Soda  (for  sour  dough) 

2 oz 

)at  meal 

f Cream  of  wheat,  com  meal,  etc 

. 012 

• 17 

• 17 

• I5 

[Grape  nuts,  com  flakes,  etc. . . . 

Dried  potatoes  (evaporated) . . . 

’otatoes,  fresh 

.8 

Dried  befnm  r\p^c  pt /-* 

• I5 

ucaiiOj  lCHUlOj  UCao,  clL 

Rice  or  hominy 

. 2 

resh  vegetables  (as- 
sorted) (onions, 
turnips,  beets,  cab- 
bage, etc.). 

Canned  peas  or  com 

34  can . . 
34  can . . 

•31 

•47 

Canned  tomatoes . . . 

•45  ' 

Dried  or  desiccated  vegetables 

Potatoes  (added  to  staple  al- 
lowance). 

Dried  apples 

• 25 

A Cl 

• 4U 

• 15 

• 15 
. 2 

Raisins  or  currants 

•unes  (dried) 

•2S 

Dried  peaches,  figs,  or  apricots . 

Canned  fruit 

34  can . . 

•65 

Jam 

Fresh  fruit 

. 2 

Q 

iffee  (ground,  or  sol-  ] 
'able  coffee). 

Tea 

34  oz ... . 

. O 

• °3 

_ 0 

• *3 

Chocolate  or  cocoa. . 

Lemons 

34  doz . . 

. Oo 

•65 

’ 

In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Si 


Combination  Ration  List — One  Man  One  Day — Continued 


Balanced  ration,  one  man  one 
day. 


Quantity. 


Weight  in 
pounds. 


Equivalent  substitutes. 


Quantity. 


Weight  i 
pounds. 


Sugar  (if  no  dried  fruit 
is  used,  allowance 
may  be  reduced  to 
o.  2 pound). 


Sirup  1. 


Milk  (evaporated). 
Butter 


Lard. 


Salt 

Pepper,  black. 
Pickles  1 


Spices  (cinnamon) 


Flavoring  extract  (va- 
nilla).1 

Cornstarch  1 


Bouillon  cubes 

Total  weight,  5. 2 2 3. 2 


"O'  pt-  • • 


Can,  34 
pt. 


^°Z. 
IT  OZ- 


iV  pt. 


2V  oz-  • 


0.03  oz 


o-35 


08 


33 


!3 


04 

004 

05 


003 


Molasses 

Honey 

Sugar  (white  or  brown) 

Fresh  milk 

Condensed  milk 

Peanut  butter 

Oleomargarine 

Lard  substitutes 

Bacon  grease  (can  be  saved  if 
bacon  is  substituted  for  fresh 
meat). 


T2  pt. 


% pt. 


Red  pepper . 

Vinegar 

Ginger 

Nutmeg 

Cloves 

Mustard 

Lemon 


1 

5“0 

OZ. . . 

1 

■25 

pt... 

1 

2T 

oz. . . 

1 

ZS 

oz. . . 

1 

25 

oz. . . 

Y5 

oz. . . 

0.03  OZ 

Tapioca 

Maggi  soups. . . 
Canned  soups. 


34pkg. 

24  can. 


o.  07 
.08 
• 0=; 


.66 

. 2 

• J3 

• 


. 10 
. 10 


. 00] 
.04 


. 00; 
. OO; 

• 00l 

. OOI 
. 002 


. 02 

• °5 

• 25 


1 Suggestive  rather  than  essential:  their  use  may  be  governed  largely  by  individual  taste,  size  of  party,  and  duratic 
of  trip. 

2 A much  lighter  ration  can  be  made  up  by  substituting  the  more  concentrated  foods  within  each  class.  As  a rui 
rations  made  up  entirely  of  the  most  concentrated  foods  should  be  avoided. 

Suggested  accessories  are  soap,  dish  towels,  hand  towels,  matches,  candles,  paper  bags  for  lunches,  and  cloth  ba 
for  sugar,  rice,  beans,  etc. 


Sixty- 

One 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


The  following  table  has  been  prepared  by  the  Forest  Service  and  will  serve 
as  a handy  reference  and  guide  for  campers.  The  needs  of  two,  four,  six,  or  eight 
Dersons  are  separately  provided  for. 

Column  A indicates  a complete  equipment,  all  that  would  be  considered  neces- 
sary and  convenient  for  a stay  of  a month  or  more;  or  in  case  transportation  is 
lot  restricted  as  to  weight. 

Column  B indicates  an  average  equipment  which  will  serve  the  purpose  very 
landily  for  a week  or  io  days,  and  will  do  for  a longer  stay.  It  is  suitable  for  a pack- 
lorse  trip. 

Column  C indicates  a minimum  equipment,  one  that  is  really  insufficient  to 
neet  the  ordinary  needs  of  a camping  party,  but  which  will  suffice  for  a short  stay 
nd  very  simple  cooking.  It  is  such  an  outfit  as  a party  of  practical  woodsmen 
light  take  and  get  along  with  in  case  the  packing  facilities  were  very  limited  as 
3 weight,  such  as  a man-pack  trip. 


Cooking  and  Muss  Equipment  for  Various-Sized  Camps  Under  Varying  Conditions 


Item. 


For  2 men.  For  4 : 


Col.  Col. 
A.  B. 


Col. 

C. 


Cooking  Equipment. 
x>king  pails : 1 

2 - quart 

3 - quart 

4- quart 

5- quart 

6- quart 

7 - quart 

8- quart 

9- quart 

10- quart 

1 2 -quart 

14-quart 

ying  pan2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  No.  2 (9-inch  diameter). 

1 It  is  desirable  to  have  pails  of  nesting  sizes.  At  least  one  medium-sized  pail  of  enamel  or  aluminum 

substituted  for  p 
are  more  convenient  for  packing. 


Col. 

A. 


Col. 

B. 


Col. 

C. 


For  6 men. 


Col. 

A. 


Col.  Col. 
B.  C. 


For  8: 


Col. 

A. 


Col. 

B. 


Col. 

C. 


ided  for  cooking  fruits.  Stew  kettles  with  bails  may  be  substituted  for  pails,  but  usually  do  not  n^STOnvenienX" 
2 Frying  pans  with  detachable  handles  p • -•  enuy* 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Six 

T 


Cooking  and  Mess  Equipment  for  Various-Sized  Camps  Under  Varying  Conditions— Coi 


Item. 

For  2 men. 

For  4 men. 

For  6 men. 

For  8 men. 

Col. 

A. 

Col. 
| B. 

Col. 

C. 

Col. 

A. 

Col. 

B. 

Col. 

c. 

Col. 

A. 

Col. 

B. 

Col. 

C. 

Col. 

A. 

Col. 

B. 

Co 

c 

Cooking  Equipment — Continued. 

Frying  pan1  No.  5 (11-inch  diameter). . . . 

2 

2 

2 

Frying  pan1  No.  6 (12-inch  diameter). . . . 

2 

2 

■2 

I 

Frying  pan1  No.  7 (ig-inch  diameter). . . . 

2 

2 

Extra  fry  pan,  reflector,  Dutch  oven,  or 

stove2 

I 

x 

I 

I 

I 

I 

Coffee  pot,3  2^  quarts 

I 

I 

Coffee  pot,3  3 quarts 

I 

I 

Coffee  pot,3  5 quarts 

I 

I 

Coffee  pot,3  6 quarts 

1 

I 

Butcher  knives  4 

I 

I 

I 

I 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

Paring  knives  4 

I 

I 

I 

I 

1 

I 

I 

1 

1 

I 

Stirring  spoons 

I 

I 

2 

2 

1 

2 

I 

1 

2 

2 

Meat  fork 

I 

I 

I 

1 

I 

Can  opener  4 

I 

I 

I 

I 

1 

I 

I 

1 

1 

I 

Dish  pan  (use  milk  pans  for  small  parties) . 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

1 

I 

Wash  basin5 

I 

I 

I 

I 

2 

I 

2 

I 

Mixing  pan 

I 

I 

X 

I 

I 

i 

I 

Bread  board6 

I 

I 

I 

1 

j 

Rolling  pin7 

I 

I 

1 

Egg  beater 

I 

1 

Pancake  turner 

I 

I 

1 

Mess  Equipment. 

Plates 

6 

4 

2 

8 

7 

6 

12 

IO 

8 

12 

12  i 

1 

Cups 

4 

3 

2 

6 

5 

5 

8 

8 

7 

IO 

10  1 

Saucers 

3 

5 

8 

IO 

2 I i 

1 Frying  pan,  with  detachable  handles  are  more  convenient  for  packing. 

2 The  choice  of  an  extra  fry  pan,  reflector,  Dutch  oven,  or  stove  for  baking  can  best  be  made  by  the  camper.  If  refle 
tor  or  stove  is  to  be  used,  bread  pans  of  proper  dimensions  must  be  added  to  the  list. 

3 Pails  of  similar  size  are  frequently  a desirable  substitute,  as  they  will  usually  nest  better  with  the  rest  of  the  outfi, 

4 A jackknife  may  cover  all  needs. 

5 A pudding  pan  is  a possible  substitute  and  nests  better. 

6 Canvas  tacked  onto  box  siding  or  shakes  makes  a fair  substitute  and  may  save  from  6 to  8 pounds  in  weight. 

7 A pint  or  quart  bottle  makes  an  excellent  substitute. 


Sixty- 

Three 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Cooking  and  Mess  Equipment  for  Various-Sized  Camps  Under  Varying  Conditions Con. 


For  2 men. 

For  4 men. 

For  6 men. 

For  8 men. 

Item. 

I 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

c. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

Mess  Equipment — Continued. 

Bowls 

P* 

Q 

0 

Knives 

O 

4 

3 

2 

5 

7 

6 

5 

O 

9 

8 

7 

IO 

12 

0 

IO 

9 

Forks 

3 

3 

2 

5 

5 

4 

8 

7 

6 

IO 

IO 

9 

Spoons,  tea 

c 

Spoons,  dessert 

O 

2 

2 

2 

5 

6 

6 

5 

7 

8 

8 

7 

IO 

IO 

8 

IO 

IO 

Spoons,  table 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

3 

3 

1 

4 

2 

1 

Pans  (serving  dishes),  2 quarts *. 

2 

2 

I 

1 

1 

I 

2 

x 

x 

Pans  (serving  dishes),  3 quarts 

I 

2 

Pans  (serving  dishes),  4 quarts 

I 

2 

2 

3 

2 

3 

3 

2 

Pitchers,  milk 

I 

I 

4 

3 

2 

Pitchers,  sirup 

x 

I 

I 

Salt  and  pepper  shakers 

1 

j 

I 

Approximate  weight,1  pounds 

20 

!3§ 

7 1 

35 

21 

*3 

I 

43 

I 

34 

19  h 

2 

62 

2 

46 

30 

* Weights  figured  on  basis  of  using  ‘ ‘ extra  fry  pan  ’ ’ instead  of  reflector  or  stove  and  using  moderately  heavy  tin  for  all 
containers  except  one  medium-sized  pail  and  from  one  to  three  pans  in  enamel  ware.  Total  weight  would  be  increased 
about  one-fourth  by  using  all  enamel  ware;  by  using  aluminum,  it  may  be  reduced  about  one-third 

Accessories  which  may  be  added  are:  Wire,  or  light  chains  with  hooks  for  hanging  pots;  oilcloth  for  table;  * canvas 
water  bucket  (weight  K to  i pound). 

MisceHaneous  camp  equipment  to  be  selected  according  to  needs:  Shovel,  ax  or  hatchet,  assorted  nails,  lantern  can- 
teens,  6-inch  files,  whetstone,  rope,  twine. 


CAMP  COOKERY 

COOKING  FIRE  FOR  A SMALL  CAMP1 

There  are  many  ways  of  building  the  cooking  fire.  The  essential  in  each  case, 
lowever,  is  a good  permanent  draft;  but  do  not  build  the  fire  against  a log  or  a tree 
rr  in  a place  where  it  may  spread.  The  draft  may  be  secured  best  by  the  method 
rsually  employed  in  sheep  camps.  The  site  is  chosen  and  an  excavation  is  made, 
he  soil  being  removed  to  a depth  of  12  inches,  or  approximately  the  depth  of  the 
.hovel  The  hole  thus  made  should  be  at  least  3 or  4 feet  in  width.  The  side 

J™tar^i0Co.fe« ' SU'eeSti°nS  °n  C0°kin<!  and  of  the  redpes is  tak“ Bulletin  ,6,  "Camp  Cookery.-Vu,^^ 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Sixty- 
Fowl 

exposed  to  the  prevailing  wind  is  then  shoveled  away,  allowing  the  free  entrance! 
of  air.  This  opening  is  the  front  of  the  cooking  fire.  The  air  going  in  passes  along! 
the  side  walls  to  the  rear  and  thence  upward,  thus  perfecting  the  draft.  Select 
two  green  poles  of  sufficient  length  to  extend  over  the  ends  of  the  hole  (4  to  6 inches 
in  diameter),  one  to  serve  as  a back  log,  the  other  as  a front  log.  Lay  the  poles 
over  the  hole,  spacing  them  the  proper  distance  to  support  a camp  kettle,  frying 
pan,  or  coffee  pot.  Kindle  the  fire  beneath  and  proceed  with  the  cooking.  The 
poles  can  be  replaced  from  day  to  day  as  they  burn  away. 

When  cooking  frying-pan  bread  by  reflected  heat,  usually  a dry  front  pole  is 
preferred  to  a green  one,  because  the  drier  pole,  being  somewhat  charred,  com- 
bines with  the  hot  coals  beneath  to  produce  a greater  amount  of  reflected  heat. 

Be  sure  to  clear  away  all  dead  twigs,  leaves,  or  other  combustible  material 
for  a distance  of  6 feet  to  the  fresh  mineral  soil. 

CRANE  FOR  CAMP  KETTLE 

In  constructing  a crane  for  camp  kettles  the  height  of  the  pole  should  be 
approximately  shoulder  high.  The  kettles  should  be  suspended  by  pothooks  made 
from  small,  tough  saplings,  trimmed  to  leave  a projecting  fork  to  suspend  the 
kettle  from  the  crane,  and  having  at  the  other  end  a notch  cut  or  small  nail  driven 
in  at  an  angle  to  hold  the  kettle  bail.  No.  9 wire  is  also  good  for  the  purpose. 
The  hook  may  then  be  grasped  at  a sufficient  height  above  the  fire  to  prevent  burn- 
ing the  hands.  By  having  pothooks  of  different  lengths  the  desired  intensity  of 
heat  can  be  secured  by  regulating  the  distance  of  the  pot  from  the  fire. 

DUTCH  OVENS 

In  using  Dutch  ovens,  care  should  be  taken  that  the  oven  and  lid  are  quite  hot 
enough  before  the  dough  is  placed  in  them  for  baking.  During  the  preparations 
for  baking,  the  oven  and  lid  should  be  heated  over  the  fire.  When  a good  mass 
of  coals  has  been  obtained,  the  dough  should  be  placed  in  the  heated  oven  (th£ 
bottom  having  been  greased)  and  the  lid  put  on.  The  oven  should  then  be  em- 
bedded in  the  coals  and  the  lid  covered  with  coals  and  hot  ashes. 

Instead  of  a Dutch  oven  two  pans  may  be  used,  one  large  enough  to  fit  snugl> 
over  the  other  as  a cover.  Plenty  of  ashes  and  earth  should  be  piled  on  top  or  the 
bread  will  burn. 


Sixty- 

Five 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


RECIPES 


CoFFHE.  Bring  water  to  boiling  point;  add  coffee,  one  level  teaspoonful  for 
each  cup  of  water  used,  keep  in  a warm  place  for  five  minutes  but  do  not  allow  to 
boil.  Settle  and  serve.  The  coffee  may  be  put  in  a small  muslin  bag  tied  loosely 
and  the  bag  of  grounds  removed  before  serving. 

Soluble  Coffee. — Put  one-half  teaspoon  (more  or  less,  according  to  strength 
desired)  in  a cup  and  add  boiling  water. 

Army  Bread. — 


i quart  flour, 
i teaspoon  salt. 


i tablespoon  sugar. 

4 teaspoons  baking  powder. 


Mix  the  ingredients  thoroughly  and  stir  in  enough  cold  water  (about  one  and 
Dne-third  pints)  to  make  a thick  batter.  Mix  rapidly  with  a spoon  until  smooth 
md  pour  out  at  once  into  a Dutch  oven  or  baking  pan.  Bake  about  45  minutes. 
>r  until  no  dough  adheres  to  a sliver  stuck  into  the  loaf. 


Frying-Pan  Bread. — 

1 CUP  flour-  1 tablespoon  sugar. 

1 teaspoon  salt.  3 teaspoons  baking  powder. 

Mix  and  add  enough  water  to  make  a thick  dough.  Pour  into  well-greased, 
lot  pan  and  set  flat  near  the  fire.  In  a few  minutes  it  will  rise  and  stiffen.  Prop 
he  pan  nearly  perpendicular  before  the  blaze;  when  brown  one  one  side,  turn  over, 
t clean  silver  fork  stuck  thrpugh  the  center  of  the  loaf  will  come  out  clean  if  the 
read  is  sufficiently  baked. 

Frying.— Rake  a thin  layer  of  coals  out  in  front  of  the  fire;  or  for  a quick  meal 
lake  the  fire  of  small,  dry  sticks  and  fry  over  the  quickly  formed  coals. 

If  a deep  pan  and  plenty  of  frying  fat  are  available,  it  is  best  to  immerse  the 
late  rial  completely  in  boiling  grease  as  doughnuts  are  fried.  Ret  the  fat  heat  until 
ttle  jets  of  smoke  arise  (being  careful  not  to  burn  the  grease),  then  quickly  drop  in 
nail  pieces  of  the  material,  one  at  a time  so  as  not  to  check  the  heat,  turn  them 
icasionally  while  cooking.  Remove  when  done  and  place  on  a coarse  paper  that 
ill  absorb  surplus  fat.  The  above  method  is  an  excellent  way  to  cook  small  fish. 

When  only  shallow  pans  and  little  grease  are  available,  to  fry  (or,  properly,  to 
■ute)  in  this  manner  without  getting  the  article  grease-cooked,  heat  the  dry  pan 
:ry  hot  and  then  add  just  enough  grease  to  keep  the  meat  from  sticking  (fat  meat 


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needs  none).  The  material  should  be  dry  when  put  into  the  pan  or  it  will  abson 
grease.  Cook  quickly  and  turn  frequently.  Season  when  done  and  serve  hot. 

Stewing. — Stewing  is  a very  desirable  way  of  cooking  coarse  and  tough  piec 
of  meat.  Put  the  meat  cut  into  small  cubes  into  a hot  frying  pan.  Tet  it  brow: 
add  a small  quantity  of  sugar,  if  desired,  and  sliced  onions.  Cook  until  the  onioi 
are  tender,  then  pour  the  contents  of  the  frying  pan  into  the  stew  pan,  and  ac 
enough  boiling  water  to  cover  the  meat  and  let  it  simmer  gently  for  two  or  thr< 
hours.  Flavor  with  salt,  pepper,  herbs,  or  curry  powder.  This  dish  may  be  thicl 
ened  with  browned  flour,  and  vegetables  may  be  added — turnips,  carrots,  et( 
cut  into  small  pieces  and  browned  with  the  meat. 

Boiled  Rice. — Wash  tne  rice  well  and  sprinkle  into  a kettle  of  salted  wate 
boiling  hard  all  the  time.  After  15  or  20  minutes,  or  until  a grain  feels  soft  whe 
pressed  between  the  thumb  and  finger,  pour  off  the  water  and  place  the  kettle  ne; 
the  fire  so  that  the  grains  may  dry  and  swell.  If  cooked  longer  the  rice  is  like! 
to  become  pasty. 

Canned  Goods. — Before  using  canned  goods  see  that  the  ends  of  the  cans  a; 
sunk  in.  If  the  ends  are  swelled  or  bulgy  it  usually  means  fermented  contents  ar 
spoiled  goods.  After  a can  has  been  opened  pour  contents  immediately  into  ename 
ware  dish.  Never  leave  food  in  the  original  cans. 

Dried  or  Evaporated  Fruit. — Wash  and  pick  over  the  fruit,  soak  over  nigl 
in  the  water  (cold)  it  is  to  be  cooked  in,  using  only  enough  water  to  cover  the  frui 
Simmer  from  2 to  3 hours ; sweeten  before  removing  from  fire.  Do  not  use  an  ire 
vessel,  or  permit  the  fruit  to  boil  hard.  Keep  closely  covered. 

SIMPLE  DESSERTS 

i 

Simple  desserts,  such  as  boiled  rice  served  with  stewed  fruit,  or  rice  cooked  1 
evaporated  milk,  diluted,  and  mixed  half  and  half  with  well-sweetened  apple  saui 
made  from  evaporated  apples,  add  considerable  variety  without  calling  for  add 
tional  supplies  or  much  extra  work.  A shortcake  could  be  made  with  stew^ 
fruit  or  hot  apple  sauce,  using  for  the  cake  the  recipe  for  frying-pan  bread.  For 
change  nut  bread  could  be  made  by  adding  some  broken-up  nut  meats  to  the  brea 
dough,  or  cinnamon  buns  could  be  made  by  adding  raisins  cut  small  and  spreadir. 
sugar  and  cinnamon  over  the  top  before  baking. 


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DISPOSAL  OF  REFUSE 

Burn  all  cooking  refuse  in  the  camp  fire;  it  will  not  affect  the  cooking.  Burn 
everything — coffee  grounds,  parings,  bones,  meat,  even  old  tin  cans — for  if  thrown 
out  anywhere,  even  buried,  they  will  attract  flies.  Refuse  once  burned  will  not 
attract  flies. 

If  burning  is  impracticable,  dig  a hole  for  the  refuse,  leaving  the  earth  piled 
up  on  the  edge,  and  cover  every  addition  with  a layer  of  dirt. 

PACKING 

The  pack  saddle  is  firmly  cinched ; the  portions  of  the  outfit  are  carefully  sus- 
pended upon  it;  and  the  whole  is  secured  by  a rope  with  a single  hitch,  which  is  so 
tied  as  to  bind  the  load  to  the  animal.  The  usual  pack  saddle  is  of  the  sawbuck 
type,  as  shown  in  the  illustrations  on  page  69.  Care  should  be  taken  in  sad- 
dling the  animal.  Too  many  blankets  are  as  bad  as  not  enough,  for  either  cause 
a sore  back.  The  blanket  should  be  rinsed  out  in  cold  water  and  hung  up  to  dry 
without  wringing.  If  dried  in  this  manner  and  carefully  folded,  it  can  be  kept  from 
wrinkling  without  much  difficulty.  The  horse’s  withers  should  be  examined  after 
the  saddle  is  cinched ; and  if  the  forks  of  the  saddle  are  not  free,  more  blankets  should 
De  used  on  the  side  of  the  horse  under  the  bottom  of  the  saddle.  A single-cinch  sad- 
dle with  breeching  and  breast  straps  is  preferred,  although  double-cinch  saddles 
ire  used.  The  saddle  should  be  kept  tightly  in  place  and  evenly  balanced. 

In  figure  10  are  shown  two  canvas  pads  with  leather  corners,  filled  with  grass, 
md  cross  ribs  to  support  the  canvas.  Figure  9 shows  the  underside  of  this  pad  and 
he  leather-bound  holes  in  the  center  for  placing  over  the  horns  of  the  saddle, 
dgure  8 shows  the  outside  of  this  pad  with  hardwood  rib  on  each  side.  If  a little 
are  is  taken  in  placing  fresh  hay  in  these  pads  from  time  to  time,  sore  ribs  on  pack 
nimals  may  be  prevented.  The  pads  make  an  excellent  protection  for  the  horse 
n packing  supplies  in  boxes,  etc.  Bear  or  elk  grass  is  preferred  for  filling. 

The  rope  shown  in  figure  10  is  known  as  the  sling  rope  and  is  only  to  be  used 
vhere  alforjas  are  not  available.  Figure  1 1 shows  the  sawbuck  pack-saddle  rigged 
vith  these  sling  ropes  without  the  canvas  pads.  Figure  12  shows  how  such  a sling 
hould  be  tied.  Two  half  hitches  are  taken  in  the  middle  of  the  sling  rope  and 
ropped  over  the  front  crosstree.  The  ends  are  then  looped  over  the  rear  crosstree 


Yu  // 


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to  form  the  slings  from  which  the  packs  are  hung.  The  sling  is  adjusted  to  tt 
proper  position,  and  when  both  side  packs  have  been  slung  the  ends  of  the  sling  rop 
are  tied  together  across  the  center  of  the  saddle. 

Too  much  care  can  not  be  used  in  arranging  the  pack  before  loading  it  on  th 
animal.  The  side  packs  should  be  as  evenly  balanced  as  possible,  either  in  alforja 
or  boxes.  They  should  hang  well  down  on  the  sides  and  not  up  on  the  back  of  th 
pack  animal.  Light  stuff,  such  as  bedding,  camping  utensils,  etc.,  may  be  placed  o: 
top,  but  be  sure  that  the  bulk  of  the  load  is  well  down  on  the  side,  as  this  has  a ten 
dency  to  give  the  animal  more  perfect  control  of  the  load  in  making  a quick  move 
such  as  jumping  logs  or  ravines.  If  the  load  is  all  on  top,  the  animal,  no  matter  hov 
quiet  and  careful,  is  bound  to  hurt  its  back  from  the  free-pivot  swing  of  the  saddl 
and  load. 

The  original  diamond  hitch,  as  shown  in  figure  7,  on  page  68,  may  be  throwi 
by  one  or  two  persons.  When  loosened  and  taken  from  the  horse  there  are  n< 
knots  or  tangles  to  be  taken  out  of  the  rope.  The  load  may  be  tightened  in  a fev 
seconds  when  one  has  had  a little  practice.  Figure  1 shows  the  first  move  to  be 
made  with  the  rope.  If  one  person  is  packing,  he  should  stand  on  the  off  side  ol 
the  horse  to  start.  If  there  are  two  persons,  the  one  on  the  near  side  is  the  one 
to  start  the  operation.  Figure  2 shows  the  position  of  the  rope  after  it  has  beer 
hooked.  Figure  3 shows  the  position  of  the  rope  after  it  is  placed  under  the  cornei 
of  the  alforja  or  pocket.  Figure  4 shows  how  it  looks  on  both  sides.  Figure  5 
shows  the  rope  as  tightened,  while  figure  6 shows  the  rope  tightened  and  made  fast. 

FISH  AND  GAME  PROTECTION 

The  heavily  timbered  areas  of  Washington  are  the  natural  game  sanctuaries  of 
the  State.  These  areas  are  largely  within  the  National  Forests,  and  are  subject  to 
the  protection  which  goes  with  true  forest  conservation,  which  insures  to  the  sports- 
man and  the  public  in  general  not  only  good  hunting  grounds  but  a permanent  supply 
of  wild  game.  The  fish  and  game  laws  applying  in  the  National  Forests  are  those) 
enacted  by  the  Washington  State  Legislature.  Every  hunter  and  fisherman  should' 
familiarize  himself  with  these  laws,  a copy  of  which  will  be  furnished  by  the  State; 
game  warden  at  Seattle,  Wash. 

Game  and  fish  protective  work  is  one  of  the  regular  official  duties  of  all  Forest 
officers,  who  are  ex  officio  State  game  wardens. 


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A new  regulation  has  recently  been  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture, 
which  provides : 

“The  going  or  being  upon  any  land  of  the  United  States,  or  in  or  on  the  waters 
thereof , within  a National  Forest,  with  intent  to  hunt,  catch,  trap,  willfully  disturb, 
or  kill  any  kind  of  game  animal,  game  or  nongame  bird  or  fish,  or  to  take  the  eggs 
of  any  such  bird,  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  the  State  in  which  such  land  or  waters 
are  situated  is  hereby  prohibited.” 

HANDLING  KILLED  DEER 

There  are  several  ways  of  carrying  a deer  after  killing.  The  following  method 
is  one  used  by  a great  many  experienced  hunters : After  removing  entrails,  cut  the 
skin  around  the  legs  close  to  the  hoofs  below  the  dewclaws,  then  split  the  skin  of 
:he  leg  to  above  the  knee  joint.  Cut  legs  off  at  knee  joint  and  skin  out,  then  tie 
skin  of  legs  together  by  tying  skin  of  right  foreleg  to  skin  of  left  hind  leg  and  vice 
rersa.  Then  place  the  deer  on  a log  or  upper  hillside,  run  arms  through  loops 
firmed  by  tying  legs,  get  them  well  up  on  the  shoulders  and  rise.  The  deer  will  then 
lang  crosswise  on  the  back.  The  pack  can  be  regulated  for  comfort  by  lengthening 
>r  shortening  the  leg  ties. 

For  packing  one  deer  on  a horse  the  following  will  be  found  very  simple : Take  a 
•mall  rope,  place  double  half  hitch  over  horn  of  saddle,  place  deer  on  it,  belly  down 
and  it  is  best  to  turn  the  legs  slightly  to  the  rear)  and  let  the  weight  rest  just  back 
>f  the  forelegs.  Take  a half  hitch  around  flank  with  hitch  underneath,  then  pass 
ope  through  cinch  ring.  Repeat  on  opposite  side,  putting  hitch  just  back  of  fore- 
sgs.  Balance  the  deer  in  saddle,  tighten  the  ropes,  and  fasten  them.  The  head  and 
toms  can  be  twisted  around  and  tied  to  the  horn  of  the  saddle. 

To  skin  a deer,  swing  it  clear  of  the  ground  by  the  hind  feet  and  then  skin  down. 
Sy  this  means  the  hide  can  be  nearly  pulled  from  the  carcass  after  it  has  been  started 
dth  a knife  here  and  there,  and  the  meat  kept  clean.  To  preserve  the  hide,  stretch 
: over  a log,  a tree,  or  on  the  side  of  a building,  flesh  side  out,  until  it  is  thoroughly 
ried,  then  it  will  keep  and  is  easily  packed. 

If  it  is  desired  to  preserve  the  head  for  mounting,  the  following  simple  method 
. satisfactory.  Never  cut  the  animal’s  throat  if  you  wish  to  mount  the  head.  If 
is  desired  to  bleed  him,  stick  a knife  in  the  breast  at  the  base  of  the  neck.  To 
jimove  the  skin  from  the  head  and  neck,  first  slit  the  skin  from  one  horn  to  the  other 


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Seve  ■ 

and  carry  the  cut  around  the  base  of  each  horn.  Then  from  the  middle  of  the  crci; 
cut,  carry  a cut  down  the  middle  line  of  back  of  neck.  The  hide  can  then  be  remove 
from  the  head.  Use  common  table  salt  to  preserve  the  scalp.  Lay  the  skin  fle 
side  up  and  rub  plenty  of  salt  into  all  parts  of  it.  Be  careful  to  put  plenty  behii! 
the  ear  cartilages  and  around  the  nose. 

One  of  the  hardest  problems  which  confront  the  hunter  after  killing  his  deer 
taking  care  of  the  meat,  especially  in  hot  weather  when  the  flies  are  bad.  It  is 
good  idea  to  take  two  or  three  sacks  along  made  from  house  lining  or  cheeseclot 1 
These  sacks  should  be  made  about  6 feet  long  by  2 feet  wide.  The  hunter  cs 
carry  one  of  these  bags  along  when  hunting.  If  a deer  is  killed,  remove  the  entrail 
hang  it  up  so  it  will  drain,  and  slip  the  bag  over  it;  fasten  it  so  flies  can  not  get  i 
A deer  can  be  left  hanging  in  this  manner  and  brought  to  camp  on  a horse  late 
The  same  method  should  be  adopted  after  the  deer  has  been  skinned  in  camp.  La 
in  the  season  when  the  nights  are  cool,  by  keeping  flies  off  in  this  manner,  a de 
can  be  kept  fresh  for  several  days,  and  in  some  cases  for  a week  or  two. 

Nearly  every  hunter  has  his  own  ideas  about  making  “jerky.”  The  me; 
should  be  cut  into  strips  from  2 to  3 inches  thick  and  dipped  in  boiling  hot  brin 
Build  a rack  with  long  sticks  (wire  screen  is  better),  smoke  with  green  maple  < 
other  hardwood  until  the  meat  is  seared  over  so  flies  will  not  bother.  After  th 
it  is  best  to  dry  it  in  the  sun  as  much  as  possible.  When  smoking,  do  not  alio 
the  fire  to  blaze  or  the  meat  will  be  cooked  instead  of  jerked. 

CODE  OF  LOST  AND  DISTRESS  SIGNALS 

When  a man  is  lost  or  injured  and  needs  help,  a signal  by  shooting  should  I 
given.  The  lost  and  injured  signal  is  the  firing  of  a gun  twice,  with  an  intervr 
of  10  seconds  between  and  one  single  shot  60  seconds  later.  If  no  answer  is  receiver 
this  signal  should  be  repeated  after  an  intermission  of  5 minutes.  The  answ( 
to  this  signal  will  be  one  single  shot  from  the  rescuing  party,  followed  by  a reco j 
nition  shot  from  the  lost  man. 

Care  should  be  taken  to  get  the  time  between  shots  as  accurate  as  possible.  i 
the  absence  of  a watch  the  time  can  be  very  accurately  judged  by  counting  10  b* 
tween  the  first  and  second  shots  and  60  between  the  second  and  third  shots.  Hui 
ters  should  keep  in  mind  this  signal  and,  if  possible,  avoid  giving  it  when  shootin 
at  game. 


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The  person  who  is  lost  should,  after  hearing  an  answer  to  his  signal,  remain  at 
the  place  where  he  gave  the  signal  until  the  rescuing  party  arrives;  otherwise  he 
may  take  the  opposite  direction  and  not  be  found  at  all. 

To  prepare  for  an  emergency,  every  hunter  or  fisherman  should  carry  in  his 
pocket  a piece  of  candle  and  matches  in  a water-tight  match  safe,  so  that,  in  case  he 
should  get  lost  or  injured,  he  can  readily  start  a camp  fire. 

ACCIDENTS 

Preliminary  treatment  is  described  for  the  following  more  common  accidents: 

Drowning.— Remove  clothing  from  upper  part  of  body.  Lay  patient  face 
down  and  empty  lungs  of  water  by  lifting  the  body  by  the  middle.  Then  place  the 
patient  on  his  back.  Put  your  finger  well  back  in  his  throat  and  clear  out  mud, 
leaves,  etc.  Pull  and  hold  tongue  forward  with  dry  handkerchief.  To  induce 
artificial  respiration  kneel  at  the  patient’s  head  and  grasp  arms  below  the  elbow. 
Alternately  raise  both  arms  upward  and  backward  over  the  head,  making  the 
elbows  almost  touch  the  ground ; then  bring  them  down  again,  pressing  them  against 
:he  sides  and  front  of  chest.  Repeat  about  15  times  a minute,  and  continue  for 
it  least  an  hour  and  a half.  As  soon  as  natural  breathing  begins,  give  stimulants 
md  warm  drinks  by  teaspoonfuls. 

Wounds.  Reduce  the  flow  of  blood  by  applying  cold  water,  snow,  ice,  or 
loultice ; also  by  elevation  of  the  part  injured.  If  an  artery  is  cut  so  that  the 
flood  spurts  in  jets,  stop  flow  of  blood  by  pressing  against  bone  or  muscle.  If 
njury  is  to  limb,  tie  band  tightly  around  it  near  the  wound  and  between  the  wound 
.nd  the  heart. 

Sunstroke . Get  patient  in  shade  at  once.  Lay  him  on  his  back  and  apply 
old  water  to  head  and  neck.  Do  everything  possible  to  reduce  temperature  of 
>ody  and  rapidity  of  pulse. 

Mad-dog  or  snake  bite— Apply  a tourniquet  between  the  wound  and  heart, 
posenmg  it  from  time  to  time.  Suck  wound,  but  be  sure  you  have  no  open 
uts  or  sores  on  lips  or  mouth.  In  snake  bite  a heart  stimulant  should  be  admin- 
>tered.  A good  treatment  consists  of  hypodermic  injections  of  potassium  perman- 
anate  near  the  puncture;  also  give  strychnine  hypodermically  or  in  tablets  to  keep 
;p  heart  action. 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington  Sev*& 

Ptomaine  poisoning. — Ptomaines  are  a common  source  of  poisoning  and  mos 
frequently  occur  in  canned  meats,  fish,  etc.  An  effort  must  be  made  at  once  t( 
empty  the  stomach  by  vomiting,  which  may  be  induced  by  tickling  the  throa 
with  feather  or  finger,  or  drinking  warm  water  with  mustard.  Laxatives,  such  a; 
Epsom  or  Rochelle  salts  or  castor  oil,  should  be  given  freely.  Stimulants  shoulc 
be  given  and  heat  and  rubbing  applied  after  the  elimination  of  the  poison. 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE  NATIONAL  FORESTS 

Simplicity  is  the  principal  characteristic  of  the  Forest  Service  organization 
No  red  tape  is  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  efficiency  of  the  men  in  the  field.  Eacf 
National  Forest  is  in  direct  charge  of  a forest  supervisor,  with  headquarters  in  £ 
town  conveniently  near  the  Forest,  and  is  divided  into  ranger  districts,  each  in  charg< 
of  a forest  ranger.  A large  part  of  the  business  of  the  Forest  can  be  carried  or 
with  the  rangers,  and  most  of  the  rest  with  the  forest  supervisors.  The  largei 
questions  of  policy  and  administration  are  referred  to  the  district  forester. 

The  timber  that  is  mature  and  ready  for  cutting  is  offered  for  sale  to  the 
highest  bidder.  When  a sale  is  made,  the  trees  to  be  cut  are  marked  by  a Foresl 
officer,  provision  being  made  for  the  preservation  of  the  young  growth  and  the 
perpetuation  of  the  Forest.  The  purchaser  of  National  Forest  timber  is  required 
to  dispose  of  the  logging  slash  in  such  a way  as  to  prevent  its  becoming  afire 
menace. 

As  the  result  of  great  forest  fires  there  are  here  and  there  on  the  National 
Forests  large  burns  which  are  completely  deforested  and  which  can  be  reclaimed 
only  by  the  artificial  planting  or  sowing  of  small  trees.  Such  areas  the  Forest 
Service  is  reclaiming  by  planting  young  trees  grown  in  the  Service  nurseries: 
About  1,500,000  small  trees  are  planted  annually  in  the  National  Forests  of 
Washington. 

On  most  of  the  National  Forests  there  are  areas  suitable  for  the  grazing  of 
sheep  or  cattle.  These  are  allotted  to  the  sheep  and  cattle  men  for  a regular  fee  of  sd 
much  per  head  of  stock.  On  the  open  forests  of  eastern  Washington,  where  there: 
are  large  areas  of  bunch  grass  in  the  yellow  pine  timber,  sheep  and  cattle  are 
grazed  under  Forest  Service  permit  and  supervision.  The  nutritious  forage  is 
thus  utilized  for  the  production  of  meat,  wool,  and  hides,  and  the  danger  from 
fires  spreading  in  the  forests  is  thus  greatly  reduced. 


Seoeniy- 

Fioe 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Settlers  who  live  within  or  near  a Forest  are  allowed  to  graze  a small  number 
of  domestic  stock  free  of  charge.  Care  is  taken  to  see  that  each  settler  and  stock- 
man  gets  his  fair  allotment  of  range,  and  that  the  range  is  not  overgrazed  and 
spoiled  for  the  next  grazing  season. 

The  greatest  menace  to  the  forest  is  fire,  and  the  Federal  Government  spends 
mnuallv  on  the  National  Forests  of  Washington  about  $60,000  for  patrol  work 
md  from  $5,000  to  $80,000  for  actual  fire  fighting.  On  each  of  the  Forests  in 
Washington  there  are  one  or  more  lookouts  who  are  stationed  on  the  higher  peaks 
md  ridges.  Upon  these  the  Forest  Service  depends  for  the  speedy  discovery  of 
ires.  It  is  intended  that  all  parts  of  every  Forest  shall  be  under  constant  obser- 
ation  during  the  summer  season.  The  lookout  is  housed  in  a small  cabin  and 
irovided  with  field  glasses  and  instruments  for  determining  the  location  of  fires, 
elephone  lines  enable  him  to  report  the  fire  to  the  district  ranger.  Once  a fire 
; discovered  and  located,  it  is  the  business  of  the  ranger  to  put  it  out.  Tools 
re  always  ready  at  the  ranger  stations  and  in  special  boxes  at  strategic  points 
1 the  Forest.  The  ranger  and  his  assistants  are  always  ready  for  prompt  action, 
ad  the  majority  of  fires  are  reached  and  extinguished  inexpensively  by  a small 
'ew  before  they  spread  to  large  proportions.  If  the  fire  is  too  large  for  the  ranger 
) handle,  the  Forest  supervisor  takes  charge  and  by  means  of  plans  made  in 
ivance  is  able  to  secure  on  short  notice  experienced  crews  of  fire  fighters,  trans- 
lation, and  large  supplies  of  tools  and  equipment  and  food  for  the  men  who 
ay  have  to  spend  a week  or  more  on  the  fire  line.  The  greatest  energies  of  the 
)rest  Service  are  directed  to  the  prevention  and  suppression  of  fires. 

For  the  purpose  of  making  the  timber  more  accessible,  for  facility  in  getting 
fires  quickly,  and  for  opening  up  the  Forest  to  the  people,  the  Forest  Service 
.s  built,  in  all  the  National  Forests,  a total  of  4,419  miles  of  roads  and  23,239 
les  of  trail-  Ten  per  cent  of  the  receipts  from  timber  sales,  grazing  fees,  etc  is 
ed  for  building  roads  and  trails  for  the  benefit  of  the  public,  and  another  25  per 
at  of  the  receipts  is  paid  to  the  States  by  the  Federal  Government  for  the  benefit 
county  schools  and  roads.  The  appropriation  in  1916  by  Congress  of  $10,000,000 
be  used  at  the  rate  of  $1,000,000  a year  and  the  appropriating  in  1919  0f 
,000,000  a year  for  three  years  for  the  construction  of  National  Forest  roads,  will 

ike  possible  the  building  of  roads  on  a much  larger  scale  than  has  hitherto 
m possible. 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


Seven 


WASHINGTON  GAME  LAWS,  1920 

OPEN  SEASONS.1 
West  of  Cascades. 

Dates  inclusive. 

Deer  (see  exceptions),  goat Oct.  i--Nov.  i, 

Exceptions:  Deer  in  Island  and  vSan  Juan  Counties,  Jan.  i,  1921;  does  in 
Skagit,  Snohomish,  and  Whatcom  Counties,  no  open  season. 

Bear Sept.  i-May  1 

Quail,  ruffed  grouse,  native  pheasant,  Chinese  pheasant  (see  exception),  blue 

grouse,  ptarmigan Oct.  i-Oct.  15 

Exception:  Chinese  pheasant  in  Clallam,  Kitsap,  and  Skamania  Counties, 
no  open  season. 

Duck,  goose,  brant,  coot Oct.  i-Jan.  15. 

Black-bellied  and  golden  plovers,  Wilson  snipe  or  jacksnipe,  yellowlegs Oct.  i-Dec.  15. 

Rail Oct.  i-Nov.  30. 

East  of  Cascades. 

Deer  (Kittitas  County,  Oct.  15-Dec.  1) '.Oct.  i-Nov.  15 

Bear Sept.  i-May  1 

Goat . No  open  season 

Ruffed  grouse  (native  pheasant),  blue  grouse  (see  exceptions)  Sept.  i-Nov.  r 


Exceptions:  In  Asotin  County  (in  precincts  of  Clarkston,  South  Clarkston, 
and  West  Clarkston,  no  open  season),  Garfield,  and  Walla  Walla,  Aug.  15- 
Oct.  1 . Ruffed  grouse  in  Columbia,  Kittitas,  and  Yakima  Counties,  no  open 
season.  Blue  grouse  in  Columbia  County,  no  open  season;  in  Spokane 
County,  Oct.  1,  1919. 

Quail  in  Counties  of  Asotin  (in  precincts  of  Clarkston,  South  Clarkston,  and  West 


Clarkston,  no  open  season),  Garfield,  and  Walla  Walla Oct.  i-Oct.  10. 

Prairie  chicken  in  Stevens  County Sept.  15-Oct.  1 

Prairie  chicken  in  Ferry  and  Okanogan  Counties Sept.  15-Nov. 

Sage  hen,  Hungarian  partridge,  male  Chinese  and  English  pheasants  in  Kittitas 

County Oct.  i-Oct.  10. 

Bob- white  quail  in  Spokane  County Oct.  i-Nov.  l 

Hungarian  partridge  in  Lincoln,  Spokane,  and  Stevens  Counties Oct.  i-Nov.  15 

Chinese  pheasants  in  Benton,  Stevens,  and  Yakima  Counties Oct.  i-Oct.  15. 

Duck,  goose,  brant,  coot Sept.  16-Dec.  5 

Black-bellied  and  golden  plovers,  Wilson  snipe  or  jacksnipe,  yellowlegs Oct.  i-Dec.  15. 

Rail Sept.  16-Nov..; 


1 Washington:  County  game  commission,  with  consent  of  State  warden,  may  shorten,  close,  or  open  season 
upland  game  birds. 


In  the  Open — The  National  Forests  of  Washington 


zcenly- 

zcen 


NO  OPEN  SEASON.1 

Moose,  elk  (1925);  fawns,  caribou,  mountain  sheep,  squirrels  (gray,  black,  fox),  quail,  prairie 
iiicken,  sage  hens,  introduced  birds  (except  as  above),  turkey,  and  dove;  swans,  wood  ducks, 
der  ducks,  auklets,  auks,  bitterns,  little  brown  and  sandhill  cranes,  fulmars,  grebes,  guil- 
mots,  gulls,  herons,  jaegers,  loons,  murres,  petrels,  band-tailed  pigeons,  puffins,  shearwaters, 
ms,  and  all  shore  birds  (except  Wilson  snipe  or  jacksnipe,  black-bellied  and  golden  plovers,  and 
dlowlegs). 

HUNTING  AND  FISHING  LICENSES. 

Nonresident:  Hunting  and  fishing,  State,  $10;  fishing,  county,  fe.  Resident:  State,  $5; 
imty,  $1.  Issued  by  county  auditors. 

No  license  required  of  honorably  discharged  Union  soldiers  of  Civil  War  to  hunt  or  fish,  or  of 
)men  and  persons  under  16  to  fish,  if  residents. 

BAG  LIMITS  AND  POSSESSION. 

One  deer  in  counties  east  of  Cascades.  Two  deer  (r  buck  in  Skagit,  Snohomish,  and  What- 
m),  1 goat  m counties  west  of  Cascades.  Five  in  all  of  partridge,  grouse,  prairie  chickens 
mgarian  partridge,  Chinese  or  English  pheasant  a day  or  in  possession;  10  quail  a day, 
upland  birds,  but  in  no  event  to  include  more  than  5 upland  birds  other  than  quail,  and 
in  all  of  upland  birds  a week.  In  Kittitas  County  a male  Chinese  or  English  pheasants  in  bag 
5 upland  birds;  20  ducks,  geese,  brant,  golden  plover,  yellowlegs,  Wilson  snipe  a week 
:ek  ends  at  midnight  Saturday),  but  not  more  than  8 geese,  8 brant,  15  in  all  of  plovers 
1 yellowlegs  a day;  30  ducks,  geese,  brant  in  possession;  30  sora  and  25  in  all  of  other  rails,  coots, 
l galhnules.  Possession  during  close  season  permitted  under  permit,  but  migratory  birds  shall 
be  possessed  longer  than  the  first  10  days  after  close  of  open  season. 


Sale  of  all  protected  game  prohibited. 


•SALE. 

Export. 


Export  of  all  protected  game  prohibited. 


Washington:  County  game  commission,  with 
nd  game  birds. 


consent  of  State  warden,  may  shorten,  close,  or  open  season 


on 


Six  Rules  For  Sportsmen 

1 . Be  a real  sportsman. — There  is  more  honor  in  giving  the  game  a square  deal  than 
in  getting  the  limit. 

2.  Make  sure  it's  a buck. — If  you  can’t  see  his  horns — she  hasn’t  got  any. 

3.  Help  to  enforce  the  game  law. — Game  and  fish  are  public  property  and  only  a game 
hog  will  take  more  than  his  fair  and  legal  share.  Violations  should  be  reported  to  the 
nearest  deputy  warden,  Forest  ranger,  or  game  protective  association. 

4.  Respect  the  ranchman’s  property. — He  regards  the  man  who  leaves  his  gates  open, 
cuts  his  fences,  disturbs  his  live  stock,  or  shoots  near  dwellings,  as  an  outlaw.  Put  your- 
self in  his  place. 

5.  Be  careful  with  your  camp  fire  and  matches—  One  tree  will  make  a million  matches; 
one  match  can  bum  a million  trees. 

6.  Leave  a clean  camp  and  a clean  record. — Unburied  garbage,  crippled  game,  and  broken 
laws  are  poor  monuments  for  a sportsman  to  leave  behind  him. 


ADDITIONAL  COPIES 
OF  THIS  PUBLICATION  MAY  BE  PROCURED  FROM 
THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON,  D.C. 

AT 

20  CENTS  PER  COPY 


Seventy- 

Eight 


9387°— 20.  (Toface  page  78.) 


GOVERNMENT 

EXHIBIT 

at  thelQOLO 

cttioncti 

airy  Skoio 


United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Department  Circular  139, 


Washington,  D.  C., 


September,  1920. 


THE  GOVERNMENT  EXHIBIT  AT  THE  1920 
NATIONAL  DAIRY  SHOW. 


CONTENTS. 


0 Page. 

Community  development  at  Grove  City 4 

Development  of  a dairy  community 4 

Products  of  the  Grove  City  creamery 5 

The  S wiss-cheese  factory 5 

Cow-testing-association  exhibit 7 

Cow-testing-association  demonstration  herd.  7 

The  bull-association  exhibit 9 

Control  of  infectious  diseases 9 


"Better  Sires— Better  Stock” 

Cost  of  milk  production 

Mineral  requirements  for  milk  production 

The  bank  in  the  dairy  community 

The  milk  utilization  exhibit 

Dairy-statistics  exhibit 

F orage-crop  exhibit 

Marketing  dairy  products 


10 

10 

11 

11 

13 

14 

15 
15 


jVTOKE  than  half  a million  dollars  extracted  from  air,  sunshine, 
and  water— a strange  alchemy,  indeed.  Not  the  sort  the  old 
chemists  dreamed  of — turning  base  metals  into  gold — but  the  kind 
practiced  by  the  farmers  of  the  dairy  community  at  Grove  City,  Pa. 
Here  community  development  in  dairying  becomes  a reality,  through 
the  cooperation  of  practical  farmers,  bankers,  and  business  men, 
under  the  direction  of  specialists  of  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture.  Last  year  more  than  half  a million  dollars’  worth  of 
dairy  products  were  manufactured  and  sold  at  premium  prices 
Most  of  this  sum  was  distributed  among  the  farmers  of  the  com- 
munity who  are  engaged  in  the  enterprise,  only  a small  part  going 
to  pay  for  the  operation  of  the  creamery. 

Because  the  results  are  so  noteworthy,  so  comprehensive,  and  so 
typical  of  what  may  be  accomplished  in  other  localities,  the  depart- 
ment has  chosen  the  Grove  City  community  as  a central  figure  in  its 
exhibit  at  the  National  Dairy  Show.  All  the  department’s  activities 
that  concern  dairymen  have  a place  in  the  organization  of  such  a 
community. 

The  exhibits  in  the  various  booths  illustrate  what  has  actually 
been  accomplished,  and  it  is  expected  that  every  visitor,  whether 
dairyman,  manufacturer,  business  man,  or  extension  worker,  will 
carry  home  ideas  that  he  can  use  in  his  own  work. 

The  various  features  of  the  exhibits  relating  to  production  and 
manufacturing  were  prepared  by  the  Dairy  Division,  Bureau  of  Ani- 
mal Industry,  and  those  relating  to  marketing  and  forage  crops  by 

the  Bureau  of  Markets  and  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  respec- 
tively. - ' ■ 


3 


4 Department  Circular  139,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

COMMUNITY  DEVELOPMENT  AT  GROVE  CITY. 

In  1915  the  Dairy  Division  aided  in  establishing  a creamery  at 
Grove  City,  Pa.  This  creamery,  built  with  local  capital,  is  operated 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Dairy  Division  as  an  adjunct  to  its 
laboratories.  The  creamery  has  stimulated  production  by  providing 
a market  for  the  milk  and  cream  produced  and  at  the  same  time  has 
helped  to  bring  about  a general  development  of  the  community. 

At  first  only  an  idea,  community  development  in  dairying  became 
a reality  through  the  cooperation  of  the  Dairy  Division  and  the 
farmers  and  business  men  of  Grove  City.  The  movement  grew 
slowly  the  first  year,  more  rapidly  the  second  year,  and  with  increas- 
ing rapidity  ever  since. 

The  cow-testing  association  has  eliminated  the  poor  cows  and  re- 
placed them  with  better  ones,  often  with  purebreds.  The  three 
breeders’  associations  have  brought  in  many  carloads  of  purebred 
dairy  cattle  and  found  a ready  market  for  surplus  dairy  animals  of 
every  kind.  The  two  bull  associations  have  brought  good  bloodlines 
within  the  reach  of  every  farmer  in  the  district.  Federal  and  State 
veterinarians  have  tested  387  herds  for  tuberculosis,  and  already 
have  placed  148  herds  on  the  tuberculosis-free  accredited  list.  On 
almost  every  farm  the  buildings  have  been  improved,  and  in  many 
cases  completely  remodeled.  The  creamery  has  found  a satisfactory 
market  for  butter,  cheese,  and  skim-milk  products.  Total  sales  of 
dairy  products  for  last  year  amounted  to  $505,810.  Farmers  are 
active  members  of  the  Grove  City  Commercial  Club.  The  Boys’  and 
Girls’  Purebred  Dairy  Cattle  Club  is  training  the  children  to  carry  on 
development  work  in  future  years.  The  women,  likewise  interested, 
take  an  active  part  in  business  and  social  gatherings. 

In  the  beginning  the  banks  helped  to  finance  the  purchase  of  dairy 
cattle.  Now  the  farmers  are  less  dependent  on  them.  Bankers, 
farmers,  merchants — all  have  helped  and  all  have  prospered.  The 
schools  have  improved;  churches  have  advanced;  homes  have  become 
more  comfortable;  and  farm  life  has  become  more  pleasant  and 
attractive. 

In  the  booths  of  the  exhibit  will  be  found  detailed  information 
on  the  lines  of  work  which  have  contributed  to  the  development  of 
the  Grove  City  community.  Study  these  exhibits  carefully.  What 
the  people  of  the  Grove  City  community  have  done  others  can  do. 
Their  work  is  a lesson  to  wide-awake  progressive  and  public-spirited 
dairymen  everywhere. 

DEVELOPMENT  OF  A DAIRY  COMMUNITY. 

The  central  feature  of  the  whole  Government  exhibit  is  an  attractive 
model  representing  the  Grove  City  community.  On  one  side  is  a 
rural  scene  and  on  the  other  a village.  In  the  village  there  is  a model 


5 


Government  Exhibit  at  1920  National  Dairy  Show . 

of  the  Grove  City  creamery,  by  which  dairy  products  of  the  com- 
munity are  prepared  for  market.  A railroad  train  carries  the  products 
away  from  the  creamery.  The  whole  exhibit  shows  how  a community 
may  handle  its  dairy  products,  utilizing  the  surplus,  and  putting  out 
high-grade  commodities  that  command  good  market  prices. 

PRODUCTS  OF  THE  GROVE  CITY  CREAMERY. 

So  far  as  possible  all  the  solids  in  the  milk  delivered  at  the  creamery 
are  used  for  the  manufacture  of  human-food  products  which  are 
usually  more  profitable  than  animal-feed  products  and  nonedible 
products.  The  creamery  purchases  the  farmer’s  skim  milk  as  well  as 
his  cream,  and  there  is  an  increasing  tendency  among  farmers  to  sell 
the  entire  milk  instead  of  keeping  the  skim  milk  on  the  farm. 

Before  the  community-development  work  was  begun  practically  no 
dairy  products  were  shipped  from  Grove  City.  The  following  figures 

show  the  extent  of  dairy  production  in  the  community  during  the  last 
year: 


Products  of  the  Grove  City  Creamery  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1920. 


Butter. 

Con- 

densed 

skim 

milk. 

Cheese. 

Casein. 

Swiss. 

Camem- 

bert. 

Roque- 

fort. 

Cheddar. 

Cottage. 

Pounds. 
505 , 909 

Pounds. 

828,065 

Pounds. 

112,927 

Pounds. 

7,737 

Pounds. 
12, 378 

Pounds. 

21,393 

Pounds. 
230, 968 

Pounds. 
30, 773 

The  exhibit  contains  samples  of  the  butter,  condensed  milk,  and 
casein,  and  the  Swiss,  Camembert,  and  Roquefort  cheese  made  at 
the  Grove  City  creamery.  Information  as  to  methods  and  cost  of 
manufacture,  and  the  prices  received  for  these  products,  is  available. 
, lhese  Products  and  the  related  information  are  presented  for  the 
benefit  of  those  interested  in  dairy  manufacturing.  Study  them 

carefully;  some  of  them  may  be  manufactured  profitably  in  your 
locality. 

THE  SWISS-CHEESE  factory. 

Can  Swiss  cheese  equal  to  the  imported  product  in  quality  and 
uniformity  be  made  in  the  United  States  ? 

A few  years  ago  the  answer  might  have  been  “No.”  To-dav  it  is 
more  likely  to  be  “Yes.”  J 

% the  method  of  using  prepared  cultures  developed  by  the  Dairy 
Division,  and  demonstrated  in  this  exhibit,  quality  in  Swiss  cheese 
as  become  almost  a certainty.  Taking  advantage  of  this  fact,  the 
urove  City  creamery  began  the  manufacture  of  Swiss  cheese  in  1919. 


6 Department  Circular  139,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

One  hundred  pounds  of  milk  containing  3.25  per  cent  butterfat 
will  make  about  8J  pounds  of  cheese,  and  besides  from  one-half  to 
three-fourths  pound  of  fat  suitable  for  buttermaking  can  be  recovered 
from  the  whey.  If  the  cheese  is  of  first  quality  it  will  bring  45  cents  a 
pound.  True,  a considerable  portion  of  the  Swiss  cheese  now  made 
in  this  country  is. of  inferior  quality,  bringing  only  35,  30,  or  even  20 
cents  a pound;  but  by  careful  manufacturing  and  the  use  of  proper 
cultures,  it  is  believed  that  these  low  grades  can  be  largely  eliminated. 

The  exhibit  not  only  shows  the  process  of  making  and  curing  Swiss 
cheese,  but  also  illustrates  new  methods  introduced  by  the  Dairy 
Division,  which,  if  properly  applied  to  high-grade  raw  material, 
should  make  the  domestic  Swiss  equal  to  the  imported.  The 


Fig.  1.— Type  of  the  high-quality  domestic  Swiss  cheese  made  at  Grove  City,  Pa. 

peculiar  flavor  and  the  holes  or  eyes  of  Swiss  cheese  are  the 
result  of  the  growth  of  certain  bacteria  which  the  maker  tries 
to  encourage.  In  the  laboratory  adjoining  the  miniature  factory 
the  bacteriologists  grow  and  prepare  for  distribution  to  factories 
two  types  of  bacteriological  cultures.  One  develops  acidity 
in  the  cheese  so  rapidly  that  the  undesirable  bacteria  are  sup- 
pressed; the  other,  which  grows  more  slowly,  gives  the  cheese  its 
characteristic  e}^es  and  flavor. 

The  exhibit  includes  a warm  and  a cold  curing  room,  the  former  to 
encourage  the  formation  of  eyes,  the  latter  to  hold  the  cheese  for  the 
slow  development  of  the  delicate  flavor  which  is  found  in  the  finest 
grades. 


Government  Exhibit  at  1920  National  Dairy  Show . 7 

COW-TESTING- ASSOCIATION  EXHIBIT. 

The  Grove  City  district  has  one  of  the  468  cow-testing  associations 
that  are  now  at  work  in  the  United  States.  The  results  at  Grove 
City  and  elsewhere  are  shown  and  explained  in  the  cow-testing- 
association  booth.  An  illuminated  exhibit  of  maps  and  charts  shows 
the  location  of  all  the  associations  and  gives  their  growth  in  numbers 
each  year  since  the  work  began,  in  Newaygo  County,  Mich.,  in  1 906. 

Two  years’  records  from  the  Grove  City  association  are  now 
available,  and  the  figures  on  one  chart  show  clearly  what  a cow-testing 
association  does  for  a dairy  community.  For  the  second  year,  the 
figures  show  an  average  gain,  per  cow,  of  656  pounds  of  milk,  36 
pounds  of  butterfat,  and  $30.58  income  over  cost  of  feed. 

The  cow-testing-association  booth  shows  a mechanical  device  that 
vividly  compares  the  records  of  low  and  high  producing  dairy  cows. 
By  means  of  butter  cartons  the  records  of  cow-testing-association 
cows  appear  in  contrast  with  average  cows  and  also  with  world-record 
cows.  It  has  been  estimated  that  the  average  dairy  cow  produces 
160  pounds  of  butterfat  in  a year.  Association  cows  average  about 
246  pounds.  The  world’s  record  is  1,205.09  pounds,  or  about  7J 
times  as  much  as  the  average  for  all  the  dairy  cows  in  the  United 
States. 

The  cow-testing-association  booth  is  well  supplied  with  bulletins 
and  circulars  that  tell  how  to  conduct  the  work  and  what  results  may 
be  expected.  On  the  wall  are  a dozen  charts  that  tell  the  story  of 
the  progress  made  in  the  Grove  City  association  and  the  Newaygo 
County  (Mich.)  association,  and  that  show  the  results  of  the  tabula- 
tion of  more  than  40,000  individual  cow  records.  One  chart  defines 
a c'ow-testing  association  as  “an  organization  of  about  26  farmers 
who  milk  cows  and  who  cooperatively  employ  a man  to  test  their 
cows  for  economical  production.”  The  charts  show  clearly  that  it 
pays  a dairyman  to  know  the  feed  and  production  records  of  his 
cows  and  to  feed  each  cow  according  to  known  production. 

COW-TESTING-ASSOCIATION  DEMONSTRATION  HERD. 

Can  you  tell  by  the  appearance  of  a cow  how  many  pounds  of  milk 
she  will  produce  in  a year?  If  so,  can  you  tell  what  her  milk  will 
test?  Can  you  tell  by  observation  how  much  roughage  and  grain 
she  has  consumed  to  produce  that  milk  and  butterfat — in  other 
words,  how  much  it  has  cost  to  feed  her  for  a year  ? If  not,  you  had 
better  stop  and  study  the  demonstration  herd. 

This  herd  consists  of  12  cows  whose  feed  and  production  records 
have  been  carefully  kept  for  a year  or  more  in  a cow-testing  associa- 
tion. From  the  conformation  and  general  appearance  of  each  cow, 
you  are  invited  to  estimate  her  production  of  milk  and  butterfat  and 


Fig.  2.— In  this  animated  exhibit  a cow  of  high  production  jumps  over  the  moon,  while  another— a less 

profitable  cow— fails  to  do  so. 

when  to  supplement  the  pastures  with  other  feed,  and  the  relative 
merits  of  different  dates  of  freshening.  By  comparing  the  records  of 
the  dams  and  daughters,  the  cow-testing  association  also  furnishes 
definite  information  as  to  the  true  value  of  dairy  sires.  In  short,  the 
records  furnish  the  information  necessary  for  the  building  up  of  high- 
producing  profitable  dairy  herds. 

The  cows  in  the  demonstration  herd  are  from  a Wisconsin  cow- 
testing association.  The  owners  of  the  cows  will  be  there,  and  they 
as  well  as  the  man  in  charge  of  the  exhibit  will  answer  questions 
regarding  the  records  and  care  of  each  cow.  These  men  are  also 
ready  to  give  information  on  the  organization  and  management  of 
cow-testing  associations,  and  the  progressive  dairyman  will  find  there 
a practical  lesson. 


8 Department  Circular  139,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


her  earnings  over  cost  of  feed.  Then  compare  your  estimates  with 
the  cow-testing- association  records. 

In  untested  herds  sentiment  often  plays  a large  part  in  selection. 
Too  frequently  the  favorite  cow  is  not  the  most  profitable  producer, 
and  it  is  through  the  cow-testing  association  that  the  best  cows  are 
selected  for  production  and  breeding  purposes.  The  association  also 
furnishes  an  accurate  yearly  record  of  the  milk  and  butterfat  pro- 
duction and  of  the  feed  consumed  by  each  individual  in  the'herd. 

The  exhibit  shows  how  the  cow-testing-association  records  enable 
the  farmer  to  determine  the  value  of  different  methods  of  dairy 
management,  such  as  the  feeding  of  soiling  crops,  silage,  and  alfalfa; 


9 


Government  Exhibit  at  i920  National  Dairy  Show. 

THE  BULL-ASSOCIATION  EXHIBIT. 

That  bull  associations  are  important  in  the  development  of  a 
community  is  indicated  by  results  at  Grove  City,  where  there  are  two 
associations — one  a Holstein  and  the  other  a Jersey. 

The  reduced  cost  of  providing  good  purebred  bulls  is  an  advantage 
of  the  association  that  first  appeals  to  the  dairyman;  but  the  out- 
standing advantage  is  that  bulls  owned  by  the  association  are  kept 
until  their  daughters  are  tested.  Bulls  of  great  value,  owned  by 
individuals,  have  frequently  been  slaughtered  before  their  value  was 
known.  Through  the  bull  associations,  however,  bulls  worth 
thousands  of  dollars  have  been  saved  for  use  as  long  as  they  live. 

In  addition  to  the  advantages  mentioned,  bull  associations  estab- 
lish permanently  in  a community  a certain  breed  or  breeds.  This  is 
an  important  feature  from  a marketing  point  of  view,  as  breeders  can 
supply  the  demand  for  carload  lots  of  cattle  of  uniform  breeding. 

More  than  120  communities  in  the  United  States  now  have  active 
bull  associations,  and  in  other  communities  the  work  is  strongly 
indorsed. 

The  bull-association  booth  contains  some  of  the  results  obtained 
in  78  associations  in  the  United  States  in  1919.  A map  of  a bull 
association  shows  graphically  the  organization,  the  average  number 
of  blocks;  average  number  of  members,  location  of  blocks  and  mem- 
bers, and  number  of  cows  in  a typical  association. 

The  photographs  of  typical  association  bulls  and  their  progeny, 
tabulation  of  growth  of  associations,  and  a model  of  a bull-association 
block,  shown  in  this  exhibit,  throw  further  light  on  the  method  of 
operation  and  the  results  obtained  in  the  various  associations. 

The  exhibit  is  the  medium  through  which  the  2,978  farmers  from 
27  States  tell  you  what  they  have  accomplished.  Where  graphic 
illustration  fails  to  give  the  information  desired,  the  specialist  in 
charge  of  the  work  will  personally  convey  the  message. 

CONTROL  OF  INFECTIOUS  DISEASES. 

Previous  to  April,  1918,  the  Grove  City  community  had  practically 
no  tuberculin-tested  cattle,  with  the  exception  of  a few  which  had 
been  tested  for  interstate  shipment.  During  the  early  part  of  1918 
systematic  disease-control  measures  were  begun  and  from  April, 
1918,  to  May,  1920,  387  herds,  consisting  of  4,988  animals,  were 
tested  under  the  accredited-herd  plan.  Of  these,  148  herds  are 
already  accredited  and  others  are  in  process  of  becoming  so. 

Four  per  cent  of  all  cattle  tested  in  the  vicinity  have  been  found 
to  be  tuberculous,  which  is  about  the  average  for  all  cattle  tested 
in  the  United  States.  Owing  to  cooperative  control  measures,  other 
infectious  diseases  are  causing  only  small  losses  in  the  Grove  City 
community. 

8266°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  139,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Dairymen  and  extension  workers  interested  in  disease  control  will 
find  in  the  exhibit  specimens  of  actual  tissues,  showing  lesions  caused 
by  various  diseases,  especially  tuberculosis  and  abortion.  A study 
of  the  models  of  carcasses  of  two  cows — one  in  which  the  organs  are 
normal  and  one  in  which  the  organs  and  glands  are  affected  with 
tuberculosis — will  give  a concrete  idea  of  the  nature  of  the  disease. 

Charts  showing  progress  of  disease-control  work  with  Texas  fever, 
scabies,  foot-and-mouth  disease,  tuberculosis,  and  other  disorders, 
will  he  found  in  the  exhibit,  as  well  as  photographs  and  charts  of 
diseased  herds  and  a record  of  the  work  in  local  areas. 

“BETTER  SIRES— BETTER  STOCK.” 

Among  the  exhibits  showing  Government  activities  in  behalf  of 
better  livestock  and  community  development  is  a booth  explaining 
the  N ation-wide  “ Better  Sires — Better  Stock”  movement.  Features 
of  this  exhibit  are  three  wheels  of  chance  which  visitors  will  be  in- 
vited to  spin.  These  wheels  show  with  mathematical  certainty  why 
the  user  of  scrub  bulls  obtains  calves  of  inferior  quality,  while  the 
wiser  breeder  who  uses  purebred  bulls  reaps  the  rich  reward  of 
proper  selection.  But  unlike  the  games  of  chance  which  leave  the 
visitor  poorer  though  wiser,  the  Government  wheels  enable  him  to 
depart  richer  in  breeding  information. 

A series  of  pictures,  under  the  title  “ Bankrupts  of  Nature,”  is 
another  part  of  the  “ Better  Sires — Better  Stock”  exhibit.  The  pic- 
tures, with  explanations,  show  prehistoric  animals  which  were  unable 
to  survive  the  competition  of  other  animals  or  to  satisfy  human  needs. 
As  a result  these  animals  have  become  extinct.  Scrub  bulls  are  in- 
cluded in  the  group  as  the  next  class  of  livestock  to  become  a bank- 
rupt of  nature.  Still  another  group  of  pictures  illustrates  graphically 
how  and  why  a well-bred  productive  cow  is  foster  mother  of  more 
babies  than  an  inferior  scrub  cow. 

Although  dairy  cattle  will  be  given  prominence  at  the  “Better 
Sires — Better  Stock”  booth,  the  principles  of  breeding  illustrated 
apply  equally  well  to  other  kinds  of  livestock.  Besides  being  of 
value  to  breeders  and  persons  interested  in  developing  dairy  herds, 
the  better-sires  exhibit  includes  suggestions  to  county  agents  and 
extension  workers  seeking  effective  means  of  improving  livestock  in 
their  communities. 


COST  OF  MILK  PRODUCTION. 

Consumers  and  others  often  think  that  the  farmer  is  getting  too 
much  for  his  milk.  The  only  way  to  settle  the  question  is  to  have 
definite,  concise  figures  on  the  cost  of  producing  milk  in  each  com- 
munity. The  Dairy  Division  has  organized  community  groups  in 
7 States  for  this  purpose.  Each  group  consists  of  about  20  repre- 


11 


Government  Exhibit  at  i9M  National  Dairy  Show. 

sentative  dairy  farms,  with  a supervisor  in  charge.  Cost  items  are 
collected  in  terms  of  quantity  rather  than  price,  wherever  possible. 
Kesults  may  then  be  interpreted  at  any  time,  using  prevailing  prices. 

Data  from  four  of  the  States  studied — Indiana,  Vermont,  North 
Carolina,  and  Washington — will  be  available  at  the  exhibit.  These 
data  include  the  requirements  for  producing  100  pounds  of  milk, 
requirements  for  keeping  a cow  one  year,  cost  of  keeping  a bull,  and 
other  useful  information. 

A market  milk  specialist  will  be  in  charge  of  the  exhibit  to  answer 
questions. 

MINERAL  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  MILK  PRODUCTION. 

In  order  to  produce  milk  liberally  cows  must  have  a variety  of 
chemical  compounds  in  their  feed,  in  sufficient  quantity.  If  any  one 
of  these  compounds  is  not  supplied  in  sufficient  quantity,  the  amount 
of  milk  given  will  be  limited  sooner  or  later  by  the  amount  of  that 
compound  in  the  feed,  no  matter  how  liberally  all  the  other  elements 
are  supplied.  The  milk  yields  may  not  be  immediately  reduced  by 
the  lack  of  some  necessary  element  in  the  feed,  because  for  a time 
the  cow  may  be  able  to  supply  the  element  in  question  from  the 
substance  of  her  own  body. 

An  exhibit  on  this  important  subject  shows  that  even  when  cows 
receive  as  much  protein  and  total  nutrient  as  is  required  by  the 
feeding  standards  their  milk  yield  may  gradually  decrease  until 
after  several  years,  it  is  less  than  half  of  what  it  might  be. 

But  the  yields  of  cows  so  fed  for  some  years  may  be  increased 
by  feeding  sodium  phosphate  during  their  dry  periods.  These  results 
indicate  that  the  elements  most  likely  to  be  insufficient  in  the  ordinary 
dairy  rations  are  the  bone-building  elements,  calcium  and  phosphorus. 

Persons  interested  m increasing  the  milk  production  of  their  cows 
will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  visit  this  booth. 

THE  BANK  IN  THE  DAIRY  COMMUNITY. 

The  activity  of  a national  bank  of  Grove  City  in  the  development 
ot  dairy  enterprise  in  its  community  has  been  to  make  working 
capital  immediately  and  easily  available  to  the  farmer. 

thf  1S  t,lle  functl0n  of  any  bank  alert  to  its  opportunities, 
the  bank  referred  to  has  conducted  a systematic  campaign  to 
cultivate  among  its  patrons,  especially  dairy  farmers,  the  habit  of 
getting  the  best. 

The  bank  was  not  content  with  the  mere  furnishing  of  funds  at 
current  rates,  for  the  purchase  of  improved  stock.  Its  officers  have 
personally  interested  themselves  in  the  purchase  and  distribution  of 
purebred  animals  and  have  cooperated  with  the  dairy  husbandman 
connected  with  the  creamery  in  many  other  lines  of  dairy-develop- 


12  Department  Circular  i39,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

ment  work,  thus  making  the  service  of  the  bank,  instead  of  coldly 
commercial  and  financial,  a vitally -helpful  ministry. 

In  the  bank  booth  will  be  found  a representative  of  the  bank,  who 
will  be  glad  to  discuss  how  other  banks  may  aid  in  developing  dairy 
communities.  The  following  activities  have  featured  the  work  in 
Grove  City.  They  are  applicable  to  other  communities. 

Purebred  importations. — Since  1916  the  bank  has  assisted  in  the 
purchase  and  distribution,  among  farmer  patrons  of  the  creamery, 
of  12  carloads  of  purebred  tuberculin-tested  dairy  cattle.  In  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  Grove  City  there  are  now  more  than  250 
farmers  owning  one  or  more  purebred  dairy  animals. 

Boys'  and  girls'  clubs.— Several  carloads  of  purebred  heifers  were 
distributed  to  boys  and  girls  of  the  community,  the  bank  accepting 
in  payment  renewable  notes. 

Breeders'  associations. — Three  breeders'  associations  were  organized 
in  the  community  with  the  cooperation  of  the  officers  of  the  bank. 
The  bank  has  financed  the  somewhat  extensive  purchase  of  the  best 
available  bulls. 

Accredited-Herd  Association. — One  of  the  most  effective  organiza- 
tions which  the  bank  has  cooperated  in  organizing  is  the  accredited- 
herd  and  sales  association.  The  herds  of  all  members  are  tested 
for  tuberculosis  and  accredited  accordingly,  and  the  member  herds 
make  up  more  than  one-half  of  all  the  accredited  herds  in  the  State. 

Dairy  stock  slow.— The  bank  for  the  last  five  years  has  provided 
the  prizes  for  the  annual  Grove  City  Dairy  Stock  Show,  and  its 
officers  have  been  active  in  making  the  show  the  dairy  event  in  that 
section  of  Pennsylvania. 

Thrift  clubs. — The  bank  has  organized  thrift  clubs  among  the 
school  children  in  a number  of  country  districts.  The  members  of 
these  clubs  receive  personal  instruction  from  officers  of  the  bank 
in  the  processes  of  banking. 

The  Grove  City  National. — For  more  than  three  years  the  bank 
has  been  publishing  a monthly  paper,  The  Grove  City  National, 
devoted  entirely  to  subjects  of  agricultural  and  particularly  of  dairy 
interest.  In  addition  there  are  selected  editorials,  the  monthly 
creamery  report,  the  detailed  report  of  the  Grove  City  Cow-Testing 
Association,  the  sales  list  of  the  Accredited-Herd  Association,  and  a 
classified  list  of  farm  products,  animals,  and  equipment  for  local 
sale  or  exchange.  No  charge  is  made  for  these  notices,  and  the 
paper  is  sent  free  to  every  farmer  in  the  community  and  to  others 
who  wish  to  receive  it. 


13 


Government  Exhibit  at  1920  National  Dairy  Show. 

THE  MILK-UTILIZATION  EXHIBIT. 

In  many  communities  there  is  need  of  increased  consumption  of 
milk  as  a means  of  combating  undernourishment  and  improving 
health,  especiahy  among  children.  Community  milk  campaigns 
have  been  especially  effective  for  this  purpose,  and  many  of  the  more 
progressive  cities  and  communities,  including  Boston,  Detroit, 
Pittsburgh,  Seattle,  Spokane,  and  others,  have  already  held  successful 


of  a milk  campaign;  drinking  milk  for  health  and  mental  alertness  at  a public  school. 

campaigns.  An  exhibit  on  this  subject  shows  just  how  the  urban 
and  rural  campaigns  are  organized  and  what  they  can  accomplish 
toward  increasing  the  use  of  milk  in  the  home,  particularly  by 
children.  This  is  stated  in  terms  of  improved  health,  conduct,  and 
scholarship. 

Milk-feeding  demonstrations  with  children  will  be  featured  each 
day*  These  will  show  how  to  conduct  such  demonstrations  in  the 
public  schools  as  well  as  in  the  home.  The  increase  in  weight  of 
undernourished  children,  when  a pint  or  a quart  of  milk  is  given 


14  Department  Circular  139,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture . 

each  one  in  addition  to  the  regular  diet,  is  illustrated  by  charts 
prepared  from  actual  tests. 

What  have  the  milk  campaigns  done  toward  utilizing  supplies  of 
whole  milk  as  such  ? The  answer,  given  in  terms  of  quarts  of  milk  and 
their  value,  is  a surprise  for  those  not  familiar  with  the  work. 

Another  interesting  part  of  the  exhibit  shows  milk  posters  prepared 
by  school  children,  and  also  some  of  the  prize-winning  essays  entered 
in  the  contests. 

A second  exhibit  is  interesting  not  only  because  it  drives  home 
the  point  that  milk  makes  for  improved  health,  but  because  the  idea 
came  from  a poster  prepared  by  a fifth-grade  schoolboy  in  one  of 
the  poster  contests.  A “Fort  of  111  Health”  is  being  demolished 
by  milk-bottle  shells,  milk-bottle  bombs,  and  milk-bottle  soldiers. 

How  community  health  has  improved  because  of  an  increased 
use  of  milk  is  illustrated  with  charts.  The  value  of  milk  as  a food 
is  emphasized  by  showing  its  unexcelled  protein  efficiency,  its  lime 
efficiency,  and  the  value  of  butterfat  for  growth  and  health. 

Is  there  a need  for  a milk  campaign  in  your  community?  Visit 
this  exhibit  and  talk  with  the  milk-utilization  specialist  in  charge. 
Consumers,  dairymen,  and  extension  workers  especially,  will  obtain 
valuable  information  and  suggestions. 

DAIRY-STATISTICS  EXHIBIT. 

Dairy  statistics  not  only  show  what  has  happened  in  the  past, 
but  by  indicating  the  trend  of  the  industry  they  also  throw  some 
light  on  the  future.  The  successes  or  failures  of  dairy  enterprises 
throughout  the  world  are*written  in  the  dairy  statistics  of  each  coun- 
try, and  the  facts  represented  here  become  interesting  when  a new 
enterprise  is  to  be  begun  or  a campaign  launched,  whether  in  a 
community,  in  a State,  or  in  an  entire  country. 

In  the  exhibit  of  dairy  statistics  will  be  found  simple  charts  indi- 
cating the  progress,  trend,  and  development  of  dairying  in  the 
United  States  and  other  countries.  The  war’s  effect  on  dairying 
throughout  the  world,  as  well  as  the  extent  to  which  the  countries 
have  been  able  to  “come  back,”  is  shown. 

Look  over  the  following  questions.  If  you  can  not  answer  them 
you  will  do  well  to  stop  at  the  statistics  booth  and  obtain  the  latest 
figures  compiled  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

How  many  cows  are  there  m the  United  States  ? 

What  is  the  average  annual  production  of  milk  per  cow  ? 

How  do  our  cows  compare  in  production  with  those  of  other 

countries  ? .. 

How  much  butter,  cheese,  condensed  milk,  etc.,  are  we  producing? 

How  much  butter,  cheese,  etc.,  are  we  exporting?  Importing? 


15 


Government  Exhibit  at  1920  National  Dairy  Show. 

How  much  of  each  of  these  products  is  consumed  per  capita  in 
the  United  States  ? 

What  is  the  per  capita  consumption  of  butter  and  cheese  in  other 
countries  ? 

These  last  two  questions  are  answered  in  a striking  way  through 
the  use  of  models  showing  the  exact  quantities  of  butter  and  cheese 
consumed  each  year  per  capita  in  the  different  countries,  as  well  as 
the  per  capita  consumption  of  all  dairy  products  in  the  United  States. 

FORAGE-CROP  EXHIBIT. 

Successful  dairying  in  any  community  is  so  dependent  upon  an 
all-year  supply  of  highly  nutritious  succulent  feed,  green  or  silage, 
and  properly  maintained  meadows  and  pastures,  that  no  efforts  are 
spared  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  in  its  search  for  and  study 
of  such  crops  as  will  best  serve  the  dairymen  in  all  sections  of  the 
United  States. 

The  Office  of  Forage  Crop  Investigations  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant 
Industry  presents  in  a series  of  transparent  colored  photographs  an 
instructive  and  attractive  exhibit  illustrating  the  value  and  utiliza- 
tion of  important  forage  crops  in  various  sections  of  the  United  States. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  among  the  many  forage  crops  introduced 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  such  excellent  examples  as  Peru- 
vian and  Arabian  alfalfas,  numerous  superior  soy-bean  varieties, 
purple  vetch,  Chinese  and  Yokohama  velvet  bean;  Early  buff^ 
Groit,  and  Brabham  cowpeas;  Sudan,  Rhodes,  and  other  valuable 
grasses,  feterita,  Honey,  Red  Amber,  Pink  Kafir,  and  other  sor- 
ghums, Siberian  and  Kursk  millets;  and  a host  of  other  valuable 
forage  plants. 

MARKETING  DAIRY  PRODUCTS. 

Accounting  methods  in  dairy  marketing  organizations. — The  efficient 
manager  of  a dairy  establishment  should  know  at  all  times  not  only 
the  true  condition  of  the  business  as  a whole,  but  also  which  depart- 
ments are  conducted  at  a profit  and  which  at  a loss. 

The  true  condition  of  the  business  is  reflected  in  a proper  system  of 
accounting.  It  is  the  aim  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets  to  make  it3  work 
specifically  helpful  to  organizations  marketing  farm  products. 

Extensive  studies  of  accounting  requirements  for  creameries  and 
milk  plants  and  the  cost  of  marketing  milk  are  now  being  made,  with  a 
view  to  effecting  more  economical  methods.  Bulletins  describing 
systems  of  accounting  are  available  for  free  distribution. 

The  accountant  in  charge  of  the  booth  will  furnish  interested  per- 
sons with  any  additional  information  regarding  the  assistance  that 
the  Bureau  of  Markets  renders  to  dairy  manufacturing  and  marketing 
concerns.  & 


16  Department  Circular  139,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Market  reports  on  dairy  products. — Telegraphic  connections  with 
the  Chicago  office  of  the  bureau  (Room  516,  City  Hall  Square  Build- 
ing, 139  North  Clark  Street),  which  in  turn  is  connected  by  leased 
telegraph  wires  with  the  other  eastern  offices,  enable  reports  from  all 
the  markets  to  be  available  in  the  bureau’s  booth  at  the  Dairy  Show. 

The  attendant  at  the  booth  will  be  glad  to  furnish  interested  per- 
sons with  any  additional  information  desired  regarding  the  market 
reports  on  dairy  products  or  other  lines  of  dairy  marketing  work 
conducted  by  the  Bureau  of  Markets. 

Market  inspection  of  dairy  products. — A market  inspection  service 
on  butter  is  provided  by  the  Bureau  of  Markets  at  Boston,  Chicago, 
New  York,  and  Philadelphia.  On  application,  the  inspectors  at 
those  markets  will  certify  as  to  the  quality  and  condition  of  butter 
received  in  interstate  commerce.  This  service  has  been  very  widely 
used  by  both  shippers  and  receivers.  The  attendant  in  charge  will 
furnish  additional  information  regarding  this  service  to  those  inter- 
ested. He  will  also  demonstrate  the  methods  of  butter  inspection, 
using  samples  of  butter  on  exhibit  for  that  purpose. 

Dairy  marketing  statistics. — The  question  is  often  asked  by  pro- 
ducers, manufacturers,  and  distributors,  “ Where  can  we  obtain 
dependable  market  information  on  the  dairy  industry  ? ’ ’ The  Bureau 
of  Markets  through  its  market-news  service  on  dairy  products  com- 
piles the  essential  data  and  information,  and  is  now  in  position  to 
place  this  information  in  the  hands  of  interested  persons.  Reports 
on  the  amounts  of  different  kinds  of  dairy  products  manufactured  are 
received  from  more  than  10,000  firms  representing  about  95  per  cent 
of  the  total  production.  From  this  and  other  sources  data  are  com- 
piled and  such  information  as  total  production,  stocks  in  storage, 
receipts  at  terminal  wholesale  markets,  exports,  imports,  prices,  etc., 
are  available  and  will  be  furnished  to  any  one  making  request  for  them. 

Sample  reports,  charts,  graphs,  and  other  information  comprise  a 
part  of  the  exhibit.  Leave  your  name  and  address  with  the  repre- 
sentative in  charge  for  any  information  desired. 

Cooperative  purchasing  and  marketing. — During  recent  years  there 
has  been  a rapid  development  and  a largely  increased  interest  in 
cooperative  organizations  among  farmers.  The  exhibit  relating  to 
cooperative  marketing  will  give  visitors  timely  information  regarding 
the  organization  of  cooperative  marketing  associations. 

The  exhibit  consists  of  charts  and  maps  which  place  emphasis  on 
points  of  importance  in  organizing  cooperative  marketing  enterprises. 
These  charts  show  some  of  the  accomplishments  of  cooperative  mar- 
keting, essential  features  of  good  organization,  and  requirements  for 
success  in  cooperative  marketing  enterprises. 


BANKRUPTS  OF  NATURE 


They  couldn't  stand  competition 
or  meet  human  requirements. 


■ ■ . 

The  Dodo  - long  extinct 


Dinosaur  - long  extinct 


Should  be  extinct  in  the 
United  States  about  1925. 
Variety  - Bologna,  (taurus) 
Replaced  by  good  purebieds. 

••  ^ ‘ ’•  *'V. 


Mam  mom 


Plesiosaurus  -tong  extinct 


Useless  Animals  in  Time  Become  Extinct 

Have  you  any  of  these  on  your  farm  9 

" Bettei  Sires  ~ Better  Stock 


Fig.  4.— Facsimile  of  one  of  the  charts  in  the  “Better  Sires-Better  Stock”  booth. 

17 

WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1020 


STATISTICS  OF 

COOPERATIVE  EXTENSION  WORK 

1920-21 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  140 


Contribution  from  the  States  Relations  Service 
A.  C.  TRUE,  Director 


Washington,  D.  C. 


November,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1920 


STATISTICS  OF  COOPERATIVE  EXTENSION  WORK, 

1920-21. 


This  circular  summarizes  statistics  relating  to  sources,  amounts, 
and  project  allotment  of  funds  used  and  number  and  distribution 
of  persons  employed  by  the  State  agricultural  colleges  receiving 
the  benefits  of  the  act  of  Congress  of  May  8,  1914  (Smith-Lever  Act), 
providing  for  the  extension  work  in  agriculture  and  home  economics 
in  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
These  statistics  have  been  compiled  in  part  from  the  budget  state- 
ments in  which  the  State  agricultural  colleges  have  outlined  their 
plan  of  work  and  in  part  from  records  on  file  in  the  States  Relations 
Service. 

Table  I. — Maximum  amounts  of  Federal  funds  which  each  State  1 is  eligible  to  receive 
under  the  cooperative  extension  act.2 


State. 

Fiscal  year 
1915-16. 

Fiscal  year 
1916-17. 

Fiscal  year 
1917-18. 

Fiscal  year 
1918-19. 

Fiscal  year 
1919-20. 

Fiscal  vear 
1920-21. 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware ’ . . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine..  

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire . . 
New  Jersey. . . 

New  Mexico .... 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota.. . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania . . . 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina... 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia. 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

$31,491.82 
11.715. 47 
26;  678.  41 
21  037.45 
14,792.62 
11,397.  20 
11,279. 51 
16,486.  94 
35, 173.  47 
13, 108.  84 
36, 282.  20 
28,931.02 

28. 781. 18 

24.555.45 

31.088.17 
24,102.11 
14,388.28 
17, 746.  73 
12,930.75 
28,032.37 
24, 898. 99 

29.329.35 

33.034.17 
12,950.  01 
20, 715.  89 
10, 832. 94 

12. 133. 46 
17, 659. 22 
13, 413. 20 

33.442.72 
32, 952.  65 

16. 247. 19 

35.556.54 
26, 255. 69 

14. 446. 36 

46.893.54 
10, 218. 31 
25, 691. 15 
16.166.89 
31,201.01 
45,969.  67 
12.436.74 
12;  273.  77 
29, 271.96 
16,522.  46 

22.071.73 
26, 164.  99 
11,249.  20 

$49, 401. 67 
13, 145.  03 
40,577.  08 

30. 235. 33 
18, 786. 47 

12.561.53 
12,345  76 
21,892.73 
56,151.36 
15,699  54 

58. 184. 03 
44, 706. 87 
44,432.16 
36,685. 00 
48, 661.  65 
35, 853.  87 

18. 045.18 

24. 202. 34 

15.373.04 

43.059. 35 
37,314.81 
45,437.14 

52.229.32 

15.408.35 
29, 645. 80 
11,527.06 

13.911.34 
24,041.91 

16.257.54 

52.978.32 
52,079.  86 

21.453.18 

56. 853. 66 

39. 802. 10 

18.151.66 

77.638.33 
10,400.24 

38.767.11 
21,305.96 
48,868.52 
75, 944. 39 

14. 467.35 
14, 168. 57 
45,331.93 
21,957.84 
32,131  50 
39,635.  81 
12, 290.  20 

$67,311.52 
14,574. 59 
54,475.75 
39,433.21 

22. 780.32 
13,725.  86 
13, 412. 01 
27,298. 52 
77, 129.  25 
18, 290.  24 
80, 085.  86 
60, 482.  72 
60,083.14 
48, 814.  55 
66, 235. 13 
47, 605.  63 
21,702. 08 

30.657. 95 

17. 815. 33 

58.086. 33 
49, 730.  63 
61,544.93 
71,424.47 
17, 866.  69 
38,575.  71 
12,221.18 
15, 689.  22 
30,424.  60 
19, 101.  88 
72,513.92 

71. 207. 07 

26.659.17 
78, 150. 78 
53,348. 51 

21.856. 96 
108,383.33 

10.582.17 

51.843.07 

26. 445. 03 

66.536.03 
105,919.11 

16.497. 96 
16,063.37 
61,391.90 
27,393.22 
42, 191.  27 
53, 106.  63 
13,331.20 

$85, 221.37 
16,004. 15 
68,374.42 
48, 631.  09 
26, 774. 17 
14, 890. 19 
14, 478.  26 

32. 704. 31 
98,107.14 
20, 880. 94 

101,987.  69 

76. 258. 57 
75, 734. 12 

60. 944. 10 
83, 808.  61 
59,357. 39 
25,358. 98 
37,113  56 
20, 257.  62 

73.113.31 
62, 146.  45 
77, 652.  72 

90. 619. 62 

20. 325. 03 

47. 505. 62 
12,915.30 

17.467.10 
36, 807. 29 
21,946. 22 
92,049. 52 
90, 334. 28 

31.865.16 
99,447.  90 
66, 894. 92 
25,562.  26 

139, 128. 12 

10. 764. 10 
64, 919.  03 

31.584.10 
84,203.54 

135, 893.  83 

18.528.57 

17.958.17 
77,451.87 
32, 828. 60 

52.251.04 
66, 577.  45 
14,372.  20 

$103, 131. 22 
17,433.71 
82, 273.  09 

57. 828. 97 
30, 768.  02 

16.054. 52 
15,544.  51 

38.110. 10 

119.085.03 
23,471.64 

123, 889. 52 
92,034.  42 

91.385.10 
73,073.  65 

101,382.09 

71. 109. 15 
29,015.  88 

43.569.17 
22,699. 91 
88, 140.  29 
74,562.  27 
93,760. 51 

109,  814.  77 
22,783.37  j 

56.435.53 
13, 609.  42 

19. 244. 98 
43, 189.  98 
24, 790. 56 

111,585.12 

109,461.49 

37.071.15 
120, 745. 02 

80, 441. 33 
29, 267.  56 
169, 872.  91 

10.946.03 

77.994. 99 

36.723.17 
101,871.05 
165, 868.  55 

20.559. 18 
19, 852.  97 
93,511.84 
38, 263.  98 
62,310.  81 
80, 048.  27 
15,413.20 

$121,041.07 
18,863  27 
96, 171.  76 

67.026.85 
34,761.87 

17.218.85 
16, 610.  76 

43.515.89 
140, 062.  92 

26,062  34 
145, 791. 35 
107, 810.  27 
107,036.  08 
85, 203.  20 
118, 955.  57 
82, 860. 91 
32,672.  78 
50,024.  78 
25, 142.  20 
103,167.  27 
86,978.  09 
109, 868. 30 
129, 009. 92 
25,241.71 
65,365. 44 
14,303.54 

21.022.86 
49,572.  67 

27.634. 90 
131, 120.  72 
128, 588.  70 

42,277. 14 
142, 042. 14 
93,987. 74 
32,972.  86 
200, 617.  70 
11, 127.  96 
91,070.95' 
41,862. 24 
119,538.  56 
195, 843.  27 
22,589.79 
21,747. 77 
109,571.81 
43, 699. 36 
72, 370. 58 
93,519.09 
16.454.  20 

Total 

1,080,000.00 

1,580,000.00 

2, 080, 000. 00 

2,580,000.  00 

3, 080, 000. 00 

3,580,000.  00 

1 1?  121L15j  the  amount  of  S10.000  was  allotted  to  each  State. 

2 Each  State  must  duplicate  all  Federal  money  above  $10,000  per  year.  3 


4 Department  Circular  140,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


Table  II. — Sources  of  offset  to  Federal  Smith-Lever  funds , 1919-20  and  1920-21,  and 
* Federal  supplementary  extension  funds,  1919-20  and  1920-21. 


State.  Total. 


Alabama: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Arizona: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Arkansas: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

California: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Colorado: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Connecticut: 

1919  20 

Supplementary. 

1920-21 

Supplementary. 

Delaware: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Florida: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Georgia: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Idaho: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Illinois: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Indiana: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Iowa: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Kansas: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Kentucky: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Louisiana: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Maine: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 


$93, 131. 22 
53, 729. 55 
111,041.07 

53. 729.55 

7, 433. 71 
4, 288. 68 

8. 863.27 
4,288. 68 

72.273. 09 
41, 696. 01 
86, 171. 76 

41. 696. 01 

47,828.97 
27,593.  64 
57,026. 85 

27.593. 64 

20. 768. 02 

11. 981.55 

24. 761. 87 

11.981.55 

6, 054. 52 
3, 492. 99 
7,218.85 
3,492. 99 

5,544. 51 
3, 198.  75 
6, 610. 76 
3, 198.  75 

28. 110. 10 
16, 217. 37 
33, 515.  89 
16, 217. 37 

109, 085. 03 
62, 933. 67 
130, 062. 92 
62, 933. 67 

13.471.64 
7,  772. 10 

16,062.34 
7, 772. 10 

113,889. 52 
65, 705. 49 
135, 791.  35 
65, 705. 49 

82, 034.  42 

47.327. 55 

97. 810. 27 
47,327.55 

81,385. 10 
46, 952. 94 
97, 036.  08 
46,952.  94 

63.073.65 

36. 388. 65 
75, 203.  20 
36,388.65 

91,382. 09 
52, 720.  44 
108, 955. 57 
52, 720. 44 

61, 109. 15 

35.255.28 
72, 860.  91 
35,255. 28 

19.015.88 
10,970. 70 
22, 672. 78 
10, 970. 70 


State. 

County. 

College. 

Local. 

$92, 500. 00 
20,000.00 
92, 139. 83 
35, 729. 55 

7,433.71 
4,288. 68 
8,863. 27 
4,288. 68 

72,273. 09 

$631.32 
33, 729. 55 
18,901.  24 
18,000.00 

41,696.01 

86, 171.  76 

41,696. 01 

47, 828. 97 
27,593.  64 
57,026.85 
27,593. 64 

20,768. 02 
4,046. 00 
24, 761. 87 
4, 781. 55 

6,054. 52 
3, 492. 99 
7,218.  85 
3,492.99 

5,544.51 

7, 935. 55 

$7, 200 

$3, 198. 75 

6,610. 76 

3, 198. 75 

28, 110. 10 
16, 217. 37 
33,515. 89 

16,217.37 

109, 085. 03 

62, 933. 67 

130, 062. 92 

62,933. 67 

13,471.64 
7, 772. 10 
16,062. 34 
7,772. 10 

83,400.00 

30,489. 52 
65, 705. 49 
54, 191. 35 
65,705.49 

81,600.00 

82, 034.  42 
47, 327. 55 
80, 000. 00 

17, 810. 27 
47,327.55 

81,385.10 
4, 650. 00 
18,036. 08 

42, 302. 94 
79, 000. 00 
46,952.  94 

63,073.65 

36,388.65 

75,203.20 

36,388.65 

91,382.09 
2, 720.  44 
108,955.57 

50,000.00 

52,720.44 

12, 609. 15 
35, 255. 28 
30, 000. 00 
35, 255.  28 

48,500.00 

40, 460. 91 

2, 400. 00 

19,015. 88 
10, 970. 70 
22,672.  78 

10,970. 70 

5 


Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1920—1921. 


Table  II.— Sources  of  offset  to  Federal  Smith-Lever  funds , 1919-20  and  1920-21  and 
federal  supplementary  extension funds , 1919-20  and  1020-21— Continued . ’ 


State. 

Total. 

State. 

County. 

College. 

Local. 

Maryland: 

1919-20 

- $33, 569. 17 

$33,569.17 
i 19, 366. 83 

i 40, 024.  78 

! 19, 366.  83 

12, 699. 91 
7, 326. 87 
15, 142. 20 

1920-21 

19, 366. 83 

Supplementary 

Massachusetts: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary 

1920- 21 

19, 366.  83 

12,699.91 
7, 326.  87 

- 142.  20 

Michigan: 

1919-20 

Supplementary 

1Q9W-91 

7, 326.  87 

78. 140. 29 
45, 080.  94 
93, 167. 27 
45, 080. 94 

64, 562.  27 
37,247. 46 
76,978.  09 
37,247.46 

83,760. 51 
48,323.37 

99.868.30 

48.323. 37 

99,814. 77 
57,585.  45 
119,009.  92 
57, 585. 45 

12.783. 37 
7,375.  02 

15,241.71 

7.375.02 

46,435.53 
26,789. 73 
55,365. 44 
26,789.73 

3, 609.42 

2.082. 36 
4,303.  54 

2.082. 36 

9,244.  98 
5,333.  64 
11,022.  86 
5,333. 64 

33,189.  98 
19, 148.  07 
39,572.  67 
19, 148. 07 

14,790. 56 

8. 533. 02 
17,634. 90 

8,533.02 

101,585. 12 
58,606.80 
121,120.  72 
58,606.80 

99,461.49 

57,381.63 

118,588.70 

57,381.63 

27,071.15 
15,617. 97 
32,277.14 
15,617. 97 

110,745.02 
63,891.36  . 

$7,326.87 

78, 140. 29 

45,080.94 

93, 167. 27 

Minnesota: 

1919-20 

45,080.94 

Q7  947  JA 

64,562. 27 

1920-21 

Supplementary 

Mississippi: 

1919-20 

76,978. 09 
47,000.00 

- Oi  } • "±D 

. " "§7, "247." 46 

36,760. 51 
48,323.37 
3,668.  30 
48,323.37 

29,814. 77 
30,000. 00 

96,200. 00 

Missouri: 

1919-20 

Supplementary 

70,000.  00 

1920-21 

Supplementary 

Montana: 

1919-20 

70,000.00 

$27,585.  45 
49, 009.  92 
57,585.45 

12.783. 37 
7,375.02 
15,241.71 
7,375. 02 

1920-21 

Nebraska: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary 

1920- 21 

26,789.73 

26,789.73 

$46,435.53 

Supplementary 

55, 365. 44 

Nevada: 

1919-20 

SlTTYnl  Pm  Pntc»r\r 

3,609.42 
2,082. 36 

wuppiomcutcu  y _ _ 

1920-21 

Supplementary 

4,303.  54 
2,082. 36 

New  Hampshire: 

1919-20 

Supplementary 

9,244.98 

5 333.  64 

1920-21 

Supplementary 

11,022.86 

New  Jersey: 

1919-20 

Supplftm  pn  tary 

33,189.  98 
6, 810. 02 
39,572.  67 
19, 148. 07 

14,790. 56 
8,533.  02 
17,634. 90 

t)4 

1920-21 

12,338.05 

Snn^lPTnPTii'Qrv 

v-.  ____________ 

New  Mexico: 

1919-20 

SmmlPTnPTltaTTT 

kJUr  r 1 vlUOIl  tell  V ________ 

1920-21 

Supplementary 

New  York: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary 

1920- 21 

93,135.12 
56,750.  00 
6,000.00 
51,000.  00 

99,461.49  . 

8, 533. 02 
51,000. 00 

8,450.  00 
1,856.  80 
64,120.  72 
7, 606.  80 

Supplementary 

North  Carolina: 

1919-20 

Snnnlpmpn+orv 

1920-21 

30,000.  00 
118,588.  70 
30,000.  00 

27,071.15  . 

27,381.63  . 

SimnlPTYiPTifcirv 

yj. ldiiciitell  V-. _____________ 

North  Dakota: 

1919-20 

Supplementary 

27,381.63 

1920-21 

SllTVnl  Pm  pti  tet  vxr 

32,277. 14 
9,999.  86 

110,745.02  . 

15,617. 97 

J ur  t'l  vuiou  idi  <y_. ______ 

Ohio: 

1919-20 

Supplementary 

1920^21  

5,618.11  . 

63, 891. 36 

Supplementary 

132,042. 14 

AQ  Qfll  Qfi 

132,042.14  . 

Oklahoma: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary 

1920- 21  

DOjOUl.oD  - 

70,441.33 
40,639.23  . 

70,441.33  . 

63,891.36  . 

----- 

40,639.23  . 

Supplementary 

83, 987. 74 
40,639.23  . 

83,987.74  |. 

40,639.23  . 

6 Department  Circular  UO,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  II. — Sources  of  offset  to  Federal  Smith-Lever  funds,  1919-20  and  1920-21, 
Federal  supplementary  extension  funds,  1919-20  and  1920-21 — Continued. 


and 


State. 


Oregon: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Pennsylvania: 

191.9-20 

Supplementary. 

1920-21 

Supplementary. 
Rhode  Island: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary . 

1920- 21. 


Supplementary, 
ith  Carolina: 


South 

1919- 20 

Supplementary.  - 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. . 

South  Dakota: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. . 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. . 

Tennessee: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. . 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. . 

Texas: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. . 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. . 

Utah:  , 

1919- 20 ... 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Vermont: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Virginia: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Washington: 

1919- 20. 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

West  Virginia: 

1919- 20 :. 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Wisconsin: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 

Wyoming: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 


Total: 

1919- 20 

Supplementary. 

1920- 21 

Supplementary. 


Total. 


83,519.1 


State. 

County.  1 

College. 

Local. 

$19,267.56 

$11,115.90 

22,972.86 

11,115.90  . 
57, 500c  00 

102,372.91 

25,000.00 

190,617.70 

11,382.30 

9-16.03 

80,852.07 

$545  79 
1,127. 96 
545.79 

67,994.99 

39,227.88 

81,070.00 

39,227.88 

26,723. 17 
15,417. 21 
31,862.24 
15,417.21 

48.000. 00 
1,000. 00 

47.000. 00 

43,871.05 

37,865.00 

62,538.56 

53,002.53 

155,868.55 

89,924. 16 

185,843.27 

89,924.16 

10,559.18 

6,091.83 

12,589.79 

6,091.83 

9,852.97 

‘ 

5,684. 40 

11,747.77 

5,684.40 

83,511.84 

48,179.91 

99,571.81 

32,119.94 

28,263. 98 

16,059.97 

16,306. 14 

33,699. 36 

16,306. 14 
4,490.00 

47,820.81 
30,179. 31 
30,000.00 

32,370. 58 
30,179.31 

70,048.27 

30,412.46 
13,935. 22 

10,000.00 

i 69,583.87 

, 40,412.46 

l 5,413.20 

i 3,123.00 

1 6,454.20 

1 3,123.00 

) 2,328,948.25 

1 368,134.94 

> 2,560,255.95 

) 334,779.43 

185,676.70 
935,916. 48 
309,224.17 
1,021,295.93 

54,885.53 
18,086.99 
124,917. 66 
17.434.95 

$30,489.52 

96,489.69 

105,601.27 

126,489.69 

Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1920-1921.  7 

Table  III. — Sources  of  funds  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work , 1919-20 

and  1920-21. 


State. 


Alabama: 

1919- 20... 

1920- 21... 
Arizona: 

1919- 20... 

1920- 21... 
Arkansas: 

1919- 20... 

1920- 21... 
California: 

1919- 20... 

1920- 21... 
Colorado: 

1919- 20..., 

1920- 21..., 
Connecticut: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Delaware: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Florida: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Georgia: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Idaho: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Illinois: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Indiana: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Iowa: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Kansas: 

1919- 20.... 

1920- 21.... 
Kentucky: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Louisiana: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Maine: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Maryland: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Massachusetts: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Michigan: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Minnesota: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Mississippi: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 


United  States 
Department 
ol  Agricul- 
ture. 


Farm 

ers’ 

coop- 

erative 

dem- 

on- 

stra- 

tion 

work 


$35,000 

35.000 

12.300 

14. 100 

33. 000 

33.000 

20,400 

21.300 

21,600 

24,600 

19,201 

19,200 

8. 100 

6,600 

19.000 

19. 000 

40.000 
40,000 

20, 100 

24,900 


Other 

bu- 

reaus 


$10,260 

3,800 

25,000 

25,000 

14,780 
5, 100 


2,300 
2, 100 

7,800 

2,700 


5, 120 


17, 020 
6,980 

4,050 

10,680 


13.200 

12,000 

14. 400 

15. 000 

10,800 

11,466 

35.000 
35, 000 

35,000 

35.000 

19.200 

19.200 

15.000 

15. 000 

22,800 

23.400 

10,877 

11,490 

13.200 
14, 781 

35.000 
35,000 


7, 450 
3,720 

7,100 
6, 940 

5,000 

2,200 

3,600 


12, 931 
4,140 

1,000 


3,700 

1,500 

5,620 

1, 

4. 900 
5,280 

6.900 
2,800 

23,360 

8,930 


Smith-Lever. 

County 

. Other. 

Regular. 

Supplementary. 

Federal 

. State. 

Federal 

. State. 

State 

and 

col- 

lege. 

$103, 13 

$93, 13] 

L $53, 73( 

) $53, 73( 

) 

$20, 006 

) 

121,04 

111,04] 

L 53, 73C 

) 53, 73C 

) 

28, 091 

) $600 

17, 434 

7, 43*5 

t 4,282 

> 4.282 

1 .... 

12, 62  f 

> 41,115 

► 

18, 86C 

8, 86c 

i 4,282 

> 4, 289  $38. 711 

19, 722 

82, 27c 

72,272 

> 41,696 

i 41, 696 

118, 384 

96, 172 

86, 172 

! 41,696 

i 41, 696 

111,854 

57,828 

47, 828 

> 27, 594 

27,594 

68, 001 

120, 000 

1 

67, 027 

57,027 

27,594 

27, 594 

105, 868 

116,250 

30,768 

20,768 

11,982 

11,982 

12, 050 

51, 878 

34, 762 

24, 762 

11,982 

11,982 

10,000 

62, 600 

2, 400 

16,055 

6,055 

3,493 

3,493 

43, 420 

51, 090 

17, 282 

17, 219 

7,219 

3,493 

3, 493 

93, 754 

38,774 

15,544 

5,544 

3, 199 

3,199 

16,611 

6,611 

3,199 

3,191 

11,075 

4,706 

38, 110 

28, 110 

16,217 

16,217 

9,590 

51,040 

43, 516 

33,516 

16,217 

16,217 

1,100 

57,390 

5, 000 

119,085 

109,085 

62,934 

62,934 

67, 480 

600 

140, 063 

130,063 

62,934 

62,934 

110, 656 

32,500 

23, 472 

13, 472 

7,772 

7, 772 

109,200 

99, 291 

26,062 

16,062 

7,772 

7,772 

202,201 

137,532 

4,510 

123, 890 

113,890 

65, 705 

65,705 

174, 305 

145, 791 

135, 791 

65,705 

65,705 

8,000 

318, 405 

92,034 

82,034 

47,328 

47,328 

79, 183 

13  326 

107, 810 

97, 810 

47,328 

47, 328 

15, 180 

60, 670 

44’  100 

91,385 

81,385 

46,953 

46,953 

40,080 

224, 824 

187, 450 

107, 036 

97, 036 

46,953 

46, 953  : 

102,525 

168,267: 

294, 500 

73,074 

63,074 

36,389 

36,389 

50,485 

46,351 

85, 203 

75, 203 

36,389 

36,389 

37,018 

109, 144 

101,382 

91,382 

52,720 

52,720 

5,000 

1 000 

118,956 

108,956 

52,720 

52,720. 

5,’ 000 

71, 109 

61, 109 

35,255 

35,255 

31, 480 

82, 861 

72,861 

35,255 

35,255 

36,783 

3,200 

29,016 

19,016 

10,971 

10,971 

4,300. 

32, 673 

22, 673 

10,971 

10,971 

3,940 

802 

600 

43,569 

33, 569 

19,367 

19,367 

12,780 

41,753 

50, 025 

40, 025 

19,367 

19,367 

46,593 

15,500 

22, 700 

12, 700 

7,327 

7,327 

60,926 

163, 600 

25, 142 

15, 142 

7,327 

7,327 

83,687 

238,800  . 

88, 140 

78, 140 

45,081 

45,081 

11, 860 

93,284 

103, 167 

93, 167 

45,081 

45,081  . 

48, 999 

74,562 

64,562 

37,247 

37,247 

63,888 

121,283 

980 

86, 978 

76, 978 

37,248 

37,248 

39,022 

106, 618 

90,980 

93,761 

83,761 

48,323 

48,323  . 

95, 800 

5,400 

109,869 

99,869) 

48,323 

48,323  . 

1 40!  000  . 

Total. 


$368, 982 
407,041 

124, 486 
133, 837 

404, 102 
415,690 

369,247 
422, 660 

163, 328 
185, 188 

167,789 

185,852 

35, 586 
52,001 

183, 404 
191, 956 

479. 138 
586, 130 

285, 129 
437,491 

543, 495 
739,397 

381,881 

435,946 

740,  530 
885,210 

321,562 
393, 012 

342,804 

373,352 

282. 139 
305,355 

94, 474 
101, 830 

189, 105 
207,377 

303, 000 
402, 625 

377,363 

352,265 

419, 869 
492, 653 

433, 728 
490,314 


8 Department  Circular  140,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


Table  III. 


-Sources  of  funds  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work,  1919-20 
and  1920-21 — Continued. 


Smith-Lever. 

Regular. 

Supplementary. 

Federal. 

State. 

Federal. 

State. 

$109,815 

$99, 815 

$57,585 

$57,585  . 

129,010 

119,010 

57,585 

57,585. 

22,783 

12,783 

7,375 

7,375  J 

25,242 

15,242 

7,375 

7,375 

56, 436 

46, 436 

26, 790 

26, 790  . 

65,365 

55,365 

26, 790 

26,790 

13,609 

3,609 

2, 682 

2,082 

14,303 

4,303 

2,082 

2,082 

19,245 

9,245 

5,334 

5,334 

21,023 

11,023 

5,334! 

5,334 

43,190 

33, 190 

19,148* 

19, 148 

49,573 

39,573 

19, 148 

19,148 

24,791 

14,791 

8,533 

8,533 

27,635 

17,635 

8,533 

8,533 

111,585 

101,585 

58,607 

58, 607 

131, 121 

121,121. 

58,607 

58,607 

109,461 

99,461 

57,382 

57,382 

128,589 

118,589 

57,382 

| 57,382 

37,071 

27,071 

15,618 

15,618 

42,277 

32,277 

15,618 

15,618 

120, 745 

110,745 

63,891 

63,891 

142,042 

132,042 

63,891 

63,891 

80,441 

70,441 

40,639 

40,639 

93,988 

83,988 

40,639 

40,639 

29,267 

19,267 

11,116 

11,116 

32,973 

22,973 

11,115 

169,873 

159,873 

25,000 

25,000 

200,618 

190,618 

92,234 

92,234 

10,946 

946 

546 

546 

11,128 

1,128 

546 

546 

77,995 

67,995 

39,228 

39,228 

i 91,071 

81,071 

39,228 

39,228 

36,723 

26,723 

15,417 

15,417 

41,862 

31,862 

15,417 

15,417 

i 101,871 

91,871 

38,865 

38,865 

i 119,539 

109,539 

i 53,003 

53,003 

1 165, 869 

155,869 

i 89,924 

89, 924 

1 195,843 

185,843 

; 89,924 

89,924 

1 20,559 

10,559 

i 6,092 

6,092 

1 22,589 

12,589 

i 6,092 

6,092 

19, 853 

9,853 

5,684 

5,684 

21,748 

11,748 

5,684 

5,684 

i 93,512 

83,512 

^ 48, 180 

48, 180 

i 109,572 

99,572 

48,180 

48, 180 

State. 


United  States 
Department 
of  Agricul- 
ture. 


Farm- 

ers’ 

coop- 

erative 

dem- 

on- 

stra- 

tion 

work. 


Other 

bu- 

reaus. 


State 

and 

col- 

lege. 


County. 


Other. 


Total. 


Missouri: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Montana: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Nebraska: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Nevada: 

1919- 20 

1920- 2,1 

New  Hampshire: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

New  Jersey: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

New  Mexico: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

New  York: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

North  Carolina: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

North  Dakota: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Ohio: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Oklahoma: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Oregon: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Pennsylvania: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Rhode  Island: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

South  Carolina: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

South  Dakota: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Tennessee: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Texas: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Utah: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 

Vermont: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 i 

Virginia: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21 


$10, 800 
10, 800 

24,600 
24, 600 

12, 000 

11.400 

10,500 

11, 100 

16,  250 
19,200 

10,533 

15,016 

20, 119 
22,808 

11,700 

10,500 

35.000 

36.000 

20.400 
25,800 

8,400 

9,900 

34.000 
34,000 

20.400 

23.400 

4,260 


7,500 

7,500 

34.000 
32,800 

20,400 

23,220 

35.000 

35.000 

59.000 
59, 000 

21,600 

23,100 

18,600 


$7,080 

1,200 

27, 000 
3, 420 

3,650 

4,100 

1,500 


1,200 


3,300 

1,805 

1.500 

3.500 

19, 140 
20,420 

3,000 


3.800 
1,500 

3,860 
4, 

3,480 

4,980 

1.800 


1,000 


32.000 

32.0001 


$634 


$8, 400 
1,350 


69,585 


21,980 


26,067 


6,279 


28,940 

160, 780 
160,653 


134,801 

28,000 

29,000 

40,356 

37,959 


75.000 
94,500 

42,750 

80,505 

3,900 

12,600 

36,440 
38, 162 

70.000 
77,700 

51,391 

60,737 

297,226 

384,781 

51,518 

82,4501 

' 62,819 
81,782 


17,604 

17,700 


59,384' 

62,597  4,300 

45,881  11 

100,000  “ 


93,340 

1,200 


38,065 
64, 100 


750 

6,116 

7,300 

7.000 

35,584 

33,583 

2.000 

3,000 


10,930 

13,180 

48,450 

21,913 

18,600 


20,000 

72,920 


6,500 

8,500 

6,200 

2,188 

13,481 

57,820 

550 

94,538 

6,725 

81,665 

$351,714 
376, 540 

212,458 

247,339 

232,456 

292,295 

54,982 

72,537 

93,048 

100,076 

196,073 

226,437 

177,834 

180,601 

801,590 

970,290 

429,344 
635, 613 

209,597 

242,372 

X 

471,212 
518, 122 

327,781 
418,’  054 

205,631 

263.996 

386,946 

575,773 

37,234 

35,352 

294.997 
359,988 

251,527 

243,026 

322,082 

383.664 

699,644 

882,319 

160,932 

159.664 

97,187 

101,064 

337,670 

405,418 


Estimated,  budget  not  received. 


Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1920-1921 


Table  III. — Sources  of  funds  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work, 

and  1920-21 — Continued. 


United  States 
Department 

Smith-Lever. 

of  Agricul- 
ture. 

Regular. 

Supplementary. 

State. 

Farm- 

ers' 

coop- 

erative 

dem- 

on- 

stra- 

tion 

work. 

Other 

bu- 

reaus. 

Federal. 

State. 

Federal. 

State. 

Washington: 
1919-20. . . 

$21,600 

$9,020 

$38,264 

$28,264 

— 

$16,306 

$16,306 

1920-21... 

25,800 

43,699 

33,699 

16,306 

16, 306 

West  Virginia: 

1919-20... 

19,000 

3,600 

62,311 

52,311 

30,179 

30,179 

1920-21... 

19,000 

2,000 

72,371 

62,371 

30,179 

30,179 

Wisconsin: 

1919-20... 

8,100 

2,000 

80,048 

70,048 

40,412 

40,412 

1920-21... 

10,200 

2,000 

93,519 

83,519 

40,412 

40,412 

Wyoming: 

1919-20... 

15,900 

1,500 

15,413 

5,413 

3,123 

3,123 

1920-21... 

19,500 

16,454 

6,454 

3,123 

3,123 

Total: 

1919-20... 

984,780 

295,795 

3,080,000  2,600,000 

1,418,627 

1,418,627 

1920-21... 

1,006, 750^  174, 497|i 

3,580, 000^3, 100, 000^ 

1,500,000 

1,500,000 

State 

and 

col- 

lege. 

County. 

Other. 

$82,738 

99,734 

$24,482; 

$20,779 

39,000 

20,882 

39,059 

....... 

21,983 

25,002 

26,134 

66,457 

57,023 

27,060 

965,503 

2,994,031 

496,583 

1, 630, 980|3, 727, 031 

611,391 

9 


1919-20 


Total. 


$212,498 

260,026 

257,418 

255,100 

283,885 

295,064 

137,063 

132,737 

14,253,944 

16,830,649 


10298°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  1W,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  IV. — Total  of  funds  from  all  sources  for  cooperative  agricultural 


State. 


Ala.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Ariz.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Ark.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Calif.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Colo.: 

1919- 20. . 

1920- 21.. 
Conn.: 

1919- 20. .. 

1920- 21.. 
Del.: 

1919- 20. . 

1920- 21.. 
Fla.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Ga.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Idaho: 

1919- 20. . 

1920- 21.. 
111.: 

1919- 20. . 

1920- 21.. 
Ind.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Iowa: 

1919-20.. 
1920  21.. 
Hans.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Kv.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
La.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Me.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Md.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Mass.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Mich.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Minn.: 

1919- 20. . 

1920- 21.. 
Miss.: 

1919- 20. . 

1920- 21.. 
Mo.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Mont.: 

1919- 20. . 

1920- 21.. 
Nebr.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 


Total. 

Administration. 

Printing  and 
distribution  of 
publications. 

County  agent. 

$368,982 

$18,800 

$3, 800 

$186,452 

407,041 

18,510 

4,000 

208,310 

124,486 

9,888 

1,240 

32,436 

133,837 

8,744 

1,300 

35,802 

404, 102 

26,529 

4,046 

213,479 

415,690 

31, 181 

6,000 

200,965 

369, 247 

23,500 

239,390 

422,660 

28,300 

292,920 

163,328 

10,370 

100,020 

185, 188 

12,990 

1,200 

105, 864 

167, 789 

14,010 

1,040 

36,280 

185,852 

20,201 

42,300 

35,586 

52,001 

183,404 

6,706 

14,996 

10,205 

1,054 

12,900 
15,720  . 

77,470 

3,201 

191,956 

10,540 

3,696 

91, 137 

479, 138 

24,800 

11,000 

215, 898 

586, 130 

36, 100 

10,000 

272, 222 

285, 129 

19,540 

3,000 

128,580 

437,491 

31,260 

3,600 

154,365 

543,495 

15,995 

5,000 

404,600 

739,397 

15,247 

4,000 

569,250 

381,881 

16,304 

2,500 

259,357 

435,946 

15,755 

2,500 

302,568 

740,530 

47,540 

13,333 

479,227 

885,210 

30, 100 

11,400 

589,300 

321,562 

12,000 

1,200 

177,524 

393,012 

16,939 

222,550 

342,804 

31, 151 

4,000 

145,073 

373,352 

27,006 

6,000 

132,036 

282, 139 

14,520 

3,565 

151,994 

305, 355 

19,050 

5,000 

146,125 

94,474 

14,903 

1,200 

47,150 

101,830 

15,060 

800 

i 49,590 

189,105 

24,214 

3,500 

i 77,993 

207,377 

24,480 

4,500 

i 81,667 

303,000 

21,210 

3,900 

i 140,840 

402,625 

18,820 

4, 34C 

• 110,252 

377,363 

14,390 

202,167 

352, 265 

14,850 

3,000 

l 169,721 

419,869 

29,060 

3,500 

1 278,929 

492,653 

20,487 

6,840 

i 349, 20S 

433,728 

15,080 

5, 70C 

> 220,846 

490,314 

15,200 

7, 500 

1 224, 142 

351,714 

15,400 

6,000 

) 171,926 

376,540 

15,040 

6,520 

1 202,720 

212,458 

19,783 

1,500 

» 100,875 

247,339 

10,344 

3,500 

i 132,890 

232,456 

11,393 

2,000 

1 147,695 

292, 295 

15,945 

8,880 

1 159,440 

$91,331 
117, 271 

12, 243 
17,400 

125, 208 
133,844 

62,220 

62,588 

12,415 

13,280 

37,767 

37,651 

7,700 


$1,000 

l/~~ 


7,380 

1,500 


2,450 


67,725 

71,261 

143,520 

185,608 

42,420 

50,768 

74,500 

91,200 

20,510 

23,665 

71,954 

95,020 

34,670 

44,863 

92,000 

108,260 

63,628 

76,410 

15,211 

17,090 

43,418 

54,380 

51,210 


1,000 

8,500 


2,900 

1,200 


8,680 


14,993 

10,420 

4,000 

4,600 


$8,600 

4,930 

10, 10 

12,241 


$4, 080  $1,399 
1,700 


800 

800 


2,500 

500 


95,846  1,395 

48,925  3,400 

38,912 


44,340;  1,620 
49,880  940 

114,140  3,200 

137,042  .... 


62,578 

49,754 

47, 400 
39,050 

24,225 

30,500 


6,000 

9,300 


26,270 

27,880 

13,655 
23, 130 

29,230 

26,200 

5.000 
12,650 

14,383 

7,460 

13,940 

6.900 

50,550 

62,059 

15.000 
27,700 

20,460 

17,798 

25,800 

51,500 

16,061 

23,400 

15.900 
24,440 

10,740 

12,450 

6,990 

7.040 

7,600 

8.040 

27,290 

101,114 

3S, 850 
46,287 

15,830 

23,260 

20,972 

29.950 

24,180 

18,200 

6,700 

11.950 

17,730 
26, 120 


4,900 


3,000 

3,900 


3 

-i 

gS 

a 


$5, 240 


3,220 

5,400 


4,000 
4,  ' 

4, 
3,850 


$2, 800 
4,200 


$5,600 
3,f~~ 


$6,500 

4,500 


4,000  3,  ( 

8,500  5,250 


2,800 


2,600 


1,550 


4,420 

3,682 

6.500 

8, 100 

14,460 

17,100 

6,000 

7,100 

7.440 
12,600 

11,600 

14,900 

5,674 

7.600 

9,060 

13,200 

5.900 
6,840 

2,540 

1.850 

6,200 

3,800 

7,180 
6, 150 

6,535 

8.500 

2,700 

4.850 

9,820 

11.900 

11,880 

15.600 

2,300 

4,350 

3,110 

3.440 


200 

2,400 

2,700 


6,320 

7,680 

8,300 

13,340 

3,140 

3.400 

9.200 

9.400 

3,521 

4,760 

2.420 
2,720 

3.200 
3, 100 

6,320 

5,835 

5,835 

7,600 

4.420 
4,  S50 


9,400 

6,600 

7,320 

7,740 

5,200 

7,000 

10, 180 
11,580 

14,476 

12,200 

5,673 

6,800 

4,600 

12,100 

8,260 

7,040 


3,140 

3,400 

3,500 

5,390 
6, 718 

3,000 


3,  S00 

5,890 

8,350 

2,000 

3,900 

2,740 

7,140 


16,190 

12,970 

15,230! 

11,000! 

7,510 

6,940 

3,300 

4,230 

2,980 

2,840) 


Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1920-1921 


11 


extension  work  for  two  years  ending  June  30,  1921,  by  projects. 


$7, 350 
2,550 


$8,560 
4, 140 


$6,090 

6,970 


he 


$1,600 

1,060 


3,400 

4,380 


3, 190 
4,390 

3,100 

4,750 


1,900 

4.650 

937 

3.650 


. 

25  fe 

r-H  O 

o 

a S3 

■2'ftg 

d C3  o 

W 


$4,490 

2,900 


3,750 


2, 

2, 150 


gd 

d’S 

■3  2 

•c'l 

bO 

<J 


$3,600 

3,360 


P 

S3 

Sg 


3,700 

4,330 

8,300 

6,000 


Rural  organiza- 
tion 

Marketing. 

Exhibits  and 
fairs. 

Farmers’  insti- 
tutes. 

Correspondence 

courses. 

Miscellaneous 

specialists. 

Rodent  pests. 

) 

. $7, 80( 
10, 04( 

) 

. $5, 43( 
. 7,20( 

. 7,921 

> 

> ... 

) 

i 

. $15( 

151 

1 

) 

5 $50, 500 
, 50,820 

, 8,40C 
20, 92C 

) 

. 

1 

$2,50C 

) 

. 15,167 
3,972 

5, 168 
4,924 

6,602 

4,000 

1,289 

1,035 

10,810 

10,600 

12,000 

16,400 

t 

t 

' 1,500 
1,500 

1,000 

4,200 

13,500 

3.000 

5.000 

4,500 

4,314 

38,911 

34,860 

* 

5,220 

8,800 

8,100 

3,100 

$5,340 

5,580 

$17, 530 
20,090 

9,960 
8, 160 

9,311 

3,600 

4,300 

1,380 

1,900 

6,080 
10,  425 

7,935 

14,800 

3,000 

4,640 

5,090 

10,380 
3, 595 

11,441 

1,820 

2,400 

3, 900 

4,750 

500 

2,400 

3,050 

5.400  . 
21, 470  . 

4. 400 
8,  440  . 

5,500 

2,950 

2,  400  . 
5,200 

19, 190 
7,016  . 

10,000 

1,000 

700 

14, 400 

3,608  . 
8,500  . 

3,700 

4,500 


6,850 

5. 100 

4. 100 
3,000 

2, 900 
3,650 


700 


4,425 

11,940 

7,700 

7,900 

7,360 

9. 120 

18, 750 
14,300 

5,840 

7,150 

4. 120 
3,500 


6,680 

7,600 

3,900 

4,380 

3.500 

4.500 

8,620 

7,020 

9,250 
15, 100 

2,260 
1, 750 

4.700 

6.700 

8,200 

16,080 


2,500 


2,500 


$3,000 


3,558 


3,720 

11,850 


3,250 

1,400 


3, 100 
3, 440 

4,690 

5,065 

7,600 

18,075 

1,490 

1,400 


8. 150 
19,780 

3,000 

4. 150 

2, 400 
3,900 


3,300 

6,630 

3,800 

11,985 

13,785 

13,300 

1,410 

2,340 

5,600 
10, 750 

3,610 

4,325 


4,760 

6,400 


5,600 

6,840 


2,960 

3,060 

580 

780 


3,270 


2,400 

4,950 

2,407 

4,850 


2,500 

3,000 


5,060 

5,780 


5,800 

3, 120 
3, 


400 

425 


4,101 


3,700 

7,560 


5,400 

6,800 


11,600 
14, 800 


3, 100 
3,600 

9,050 

9.700 

9, 950 
10, 770 

3, 100 

4.700 


3,900 

6,000 

5, 500 

5,640 
6, 540 

10, 100 
10, 200 

3,200 

3,850 

3,040 
9, 600 


300 

300 


430 

2,800 


4,325 


1, 265 
1,900 


3,260 

3,740 


3,480 


450 

3,000 

4,400 


7, 700 

10,000 

3,460 

3,690 


3,320 
7, 7901 


4,640 
5, 185 

3,600 

5,200 

9,  460 
6,898 

6,340 


4,290 
4, 440 

3,700 

4,200 

2,950 
4, 3001 


12  Department  Circular  UO,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  IV  .—Total  of  funds  from  all  sources  for  cooperative  agricultural 


State. 


Nev.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 

N.  H.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 
N.  J.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 
N.  Mex.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 
N.  Y.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 
N.  C.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 
N.  Dak.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 
Ohio: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 
Okla.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21.. 
Oreg.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 

1 ll)i.9-20 . . 
1920-21. 

R.  I.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21.. 

S.  C.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21 
S.  Dak.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Tcnn.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21 
Texas: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21 
"Utah: 

1919- 20 

1920- 21.. 
Vt.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21 1 
Va.: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21.. 
Wash.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
W.  Va.: 

1919- 20.. 

1920- 21.. 
Wis.: 

1910-20.. 

1920-21.. 

Wyo.: 

1910-20.. 

1920-21.. 

Total: 

1919- 20. 

1920- 21. 


S'sia 


$54,982 

72,537 

93,048 

100,076 

196,073 

226,437 

177,834 

180,601 

801,590 

970,290 

429,344 

635,613 

209,597 

242,372 

471,212 

518,122 

327,781 

418,054 

205,631 

263.996 

386,946 

575,773 

37,234 

35,352 

294.997 
359,988 

251,527 

243.026 

322,082 

383.664 

699,644 

882,319 

160,932 

159.664 

97,187 

101.064 

337,670 

405.418 

212,498 

260.026 

257.418 
255, 100 

283,885 

295.064 

137,063 

132,737 


$6,744 

7,064 

8,341 
10, 129 

14,748 

15,494 

15,562 

13,291 

33,336 

28,347 

16,665 

19,730 

20,975 

24,385 

54,452 

47,690 

19,986 

23,560 

20,398 

20,772 

20,406 

23,758 

4,778 

4,333 

24,215 

24,340 

12,227 

12,222 

28,650 

31,330 

34,110 

34,390 

10,080 

12,514 

6,577 

6,577 

26,030 

29,630 

12,920 

18,274 

24,601 

24,505 

16,698 

19,005 

14,560 

11,470 


14,253,944 

16,830,649 


$800  $17,119 
300;  31,433 


1,100 

1,600 

2,800 

2,000 

I, 980 
3,064 

25,130 

29,900 

10,446 

12,725 

500 

4,250 

2,800 

8,600 

5,296 

2,456 

3,000 

3,000 

14,000 

8,810 

564 

648 

5,900 

4,700 

3.000 
3,247 

9,687 

II, 454 

11,087 

13,460 

800 

600 

500 

500 

5,238 

8,814 

2.000 
2,000 

5,650 

6,870 

7,500 

11,628 

2,000 

600 


914,350 

949,955 


52,814 

49,007 

93,741 

94,312 

110,526 

110.050 

383,871 

452,968 

202,775 

271,488 

112,867 

127,765 

238,460 

248,240 

157,943 

193,899 

105,914 

138,224 

193.050 
276,399 

16,496 

15,253 

95,997 

91,250 

176,480 
158, 74r 

141,097 

151,046 

360,110 

415,107 

83,660 

80,500 

49,550 

51,445 

177,568 

210,573 

96,024 

128,100 

117,112 

107,704 

139,957 

142,467 

57,364 

56,603 


$10,500 

15,360 

17,483] 

17,320 

25,926 

43,314 

16,292 

16,055 


152,719  $57,991 
187,329  55,308 


207,057 

245,802 


94,738 

158,090 

18,870 

24,172 

36,841 

40,926 

103,203 

130,800 

17,350 

25,375 

65,020 

98,062 

6,100 

7,498 

104,884 

128,662 

10,480 

11,055 

91,918 

136,144 

160,312 

191,735 

22,570 

32,900 

24,580 

26,562 

81,534 

95,101 

28,833 

36,742 

37,690 

37,700 

10,250 

20,532 

22,374 

26,670 


$13,219 

11,080 

5,930 

14,940 

32,439 

40,134 

24,974 

24,936 

30,801 

74,020 

2,700 


1,000 


1,210 

1,210 


3,050 

3,600 


5,000 

4,360 


4,950 

8,060 


7,429,596  2,571,725 
8,463,639,3,149,647 


2,000 


2,060 

4,100 


19,100 

9,390 


200 


143,974 

139,293 


25.590 
33,495 

23,200 
43, 140 

18,183 

17,800 

26,269 

32,025 

8,000 

12,650 

5,600 

6,940 

7,851 

7,870 

19,680 

23.590 

3,580 

4,300 

4,920 

5,150 

20,460 

19,750 

9,405 

9,405 

9,840 

8,380 

35,825 

36,330 

27,630 

23,821 

7,900 

11,820 

25,641 

28,864 


$3,900 


$6,840 


14,240 

19,630 

12,550 

27,770 


3,900 

7,640 

7,4" 


$4,120 

5,100 


$3,200 

3,400 

3,580 

3,460 

5,700 

7,650 


12,290 

16,330 


3,700 

3,670 


831,355  $11,780 
1,103,139  2,600 


4,100 

4,675 

11,750 

18,550 


10,000 

8,833 

3,800 

4,000 

10,866 

11,660 

16,430 

13,500 


6,300 

7,000 

3,650 

3,800 

9,270 

7,947 

11,490 

12,597 

3,540 

650 


1,700 

6,100 

7,730 


8,050 

300 

3,975 

8,100 

17,800 


4,950 
7, 275 

15,100 

13,800 


1,925 

2,125 


6,950 

7,600 


600 

600 

3,700 

7,900 


16,489  260,199 
9,270  326,424 


4,000 

2.500 
3,917 

3,600 

5.500 

3,508 

2, 


7,940 

8,960 

6,250 

4,400 

8,000 

9,550 

18,320 

32,380 

2,500 


12.250 

14.250 


6,856 

8,540 

4,628 

9,550 

3,300 


2,600 

2,600 

6,500 
13; 300 

6,100 

6,080 

5,060 

5,600 

12,600 

13,810 

3, 

2,160 


126,199  276,711 
210,862  303,553 


1 Estimated,  budget  not  received. 


Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1920-1921 


13 


extension  work  for  two  years  ending  June  30,  1921,  by  proj  ects— Continued. 


$3,400 


5-3 


a a • 

O 


t>>®  . 

3*5  fe 

r— « 4-i  O 

°qo 

a S3 


to 

a 

ag 

a* 


O tz 

grg 

a 9 


3,700 

3,805 


650 

22,800 


4,500 
3, 100 


$3, 240 
4,650 


89, 100 
12, 700 


22, 130 
17,320 

15,040 

17,000 


11,  280 
15, 

5, 100 
6,400 


1,400 

19, 740 
14, 660 


3, 700 
5,320 


2,100 

2,450 


4,200 

8,775 

. 9,050 
19, 000 

450 


7, 100 
9,067 

3, 
5,520 

3,856 

4,700 


1,000 


3, 
3,400 

3,300 

4,000 

4,720 

5,267, 

15, 020 
17,489 

3,468 
2, 360 


1,450 

10, 150 
11,879 

3,540 
3,  700 

4,000 
4, 975 

7,900 

10,540 


8,950 

12,000 

3,500 

1,650 

2,770 


$3, 800 
3,620 


$4,259 


$3,600 

4,000 


$10, 630 
16, 730 

3,000 

3,600 


$7, 700  $4, 100 


13, 250 

2,640 

6,300 


$9, 530 


1,500 

3, 560 
3, 700 


3,500 

3,400 

4,300 


10, 150 
16,600 


3,050 

600 


1,000 


4,500 
5, 300 


2,875  . 
6,400 


4,525 

3.200 

5.200 


2,800 
10, 870 


1,100 


4,000 


2,750 

8,553 
11, 460 

3, 540 
3,200 


12,020 

13,820 

3,500 

4.000 

3,500 
4, 100 

7,166 
19, 010 

3.000 


3,700 

4,475 

3,700 

7,590 


$9, 775 


20,642 

24,890 


50, 800  213, 549 
60,255  257,1 


300 

300 

9.600 
10, 620 

3,300 

3. 600 

8,000 

8,000 

3,960 

5,978 


2,400 

2, 800  [ 2, 860 
3,200)  2,900 


1,230 

2,050 


400 


200 


1,450 


3, 700 
4, 000 

3, 796 
4,000 


1,925 
2, 125 


3, 760 
5,320 


2, 

6, 100 


3, 300 


4,870 
5, 


187, 152 
248,042 


76, 692 
109,519 


1, 950 


62,987 
97, 165 


15,250 

12,555 


9, 690 

11, 184 


1,500 
3, 700 

3,075 

3,075 


2,900 

3,600 


4, 860  $3, 150 
5, 440 


22,050 

40,010 


5,480 

15,830 


$8,460 


3,700 


26, 600 

4,350 
4, 575 j 


27,360 

28,585 


10,000 


3, 700 
45, 600 


6, 916  . 
8,360 


15,279 
11, 747 1 

350 

75 


99,569 
122, 124 


3,975 


151,261 

183,268 


2,595 
7, 699 


1,843 


145,550 

2,900 

1,200 


2, 600 


1,083 

1,200 

5,400 


2,583 

2,450 


$3,620 
3,  — 


23,595 

2,505 

5,920 
3, 192 


27,889 

47,694 


149,041 


200 

100 


13,480 


700 

3,850 


13,000 

17,234 

746 


4, 375 
2, 166 


2,400 

3,040 


62,776 

9,640 

10,812 

3,375 


4,230 

6,270 


400 

100 


449,640  32,630  39,455 


67,000 


1,520 

1,200 


4, 600 

2,000 

4,586 

4,100 


$600 


21,250 


10,480  271, 193 
33,890156,140 


400 

200 


67,400 

86,480 


14  Department  Circular  1W,  U . S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


Table  V. — Funds  available  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work,  classified  by 

original  sources. 


Source  of  funds. 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1917-18 

Federal  Government: 

Farmers’  cooperative  demonstra- 

$905,782.00 

105,168.40 

$900,389.92 

165,172.01 

$958,333.87 

185,893.15 

$951,333.82 

507,282.95 

2,949.072.48 

2,068,066.29 

Federal  Smith- Lever — 

Emergency 

Regular. . I 

474.934.73 

1,077,923.73 

1,575,054.38 

Total 

1,485,885.13 

2,143,485.66 

2,719,281.40 

6,475,755.54 

Within  the  State: 
State  and  college — 
Offset — 

497,484. 18 
872,733.90 

952,114.31 
832, 114. 16 

1,313,330.47 

881,091.25 

Other 

1,044,270.38 

Total 

1,044,270.38 

1,370,218.08 

1,784,228.47 

2,194,421.72 

County- 

Offset— 

69,226.79 

973,251.56 

94,556.74 

1,258,296.14 

215,077.20 
1,863,632. 29 

Other 

780,331.79 

Total 

780,331.79 

1,042,478.35 

1,352,852.88 

2,078,709.49 

Miscellaneous: 

Offset— 

31,212.76 

276,786.09 

48,383.33 

244,873.55 

59,658.62 

494,219.38 

Other 

286,748.55 

Total 

286,748.55 

307,998.85 

293,256.88 

553,878.00 

Total  within  the  States 

2,111,350.72 

3,597,235.85 

2,720,695.28 

4,864,180.94 

3,430,338.23 

6,149,619.63 

4,827,009.21 
11,302,764. 75 

Grand  total 

Source  of  funds. 

1918-19 

1919-20 1 

1920-21 1 

Federal  Government: 

Farmers’  cooperative  demonstratioi 
Other  bureaus 

2 work 

$966,596.57 

935,373.64 

4,598,243.13 

2,538,828.04 

$984,780.00 

295,795.00 

1,006,750.00 

174,497.00 

Federal  Smith- Lever- 

Emergency 

Regular 

3,080,000. 00 
1,418,627.00 

$3,580,000. 00 
1,500, 000.00 

Supplementary 

Total 

9,039,041.38 

5,779,202.00 

6,261,247.00 

Within  the  State: 

State  and  college — 

Offset — 

Smith-Lever 

1,586,066.42 

2,383,833.78 

386,221.93 

965,503.00 

2,685,173.61 

352,214.38 

1,630,980.00 

Supplementary 

Other 

901,828.49 

Total 

2,487,894.91 

3,735,558. 71 

4,668,367.99 

County- 
Offset — 

Smith -Lever  

316,367. 59 

185,676.70 

935,916.48 

2,994,031.00 

309,224. 17 
1,021,295.93 
3,727,031.00 

Supplementary  _ 

Other 

2,291,209.30 

Total 

2,607,576.89 

4,115,624. 18 

5,057,551.10 

Miscellaneous: 

Offset— 

Smith-Lever 

156,394.03 

30,489,52 
96,489. 69 
496,583.00 

105,601.27 

126,489.69 

611,391.00 

Supplementary 

Other 

370,653.29 

Total 

527,047.32 

623,562.21 

843,481.96 

Total  within  the  States 

5,622,519.12 

14,661,560.50 

8,474,745.10 

14,253,947.10 

10.569.401.05 

16.830.648.05 

Grand  total 

^Allotments. 


Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1920-1921.  15 

Table  VI. — Number  of  counties  with  agents. 


Counties  with  men  agents. 


Counties  with  women  agents. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina . . 
North  Dakota. .. 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina . . 
South  Dakota . . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia. . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 


Agricultu 

counties. 

July  1, 1914. 

July  1, 1915. 

July  1, 1916. 

July  1,1917. 

July  1, 1918. 

July  1, 1919. 

July  1,1920. 

July  1, 1914. 

July  1, 1915. 

July  1, 1916. 

July  1,1917. 

July  1,1918. 

July  1,1919. 

July  1, 1920. 

67 

67 

67 

65 

62 

66 

1 65 

55 

18 

IS 

l 27 

' 28 

67 

54 

32 

14 

3 

6 

7 

11 

11 

10 

3 

; (j 

, g 

75 

4b 

52 

53 

61 

68 

; 66 

58 

15 

20 

1 31 

47 

65 

■ 58 

; 42 

45 

4 

11 

13 

17 

33 

1 35 

35 

24 

8 

; 10 

35 

13 

13 

19 

16 

29 

1 27 

24 

2 

7 

3 

2 

8 

1 

6 

7 

8 

8 

8 

8 

5 

8 

6 

6 

3 

3 

3 

2 

3 

3 

3 

1 

3 

2 

54 

25 

36 

33 

37 

53 

47 

32 

24 

27 

28 

35 

54 

42 

29 

152 

80 

81 

83 

117 

120 

' 134 

97 

29 

48 

45 

1 57 

125 

. 93 

66 

34 

2 

3 

7 

11 

27 

32 

34 

1 

24 

4 

5 

102 

14 

18 

20 

22 

53 

63 

81 

1 

88 

17 

8 

11 

92 

27 

31 

32 

40 

83 

76 

68 

22 

5 

99 

9 

11 

16 

26 

97 

99 

99 

96 

23 

19 

105 

9 

39 

56 

53 

67 

53 

51 

14 

8 

9 

120 

28 

39 

47 

45 

90 

71 

53 

9 

19 

24 

27 

96 

74 

18 

64 

41 

43 

43 

42 

58 

55 

41 

13 

13 

18 

20 

33 

32 

24 

16 

3 

4 

9 

16 

16 

16 

14 

2 

5 

23 

8 

13 

16 

23 

22 

23 

22 

5 

6 

10 

13 

22 

23 

21 

13 

1 

10 

9 

11 

13 

13 

11 

1 

6 

12 

10 

9 

84 

11 

17 

22 

30 

71 

63 

60 

1 

1 

24 

13 

12 

86 

27 

23 

19 

16 

85 

86 

82 

39 

8 

8 

81 

48 

49 

44 

53 

79 

75 

71 

33 

33 

32 

49 

71 

64 

53 

114 

13 

15 

14 

15 

71 

52 

47 

48 

20 

11 

41 

4 

8 

7 

12 

23 

24 

27 

18 

11 

9 

93 

5 

8 

9 

8 

79 

54 

39 

2 

30 

10 

T 

15 

6 

8 

4 

6 

l 

10 

1 

e 

10 

1 

5 

8 

9 

10 

10 

9 

2 

XU 

9 

0 

g 

D 

3 

19 

4 

7 

11 

10 

17 

18 

18 

1 

8 

5 

g 

26 

8 

9 

11 

25 

26 

22 

11 

5 

4 

57 

25 

29 

36 

41 

56 

55 

55 

1 

3 

38 

24 

22 

100 

51 

64 

65 

69 

91 

87 

77 

27 

34 

44 

48 

72 

66 

59 

51 

17 

15 

15 

17 

38 

32 

28 

2 

33 

5 

4 

75 

8 

10 

12 

20 

63 

65 

63 

1 

13 

5 

0 

77 

40 

56 

59 

62 

77 

70 

73 

19 

24 

22 

23 

50 

46 

40 

35 

10 

12 

13 

14 

24 

23 

26 

15 

5 

5 

67 

10 

14 

22 

45 

53 

40 

54 

1 

48 

5 

4 

4 

5 

4 

4 

4 

2 

45 

43 

43 

42 

40 

43 

45 

45 

21 

24 

31 

36 

44 

45 

45 

66 

3 

5 

11 

13 

59 

36 

39 

42 

3 

3 

96 

36 

38 

48 

57 

91 

76 

45 

18 

24 

31 

49 

94 

77 

41 

250 

98 

99 

90 

92 

178 

168 

127 

26 

27 

38 

31 

67 

69 

55 

28 

8 

10 

8 

15 

28 

22 

21 

2 

2 

14 

4 

g 

14 

7 

9 

11 

13 

13 

13 

12 

7 

5 

4 

100 

53 

55 

51 

53 

75 

71 

57 

17 

22 

25 

38 

52 

36 

28 

37 

7 

10 

13 

22 

34 

29 

32 

22 

6 

8 

55 

27 

29 

45 

48 

48 

40 

5 

10 

12 

12 

33 

22 

12 

71 

9 

12 

13 

22 

59 

41 

42 

17 

4 

2 

21 

6 

8 

13 

15 

13 

14 

5 

7 

7 

,940 

9281, 136: 

1,225: 

1,436^2,435! 

2,247: 

2,033 

279 

350 

GO 

O 

537^1,715 : 

1,049 

784 

16  Department  Circular  1W,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


Table  VII. — Kind  and  number  of  extension  workers,  1917-1921. 


Kind  of  agent. 

July  1, 
1917. 

Jan.  1, 
1918. 

July  1, 
1918. 

Jan.  1, 
1919. 

July  1, 
1919. 

Jan.  1, 
1920. 

July  1, 
1920. 

Oct.  1, 
1920. 

COUNTY  AGENT  WORK. 

South. 

Directors  and  State  leaders. 

29 

27 

27 

26 

29 

29 

29 

28 

Assistant  State  leaders  and  district 

55 

73 

80 

73 

79 

69 

62 

60 

888 

1,078 

1, 156 

1,114 

1, 124 

916 

869 

852 

Local  agents  (colored) 

66 

105 

142 

148 

177 

151 

158 

151 

Total 

1,038 

1,283 

1, 405 

1,361 

1, 409 

1, 165 

1,118 

1,091 

Nortlt  and  West. 

33 

33 

36 

31 

33 

31 

31 

31 

25 

26 

203 

91 

78 

78 

65 

60 

County  agents  and  assistants 

563 

1,009 

1,357 

1, 291 

1,288 

1, 108 

1, 145 

1,170 

621 

1,068 

1,596 

1,413 

1,399 

1, 217 

1, 241 

1,261 

United  States. 

62 

60 

63 

57 

62 

60 

60 

59 

80 

99 

283 

164 

157 

147 

127 

120 

1, 451 

2,087 

105 

2,513 

142 

2,405 

148 

2,412 

177 

2,024 

2,014 

2,022 

Local  agents  (colored) 

66 

151 

158 

151 

Total 

1,659 

2, 351 

3,001 

2,774 

2,808 

2,382 

2,359 

2,352 

HOME  DEMONSTRATION  WORK. 

South. 

13 

14 

14 

15 

13 

15 

15 

15 

Assistant  State  leaders  and  district 

33 

60 

57 

77 

82 

73 

77 

75 

513 

749 

883 

722 

763 

596 

564 

560 

7 

71 

175 

• 134 

250 

51 

74 

68 

65 

83 

64 

50 

City  agents  (colored) 

8 

19 

15 

7 

Total 

566 

967 

1,231 

1,027 

1, 165 

735 

730 

718 

North  and  West. 

State  leaders 

7 

47 

47 

34 

34 

29 

28 

29 

Assistant  State  leaders 

30 

47 

47 

41 

43 

29 

22 

County  agents 

20 

307 

602 

462 

433 

214 

242 

248 

City  agents 

57 

107 

109 

101 

11 

10 

11 

Total 

27 

441 

803 

652 

609 

297 

309 

310 

United  States. 

State  leaders 

20 

61 

61 

49 

47 

44 

43 

44 

Assistant  State  leaders  and  district 
agents 

33 

90 

104 

124 

123 

116 

106 

97 

County  agents 

533 

1,056 

1,485 

1, 184 

1, 196 

810 

806 

808 

Lneal  agfrnts  ("colored! 

7 

71 

175 

134 

250 

51 

74 

68 

City  agents 

122 

190 

173 

151 

11 

10 

11 

City  agents  (colored) 

8 

19 

15 

7 

Total 

593 

1,408 

2,034 

1, 679 

1, 774 

1,032 

1,039 

1,028 



BOYS’  AND  GIRLS’  CLUB  WORK. 

South. 

State  leaders 

24 

19 

18 

21 

41 

32 

40 

35 

Assistant  State  leaders 

33 

County  leaders 

31 

27 

67 

44 

64 

21 

37 

34 

Total 

55 

79 

85 

65 

105 

53 

77 

69 

North  and  West. 

State  leaders 

30 

28 

27 

29 

23 

28 

26 

29 

A ssistant  State  leaders  . 

33 

68 

134 

95 

89 

73 

66 

57 

County  leaders 

130 

270 

935 

256 

469 

230 

273 

257 

Total 

193 

366 

1,096 

380 

581 

331 

365 

343 

United  States. 

State  leaders 

54 

47 

45 

50 

64 

60 

66 

64 

Assistant  State  leaders 

33 

101 

134 

95 

89 

73 

66 

57 

County  leaders 

161 

297 

1,002 

300 

533 

251 

310 

291 

Total 

248 

445 

1,181 

445 

686 

384 

442 

412 

SUMMARY  OF  TOTAL. 

County  agent  work 

1, 659 

2,351 
1, 408 
445 

3,001 

2,034 

2,774 

1,679 

445 

2,808 

2,382 

2,359 

2,352 

Home  demonstration  work 

593 

1, 774 

1,032 

1,039 

1,028 

Boys’  and  girls’  club  work 

248 

1,181 

686 

384 

442 

412 

Grand  total 

2,500 

4,204 

6,216 

4,898 

5,268 

3,798 

3,840 

3,792 

Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1920-1921.  17 


ACT  OF  1914  PROVIDING  FOR  COOPERATIVE  EXTENSION  WORK. 

[Smith-Lever  Act.] 

AN  ACT  To  provide  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  between  the  agricultural  colleges  in  the 
several  States  receiving  the  benefits  of  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July  second,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-two,  and  of  acts  supplementary  thereto,  and  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Beit  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  in  order  to  aid  in  diffusing  among  the  people  of  the  United 
States  useful  and  practical  information  on  subjects  relating  to  agricultural  and  home 
economics,  and  to  encourage  the  application  of  the  same,  there  may  be  inaugurated 
in  connection  with  the  college  or  colleges  in  each  State  now  receiving,  or  which  may 
hereafter  receive,  the  benefits  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  July  second,  eighteen 
hundred  and  sixty-two,  entitled  “An  act  donating  public  lands  to  the  several  States 
and  Territories  which  may  provide  colleges  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  and  the 
mechanic  arts”  (Twelfth  Statutes  at  Large,  page  five  hundred  and  three),  and  of  the 
act  of  Congress  approved  August  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety  (Twenty- 
sixth  Statutes  at  Large,  page  four  hundred  and  seventeen  and  chapter  eight  hundred 
and  forty-one),  agricultural  extension  work  which  shall  be  carried  on  in  cooperation 
with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture:  Provided,  That  in  any  State  in 
which  two  or  more  such  colleges  have  been  or  hereafter  may  be  established  the  appro- 
priations hereinafter  made  to  such  State  shall  be  administered  by  such  college  or 
colleges  as  the  legislature  of  such  State  may  direct:  Provided  further,  That,  pending 
the  inauguration  and  development  of  the  cooperative  extension  work  herein  author- 
ized, nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  discontinue  either  the  farm  manage- 
ment work  or  the  farmers’  cooperative  demonstration  work  as  now  conducted  by  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Sec.  2.  That  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  shall  consist  of  the  giving 
of  instruction  and  practical  demonstrations  in  agriculture  and  home  economics  to 
persons  not  attending  or  resident  in  said  colleges  in  the  several  communities,  and 
imparting  to  such  persons  information  on  said  subjects  through  field  demonstrations, 
publications,  and  otherwise;  and  this  work  shall  be  carried  on  in  in  such  manner  as 
may  be  mutually  agreed  upon  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  the  State 
agricultural  college  or  colleges  receiving  the  benefits  of  this  act. 

Sec.  3.  That  for  the  purpose  of  paying  the  expenses  of  said  cooperative  agricultural 
extension  work  and  the  necessary  printing  and  distributing  of  information  in  con- 
nection with  the  same,  there  is  permanently  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the 
Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  $480,000  for  each  year,  $10,000  of 
which  shall  be  paid  annually,  in  the  manner  hereinafter  provided,  to  each  State 
which  shall  by  action  of  its  legislature  assent  to  the  provisions  oi  this  act:  Provided, 
That  payment  of  such  installments  of  the  appropriation  hereinbefore  made  as  shali 
become  due  to  any  State  before  the  adjournment  of  the  regular  session  of  the  legis- 
lature meeting  next  after  the  passage  of  this  act  may,  in  the  absence  of  prior  legislative 
assent,  be  made  upon  the  assent  of  the  governor  thereof,  duly  certified  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury:  Provided. further , That  there  is  also  appropriated  an  additional 
sum  of  $600,000  for  the  fiscal  year  following  that  in  which  the  foregoing  appropriation 
first  becomes  available,  and  for  each  year  thereafter  for  seven  years  a sum  exceeding 
by  $500,000  the  sum  appropriated  for  each  preceding  year,  and  for  each  year  thereafter 
there  is  permanently  appropriated  for  each  year  the  sum  of  $4,100,000  in  addition 
to  the  sum  of  $480,000  hereinbefore  provided:  Provided  further , That  before  the  funds 
herein  appropriated  shall  become  available  to  any  college  for  any  fiscal  year  plans 
for  the  work  to  be  carried  on  under  this  act  shall  be  submitted  by  the  proper  officials 
of  each  college  and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture.  Such  additional  sums 
shall  be  used  only  for  the  purposes  hereinbefore  stated,  and  shall  be  allotted  annually 


18  Department  Circular  1W,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


to  each  State  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  paid  in  the  manner  hereinbefore 
provided,  in  the  proportion  which  the  rural  population  of  each  State  bears  to  the  total 
rural  population  of  all  the  States  as  determined  by  the  next  preceding  Federal  census: 
Provided  further,  That  no  payment  out  of  the  additional  appropriations  herein  pro- 
vided shall  be  made  in  any  year  to  any  State  until  an  equal  sum  has  been  appropri- 
ated for  that  year  by  the  legislature  of  such  State,  or  provided  by  State,  county,  col- 
lege, local  authority,  or  individual  contributions  from  within  the  State,  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  provided  for  in  this  act. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  sums  hereby  appropriated  for  extension  work  shall  be  paid  in  equal 
semiannual  payments  on  the  first  day  of  January  and  July  of  each  year  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  upon  the  warrant  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  out  of  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States,  to  the  treasurer  or  other  officer  of  the  State  duly  authorized  by 
the  laws  of  the  State  to  receive  the  same;  and  such  officer  shall  be  required  to  report 
to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  September  of  each  year, 
a detailed  statement  of  the  amount  so  received  during  the  previous  fiscal  year,  and  of 
its  disbursement,  on  forms  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

Sec.  5.  That  if  any  portion  of  the  moneys  received  by  the  designated  officer  of 
any  State  for  the  support  and  maintenance  of  cooperative  agricultural  extension 
work,  as  provided  in  this  act,  shall  by  any  action  or  contingency  be  diminished  or 
lost  or  be  misapplied,  it  shall  be  replaced  by  said  State  to  which  it  belongs,  and  until 
so  replaced  no  subsequent  appropriation  shall  be  apportioned  or  paid  to  said  State, 
and  no  portion  of  said  moneys  shall  be  applied,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  the  pur- 
chase, erection,  preservation,  or  repair  of  any  building  or  buildings,  or  the  purchase 
or  rental  of  land,  or  in  college-course  teaching,  lectures  in  colleges,  promoting  agri- 
cultural trains,  or  any  other  purpose  not  specified  in  this  act,  and  not  more  than  five 
per  centum  of  each  annual  appropriation  shall  be  applied  to  the  printing  and  dis- 
tribution of  publications.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  of  said  colleges  annually,  on 
or  before  the  first  day  of  January,  to  make  to  the  governor  of  the  State  in  which  it  is 
located  a full  and  detailed  report  of  its  operations  in  the  direction  of  extension  work 
as  defined  in  this  act,  including  a detailed  statement  of  receipts  and  expenditures 
from  all  sources  for  this  purpose,  a copy  of  which  report  shall  be  sent  to  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture  and  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  6.  That  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  July  in  each  year  after  the  passage  of  this 
act  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  ascertain  and  certify  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  as  to  each  State  whether  it  is  entitled  to  receive  its  share  of  the  annual 
appropriation  for  cooperative  agricultural  extension  work  under  this  act,  and  the 
amount  which  it  is  entitled  to  receive.  If  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  with- 
hold a certificate  from  any  State  of  its  appropriation,  the  facts  and  reasons  therefor 
shall  be  reported  to  the  President,  and  the  amount  involved  shall  be  kept  separate 
in  the  Treasury  until  the  expiration  of  the  Congress  next  succeeding  a session  of  the 
legislature  of  any  State  from  which  a certificate  has  been  withheld,  in  order  that  the 
State  may,  if  it  should  so  desire,  appeal  to  Congress  from  the  determination  of  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture.  If  the  next  Congress  shall  not  direct  such  sum  to  be  paid, 
it  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury. 

Sec.  7.  That  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  shall  make* an  annual  report  to  Congress 
of  the  receipts,  expenditures,  and  results  of  the  cooperative  agricultural  extension 
work  in  all  of  the  States  receiving  the  benefits  of  this  act,  and  also  whether  the  appro- 
priation of  any  State  has  been  withheld,  and  if  so,  the  reasons  therefor. 

Sec.  8.  That  Congress  may  at  any  time  alter,  amend  or  repeal  any  or  all  of  the 
provisions  of  this  act. 

Approved,  May  8,  1914  (38  Stat.  L.,  372) 


Washington,  D.  C. 


January,  1921 


Cooperative  Extension  Work  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics 

United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  and  State 
Agricultural  Colleges  Cooperating 


STATUS  AND  RESULTS 
OF  HOME  DEMONSTRATION  WORK 


NORTHERN  AND  WESTERN  STATES 

1919 

FLORENCE  E.  WARD 

In  Charge  Extension  Work  with  Women 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  141 


Contribution  from  the  States  Relations  Service 

A.  C.  TRUE,  Director 


tiome  demonstration  agent  starting  on  a field  trip 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1920 


Map  showing  distribution  of  homo  demonstration  work  in  the  Northern  and  Western  Slates. 


HOME  DEMONSTRATION  WORK  IN  THE  NORTH- 
ERN AND  WESTERN  STATES,  1919. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 


Early  development 3 

Permanent  development 5 

Duties  of  agents 5 

Qualifications  of  agent 6 

Equipment  for  work 7 

Place  in  the  extension  program 8 

How  to  secure  an  agent 8 

Financing  the  work 9 

Administration  and  supervision 10 

Organization  in  counties 11 

Local  programs  and  leaders 13 


Page. 


Activities 14 

Home  management 14 

Food  production 16 

Food  preservation 16 

Food  for  the  family 16 

Use  of  milk  and  milk  products.  18 

Home  nursing 19 

Clothing 19 

Improving  home  surroundings. _ 21 

Community  enterprises 21 

Summary 23 

Outlook 24 


EARLY  DEVELOPMENT. 

Home  demonstration  work  is  one  phase  of  the  nation-wide  system 
of  extension  service  carried  on  by  the  State  agricultural  colleges  in 
cooperation  with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  under 
authority  granted  by  Congress  in  the  cooperative  agricultural  ex- 
tension act  of  May  8,  1914,  known  as  the  Smith-Lever  Act,  and  sup- 
ported jointly  by  Federal,  State,  agricultural  college,  county,  and 
local  funds. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  workers  employed  in  the 
33  Northern  and  Western  States  from  1916  to  1920  and  approxi- 
mately the  amount  of  funds  from  all  sources  for  home  demonstration 
work : 

Number  of  home  demonstration  workers  cooperatively  employed  June  SO  each 
year  and  total  funds  appropriated. 


Item. 

1916 

1917 

1918 

1919 

Workers 

4 

$7,383.33 

28 

$50,042.33 

803 

$1,270,675 

609 

$1,593,400 

Funds 

The  advent  of  the  home  demonstration  agents  who  represent  this 
work  in  the  counties  of  the  33  Northern  and  Western  States  is  com- 
paratively recent.  The  work  actually  began  in  Erie  County,  N.  Y.. 
in  August,  1914,  when  Miss  Mills  was  appointed  home  demon- 
stration agent  on  State  funds.  The  second  appointment  was  that  of 

3 


4 Department  Circular  ibl,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Miss  Gertrude  M.  MeCheyne,  who  began  work  in  Box  Elder  County, 
Utah,  May  1,  1915.  Other  agents  appointed  on  State  funds  were 
Miss  Minnie  Price,  who  began  work  in  Hampden  County,  Mass., 
in  July,  1915,  and  Miss  Eva  Benefiel,  who  was  appointed  in  Kankakee 
County,  111.,  in  August  of  the  same  year. 

On  May  2,  1916,  Miss  Sarah  Pettit  was  cooperatively  employed  by 
the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  State  College 
of  Agriculture  of  New  York  to  continue  the  work  started  some 
months  previously  in  Erie  County.  About  the  same  time  Miss 
Kathryn  E.  Woods  was  appointed  as  a home  demonstration  agent 
in  Sullivan  County,  N.  H.  Miss  MeCheyne  was  reappointed  in  Box 
Elder  County  and  Mrs.  Edith  Charlton  Salisbury  was  cooperatively 
employed  in  Maricopa  County,  Ariz.  The  following  agents  were 
also  placed  during  the  year  1916:  New  York,  Miss  Florence  Freer, 
Otsego  County,  August  1;  Miss  May  Wells,  Cortland  County,  Sep- 
tember 1 ; Mrs.  Viola  Godfrey,  Jefferson  County,  September  1.  New 
Hampshire,  Miss  Kathleen  Calkins,  Cheshire  County,  August  1. 
Massachusetts,  Mrs.  Florence  Warner,  Worcester  County,  July  1; 
Miss  Margaret  Howard,  Franklin  County,  August  1;  Miss  Elsie 
Trabue,  Barnstable  County,  October  21. 

While  no  definite  plan  was  formulated  in  the  extension  depart- 
ments of  the  State  agricultural  colleges  for  carrying  on  the  work  of 
these  women,  the  underlying  purpose  which  prompted  their  appoint- 
ment was  the  building  up  and  improvement  of  the  rural  home  along 
lines  similar  to  those  which  were  being  followed  in  the  development 
of  the  farm.  The  specific  activities  to  be  undertaken  in  the  counties 
and  how  they  should  be  carried  on  were  left  largely  to  the  discretion 
of  the  home  demonstration  agents  and  the  local  women  with  whom 
they  were  associated.  It  was  logical  and  reasonable  in  the  minds  of 
the  extension  directors  who  made  these  first  appointments  that  in 
order  to  develop  the  best  type  of  agriculture  throughout  the  States 
the  problems  of  the  farm  home  should  be  considered  at  the  same  time 
and  on  the  same  basis  as  those  of  the  farm. 

During  the  war  there  was  a rapid  increase  of  home  demonstration 
workers  employed  in  the  States  expressly  to  help  housewives  in  their 
part  of  the  war  program.  In  that  period  about  800  home  demon- 
stration agents  were  employed  in  the  Northern  and  Western  States, 
largely  with  Federal  emergency  funds.  After  the  withdrawal  of 
these  funds  at  the  close  of  the  war  the  number  of  appointments  was 
reduced  until  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  June  30,  1920,  219  home 
demonstration  agents  and  69  State  workers  were  covering  227 
counties  in  the  North  and  West. 

As  this  form  of  extension  work  becomes  better  known  throughout 
the  country  and  as  its  value  increases  in  the  life  of  the  rural  com- 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work , 1919.  5 

munities  the  home  demonstration  agent  is  being  looked  upon  as  a 
permanent  factor  in  the  county  in  which  she  works.  One  of  the 
factors  underlying  the  success  of  this  movement  in  its  present  state 
of  development  is  that  the  work  has  required  the  linking  together 
of  the  practical  knowledge  of  the  housewife  with  the  technical  knowl- 
edge of  the  home  demonstration  agent  and  the  home  economics 
specialists ; the  extent  to  which  this  plan  is  carried  out  in  the  com- 
munities largely  determines  its  permanency. 

PERMANENT  DEVELOPMENT. 

On  June  30,  1917,  there  were  28  home  demonstration  agents  and 
on  June  30,  1918,  there  were  803  home  demonstration  workers, 
leaders,  and  agents,  cooperatively  employed,  and  working  in  cities, 
districts,  and  counties.  On  June  30,  1919,  the  number  of  home  demon- 
stration workers  had  decreased  to  609.  This  reduction,  due  largely 
to  the  withdrawal  of  emergency  funds  at  the  close  of  the  war, "’re- 
sulted in  almost  complete  discontinuance  of  the  work  in  cities.  The 
lack  of  support  from  those  counties  which  had  looked  upon  the  work 
as  of  a temporary  character  and  had  made  no  efforts  toward  per- 
manent local  organization  also  tended  to  reduce  the  number  of  agents. 

June  30,  1920,  found  the  service  with  a well-organized  force  of 
286  trained  workers  employed  in  the  33  States,  on  funds  available 
from  Federal,  State,  and  local  sources,  amounting  to  $747,360.79,  of 
which  $97,335  was  from  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
funds  and  $282,125.72  was  voluntarily  appropriated  by  the  counties 
and  the  farm  bureaus,  the  county  appropriations  ranging  from  $500 
to  $1,500  each.  Although  the  force  of  workers  was  in  one  year  re- 
duced almost  one-half  and  the  State  and  Federal  funds  were  re- 
duced nearly  one-half,  the  appropriations  made  by  the  local  people 
for  home  demonstration  work  have  almost  doubled  and  every  agent 
is  retained  in  her  present  location  in  direct  response  to  requests  from 
the  people  whom  she  serves. 

DUTIES  OF  HOME  DEMONSTRATION  AGENTS. 

. fundamental  purpose  of  home  demonstration  work  is  to  as- 
sist  the  rural  housewife  to  apply  common  business  principles  to  her 
daily  tasks  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  farm  home  as  efficient  as 

t e farm,  thereby  producing  a more  satisfactory  and  permanent 
type  of  rural  life. 

Home  demonstration  agents  afford  an  avenue  by  which  the  State 
agricultural  colleges  and  the  United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture offer  the  practical  results  of  their  research  and  experiments  in 
iiome  economics  to  the  housewives  of  the  county.  They  also  en- 


6 Department  Circular  lkl,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

courage  the  rural  housewives  to  bring  from  their  store  of  practical 
knowledge  and  experience  the  lessons  they  have  learned  in  home 
management  that  will  be  valuable  to  other  women  in  the  community, 
and  they  help  to  make  this  information  available  to  all.  The  home 
demonstration  agent  is  a teacher  who  makes  liberal  use  of  the  prac- 
tical demonstration  rather  than  the  lecture  or  textbook.  The  most 
successful  home  demonstration  agents  aim  to  train  local  leaders  who, 
by  putting  the  best  practices  into  their  own  homes,  extend  the  instruc- 
tion to  larger  numbers  of  women. 


Fig.  1. — Home  demonstration  work  develops  leadership.  The  agent  plays  the  part  of 
interested  spectator  while  the  local  poultry  project  leader,  whom  she  has  trained, 
demonstrates  to  a group  of  women  interested  in  poultry  improvement  how  to  clean  and 
pack  eggs  to  secure  the  best  prices.  The  poultry  project  is  among  the  most  popular 
with  farm  women  since  it  yields  money  for  home  improvements  and  other  needs. 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF  THE  HOME  DEMONSTRATION  AGENT. 

The  requirements  for  appointment  as  a home  demonstration  agent 
(in  the  North  and  West)  vary  somewhat  in  the  different  States. 
Graduation  from  college,  or  an  institution  of  equivalent  standing, 
is  a usual  though  not  an  absolute  requirement,  except  in  a few  of 
the  States.  Special  training  in  home  economics  is  required  in  all 
cases.  Of  the  286  home  demonstration  workers  employed  coopera- 
tively on  Federal  and  State  funds  June  30,  1920,  93  per  cent  had 
special  training  in  home  economics  and  98  per  cent  had  college  train- 
ing. Most  of  the  States  require  practical  experience  in  housekeep- 
ing, and  a preference  is  given  to  the  applicant  who  is  familiar  with 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  7 

rural  home  conditions.  There  is  no  arbitrary  age  limit,  but  the  rec- 
ords show  that  only  3 per  cent  of  the  home  demonstration  agents  are 
under  25  years  of  age,  36  per  cent  are  between  25  and  30  years,  and 
the  largest  number,  about  61  per  cent,  are  between  the  ages  of  30 
and  45  years. 

As  important  as  it  is  that  the  home  demonstration  agent  should 
know  the  science  of  home  economics  and  have  had  an  intimate  ex- 
perience with  rural  home  making,  there  are  certain  other  qualifica- 
tions classed  under  the  broad  term  of  “ personality  ” that  are  of 
equal  if  not  greater  importance.  The  chief  qualifications  of  a success- 
ful home  demonstration  agent  include  tact  and  good  judgment,  an 
abundance  of  good  health,  the  ability  to  look  on  the  bright  side  of 
things,  faith  ahd  zeal  in  her  mission,  poise,  and  never- failing 
patience  and  common  sense. 

EQUIPMENT  FOR  HOME  DEMONSTRATION  WORK. 

The  home  demonstration  agent  whose  calendar  of  work  is  prop- 
erly outlined  plans  to  spend  at  least  two-thirds  of  her  time  with  the 
farm  women  in  their  homes  discussing  the  varied  problems  of  house- 
keeping and  of  such  home  industries  as  gardening,  poultry  raising, 
and  the  like. 

The  majority  of  the  home  demonstration  agents  use  .automobiles 
for  travel  about  the  country.  A few  use  the  stage,  the  electric  inter- 
uiban  car,  or  the  railroad.  In  some  cases  they  plan  their  itinerary 
to  correspond  with  that  of  the  county  agricultural  agents  so  that 
the  two  may  make  their  trips  to  the  community  in  the  same  auto. 
The  most  satisfactory  arrangement  is  for  the  home  demonstration 
agent  to  have  an  automobile  for  her  exclusive  use. 

Home  demonstration  agents  are  rarely,  if  ever,  located  in  counties 
which  do  not  employ  county  agricultural  agents.  With  one  or  two 
exceptions  in  States  having  separate  organizations  for  different  lines 
of  extension  work,  the  home  demonstration  agent  shares  offices  with 
the  county  agricultural  agent  and  other  extension  workers.  The 
home  demonstration  agent’s  equipment  varies  somewhat  with  her 
length  of  service  and  the  amount  of  funds  available  for  her  local 
expenses.  Generally,  however,  she  has  for  her  personal  use  the  usual 
office  equipment,  such  as  a desk,  filing  cabinets,  camera,  demonstra- 
tion outfit  and  supplies,  and  shares  the  services  of  the  stenographer 
and  the  telephone  with  the  other  workers.  The  rule  prevailing  in 
most  States  is  that  the  home  demonstration  agent  shall  have  at  least 
one  regular  office  day  each  week  during  which  she  can  be  consulted 
by  any  one  interested  in  home  demonstration  work.  A second  day  in 
the  week  is  generally  set  aside  for  office  work,  such  as  regular  cor- 
respondence and  the  keeping  of  records. 


8 Department  Circular  lbl,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

PLACE  OF  HOME  DEMONSTRATION  WORK  IN  THE  EXTENSION 

PROGRAM. 

Although  home  demonstration  work  is  the  most  recent  develop- 
ment in  the  agricultural  extension  plan,  it  has  now  a permanent  part 
in  the  county  extension  program,  and  the  home  demonstration  agents 
have  a well-defined  function  in  the  extension  machinery  of  the  county, 
State,  and  Nation.  The  character  of  their  work  is  as  broad  and 
varied  as  are  the  needs  of  the  rural  people  among  whom  they  work. 
During  the  first  two  years  of  their  service  in  the  counties  their  first 
duty  as  representatives  of  the  State  agricultural  colleges  and  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  was  to  extend  the  teaching  of  the 
home  economics  departments  of  the  agricultural  colleges  and  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  to  the  home  makers  and 
to  others  who  were  unable  to  receive  this  instruction  through  regular 
college  channels.  The  fact  that  rural  women  are  as  a class  unused 
to  cooperating  in  household  affairs  and  have  not  always  been  con- 
scious of  their  needs,  or  have  failed  to  express  them,  may  be  one 
reason  why  a traveler  from  Maine  to  California  passes  so  many  farm 
homes  in  which  the  housekeeping  methods  and  equipment  remain 
much  the  same  as  they  were  50  years  ago. 

People  very  generally  are  beginning  to  realize  that  better  and  more 
permanent  agriculture  requires  that  the  farm  home  be  equipped  with 
modern  conveniences  and  labor-saving  appliances  quite  as  much  as 
that  there  be  improved  equipment  in  the  barn,  better  live  stock,  and 
more  thorough  cultivation  of  the  soil.  Better  health,  more  equal 
division  between  the  hours  of  work  and  the  hours  of  leisure,  the  ap- 
portioning of  the  farm  income  to  secure  a larger  share  of  those  things 
which  mean  comfort  and  contentment  for  the  family  are  among  the 
awakening  desires  of  the  rural  people  and  are  included  in  the 
program  of  work  which  farm  people  are  hoping  the  home  demon- 
stration agent  will  assist  them  in  carrying  out. 

HOW  TO  SECURE  A HOME  DEMONSTRATION  AGENT. 

Any  county  organized  for  extension  work  which  desires  the  ap- 
pointment of  a home  demonstration  agent  should  first  communicate 
with  the  extension  service  at  the  State  agricultural  college  or  with 
the  agricultural  agent  in  the  county.  In  this  way  assistance  in  start- 
ing the  work  can  be  obtained  from  the  State  leader  of  home  demon- 
stration agents,  or  the  extension  specialist  in  organization.  The 
requirements  to  be  met  by  the  counties  vary  somewhat  in  each  State 
to  conform  to  State  laws.  Usually  an  initial  step  on  the  part  of  the 
local  people  is  to  have  a petition  signed  by  a certain  percentage  of 
the  farm  women  sent  to  the  State  college  through  the  farm  bureau. 
Experience  has  taught  that  it  is  not  wise  to  appoint  a home  demon- 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  9 

stration  agent  in  a county  until  public  sentiment  favorable  lo  her 
service  exists  among  the  rural  people,  and  the  county  commissioners 
or  the  board  of  supervisors  are  prepared  to  contribute  to  her  local 
support.  When  this  time  has  arrived  and  the  State  requirements 
have  been  met,  the  State  leader  of  home  demonstration  agents  or  the 
State  director  of  extension  will  set  about  securing  an  agent  who  is 
qualified  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  county. 


Fig.  2.  Home  demonstration  agents  help  take  the  drudgery  out  of  housework  The 
cheerful  outlook  for  the  woman  behind  the  dish  pan  and  the  step-saving  cupboard 
arrangement  were  worked  out  in  consultation  with  the  agent  of  Anderson  County 
Kansas.  The  man  who  remodeled  this  kitchen  for  his  wife  has  since  entirely  re- 
modeled one  kitchen  and  helped  remodel  several  others  for  interested  neighbors. 

FINANCING  HOME  DEMONSTRATION  WORK. 

The  salary  and  expenses  of  the  county  home  demonstration  agent 
are  derived  from  Federal,  State,  and  local  sources  as  follows  : 

(1)  Money  appropriated  by  Congress  to  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  for  farmers’  cooperative  demonstration  work. 

(2)  Money  available  to  the  States  for  cooperative  extension  work 
under  the  provisions  of  the  Smith-Lever  Extension  Act  of  1914. 

(3)  Appropriations  by  State  legislatures  usually  to  State  agri- 
cultural colleges  either  specifically  for  home  demonstration  work  or 
for  general  extension  work. 

12498°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  ikl,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


(4*)  Appropriations  by  county  commissioners  or  boards  of  super- 
visors. 

(5)  In  a few  of  the  States  money  is  raised  through  a membership 
fee  in  the  county  farm  bureau  to  assist  in  defraying  some  part  of 
the  home  demonstration  agent’s  salary  or  expenses. 

The  average  salary  of  a home  demonstration  agent  in  the  North 
and  West  is  $1,545  and  the  average  total  county  appropriation  is 
$735,  the  maximum  being  $1,800  and  the  minimum  $50.  There  is 
a wide  range  of  salaries  in  the  various  States,  the  minimum  being 
$1,140  and  the  maximum  $2,500.  The  contribution  from  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  does  not  exceed  $600  for  a home 
demonstration  agent  and  $1,500  for  a State  leader  of  home  demon- 
stration agents.  The  appropriation  by  the  State  agricultural  colleges 
from  Smith-Lever  funds  at  present  ranges  from  $120  to  $2,800 
annually  for  the  support  of  work  in  a county.  The  increased  appro- 
priation for  home  demonstration  work  in  the  future  from  any 
source  no  doubt  will  be  determined  by  the  development  of  the  work 
in  the  counties  and  the  desire  of  the  local  people  for  additional  home 
demonstration  agents.  The  general  trend  in  the  financing  of  this 
work  seems  to  contemplate  an  annual  appropriation  of  $1,200  from 
State  and  Federal  sources,  the  remaining  expenses  to  be  contributed 
by  the  farm  bureau  or  other  extension  organizations  in  the  county. 

ADMINISTRATION  AND  SUPERVISION. 

Home  demonstration  work  is  conducted  according  to  the  terms  of 
a project  agreement  arranged  between  the  extension  division  of  the 
State  agricultural  college  and  the  States  Relations  Service  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  The  work  in  the  States 
is  administered  by  an  extension  director  and  is  directly  supervised  by 
a leader  of  home  demonstration  agents  and  her  assistants,  Avho  are 
also  employees  of  the  State  agricultural  college  and  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

There  now  exists  in  the  majority  of  the  33  Northern  and  Western 
States  a county  organization  commonly  called  the  “ farm  bureau,” 
through  which  the  various  lines  of  extension  work  are  carried  on. 
For  the  last  two  years  there  has  been  a definite  effort  on  the  part  of 
the  State  extension  divisions  to  have  the  home  demonstration  agents 
carry  on  their  work  through  the  farm  bureaus.  In  1917  and  until  the 
signing  of  the  armistice  there  was  a pronounced  tendency  to  use  the 
various  war  organizations  rather  than  the  county  farm  bureau  for 
furthering  the  home  demonstration  work,  but  in  preparing  to  make 
extension  work  with  women  permanent  the  advisability  of  connecting 
it  with  the  other  extension  activities  in  the  county  became  apparent. 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work , 1919.  H 
ORGANIZATION  FOR  WORK  IN  COUNTIES. 

The  majority  of  the  33  Northern  and  Western  States  have  within 
the  last  two  years  adopted  what  is  popularly  known  as  the  “ family  ” 
or  “ new  ” farm  bureau.  This  organization  is  an  association  of 
people  interested  in  rural  affairs.  Membership  in  it  comprises  men, 
women,  and  young  people.  There  is  generally  a uniform  member- 
ship fee  of  $1  per  year.  In  a few  States  there  is  a preference  for  a 
family  membership  fee  ranging  from  $5  to  $10.  The  county  execu- 
tive committee  and  the  community  committees  of  this  organization 
are  composed  of  both  men  and  women.  Each  of  the  members  of  the 
community  committees  is  appointed  primarily  to  lead  a definite  line 
of  work. 

In  22  States  some  type  of  farm  bureau  has  been  established,  in 
which  women  share  equally  with  the  men  the  privileges  and  responsi- 
bilities of  the  organization.  In  three  or  four  States  home  demon- 
stration work  is  carried  on  by  an  organized  group  auxiliary  to  the 
farm  bureau  or  independent  of  it.  In  New  York  the  organizations 
are  brought  together  in  a “ State  Association  of  Farm  and  Home 
Bureaus,  ’ and  in  this  State  a federation  of  home  bureaus  has  recently 
been  formed,  the  first  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  In  Illinois  county 
extension  work  is  carried  on  in  three  county-wide  organizations,  one 
of  which  is  the  home  bureau.  In  this  State  county  appropriations 
are  made  specifically  for  each  line  of  work ; each  bureau  conducts  its 
own  business  and  carries  out  its  special  program  of  work.  In  Cali- 
fornia the  farm  bureau  is  a federation  of  community  groups,  termed 
community  centers,  and  extension  work  is  carried  on  in  departments, 
one  of  which  is  the  farm  home  department. 

On  June  30,  1920,  231  counties  were  organized  for  home  demon- 
stration work  and  had  some  association  with  the  farm  bureau;  the 
membership  of  women  was  reported  as  78,264.  Idaho,  Montana, 
Wyoming,  and  New  Hampshire  furnish  the  best  examples  of  the 
possibilities  of  the  “ family  ” or  “ new  ” farm  bureau.  In  these  States 
the  organization  is  a vital  part  of  the  county;  the  interests  of  the 
farm,  the  home,  and  the  community  function  through  it.  This  type 
of  organization  is  proving  practical  and  is  bringing  about  large  and 
far-reaching  results  in  benefiting  the  farm  home  and  the  rural  com- 
munity, and  it  is  believed  offers  advantages  over  the  type  of  organiza- 
tion which  segregates  the  people  into  groups  with  separate  plans  and 
separate  aims. 

An  obstacle  in  the  development  of  the  “ family  ” type  of  farm 
bureau,  however,  has  been  that  farm  women,  owing  to  inexperience 
m public  matters,  hesitate  at  first  to  express  their  opinions  and  de- 
sires on  county  and  community  executive  boards,  with  the  result 
that  the  home  problems  are  frequently  not  adequately  represented  on 


12  Department  Circular  ikl,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


the  program  of  work.  These  difficulties  rarely  continue  through  the 
second  year  of  organization  and  are  generally  overcome  by  time, 
patience,  and  the  abiding  faith  of  the  home  demonstration  agent  who 
believes  that  home  and  family  are  common  interests  with  both  men 
and  women  and  that  the  problems  of  health,  efficiency,  and  comfort 
are  more  effectively  solved  when  considered  and  worked  out  together. 
Such  problems  of  the  farip.  home  as  water  supply,  sewage  disposal, 
heating,  lighting,  ventilating,  and  household  conveniences  are  best 
handled  where  the  men  and  women  are  working  them  out  together. 

When  functioning  fully  the  farm  bureau  promotes  four  outstand- 
ing features  in  the  interests  of  the  rural  home:  First,  a definite  pro- 


Fig.  3. — Extension  work  capitalizes  the  instinct  of  imitation.  Home  demonstration 
agents  arrange  “ farm  home  tours  ” so  that  men  and  women  may  study  the  best  the 
county  affords  in  household  equipment,  kitchen  arrangement,  house  furnishing,  and  the 
planting  of  the  home  grounds.  At  each  home  visited  the  host  and  hostess  explain  the 
special  feature  of  interest  an4  discuss  cost  and  value.  Specialists  from,  the  college 
frequently  contribute  to  the  educational  features  of  the  tour. 

gram  of  work  formulated  by  the  local  people  after  a study  of  home 
and  community  problems,  in  which  they  are  assisted  by  the  agricul- 
tural and  home  demonstration  agents  and  the  specialists  in  agricul- 
ture and  home  economics  provided  by  the  State  college  of  agricul- 
ture ; second,  local  people,  selected  because  of  their  interest  and  fitness 
to  lead  in  special  lines  of  work ; third,  demonstrations  in  the  home  by 
the  housewives  of  definite  principles  of  home  management  for  the 
purpose  of  multiplying  the  services  of  the  agent;  and  fourth,  the 
checking  of  results  of  projects  and  demonstrations  which  are  being 
carried  on  and  noting  the  influence  of  these  demonstrations  as  it 
spreads  from  community  to  community. 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  13 

MAKING  COUNTY  AND  COMMUNITY  PROGRAMS  AND  DEVELOP- 
ING LOCAL  LEADERS. 


The  general  plan  throughout  the  Northern  and  Western  States 
has  been  to  build  the  county  farm  bureau  program  from  programs 
worked  out  in  the  various  communities.  While  this  phase  of  exten- 
sion work  is  yet  in  its  infancy,  5,619  communities  reported  the  adop- 
tion  of  home  projects  for  1919.  Some  of  the  counties  which  have 
adopted  a program  of  work  to  include  home  activities  are  yet  with- 
out home  demonstration  agents.  In  these  units  the  women  have 
organized  local  committees,  appointed  local  leaders,  and  with  the 
assistance  of  the  county  agricultural  agent,  the  State  leader  of  home 
demonstration  agents,  and  specialists  from  the  agricultural  college 
they  are  carrying  on  demonstrations  among  themselves  until  such 
time  as  local  funds  are  available  to  employ  home  demonstration 
agents. 


W lien  a home  demonstration  agent  begins  work  in  a county  under 
the  auspices  of  the  farm  bureau,  or  other  extension  organization,  she 
consults  first  with  the  leaders  of  the  home  activities  on  the  county 
executive  board,  if  such  activities  have  been  adopted.  These  leaders 
are  usuaHy  influential  women  in  the  county  who  have  the  interests 
of  the  home  and  the  community  at  heart.  From  these  leaders  she 
hopes  to  obtain  information  regarding  the  problems  which  have 
been  selected  for  general  work  throughout  the  county. 

Tne  specific  lines  of  work  to  be  followed  are  usually  selected  by 
(fie  communities  in  consultation  with  the  home  demonstration  agent. 
The  methods  of  securing  these  community  programs  vary,  but  ex- 
perience  has  taught  that  the  local  interest  is  more  genuine  and  on 
the  whole  results  are  more  satisfactory  when  a small  group  of  in- 
terested men  and  women  of  the  community  meet  with  the  home 
demonstration  agent  and  the  county  agricultural  agent  to  talk  over 
tne  immediate  farm  and  home  problems  and  their  relation  to  the 
community.  Informal  discussion  of  the  sources  of  income  from 
the  farm  and  community,  and  of  the  chief  activities  of  the  women 
m the  home,  generally  elicits  information  regarding  the' important 
ines  of  work  to  be  undertaken  and  also  suggests  local  people  qualified 
to  act  as  volunteer  leaders  in  the  program  of  work.  This  informal 
meeting  is  followed  by  a conference  between  the  home  demonstration 
agent  and  the  women  who  have  been  chosen  to  lead  the  home  activi- 
ties in  the  community  and  together  they  work  out  a plan  of  what  is 
to  be  done,  what  demonstrations  are  to  be  given,  when  and  where 
and  m what  homes  certain  definite  things  will  be  demonstrated  by 

munit°USeW1VeS  °W  theiF  ValUe  and  Practicability  ^ the  com- 

Finding  these  local  leaders  and  the  women  who  will  act  as  demon- 
strators in  their  homes,  m other  words,  developing  local  leadership, 


14  Department  Circular  Ul,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

and  assisting  the  women  to  discover  their  latent  ability,  is  the  home 
demonstration  agent’s  most  important  work.  The  more  earnestly 
she  performs  this  duty,  and  the  more  successful  she  is  in  develop- 
ing in  the  local  people  a capacity  for  leadership,  the  more  successful 
and  permanent  will  home  demonstration  work  become  in  the  county. 
The  value  of  local  leadership  in  promoting  home  demonstration 
work  has  only  been  foreshadowed.  As  a means  of  reaching  many 
people  whom  the  agent  single  handed  could  never  hope  to  serve,  this 
local  leadership  has  unlimited  possibilities. 

The  popular  demonstrations  of  cooking  and  sewing,  common  in 
former  years,  have  been  largely  abandoned  by  home  demonstration 
agents.  The  most  successful  demonstrations  that  were  held  in  1919 
were  those  in  which  the  home  demonstration  agent  met  a small  group 
of  women,  sometimes  in  a farm  home,  on  other  occasions  in  the  com- 
munity meeting  place,  and  discussed  with  them  certain  phases  of 
home  making.  These  small  meetings  have  proved  the  most  efficient 
means  of  extending  the  influence  of  the  lesson  to  be  taught.  They 
are  the  initial  step  in  the  demonstration.  The  second  and  more  im- 
portant step  is  taken  when  these  women  return  to  their  homes  and 
put  the  teachings  of  the  home  demonstration  agent  to  practical  test. 
The  third  step  which  completes  the  demonstration  is  taken  when  the 
teachings  of  the  home  demonstration  agent  become  the  usual  prac- 
tice in  the  homes  of  the  community. 

ACTIVITIES  DIRECTED  BY  HOME  DEMONSTRATION  AGENTS. 

Among  the  special  lines  of  work  that  were  generally  carried  on 
throughout  the  North  and  West  in  1919  were  various  phases  of  home 
management,  the  production  and  preservation  of  food,  the  planning 
of  meals,  care  of  children,  home  care  of  the  sick,  making  and  remodel- 
ing clothing,  improving  home  surroundings,  and  various  community 
enterprises. 

The  reported  results  in  these  lines  are  creditable,  but  at  best  they 
are  an  inadequate  measure  of  the  value  of  the  work  which  has  been 
accomplished.  There  are  indirect  and.  intangible  benefits  accruing 
from  each  one  of  them  which  are  often  of  greater  value  in  the  com- 
munities than  those  that  can  be  expressed. 

HOME  MANAGEMENT  AND  CONVENIENCES. 

Because  of  the  rise  in  prices  of  all  kinds  of  household  commodities 
and  the  decrease  in  the  purchasing  power  of  the  dollar,  interest  in  the 
business  side  of  housekeeping  Avas  intensified  among  rural  home 
makers.  As  a result,  under  the  influence  and  guidance  of  the  home 
demonstration  agent,  166  counties  in  28  States  of  the  North  and 
West  included  some  phase  of  home  management  in  their  programs 
of  work. 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  15 


The  greatest  interest  on  the  part  of  the  local  women  seems  to  center 
on  more  and  better  labor-saving  equipment  and  better  arranged 
kitchens.  Home  demonstration  agents  report  that  last  year  the 
kitchens  in  1,169  farm  homes  were  rearranged,  659  washing  machines 
were  purchased,  and  1,452  pressure  and  steam  cookers  were  bought 


ILtVT  ST  dem0nfration  agents  train  housewives  to  become  efficient  purchasin 
; " \ The  Pf sent  era  of  high  prices  puts  a premium  on  modern  business  method 

methorU^arwi  H°™?*old  UntS’  riSh«y  kePt’  r^eal  losses  due  to  unwise  purchasin 
methods  and  make  it  possible  to  work  out  a budget  to  guide  future  expenditures  Th 
household  accounts  project  has  helped  hundreds  of  families  to  materially  reduc 
expenses. 


to  lighten  the  labor  of  cooking.  In  473  rural  homes  water  systems 
were  installed,  nearly  one-half  the  number  being  in  New  York  State. 
Excellent  results  from  this  kind  of  work  are  also  reported  from 
Illinois,  Missouri,  and  Colorado. 

In  33  counties  in  22  States  household  accounting  formed  an  im- 
portant part  of  the  home  program.  In  Massachusetts  700  account 
books  were  distributed  to  housewives  who  requested  them  from  the 


16  Department  Circular  lkl,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

home  demonstration  agents,  and  in  Utah  209  women  made  a sys- 
tematic study  of  budgets  and  accounts  throughout  the  year. 

FOOD  PRODUCTION. 

As  a result  of  the  effort  to  increase  the  home  production  of  food- 
stuffs, 31,460  gardens  were  planted  in  1919,  the  products  from  which 
were  valued  at  $421,911.  The  most  striking  examples  of  interest  in 
this  line  of  work  were  reported  from  some  of  the  desert  sections  in 
the  West,  where,  before  the  advent  of  the  home  demonstration  agent 
and  the  county  agricultural  agent,  home  gardens  were  rarely  found. 
In  almost  every  State  some  phase  of  poultry  work  was  conducted, 
such  as  culling  the  farm  home  flock,  securing  better  stock,  feeding 
and  care  of  poultry,  and  grading  and  packing  eggs.  In  this  work 
3,212  flocks  were  culled,  eliminating  107,445  nonlaying  hens,  thereby 
lessening  the  cost  of  egg  production  by  $102,815  and  thus  increasing 
the  farm  woman’s  profits.  Goat  raising  and  apiculture  for  women 
were  included  in  the  home  demonstration  agent’s  program  last  year. 

FOOD  PRESERVATION. 

Reports  for  1919  show  a decrease  in  food  preservation  in  com- 
munity canneries,  but  as  a home  industry  it  was  probably  carried 
on  as  extensively  as  during  the  war. 

The  reports  made  by  the  home  demonstration  agents  in  1919  in 
many  instances  do  not  include  the  individual  work  of  the  local 
women  but  are  generally  limited  to  products  that  were  preserved 
as  a direct  result  of  the  agent’s  instruction  and  to  some  extent  under 
her  supervision.  The  results  reported  are  1,894,099  quarts  of  canned 
fruits  and  vegetables,  443,621  quarts  of  jams  and  jellies,  and  386,989 
pounds  of  dried  fruits  and  vegetables,  of  an  estimated  total  value 
of  $873,084. 

A phase  of  food  preservation  in  the  home  which  can  be  directly 
traced  to  the  work  of  the  home  demonstration  agent  is  that  of  canning 
meat,  poultry,  and  fish,  which  is  reported  from  26  States.  Reports 
show’ that  63,989  quarts  of  poultry,  55,047  quarts  of  beef,  and  25,676 
quarts  of  pork  of  an  estimated  value  of  $117,349,  were  canned  in  1919. 
Other  meats  such  as  sausage,  game,  and  fish  amounting  to  136,618 
pounds  and  of  an  estimated  value  of  $40,448  were  preserved  for  home 
use.  The  value  of  eggs  preserved  and  sold  is  estimated  at  $346,396. 

FOOD  FOR  THE  FAMILY. 

This  phase  of  home  demonstration  work  has  been  reported  vari- 
ously under  the  title  of  food  selection  and  meal  planning,  child  wel- 
fare, child  feeding,  hot  school  lunch,  and  milk  campaigns.  As  a 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  17 


rule  the  work  has  taken  the  form  of  a county-wide  farm  bureau 
project  and  has  required  cooperation  with  State,  county,  and  local 
doctors  and  nurses,  also  with  existing  health  and  child  welfare  organ- 
izations, as  well  as  with  the  school  system.  The  program  includes 
the  weighing,  measuring,  and  physical  examination  of  children  of 
pre-school  age  and  of  school  children  at  their  respective  schools  or  in 
groups.  Follow-up  work  is  carried  on  with  the  assistance  of  indi- 
vidual home  demonstrators,  in  nutrition  classes,  and  in  milk  lunch 
groups  at  schools. 

One  State  reports  233  communities  adopting  work  of  this  kind  in 
1919,  carrying  it.  out  with  the  assistance  of  168  local  leaders  Hot 
lunches  were  established  in  2,386  schools  in  169  counties.  More  and 
better  milk  was  introduced  in  the  diet  of  children.  The  total  number 


' * ' " Js' 

m 1 r 
■Mil  : 

* '■  - ' ■•'trri 

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Plth„5THOme,  <Jemollstratl<»1  agents  teach  how  to  cultivate  the  most  precious  cron  on 

Dractirai  fniir,  malnutrition  m prosperous  rural  communities  and  lead  to 

through^  the 7 * m „child-feedillg  demonstrations  in  individual  homes  and 

°f  8*“«  ^ doctors  and 


o c lldren  reached  through  the  hot  school  lunch  was  60,022.  It  is 
reported  that  5,223  children  showed  a marked  improvement  in  mental 
alertness  and  health  as  a result  of  the  introduction  of  the  lunch  at 
school  and  the  increased  use  of  milk  at  home.  Wiser  selection  of  food 
m meal  planning  was  emphasized  in  268  counties. 

Li  Xew  1 ork,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Montana,  Wyoming, 
Utah  and  other  States,  mothers  and  children  are  being  enrolled  for 
spcci  c c lid  feeding  demonstrations.  Ninety-three  counties  report 
families  feeding  and  caring  for  children  according  to  the  directions 
of  the  home  demonstration  agents.  This  by  no  means  represents  the 
total  number  of  children  whose  feeding  has  been  improved  by  means 
of  the  nutrition  work  carried  on  under  the  direction  of  the  home 
demonstration  agents. 


18  Department  Circular  Ul,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

INCREASING  THE  USE  OF  MILK  AND  MILK  PRODUCTS. 

This  project  had  its  inception  in  the  desire  to  increase  the  use  of 
skimmed  milk  in  order  that  more  meat  and  other  less  perishable 
foods  might  be  available  during  the  war  period.  Another  contribut- 
ing factor  was  the  better-baby  campaigns,  which  were  a part  of  the 
health  crusades  conducted  by  State  and  local  health  officials.  In  both 
of  these  activities  the  home  demonstration  agent  played  an  im- 
portant part.  From  these  beginnings  has  developed  a definite  piece 
of  work,  the  plan  of  which  falls  under  two  headings,  namely,  (1) 


pIG>  q — The  agent’s  training  in  dietetics  makes  her  a reliable  guide  in  problems  of 
child  feeding.  Mothers  who  find  their  children  underweight  are  eager  to  learn 
whether  they  are  giving  them  the  right  food.  The  picture  shows  a visit  of  supervision 
to  a mother  who  has  enrolled  her  boy  for  a child  feeding  demonstration. 

an  increased  use  of  milk  and  milk  products  in  the  home  or  school, 
and  (2)  the  home  manufacture  of  milk  products. 

In  order  to  encourage  the  greater  use  of  milk  and  milk  products, 
the  home  demonstration  agent  has  taken  part  in  establishing  milk 
stations,  conducting  milk  campaigns,  introducing  milk  lunches  in 
schools,  and  giving  milk- feeding  demonstrations.  To  increase  home 
production  of  milk  products;  the  home  demonstration  agent  taught 
the  making  and  use  of  cottage  cheese  and  the  making  of  Cheddar  and 
goat’s  milk  cheese. 

The  interest  in  this  line  of  work  is  steadily  Increasing.  Plans  for 
1920  indicate  more  intensive  work  in  milk  campaigns  and  milk-feed- 
ing demonstrations  in  both  the  home  and  the  school.  Two  economic 
problems  are  closely  connected  with  this  work,  that  of  the  laige 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  19 

surplus  of  milk  in  certain  districts  of  the  country  during  certain 
seasons  of  the  year,  and  the  lack  of  a sufficient  and  clean  milk  supply 
in  other  localities. 

In  connection  with  this  work  635  local  women  were  given  special 
training  in  home  butter  and  cheese  making.  Cottage  and  other 
cheeses  were  made  in  the  home  to  the  amount  of  395,718  pounds, 
valued  at  $69,035.  As  a direct  result  of  the  home  demonstration 
work  showing  the  value  of  milk  and  butter  as  food,  the  total  increase 
in  the  home  use  of  milk  reported  from  12  States  was  1,049,015  quarts 
and  of  butter  1,028,644  pounds. 


HOME  NURSING. 

More  than  3,500  talks  and  demonstrations  were  given  in  1919  on 
strictly  health  subjects  by  the  home  demonstration  agents,  who  also 
made  about  2,000  visits  to  homes  where  instruction  in  the  home  care 
of  sick  was  required. 

The  epidemic  of  influenza  during  the  winter  of  1918-19  stimulated 
an  interest  in  the  rudiments  of  home  care  of  the  sick.  As  a result 
202  counties  reported  definite  programs  in  home  nursing,  personal 
hygiene,  and  sanitation  in  1919.  Home  demonstration  agents  gave 
instruction  to  31,729  families  in  home  care  of  the  sick,  and  16,000 
families  laid  in  emergency  supplies. 

Idaho  reported  in  1919  that  the  county  nurse  was  a member  of  the 
farm  bureau  staff,  so  that  three  counties  in  the  State  had  home  health 
nurses  supervised  from  the  extension  office  in  the  agricultural  college 
by  the  State  home  health  specialist,  who  was  a registered  nurse. 

In  several  of  the  States  employing  registered  nurses  as  home  health 
specialists  on  the  State  extension  staff,  emphasis  is  being  placed  on 
prenatal  care,  with  the  result  that  the  local  health  leaders  in  certain 
sections  are  sending  into  the  home  demonstration  agents  the  names  of 
women  in  their  communities  who  need  information  on  this  subject. 

Massachusetts  reported  that  home  demonstration  agents  had  coop- 
erated with  the  State  department  of  health  under  the  guidance  of 
one  of  its  woman  physicians  as  general  leader  of  the  health  project. 
Each  home  demonstration  agent  in  developing  her  work  in  the  health 
project  consulted  with  the  department’s  physician  and  registered 
nurse  in  her  respective  health  district.  In  five  counties  in  Massa- 
chusetts the  farm  bureau  was  instrumental  in  securing  needed  dental 
clinics  m isolated  rural  communities.  In  Worcester  County  the  farm 
bureau  purchased  a dentist’s  chair  and  part  of  the  necessary  dental 
equipment,  the  purpose  being  to  provide  a means  of  caring  for  the 
children’s  teeth. 

CLOTHING. 

Demonstration  work  in  garment  making  and  remodeling  was  con- 
ducted in  practically  all  of  the  33  Northern  and  Western  States.  It 


20  Department  Circular  Ui,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture . 

was  carried  out  in  three  lines:  (1)  Conservation  of  wool  and  cotton 
materials  as  a war  service  (this  was  continued  as  a thrift  measure 
and  included  the  remodeling  and  renovating  of  garments)  ; (2)  gar- 
ment making,  including  the  making  of  dress  forms,  alteration  of  com- 
mercial patterns,  and  the  making  and  fitting  of  adults’  and  children’s 
garments;  and  (3)  the  establishment  of  salvage  shops  for  the  re- 
modeling and  renovating  of  garments. 

The  clothing  work  affords  a striking  example  of  the  assistance 
that  can  be  rendered  by  the  local  women.  In  a number  of  States  it 
is  largely  due  to  the  effort  of  the  local  women  that  the  work  has  been 


Fig.  7. — Extension  work  with  clothing  is  helpful  and  popular.  A survey  of  10,000 
farm  homes  shows  75  per  cent  of  farm  housewives  making  a generous  share  of  the 
family  clothing.  Clothing  schools  like  the  one  pictured  above  have  proved  that  the 
clothing  specialist  and  the  home  demonstration  agent  can  give  the  home  dressmaker 
a grasp  of  the  principles  of  clothing  construction  and  a mastery  of  professional  short 
cuts  that  save  time,  money,  and  worry. 

so  generally  effective.  Massachusetts  is  a conspicuous  example  of 
the  growing  tendency  to  use  the  skill  and  experience  of  local  women 
in  extending  the  instruction  given  by  clothing  specialists  and  home 
demonstration  agents.  In  this  State  local  leaders  trained  by  the 
specialist  and  agents  have  extended  practical  assistance  much  further 
than  could  have  been  done  by  any  other  method.  Lessons  in  milli- 
nery were  given  in  the  same  way. 

This  piece  of  extension  work  and  the  results  obtained  from  it  have 
met  a long-felt  want  in  rural  communities,  where  the  problem  of 
suitable  clothing  for  the  housewife  and  members  of  her  family  has 
been  serious  for  years. 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  21 

IMPROVING  HOME  AND  COMMUNITY  SURROUNDINGS. 

This  work  is  in  its  infancy.  Interest  in  this  project  began  im- 
mediately after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  some  initial  efforts  on  its 
various  phases  were  started  in  1919. 

Tree  planting  developed  sufficiently  to  prove  that  people  every- 
where are  becoming  conscious  of  the  desire  for  beauty  in  surround- 
ings. Some  phases  of  the  project  undertaken  included  tree  plant- 
ing, especially  in  arid  regions,  improvement  of  public  camping 
grounds,  planting  of  flowers  and  shrubs,  and  the  improvement  of 
school  buildings.  In  one  county,  in  Colorado,  11  communities  placed 
tree  growing  on  their  program  of  work,  and  approximately  2,000 
trees  were  ordered  through  the  farm  bureau.  A New  Mexico  county 
adopted  rose  planting  for  the  beautifying  of  home  grounds  as  a 
project. 

COMMUNITY  ENTERPRISES, 

During  1918  the  home  demonstration  agent  was  often  the  chief 
worker  in  community  enterprises,  which  frequently  included  cam- 
paigns for  the  preservation  and  conservation  of  food  and  for  other 
emergency  purposes,  but  in  1919  she  was  principally  the  organizer 
and  her  office  a clearing  house  for  ideas  regarding  the  work.  Some  of 
the  activities  which  were  instituted  as  wartime  measures  are  now 
permanent,  and  have  become  an  economic  factor  in  the  community. 
The  home  demonstration  agent  has  been  instrumental  in  crystallizing 
the  sentiment  of  the  community  into  definite  plans  based  on  actual 
needs,  and  has  assisted  in  organizing  the  available  talent  for  carrying 
on  these  local  enterprises. 

Three  types  of  community  enterprises  were  developed  during  the 
year:  (1)  Economic,  including  food  preservation,  the  hot  school 
lunch,  cooperative  laundries,  cooperative  buying  and  selling  asso- 
ciations, labor-saving  devices,  and  salvage  shops;  (2)  social,  includ- 
ing recreation  centers,  civic  improvements,  and  rest  rooms;  and  (3) 
educational,  such  as  farm  home  tours,  libraries,  and  magazine  circles. 

Special  interest  was  shown  in  those  community  enterprises  which 
represent  an  awakened  social  consciousness,  as  indicated  by  the  estab- 
lishment of  rest  rooms,  circulating  libraries,  magazine  centers,  study 
tours,  public  playgrounds,  public  markets,  cooperative  laundries.  Im- 
proving the  school  lunch  was  undertaken  as  a community  project  in 
every  State.  State  reports  show  this  work  to  be  progressing  so 
satisfactorily  that  during  1920  it  will  be  continued  by  local  people 
with  less  need  for  aid  from  the  home  demonstration  agent  in  creat- 
ing interest  in  it. 

Out  of  the  462  food  preservation  and  demonstration  centers  which 
were  established  during  the  war,  195  were  in  operation  last  vear 


22  Department  Circular  lkl,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

and  have  been  reorganized  on  permanent  plans.  The  volunteer  man- 
agement of  the  war  period  has  been  replaced  by  a paid  manager 
and  assistants  and  the  enterprise  has  been  put  on  a business  basis. 
Community  canning  and  curing  of  meat,  fish,  poultry,  and  game 
as  well  as  the  canning  of  vegetables  and  fruits  will  be  concentrated 
in  these  centers  in  many  localities. 

Several  ventures  in  establishing  curb  markets  by  the  local  women 
under  the  direction  of  the  home  demonstration  agents  were  started 
in  1918,  but  one  general  market  in  California  and  a poultry  market 


Fig.  8. — Home  demonstration  agents  have  been  pioneers  in  introducing  the  hot  school 
lunch.  Records  for  demonstration  groups  of  rural  school  children  prove  that  serving 
a hot  dish  to  supplement  the  cold  lunch  brought  from  home  results  in  increased  weight, 
better  spirits,  and  improved  school  records.  Special  emphasis  is  laid  on  the  use  of 
milk.  The  work  takes  little  time,  the  children  enjoy  it,  and  the  picture  shows  that 
the  equipment  may  be  very  inexpensive. 

in  Nebraska  seem  to  give  the  most  promising  indications  of  per- 
manency. 

Clean-up  campaigns  aided  by  home  demonstration  agents  have 
borne  fruit  in  a general  realization  that  civic  improvement  is  the 
responsibility  of  all  the  people,  and  landscape  gardening  for  school 
and  church  grounds,  improvement  of  school  buildings,  public  toilets, 
and  waiting  stations;  and  the  planting  of  trees,  flowers,  and  shrubs 
are  other  civic  expressions  of  the  purpose  and  influence  of  the  com- 
munity enterprises  fostered  by  the  home  demonstration  agents. 

Sixty-eight  cooperative  buying  and  selling  associations,  with  a 
membership  of  12,905,  and  conducting  a business  valued  at  $45,927. 
were  formed  during  the  year  1919 ; 191  salvage  shops  were  opened 


Status  and  Results  of  Home  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  23 


and  58  community  rest  rooms  furnished  for  the  convenience  of  the 
local  people,  and  96  recreation  centers  were  established. 

SUMMARY. 

Benefits  accruing  from  educational  work  are  difficult  to  determine, 
and  this  is  particularly  true  when  the  education  deals  with  habits  of 
living  and  the  ordinary  practices  of  daily  work.  Intangible  influence 
is  often  much  greater  than  that  which  can  be  summarized  or  tabu- 
lated. Owing  to  the  newness  of  the  work  and  the  inexperience  of 
the  workers  in  following  up  demonstrations,  the  reports  of  home 
demonstration  work  last  year  by  no  means  tell  the  story  of  achieve- 
ment. 

Some  of  the  leading  lines  and  results  of  home  demonstration  work 
in  1919  are  summarized  in  the  following  tables: 

Projects  and  their  distribution,  by  States , in  1919. 


States. 

Home 

man- 

age- 

ment. 

House 

plan- 

ning. 

Food 

pro- 

duc- 

tion. 

Food 

pres- 

erva- 

tion. 

Nutri- 

tion. 

I^ealth 

and 

child 

care. 

Cloth- 

ing. 

Com- 

munity 

enter- 

prises. 

j Total. 

1 

Arizona 

X 

v 

X 

X 

X 

V 

X 

X 

California 

X 

x 

v 

A 

V 

X 

7 

Colorado 

A 

X 

X 

A 

x 

X 

v 

X 

X 

X ;• 

8 

Connecticut 

X 

x 

X 

A 

X 

A 

v 

X 

v 

X 

X 

X 

7 

Delaware 

A 

V 

X . 

8 

A 

A 

X 

X 

5 

Idaho 

X 

x 

X 

v 

v 

X 

X 

Illinois 

x 

A 

v 

A 

v 

X 

X 

X 

8 

Indiana 

x 

x 

A 

v 

A 

v 

X 

X 

X 

X 

8 

Iowa 

x 

A 

v 

A 

v 

X 

X 

X 

8 

Kansas 

x 

A 

v 

A 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

1 

A 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Maine 

x 

X 

X 

X 

Massachusetts 

x 

V 

....... 

X . 

X 

X 

fi 

Michigan 

X 

X 

x 

v 

A 

V 

X 

X 

Minnesota 

A 

v 

A 

v 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

* 

Missouri 

A 

v 

A 

V 

X 

X 

A 

A 

X 

X 

7 

Montana 

X 

X 

x 

X 

x 

v 

X 

v 

X 

X 

Nebraska 

A 

v 

X 

7 

Nevada 

x 

v 

A 

V 

A 

X 

x 

X 

6 

New  Hampshire 

x 

A 

X 

A 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

8 

New  Jersey 

X 

X 

X 

6 

X 

X 

x 

New  Mexico 

X ' 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

\s 

X 

New  York 

x 

X 

X 

X 

X 

7 

North  Dakota 

x 

v 

X 

X 

x 1 

6 

Ohio 

x 

A 

v 

X 

X 

X 

7 

Oregon 

x 

x 1 

A 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

7 

X 

X 

X 

6 

Pennsylvania 1 

nuuue  ±Md*IlCl 

South  Dakota 

X . 
x 

V 

v 

X 

X 

X 

X 

3 

Utah 

a 

A 

X* 

x 1 

x 

v 

V 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Vermont 

x 

A 

A 

x 

X 

v 

X 

X 

X 

8 

Washington 

X 

x 

A 

X 

X 

x 

X 

6 

Wisconsin 

X 

X 

X 

X 

3 

W voming 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

0 

Total 

31 

11 

23 

30 

31 

24 

32  | 

30 

212 

1 No  counties  with  a permanent  home  demonstration  agent. 


24  Department  Circular  1M,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Some  results  of  extension  work  with  women,  1919. 


Kind  and  extent  of  work. 


Estimated 

value. 


Gardens  planted 31,460 

Estimated  value  of  produce  from  gardens 

Poultry  flocks  culled 3, 212 

Nonlaying  hens  eliminated 107,445 

Estimated  value  of  eggs  preserved  and  sold 

Localleaders  trained  in  butter  and  cheese  making 

Cottage  and  other  cheeses  made pounds. . 395, 718 

Estimated  value  of  cheeses , 

Fruitsand  vegetables  canned quarts. . 1,894, 099 

Jellies  and  jams  made do 443, 621 

Dried  fruits  and  vegetables pounds. . 386, 989 

Brined  vegetables quarts. . 76, 389 

Estimated  value  of  preserved  fruits  and  vegetables . 

Poultry  canned quarts. . 63, 989 

Beefcinned do 55,047 

Pork  canned do....  25,676 

Estimated  value  of  canned  meats 

Por smoked  or  pickled pounds. . 440, 948 

Game  and  i sh  preserved do 136, 618 

Hotlunchesestablishedin  schools 2,386 

N umber  of  children  reached  through  hot  school  lunch 60, 022 

Number  of  children  showing  marked  improvement  as  result  of  hot  school  lunch...  5,223 

Counties  adopting  home  nursing  project 202 

Familiesreceivinginstructionin  home  nursing 31, 729 

Counties  adopting  home  convenience  project 166 

Washing  machines  purchased 659 

Fireless  cookers  pur  chased 3,623 

Driers  purchased  for  home  drying 594 

Power  machinery  purchased  for  home  use,  number  pieces 428 

Water  systemsinstailed 473 

Rearranged  kitchens 1,169] 

Garments  made  or  remodeled 45, 592 

Estimated  savingin  clothing 

Families  keeping  expense  records 6, 427 

Families  adopting  a budget  system 1, 260 

Community  kitchens  established 225 

Cooperative  buying  and  selling  associations  established 68 

Membership  in  cooperative  associations 12, 905 

Estimated  value  of  cooperative  business 

Salvage  shops  opened 191 

Community  rest  rooms  opened 58 

Recreation  centers  established 96 


$421,  .911 


346, 396 
635 


69, 035 


873, 084 


107,349 
116, 136 
40, 448 


280,036 


45,927 


The  data  given  in  these  tables  show  the  few  lines  of  work  that 
can  be  tabulated.  In  securing  these  results  and  others  not  reported, 
the  home  demonstration  agents  visited  during  the  year  74,588  women, 
while  117,073  people  called  at  the  home  demonstration  agents’  offices 
on  matters  relating  to  home  demonstration  work.  Fifty-three  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  twelve  meetings  and  demonstrations  were 
held  under  the  direction  of  the  home  demonstration  agents,  attended 
by  2,038,779  people,  and  2,549  boys’  and  girls’  clubs  were  organized 
with  a membership  of  2,619  boys  and  21,333  girls.  The  home  demon- 
stration agents  sent  out  463,476  letters,  not  including  circulars,  wrote 
20,369  articles  for  the  use  of  local  leaders,  and  distributed  bulletins 
and  leaflets  as  follows:  Publications  of  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  966,360,  of  the  State  college  of  agriculture  610,903,  issued 
by  other  agencies  388,436.  The  total  number  of  people  reached 
through  the  activities  of  the  home  demonstration  agent  is  reported 
as  2,132,699. 

OUTLOOK. 

It  is  safe  to  state  that  the  fiscal  year  just  passed  marks  the  real 
hesrinninir  in  the  Northern  and  Western  States  of  organized  home 
demonstration  work  on  a broad,  permanent  basis,  conforming  to  the 


Status  and  Results  of  Home,  Demonstration  Work,  1919.  25 

idea  of  community  self-determination  and  leadership.  This  work, 
which  began  with  State- wide  propaganda  of  college  ideals  in  home 
economics  and  which  often  disregarded  individual  and  community 
initiative,  has  now  crystalized  into  plans  made  and  carried  out 
home  makers  themselves  who  are  assisted  and*  guided  by  home 
demonstration  agents  and  such  specialists  as  the  agricultural  college 
is  able  to  supply.  Thus,  from  the  overhead  type  of  organization  with 
the  few  assuming  the  responsibility  and  deriving  the  benefits,  the 
trend  is  toward  an  ideal  partnership  between  the  scientific  worker 
and  the  housewives  whom  she  serves. 

Extension  workers  have  as  yet  but  glimpsed  the  possibilities  of 
home  demonstration  work  as  a means  of  discovering  and  developing 
latent  leadership  and  power,  and  of  stimulating  in  the  women  of  the 
country  the  habit  of  observing  and  analyzing  home  and  community 
conditions  with  a view  to  taking  organized  action  to  change  these 
conditions  so  that  there  may  be  developed  a richer  and  more  satisfy- 
ing country  life. 

The  future  is  full  of  promise.  Successful  work  seems  more  certain 
in  counties  where  a concentrated  program  has  been  followed.  There 
is  still  a tendency  in  some  sections  to  continue  the  form  of  extension 
work  which  calls  for  a program  largely  presented  by  paid  workers. 
There  aie,  however,  a sufficient  number  of  States  which  are  following 
the  modern  plan  of  extension  work  requiring  the  cooperation  and 
experience  of  the  local  women  to  prove  that  it  is  the  way  to  perma- 
nence and  success.  Many  of  the  agents  are  coming  to  realize  that 
intensive  work  on  not  more  than  two  projects  which  fit  some  im- 
mediate. need  of  the  people  has  effected  more  definite  results  and 
gained  a stronger  and  more  liberal  support  from  the  local  people 
than  is  possible  when  a larger  program  is  attempted. 

On  June  30,  1920,  there  was  a considerable  increase  in  the  number 
o counties  which  had  opened  their  doors  to  admit  women  members 
to  the  county  extension  organization  and  include  the  home  projects 
m their  programs  of  work.  In  counties  where  this  was  done. the 
results  have  been  gratifying  not  only  in  the  development  of  home 
demonstration  work,  but  in  strengthening  the  extension  organization 
and  extending  its  usefulness. 

As  one  looks  back  to  1916  and  realizes  the  amount  of  money  and 
eiiort  that  has  been  expended  upon  this  work  the  development 
seems  comparatively  small,  yet  to-day,  with  less  than  300  home 
demonstration  agents,  50  per  cent  of  whom  have  been  in  the  service 
less  than  a year,  we  have  probably  reached  the  highest  level  vet 
attained  in  extension  work  witli  rural  women,  and  the  stability  and 
permanency  of  this  work  seem  assured  because  of  the  support  and 
cooperation  of  the  rural  people,  based  on  the  conviction  that  it 
increases  home  efficiency  and  improves  rural  life. 


o 


TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION 

UNDER  THE  ACCREDITED-HERD  PLAN 


HERD  LIST  No.  3 


LIST  OF  HERDS,  ALL  BREEDS,  OFFICIALLY  ACCREDITED 
AS  FREE  FROM  TUBERCULOSIS 


TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION  DIVISION 
J.  A.  KIERNAN,  Chief 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  142 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 
JOHN  R.  MOHLER,  Chief 


\V  ashington,  D.  C.  Revised  to  June  30,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1910 


ONTROL  with  a view  to  the  eventual  eradication  of 


tuberculosis  in  cattle  is  being  accomplished  by  sys- 
tematic efforts  of  Federal  and  State  authorities  in  coopera- 
tion with  cattle  breeders’  associations  and  herd  owners. 

A definite  plan  was  adopted  in  1917  whereby  herds  of 
cattle  passing  the  prescribed  number  of  official  tuberculin 
tests  should  be  certified  or  accredited  as  free  from  tuber- 
culosis. 

An  accredited  herd  is  one  that  has  successfully  passed 
two  annual  or  three  semiannual  tuberculin  tests  applied  by 
regularly  employed  veterinary  inspectors  of  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry  or  of  the  State  where  cooperative  work  is 
conducted,  and  has  otherwise  complied  with  the  regulations 
governing  the  work. 

The  following  list  shows  herds  accredited  to  date.  If  the 
status  of  any  of  the  accredited  herds  on  this  list  is  changed, 
prompt  notice  of  the  fact  will  be  furnished  to  the  officials 
of  the  various  States. 

The  different  breeds  of  cattle,  the  names  of  the  owners, 
and  States  where  the  herds  are  located  are  arranged  in 
alphabetical  order.  A number  of  summary  lists  are  also 
included.  Additional  lists  will  be  published  from  time  to 
time. 

For  information  on  herds  which  have  been  tested  once 
and  found  to  be  free  from  tuberculosis,  apply  to  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, stating  the  breed  or  breeds  in  which  you  are 
interested. 


2 


TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION  UNDER  THE  ACCREDITED-HERD  PLAN. 


HERD  LIST  NO.  3. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

1.  List  of  accredited  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners,  breeds,  and 


States  where  located 4 

Aberdeen  Angus 4 

Ayrshire 5 

Brown  Swiss 6 


Devon 

Dutch  Belted 

Galloway 

Guernsey 


Hereford 14 

Pol  led  Hereford 17 

Holstein- Friesian 17 

Jersey , 29 

Red  Polled 40 

Shorthorn 41 

Milking  Shorthorn 46 

Polled  Shorthorn •. 46 

2.  Summary  list,  by  States,  of  accredited  and  tested  herds  of  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle.  47 

3.  Summary  list,  by  breeds,  of  accredited  and  once-tested  herds  of  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade 

cattle. _ . 48 

4.  Total  number,  by  States,  of  accredited  and  once-tested  cattle 48 

5.  Total  number,  by  breeds,  of  accredited  and  once- tested  cattle 49 

6.  Summary  list,  by  States,  of  additional  herds  under  supervision  but  containing  one  or  more  re- 

actors  49 

Record  of  Progress  in  Accredited-Herd  Work 52 


In  the  following  lists  the  herds  under  the  heading  ‘‘Accredited  ” are  those  accredited 
by  the  State  officials  and  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  as  free  from 
tuberculosis.  Those  in  the  tables  under  the  heading  “Once  tested  without  reactors  * 
have  passed  successfully  one  official  tuberculin  test.  This  publication  contains  the 
names  and  addresses  of  owners  of  accredited  herds  of  5 or  more  purebred  cattle  or  10 
or  more  grades.  A tabulation  of  the  smaller  herds  appears  on  page  47.  For  supple- 
mentary lists  of  once-tested  herds,  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

A large  number  of  other  herds  have  been  tested  officially,  but  as  one  or  more  re- 
acting or  suspected  animals  were  found  in  each  of  them,  such  herds  do  not  appear 
except  as  tabulated  on  page  49. 


3 


4 


Department  Cir.  ik2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


1.  LIST  OF  ACCREDITED  HERDS  OF  NOT  LESS  THAN  5 PUREBRED  OR 
10  GRADE  CATTLE,  SHOWING  OWNERS,  BREEDS,  AND  STATES  WHERE 
LOCATED. 

ABERDEEN  ANGUS. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 
c ttle. 

ALABAMA. 

French,  H.  L 

13 

10 

Raney  Bros 

31 

1 

ARKANSAS. 

Dalton,  E 

Pocahontas . . . 

38 

Mebane  Bros 

19 

3 

Mebane  & Son,  W.  W 

do 

17 

1 

INDIANA. 

Hewitt,  Raymond 

West  Terre  Haute. . . 

7 

5 

Learning,  G”.  C 

Romney. . . . 

18 

2 

Peebles, “A.  D 

Darlington 

11 

2 

Pruesner,  Wm.  F 

11 

9 

Purdue  University 

La  Fayette 

108 

7 

Shonkwiler,  Elmer 

Raub. 

8 

3 

KANSAS. 

Hedstrom,  Emil 

Lost  Springs 

44 

KENTUCKY. 

Cave,  J.  T 

Bard  well 

9 

Cunningham 

31 

Hardinsburg 

8 

7 

Bardwell 

29 

6 

Smithfield 

29 

15 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Watson,  John  B 

Becket,  R.  R 

16 

MINNESOTA. 

Anderson,  W.  J 

Winnebago,  R.  3 

27 

2 

Campbell  Bros 

Utica 

52 

25 

Campbell,  Wallace 

.do 

42 

2 

Cocker,  N.  R.  & W.  J.. 

Lanesboro 

16 

8 

Emmons,  H.  H... 

Emmons 

30 

5 

Keeler,  R.  W. 

Chokio 

39 

6 

McCarville,  D . F 

Slayton 

21 

3 

Messer,  B.  P.,  & Son 

Huntley 

11 

13 

Mever,  Wm . . 

Blue  Earth 

14 

8 

Milne,  John  .. 

Canton 

22 

4 

Olson,  J 0 

Nelson 

29 

2 

Peters,  C A 

Freeborn 

4 

40 

Purvis  Geo  E 

Eyota 

40 

Riddell  G H 

Balat  on 

11 

8 

Roberts,  D R 

Russell 

12 

5 

Ryan  q a 

Canton 

19 

3 

Thompson  G C 

Fairmont 

19 

6 

Thorsen  Olaf 

Peterson,  R.  2 

44 

8 

Will  ford  M C 

Canton 

15 

5 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Dunn  T F 

Hazlehurst 

27 

cmnlin  ftt.ncV  Farm 

Sardis 

190 

IViCtgllGliCl  O IULJV  J-  (XL  1U.  - - 

NEBRASKA. 

Amsberry  J A 

Mason  City 

90 

Dorset,  Mrs.  N.  A 

do 

» 

1 

T'lnlrc*  IVTi'c  7.  A 

r|  n 

9 

U lUVc.  1VL1  o , t-i  • il 

Hovder  \lb6rt  L 

Fairfield 

6 

9 

Webermeier  W J 

Milford 

16 

2 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Pilot  Stock  Fnrm 

Salisbury 

51 

14 

Tjrcnn  dricro*  T 

Greenville 

16 

xyson,  vjrngg  x 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

R nvd  T)  C 

Crary 

18 

6 

Danzig 

16 

Larson,  L . A - 

Pingree 

30  ! 

4 

Stauffacher,  J.  G.  L 

Steele 

26  1 
QQ 

3 

Wvlder.  Louis 

Cathay 

OO  , 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3, 


ABERDEEN  ANGUS — Continued. 


Name. 


Gossett,  E.  L 

Griffith,  J.  F 

Hutchison,  E.  H . . 
Jones  & Son,  J.  W. 


Osborne,  D.  A.,  & Sons 
Woods,  F.  A.,  & Sons.. 


Arrington  Bros. 
Stalworth,  J.  L. 


Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

OHIO. 

Mount  Crab 

2 

5 

Everett 

15 

19 

Xenia 

c 

Larue 

54 

0 

Q 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

I* 

Jackson  Center,  R.  18 

15 

18 

in 

Mercer,  R.  8... 

lu 

* A 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

0 

Kirksey . . . 

5 

07 

Gaines 

o / 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


Speirs,  John  R 


Ree  Heights. 


TENNESSEE. 


Ames  Plantation 

Anderson,  S.  B 

Bogle  & Bogle 

Brakebill,  H.  W.  & C.  S 

Duncan,  Henry 

Frow,  J.  M 

Hardin,  G.  B 

Hitch,  John 

Kinnard,  J.  T 

Moore,  Robt.  W 

Thompson,  M.  H 

Whitehurst,  Dr.  F.  W... 


Grand  Junction 

Cookeville 

Lenoir  City 

Rockford 

Maryville 

do 

Concord 

Maryville 

Columbia 

Bolivar 

Norene 

Brownsville 


Buchanan,  A.  F 

Garnett,  S.  H 

McSpadden,  J.  E 

Morrison,  G.  H 


VIRGINIA. 

Glade  Spring 

Locust  Dale 

Chilhowie 

Fredericksburg 


Total  (Aberdeen  Angus,  United  States) 


58 

8 

103 

63 

4 

5 

16 

3 

23 

53 

18 

58 

4 

9 

•6 

81 

31 

16 

8 

12 

1 

14 

13 

4 

1 

22 

14 

4 

11 

37 

5 

21 

,068 

588 

AYRSHIRE. 


Barthold,  J.  Frank. 
Richards,  C.  C 


Gossard  Breeding  Estates... 

Sanderson,  A.  H 

Schoenleber,  F.  S 

Taylor,  George ” 

Wendell,  Thos. 


Atwood,  Jordan  F 

Bragan,  Clinton  J 

Bryant,  W.  L 

Dean,  Alvin  F 

Dunn, A. L 

Files,  Dr.  E . W.*’ 

Lunt,  James  L ' 

Robinson,  A.  H 


Gorsuch,  Dickinson. 


Hinckley,  H.  P. 


FLORIDA. 

Jacksonville,  Lackawanna  Road. 

INDIANA. 


Oakland  on. 


wiison, Aita m oiathe 


KANSAS. 

Turon 

Marysville 

Linwood 

Onaga ” ” ’ ‘ ‘ 

Beattie 


MAINE. 


Sabattus,  R.  I 

Hallowell 

East  Sumner 

Portland ’ . ' 

North  Yarmouth 

Portland 

Mechanics  Falls 

Bangor 


MARYLAND. 


Glencoe . 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Agawam . 


23 


33 


52 


6 


Department  Cir.  Ib2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture, 


AYRSHIRE— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

. 

MINNESOTA. 

Havana 

18 

Gallinger,  R.  J 

Glenwood 

21 

Wessel  Bros 

W inona 

2 

22 

Wilcox,  Mrs.  J.  F...  . . 

Excelsior 

6 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
College. 

Starkville 

23 

14 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Barrett,  Frank  B 

Red  Bank 

15 

Probasco,  Wm.  V 

Creamridgo 

24 

NEW  YORK. 

Goodyear,  C.  W 

Y oungstown 

6 ! 

Schuylerville..  

24 

Mohonk  Lake . . 

22 

Greenville 

is 

3 

Stowell,  Floyd  D 

Black  Creek 

71  ! 

OREGON. 

Honeyman,  J.  D 

Scappoose 

61 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Deubler’s,  James,  Sons.. 

Berwyn,  Valley  Forge  Farms 

96 

2 

Griscom,  Mrs.  C.  A 

Gladwyne,  Soapstone  Farm 

28 

1 

Mowrey,  Guy  A . . 

Danville,  R.  5 

11 

Palmer,  Charles  A . . . 

Montrose,  R.  6 

24 

3 

Pennsylvania  State  College 

State  College 

8 

1 

Roberts,  Percival,  jr. . 

Narberth,  Penshurst  Farm 

144 

Stony  Ridge  Farm;  Geo.  H.  Rohrer, 
manager. 

Williamson  Free  Trade  School.. 

Bowers 

6 

3 

Williamson  School 

24 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Perry,  Harvey 

Westerly 

8 

VERMONT. 

Bell,  E.  H 

St.  Albans 

9 

10 

Dewey,  J.  E. . 

Middlebury 

11 

Dunham,  C.  E 

Bethel 

14 

3 

Lamson,  N.  G 

South  Royalton 

9 

Richards,  E.  K. 

Kirby.. .' 

18 

Sheldon,  Rex  P 

Salisbury 

12 

9 

United  States  Government  Morgan  Horse 
Farm. 

Middlebury . 

4 

VIRGINIA. 

Mann,  H.  W.... 

Cobham 

56 

WASHINGTON. 

Chandler,  E.  M. 

Burbank 

7 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Reymann,  Paul  0.,  Hill  Top  Farm 

Wheeling 

109 

West  Virginia  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station,  Reymann  Memorial  Farm. 

W ardens  ville 

91 

! 

WISCONSIN. 

Laubenstein,  Val  & Son  . 

Grafton 

20 

Total  ( A vr shire.  United  States') 

1,287 

274 

BROWN  SWISS. 


Streit,  R.  J 

Leighton. . . . 

ALABAMA. 

33 

Peterson,  P.  A 

Newark 

ILLINOIS. 

10 

Yoder,  M.  S 

Shipshewana. 

INDIANA. 

11 



Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 , 


7 


BROWN  SWISS— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Bergler,  Wm 

MINNESOTA. 

Winona... 

22 

Dale,  J.  W 

16 

41 

60 

83 

26 

18 

9 

23 

38 

52 

Lilly,  A 

5 

Bohart,  W.  O 

MONTANA. 

Bozeman. 

Freemver,  Frank 

NEW  YORK. 

Middleburg. 

Brugger,  Theo 

Inman,  B.  P 

OREGON. 

Gresham 

Junction  City 

2 

Meyersick,  Ed 

La  Grande . . . 

Neuhard,  Geo.  H 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Elm  Grove,  R 

Inman,  Ira 

WISCONSIN. 

Beloit 

Martin,  Andrew 

West  Salem 

1 

i oral  (Mown  Swiss,  United  States) 

387 

63 

DEVON. 


Carr,  H.  D 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Lebanon 

6 

28 

34 

Palmer,  E.  G 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Ridgeway 

6 

6 

Total  (Devon,  United  States). 

DUTCH  BELTED. 


Wilson,  J.  A 

MAINE. 

Brunswick 

18 

Total  (Dutch  Belted,  United  States). 

18 

GALLOWAY. 


Van  Valkenburgh,  H.  W. . . 

MINNESOTA. 

Osakis 

38 

40 

Total  (Galloway,  United  States) . . 

38 

40 

GUERNSEY. 


Converse,  E.  C. . . 

CONNECTICUT. 

Greenwich 

, 

Breidablik  Farms. 
Delcastle  Farms 

DELAWARE. 
Wilmington 

56 

64 

32 

57 

45 

35 

National  Training  School  for  Girls 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 
Conduit  Road  and  District.  Lino 

1 

6 

Johnson,  V.  C. . . 

FLORIDA. 

Dinsmore 

9 

156 

Department  Cir.  Ik2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


GUERNSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

ILLINOIS. 

Babson,  Fred.  K . . . 

Hinsdale.  . 

82 

Donnelley,  Reuben  H 

Libert  yville. . 

41 

Lehman,  0.  W 

Lake  Villa. 

69 

Quinn,  Frank  J 

Peoria. . . . 

23 

Saemisch,  R.  G 

Long  Point 

3 

Sass,  Ernest  W 

Streator. . . 

68 

Ten  Broeck,  Drew 

McLean 

49 

Welch,  Geo.  W 

Colchester.. . 

6 

Ziesing,  August 

Deerfield. . . 

41 

INDIANA. 

Adams,  A.  E 

Plymouth 

19 

Eberhart,  F.  J 

Mishawaka.. 

23 

George,  C.  R.  & R.  L 

I>ebanon . . . 

5 

Halt,  Demis  A.,  Estate 

Plymouth 

7 

Harness,  Harry  E . 

Andrews 

7 

Johnson,  Mrs.  M.  C 

Muncie 

19 

McNagney,  Robt.  R 

Columbia  City . . 

27 

McQuinn,  J.  S.  & E.  G 

Newcastle  . ' 

27 

Rauth  & Sons,  J.  Geo 

Boone ville . . . 

a 

IOWA. 

[ 

Adams  & Swain 

Algona 

Forsythe,  Piercy 

Griswold.. 

8 

Hutchins,  H.  D 

Algona 

Mountain  Bros 

Des  Moines,  R 5 

55 

Wimer,  H.  E 

Blencoe 

13 

KANSAS. 

Ransom  & Devilbiss 

Homewood .... 

51 

MAINE. 

Ames,  Mrs.  J.  B 

Castine 

4 

Ayer,  W.  R.,  & Sons 

Augusta 

23 

Brown,  Herbert  J . . . . 

Portland 

11 

Copeland,  Roswell  E 

Brewer 

Copeland,  Will  H 

do 

Day  Bros 

West  Kennebunk 

2 

Day,  Frank  B 

Lisbon  Falls . 

Q 

Drummond,  A.  T 

Waterville 

o 

17 

Dunning,  Jas.  A 

Bangor 

7 

Earl,  Elmer  J 

Danforth 

4 

Far  well,  Arthur  L 

Cumberland  Center .... 

Coding,  L.  S 

Monmouth. 

14 

Hampson,  J.  A 

West  Falmouth. 

g 

Hilton,  H . J 

St.  Albans . . . 

13 

Spaulding,  F.  L 

Augusta 

14 

MARYLAND. 

Bacchus,  T.  W 

Elkton 

28 

Beacham,  Jas.  W 

Westminster 

l 

Bean,  A.  W 

Forestville 

l 

Coster,  H.  E 

Hagerstown 

Dorsey,  Wilbur 

Annapolis  Junction 

18 

Downey,  Geo 

Sharpsburg,  R . l 

2 

Downey,  Simon 

Williamsport 

Fenwick,  fy.  Bernard 

Glyndon 

L 

Forwood.  jas.  W 

Street 

1 

Grosvenor,  G.  H 

Bethesda 

Gude,  H.  J 

Hyatts  ville .... 

Harkins,  E.  H 

Forest  Hill 

Jenkins,  Harry  S 

Riderwood 

9 

Loar,  C.  W 

Frost  burg 

Merryman,  Louis  McL 

Cockeysville . . . 

71 

Michael,  C.  O 

Bel  Air . . . 

Schrock,  Alvin 

Grants  ville 

Warfield,  Henry  M.,  jr 

Timonium . . 

y 

Wheeler,  Barnett 

Bel  Air 

' 2 

Young,  J.  Forney 

Hagerstown 

13 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Blagden,  Samuel 

Williamstown 

4 

Cluett,  G.  A 

31 

Cutter,  Miss  Edna 

Dracut 

5 

Eaton,  A.  W 

Pittsfield 

g 

Everett,  H.  C 

Barnstable 

27 

5 

Harrington,  Mrs.  Josephine 

Ipswich 

Grade 

cattle. 


29 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 , 


9 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

L Grade 
cattle. 

MeBurnev,  Henry 

Massachusetts— continued. 
Stockbridge  .. 

34 

1 1 

May,  E.  P 

Framingham.  . 

Silsbee,  Miss  Katherine  E 

Beverly 

• i 1 

Stokes,  Anson  Phelps 

Lenox I . . . 

Q1 

Turgeon,  F.  N 

■ ol 

10 
22 

33 

10 

16 

12 

15 

22 

9 

2 

Wheeler,  Frank  T 

Ballard  Bros 

MICHIGAN. 

Niles 

Edmands,  Miss  Hattie  K 

Three  Rivers 

Gilmore  Bros 

6 

Hemmingway,  Earl 

Sodus 

Morlock,  August 

Watervliet 

1 

Oliver,  William  H 

Grand  Rapids 

Palmer,  Dr.  R.  J 

Parnall,  Dr.  C.  G 

Jackson 

49 

41 

. 8 
Q 

Smith,  A.  M 

Lake  City 

41 

22 

19 

30 

A 

O 

TJmholtz,  Wm.  H 

Niles 

Adams,  W.  R 

MINNESOTA. 

Aldrich',  Charles 

Buffalo 

2 

15 

Anderson,  A.  E 

Thief  River  Falls 

4 

1 

Anderson,  P.  J.  & R.  W 

Lindstrom 

12 
9 4 

Ambal,  Jens 

30 

1 A 

Z4 

Bell  & Prentiss,  Briarcombe  Farm 

Winona 

IQ 

Bergler,  John 

10 

23 

Bragg,  A.  W 

Lake  Elmo 

5 

16 

Case,  F.  H 

13 

3 

Conklin,  F.  B 

3 

13 

Degnau,  Patrick 

12 

o 

4 

Eberhardt  Bros 

Albert  Lea 

11 

Ehlers,  A.  H 

Farmington 

16 

25 

Engelstad,  Pete 

Thief  River  Falls 

13 

12 

Engelstad,  Paul 

3 

80 

13 

■TjqoG,  vyi(3  

French,  A.  L 

Hayward 

Anoka .... 

1 

30 

Frissell,  E . R 

Hopkins . . . 

19 

3 

Fulsang,  Andrew 

Glencoe 

35 

4 

17 

Fulsang,  Henry 

Gilland,  W.  D.‘ 

Morgan 

Gilman,  Geo.  B 

Garden  City . . 

16 

17 

A 

4 

3 

OA 

Hanson,  H.  P.,  Maple  Lawn  Farm 

Albert  Lea  

Hartley,  G.  G 

HovJand  Bros ................. 

Duluth 

O 

60 

ZU 

Johnson,  Albert 

Emmons 

Thief  River  Falls 

6 

21 

Karnuth,  E 

Lake  Elmo 

3 

1 

14 

Koop,  Henry 

St.  Hilaire 

25 

1 o 

Lee  Farm;  Nate  Whitney,  manager. . 

Albert  Lea 

7 

ly 

09 

Lemke,  W.  A 

oo 

24 

QQ 

Lilienthal,  John 

Glencoe 

5 

Lohman,  C.  A 

Lake  Elmo 

7 

OO 

16 

Loring,  A.  L.,  Woodend  Farm 

Lueck  Theo 

Mound 

40 

McGrew,  E.  E 

Glencoe 

Dassel 

4 

7 A 

20 

McFarlane,  R.  B 

Alexandria.. 

i 

o 

2 

91 

McLeod,  Stuart 

Goodndge 

y 

6 

15 

27 

1 

19 

14 

^1 

Mitchell,  Arthur 

Mankato 

20 

17 

Nahrgang.  J.  H 

Lewiston 

Nelson,  Charles 

Hayward. 

16 

Nelson,  John  P.,  Farig  Falls  Farm 

Stillwater 

23 

Nesler,  R.  C 

Norman*  T.  C 

St.  Charles 

Lake  Crystal 

o 

19 

Olson  & Krans 

Olson,  G.  W 

Dassel 

Carver ..... 

22 

A 

15 

Ott  Bros 

Albert  Lea 

4 

16 

26 

Peterson,  Oscar... 

Peterson  P J 

Swanburg 

30 

10 

Poszanz,  Jos 

do 

Winona 

1 

18 
1 Q 

Richardson,  Geo.  E 

Garden  City. . . 

20 

9 

1 0 

1 

Ruble,  C.  H.,  & Son 

Albert  Lea 

22 

37 

1 A 

Ruble,  John  D .. . . 

...do...  . 

o 

5 

Rund;  Harry 

Swanburg 

Schmitt.  J.  W.,  George  Washington  Farms 
Sherwood,  N.  D . . 

Mankato 

22 

o 

Ilf 

12 

A 

Pine  River.. 

Skaar,  Chris 1 

Hayward ... 

z 

91 

A 

Skaar,  M.  S.  & C.  A 

do 

Z1 

OA 

4 

16 

14 

Skaar,  P.  J. . . 

Albert  Lea 

Z4 

3 

12652°— 20 2 


10 


Department  Cir.  142,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Minnesota— continued. 

Staff,  George 

3 

13 

Stieh’l  Victor 

Albert  Lea,  R 5 

19 

12 

Stradman,  Fred 

24 

Sweet,  W.  It 

Albert  Lea 

8 

2 

Univ.  of  Minn 

Duluth 

8 

25 

Walters,  Mrs.  Sophie 

Thief  River  Falls. . . 

10 

10 

Walton,  Lewis.  

Pine  River 

10 

Wirt,  Charles 

Lewiston 

42 

Woolson,  Harry  C 

Thief  River  Falls 

17 

Zirk,  M.  F 

South  Haven . . 

3 

15 

MONTANA. 

Bohart,  W.  0 

Bozeman 

18 

Glodt,  Louis 

Park  City 

18 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Clark,  Mrs.  H.  M 

Orford 

25 

New  Hampshire  College  of  Agriculture 

Durham 

49 

7 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Borden,  Herbert  T 

Mickleton. . . 

41 

Cleveland,  Charles  D 

Eatontown 

35 

Gill,  E.  T 

65 

47 

Hensler,  Arthur  C 

Morris  Plains. 

21 

Johnson,  R.  W 

New  Brunswick 

5 

Jones,  Levi  S 

Swedesboro 

12 

Leeds,  Henry  W 

Westville 

40 

Lindabury,  R.  V 

Bernardsville 

54 

New  Jersey  State  Home  for  Boys 

James  burg 

65 

Wilson,  M".  A 

Skillman. . .... 

2 

17 

NEW  YORK. 

Barlow,  R.  E.  & F.  S 

Amsterdam 

30 

Breuchand,  Jules 

Oliveb  ridge 

23 

Clark,  Eugene  H 

W estmoreland 

19 

Hanks,  J.  Russell 

Delancey 

19 

Elderkin,  Eugene  M 

Springville  

H 

15 

Etzel,  G.  F.  & A.  C 

Highland  Mills 

5 

Hammond,  John  H 

Mount  Kisco 

25 

1 

Hopkins,  George  G.,  jr 

Ballston  Lake 

6 

6 

McElroy,  J.  R 

Jones  ville 

6 

McEwan,  C.  B 

Loudon  ville 

5 

Moore,  C.  C 

Unadilla 

19 

Morton,  W.  J 

Springville 

39 

Ogden,  A.  T 

Kinderhook 

28 

Sage,  Henry  M 

Albany 

31 

Smiley,  Daniel 

Mohonk  Lake 

5 

119 

Southard,  Floyd 

Ira 

23 

2 

Stone,  G.  C 

Pawling 

38 

Taylor,  Moses 

Mount  Kisco 

30 

Tilford,  H.  M 

Tuxedo  Park 

32 

8 

Van  Alstyne,  J.  E . . . 

Kinderhook 

36 

8 

Whitnev,  C.  L.  A 

Albany 

31 

Winston,  J.  0 

Saugerties 

40 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Bamhardt,  H.  J 

China  Grove 

2 

5 

Ceall,  J.  L 

Lin  wood 

23 

4 

Fathey,  W.  E 

Fletcher,  R.  1 

11 

Fisher,  C.  M 

Rockwell,  R.  1 

1 

11 

Graham,  W.  D 

Mount  Ulla 

5 

9 

Grymes,  J.  Byron 

Raleigh 

25 

Hartman,  W.  D 

Salisbury 

1 

Hauser,  Jas.  W 

Clemmons 

11 

14 

Holt,  E.  J.,  & Bro. 

Greensboro,  R.  2 

2 

22 

Hudson,  H.  S 

Greensboro 

31 

Bindley,  D.  W 

Guilford  College 

13 

Neel,  C.  L 

Salisbury 

19 

5 

Osborne,  H.  A 

Canton 

25 

39 

Shouse,  D.  J.. 

Bethonia 

12 

Wellman  & Morgan 

Winston-Salem 

2 

15 

Williams,  G F 

Greensboro 

1 

18 

Wilson,  G.  G 

Asheville,  R.  3 

18 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Agricultural  College 

Agricultural  College 

9 

Clara  Cooper  Farm 

Courtenay 

12 

2 

Lee,  Nels  R 

Grafton 

1 

21 

Monck,  B.  B 

Minot 

18 

Person.  E.  S 

do 

26 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3. 


11 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

OHIO. 

Berkebile,  Sam  & Ray 

Delta 

5 

9 

Black,  F.  B 

Mansfield 

32 

5 

Butler,  W.  H 

Sandusky 

4 

9 

Erf,  William 

Bellevue" 

21 

1 

Meyer,  Clarence  & Lydia 

Monroeville 

2 

g 

Miller  & Son,  E.  H. .' 

Clyde 

10 

3 

White,  Windsor  T 

Chagrin  Falls 

23 

OREGON. 

Goodwin,  W.  A 

Cornelius 

29 

Hughes,  A.  I.  & J 

Oregon  City 

14 

Reith,  W.  0 

Astoria " 

18 

Richey,  J.  A.  & J.  T 

Boring. . . . 

15 

Ringo,  Clyde 

Mulino 

8 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Bender,  C.  W 

Elk  Lick 

1 

14 

Bender'  Norman  E 

12 

Billig,  R.  M 

Diamond,  R,  2 

1 

12 

Braham,  W.  W 

Grove  City,  R.  16  . 

5 

10 

Buchanan,  James  M 

Grove  City’  R.  13. . . 

3 

Christianson,  A 

Butler,  R"  6..  . 

7 

i 

Cooper,  A.  L 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  3. 

5 

10 

Cummings,  J.  H 

Wernersville,  Belle  Alto  Farm 

36 

22 

Dickey,  George 

6 

15 

E deburn,  H.  B 

Mercer, "R.  1 

5 

5 

Finney,  R.  C 

Mercer.  R.  2,  Merrydale  Farm 

10 

Forster,  W.  H 

Erie,  llthers'ton  Farm 

15 

Fretz,  W.  F 

Pipersville,  Fritzlyn  Farm.. 

45 

Gill,  L.  C 

Titusville,  R.  5 ...... . 

2 

ll 

Grate,  J.  W 

Cochranton,  R.  3.... 

6 

g 

Hancox,  F.  N 

5 

16 

Hollingsworth,  M.  M 

Landenberg,  Wasteland  Farm 

40 

King,  W.  M 

Mercer,  R.  3... 

2 

10 

Kunz,  J.  D.  F 

Titusville,  R.  5,  Audubon  Farm 

5 

g 

Lees,  D.  C 

Mercer,  R 3,  Oa.k  Hi  11  fit, nclr  Farm 

2 

1 1 

McCoy,  A.  C 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  5,  Clover  Dell  Farm. . 

5 

1 1 
11 

McCullough,  A.  S 

Sharpsville,  R.  55 

14 

Pearson,  Albert 

Grove  City,  R.  16  . . 

4 

12 

Pennsylvania  State  College 

State  College 

15 

3 

Root,  S.  N 

Landisville 

47 

Roberts,  T.  W.  & I.  W 

Bala,  Pencoyd  Farms. 

48 

2 

Shook  Brothers 

Spring  Mills,  Woodlawn  Stock  Farm 

19 

No.  2. 

Shook,  J.  G 

Spring  Mills,  Woodlawn  Farm  No.  1 

19 

Shriver,  J.  M 

Diamond,  Homestead  Farm 

9 

12 

Smith,  Philip  W 

New  Hope,  R.  1,  Evergreen  Farm 

2 

12 

Vandivort,  W.  W 

Evans  City,  R.  1. 

14 

Waldron,  F.  A 

Grove  City,  R.  17,  Water  Lily  Farm 

6 

7 

Weber,  J.  J.  & J.  F 

Mercer,  R.  1... 

22 

i 

Widing,  Otto 

Mercer,  R.  7. 

5 

i 

7 

Woodman,  S.  Paul 

Rushland,  Stony  Batter  Farm 

6 

9 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Comins  & Lilliebridge 

East  Greenwich. . 

2 

g 

Haffenrefler,  R.  F.,  jr 

Bristol...  . 

29 

1 

James,  Arthur  Curtis 

Newport 

25 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Cooper,  R.  M.,  jr 

Wisacky . . 

36 

1 

McCall,  C.  S 

B ennettsville 

15 

3 

McCutcheon,  E.  B 

Bishop  ville 

32 

5 

McIntosh,  J.  L 

Dovesville 

46 

TENNESSEE. 

Murphy,  J.  R 

Fountain  City. . 

9 

g 

Smith,  A.  I 

5 

51 

UTAH. 

Felt,  John 

Ogden 

15 

VERMONT. 

Allen,  Ray 

South  Hero. 

g 

17 

Bates,  Irving  W 

Bar  re 

54 

Brigham,  J.  M 

Newport. . 

5 

22 

Brock,  James  A 

South  Newbury 

25 

Chamberlin,  A.;  F.  C.  Lane,  manager J 

Grand  Isle 

J 

16 

12 


Department  Cir.  ib2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture . 

GUERNSEY -Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattlei 

Vermont — continued. 

Dowe,  Horace  N 

Middlebury . 

13 

Fisher,  Charles 

Vergennes. 

2 

Hubbard  Bros 

S wanton . . 

4 

Joslyn,  C.  F 

Sharon. . . 

4 

Miller,  I.  G 

Putney 

10 

Waterman,  William 

Tunbridge .... 

White,  J.  K 

Groton 

28 

VIRGINIA. 

Albrecht,  Edward 

Ashburn 

Arehart,  C.  L 

Timberville. 

Arundel  & Houser 

Ashburn . . . 

Birdsall,  D.  H 

Purcellville 

Blake,  Itonald 

Fairfax. . . 

7 

Blue,  C.  E 

Charlottesville 

Bowman,  D.  E.  & H.  E 

W aynesboro 

6 

Carson,  C.  E.,  & Bro 

Appomattox..  . 

Chamberlain,  Leroy 

Paeonian  Springs 

16 

Chichester,  It.  H.  L 

Fredericksburg. . 

25 

Cole,  W.  S 

Purcellville 

3 

Conner,  J.  W 

Ashburn . . 

2 

Corbin,' J.  M 

Hamilton 

4 

Courter,  J.  C 

Jetersville. 

19 

Davis,  Westmoreland 

Leesburg... 

84 

Dodson,  E.  It 

Ringgold.. 

Dowden,  L.  R 

Calverton 

Driver  Bros 

Waynesboro 

4 

Driver,  Fred 

....  .'do 

12 

Ellmore,  S.  H 

Purcellville 

Eustace,  W.  H 

Calverton 

Flatten,  J.  W 

Norge 

Fraser,  J.  A 

Lovington 

7 

Garnett,  R.  G 

Cumberland 

1 

Gould,  W.  H 

Burkeville 

23 

Haight,  G.  A 

Herndon 

3 

Hixon,  C.  T 

Lincoln 

Hoge,  L.  Clark 

Purcellville 

24 

Howard,  A.  F 

Farmville 

4 

Howard,  R.  Roy 

Simeon 

Hunt,  F.  B 

Clifton 

14 

Innman,  Miss  W.  L 

Leesburg 

Irvine,  F.  I 

Culpeper 

2 

Jackson,  J.  N. 

Staunton 

4 

McCray,  R.  J 

Paeonian  Springs 

2 

McNair,  W.  M.,  & Son 

Herndon 

1 

Miller,  R.  J 

Oakton 

5 

Moatz,  D.  L 

Round  Hill . . . 

1 

Murphy,  W.  B 

Charlottesville 

Nichols  & Seaton 

Purcellville 

4 

Paul,  F.  D 

Leesburg 

Payne,  M.  K 

Remington 

Payne,  R.  W 

Drakes  Branch. . . 

1 

Peacock,  N.  A 

Purcellville 

6 

Peyton,  W.  T 

Fredericksburg 

19 

Pobst,  J.  W s 

Fairfax 

2 

Reynolds,  R.  J 

Staunton 

5 

Rowe,  M.  B 

Fredericksburg 

19 

Ryan,  Thos.  F 

Oak  Ridge 

Salisbury,  C.  T 

Fairfax 

24 

Sands,  D.  C 

Middleburg 

6 

Scott,  A.  R 

Richmond 

14 

Smith,  Wm,T... 

Lincoln 

38 

Tiffany,  L.  A 

.do 

Tiffany,  H.  R " 

.do 

Virginia  Hot  Springs  Co. . 

Hot  Snrings 

1 

Wallace,  G.  M 

Falmouth 

Welch,  A.  W 

Lincoln 

Welch,  F.  G 

Purcellville  . . 

1 

Wooding,  E.  S 

Sutherlin 

1 

Yoder,  Harney 

Denbigh. . . 

2 

WASHINGTON. 

Gile,  A.  L 

Chinook 

69 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Bethany  College 

Bethany 

4 

Nicholas,  J.  E..  . 

Elm  Grove.. 

22 

Oglebav,  E.  W 

Wheeling : 

25 

Grade 

cattle. 


18 

20 

32 

30 

6 

28 


21 

27 

44 

29 

20 

16 

8 

24 

3 


20 

20 

26 

18 


15 
30 
29 

16 
23 
18 
13 

4 

20 

15 
27 

16 
26 
20 
21 


18 

28 

22 

12 

23 

46 

26 

11 

22 

39 

11 

12 

11 

19 

11 

25 

9 

18 


64 

9 

47 

12 

14 

92 

30 

14 
27 
13 

15 


44 

1 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3. 


13 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

1 Purebrec 
cattle. 

1 Grade 
cattle. 

Allen,  W.  H 

WISCONSIN. 

17 

17 

10 

26 

6 

4 

9 

13 

30 

8 

11 

33 

21 

20 

11. 

26 

26 

1 

Anderson,  Hans 

Withee... 

Bandli,  Henry 

6 

9 

14 

15 
14 
18 
17 

Bartlett,  Wm 

Bean,  A.  P. . . 

Beck,  Carl,  & Sons 

Bestul,  J.  M 

Bestul,  0.  L 

Breitrick,  F.  D.,  & Sons 

Breitrick,  0.  H 

Breitrick,  W.  L 

Brown,  Cassim.  . 

4 

24 

Brunner,  Matt 

Bundy,  C.  T 

Burton,  Roy 

Eagle 

Capener,  Clifford  C 

Coleman,  Dr.  H.  M 

5 

23 

34 

Cramer.  John,  jr 

Duecker,  Herman  J 

Earle,  Howard  E 

Burlington 

Fisher,  Wm.  E. 

15 

20 

3 

French,  S.  C 

Fries,  C.  J 

Galesville 

17 

16 

28 

17 

17 

14 

11 

10 

13 

20 

Gerold,  H.  C 

Gibson,  Robert. . 

7 

Gordon,  L.  E.,  jr.,  Farm  No.  2. . . 

Nelson  ville 

Guse,  Chas 

9 

27 

11 

18 

4 

7 

80 

Halvorson,  Albert 

Halvorson,  John 

Halvorson,  Wm 

Helds  tab,  C.  0 

Henderson,  F.  W 

Hoard,  A.  R 

Fort  Atkinson 

Holtebeck,  Andrew 

Scandinavia 

12 

34 

22 

18 

11 

8 

15 

15 

18 

7 

9 

21 

12 

25 

12 

Horton,  Edgar  L 

Augusta 

17 

1 

2 

6 

6 

13 

Huebner,  Orvil 

Brillion 

Hull,  C.  L 

Whitewater 

Imholt,  B.  A 

Stillwater  Minn 

Johnson,  Glenn 

Baraboo 

Jones,  E.  T. . 

B arron 

Jorgens,  C.'L 

Scandinavia . 

Jorgens,  H.  A 

Jorgens,  Or  in  O 

Kellogg,  Marcus  L 

Janesville.  . 

14 

5 
4 
1 

11 

14 

60 

22 

21 

19 
11 
26 

20 
33 
25 
10 
13 

6 
40 

38 

8 

20 

Kjendalen,  P.  0. . 

Scandinavia 

Knutson,  K.  B . . . 

Kolb,  Car] 

Barron  . 

Kolb,  W.  F 

Berlin 

Krings,  Peter 

Arkansaw  . 

Lawson,  Victor 

Green  Lake,  Lone  Tree  Farm 

Lee,  M.  D 

Hillsboro 

6 

Leppen,  E.  L 

Nelson  ville 

Lewis,  A.  R . . 

West  Salem. 

Lohrenz,  Raymond  W 

Horton  ville 

6 

Longley,  H.  N 

Dousman 

Lovejoy,  Geo.  H 

West  Salem 

21 

McGrath,  Lewis . . 

Chilton 

McKerrow,  Geo.,  & Sons  Co. . 

Pewaukee,  Farm  No.  i.. 

Do 

Pewaukee,  Farm  No  2 

Matthys,  Albert 

Barron  . 

6 

4 

16 

1 

6 

Matthys,  Walter  N 

Maver,  Jos 

Chilton 

Merer,  F.  W 

Barron  . 

Michels,  John 

Peebles 

Michels,  Math.,  & Son 

Milner,  W.  H 

Baraboo 

9 

12 

20 

Mulry,  W.  D 

Sechlersville 

Munsch,  E.  F 

Weyauwega 

Murat,  L.  S 

Scandinavia 

22 

8 

9 

Nesbit,  Lloyd 

Barron. . 

1 

14 

23 

Noonan,  F 

Mauston. 

Olson,  Martin 

Scandinavia 

Orn,  C.  J. . . 

Barron 

*;• 

Otis,  F.  D... 

do 

ib 

19 
8 

20 

19 

10 

12 

1.8 

11 

1 

Parish,  Alvin.. . 

Whitewater . 

Peterson,  A.  A.,  & Son. . . 

Nelson  ville. 

Powers  Bros 

Owen . 

Rasmussen,  Carl 

Ogdensburg. 

Rasmussen,  N.  A.. . 

Oshkosh.  . 

11 

30 

15 

75 

Ridge,  Henry 

Whitewater . 

Rowe,  L.  M 

Ogdensburg. 

R undell,  Lloyd 

Roberts 

14 


Department  Cir.  ik2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


GUERNSEY— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Rundell  & Nicholson 

Wisconsin — continued . 
Livingston  . 

51 

1 

Rundell,  Wilbur 

. . .do 

34 

1 

Russell,  A.  C 

Augusta 

5 

12 

Sankey,  Geo.  W 

Durand 

25 

Schmidt,  Geo.  W 

Stanley 

25 

Schultz,  E.  C 

Chilton 

7 

15 

Scott,  L.  E.  & W.  H 

Stanley 

10 

27 

Scott,  Perry  S 

12 

Shertiert,  Edwin 

W e vauwega. . . 

11 

3 

Simonson,  M.  E 

Whitewater . . . 

14 

11 

Slayton,  C.  H 

Oshkosh 

14 

27 

Spink,  L.  0 

Platteville 

6 

26 

Stallman,  John  F 

Elk  Mound 

21 

2 

Stevens,  L.  B 

Hartland 

17 

Stout,  Mrs.  F.  D 

Angus 

41 

Stout,  Henry  L 

Mikana 

2 

34 

Swan,  Dav”e 

W auwatosa 

2 

12 

Swan,  Frank  E 

33 

Tennie,  0 

Greenville 

15 

Thompson,  A.  H . . . 

Black  River  Falls. 

9 

22 

Tristram  Farms  Co 

Eau  Claire 

32 

22 

Veseley,  Geo 

Athens 

19 

Vogt,  E.  C.,  Farm  No.  2 

Unity...  . . 

24 

Welland,  Peter. 

Hortonville 

25 

Weilep  Bros 

Rice  Lake 

21 

30 

Wheeler,  Max .... 

Hillsboro 

4 

19 

Wichern,  C.  W . . . 

Baraboo 

20 

Wilkins.  C.  A 

Platteville 

53 

Wilson,  H.  J 

Rush  Lake 

21 

12 

W inke,  Henry 

Portage 

21 

Young,  E.  A 

West  Salem 

8 

19 

Total  (Guernsey,  United  States) 

6,596 

5, 761 

HEREFORD. 


Alabama  Hereford  Farm 

ALABAMA. 

Gastonburg 

84 

.Tnnp.s,  Mrs.  H.  L. 

New  Market 

19 

14 

StrVklpy,  J.  T.r  Marp.ngo  Farm  . . . 

Demopolis. . . . 

221 

Galloway  & Gow . 

ARKANSAS. 

North  Little  Rock 

77 

2 

Neely  & Sons,  C.  T. 

Jonesboro 

13 

Cummings,  P.  S.,  & Sons 

GEORGIA. 

Lela 

53 

14 

Mack,  E.  E.,  & Son 

Thomas  ville 

97 

20 

Baie,  Carl 

ILLINOIS. 

W aterman 

24 

4 

Clark,  0.  P. . 

Georgetown 

27 

Freundt,  Edward 

Hinckley 

3 

10 

Murphy  Bros. 

Sullivan 

32 

10 

Pinnell,  Chas.  R.. 

Kansas 

16 

4 

Rimsnider,  C.  W . . . . 

Hinckley 

28 

Swango,  Harlan,  & Son 

Paris 

23 

2 

Addington,  Clayton 

INDIANA. 

Winchester 

16 

2 

Hickman,  C.  W 

La  Fayette 

59 

3 

Ingle,  James  0 .... 

W in  Chester 

19 

1 

Milligan,  Samuel 

Milligan 

54 

3 

Mnllendore  & Son,  F.  R 

Franklin  

42 

9 

Williams  & Wright  . . 

Farmland 

19 

10 

Hastings,  W.  E... 

IOWA. 

TowaCity  _ 

32 

8 

Blase,  Henry 

KANSAS. 

Sylvan  Grove 

32 

11 

Brey,  Robert 

Ozawkie,  R.  1 

15 

1 

Betz,  H.  R. 

Enterprise 

13 

3 

Cummings,  Wm.  . 

Hesston 

32 

18 

Dunlop,  Geo 

Lorgton 

13 

4 

Dunlop,  J.,  & Sons 

I do 

15 

7 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 , 


15 


HEREFORD — Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebre< 

cattle. 

I Grade 
cattle. 

Lungstrom,  Geo 

Kansas— continued . 
. Lindsburg 

QG 

1 

13 

6 

24 

8 

9 

7 

3 

21 

Mclntire,  Joe.  L 

. Howard.. 

OO 

an 

Plummer,  H.  D 

. Longton. . 

4U 

QQ 

Sauder,  W.  J 

oo 
■ 1 

Tilley,  S.  W 

. Irving . 

/ 

i a a 

Waters,  C.  C 

. Wells ville 

140 

oo 

Winter,  B.  M 

OO 

OK 

Beaven,  W.  B 

KENTUCKY. 

. Loretto. 

. zo 

1 A 

Hornsby,  Thos.  L.,  & Son. 

. Eminence 

lo 

A~\ 

Luce  & Moxley 

Shelbyville 

41 

May,  J.  W.,  & Son 

Owensboro 

1 z 
16 
18 
21 
21 

19 
16 
60 

20 
20 

83 

32 

18 

38 

17 

85 

10 

23 

2 
13 
13 

13 

24 
24 

7 

9 

17 

21 

133 

68 

35 

53 

99 

29 

82 

88 

12 

14 
111 

47 

26 

28 

42 

52 

78 

51  . 

19 
61 

36 

26 

5 

20 
11 
29 
25 
80 

Rollings,  Dr.  J.  D 

La  Center 

2 

4 

6 

4 

4 

9 

1 

2 

Rouse  Bros 

Swope,  Felix  H 

Georgetown 

alley  \ iew  Farm  Co.,  H.  L.  Tucker. 

Central  City 

Wadlington,  Dr.  J.  B.. 

Otter  Pond 

Weyenberg,  P.  C 

La  Grange 

White,  F.  E 

Wilson,  J.  H 

Diamond  L Ranch 

LOUISIANA. 

Angie 

Barker,  Charles  L . . 

MAINE. 

East  Vassalboro... 

Brown,  E.  0 

4 

5 

4 
12 

3 

9 

43 

6 
9 
3 

12 

5 
8 

19 

2 

1 

Andersen,  L.  L 

MINNESOTA. 

Balaton 

Bolstad,  Selfred 

Dawson 

Clinton  Falls  Nursery  Co. . 

Owatonna. . .. 

Detjen,  Oscar 

Mankato 

Droogsma,  Sam 

Princeton . . . 

Erickson,  Ole  O 

Hartland... 

Gallivan,  J 

Hugo 

Hanson,  Pete 

Balaton 

Keller.  Harry 

Marshall...  . 

Lay,  C.  W 

Arco. . 

Leslie,  J.  J 

Stillwater 

Lidke,  Walter. . . 

Fairmont 

McCadden, R 

Skyberg 

Melin,  Bennett  I 

RedWing 

Meyers,  F 

Fergus  Falls . 

More,  Edward,  & Son. . 

Blue  Earth. . . . 

Nankeman  Bros. 

Beardsley 

4 

3 

2 

15 

21 

6 

Oech,  Lewis 

Winona. 

Palmer,  W.  C. . . 

Tyler 

Phipps,  W.  H.  . 

Atwater 

Pitcher,  Will . . . 

Blue  Earth... 

Potter,  L.  E.,  & Son 

Springfield 

Riley,  L.  L 

Fergus  Falls . . . 

Skarie,  Oscar,  & Son. . 

Lanesboro 

19 

14 

14 

2 

Slater,  R.  J.. . 

Winnebago 

Sorenson, C.  P... 

Balaton. . 

Soreson,  S.  J. 

Tyler 

Storlie,  Geo.  L 

Whalan 

Sullivan,  J.  F.,  & Son 

Guckeen 

3 

7 

11 

39 

W aldron,  R.  G . 

Rochester,  R l 

Zupp,  J.  F 

Blue  Earth . 

Hart,  Geo.  F.  & Jas... 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Sandy  Hook . . 

Mount  Arista  Ranch . . . 

Utica* 

Tuck  Bros...  . 

MISSOURI. 

Morrisville. . 

25 

i2 

4 

9 

36 

23 

425 

1 

70 

2 

University  of  Missouri  (beef  herd) 

Columbia 

Attletweed,  0.  C 
Clemow,  G.  M 

MONTANA. 

BMontN‘  Dak';  ranch’  Wibaux  County, 
Tackson 

Eisaman,  John  G.. 

Golde,  Joe..  

Park  City 

Manhattan  Ranches  Co 

do 

Manhattan.. . 

Montana  State  College 

Bozeman 

Owen, Charles  L. . . 

Philipsburg 

Tintinger,  Theodore  D . . 

Park  City 

16 


Department  Cir.  1^2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HEREFORD— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Anthony,  H.  C 

8 

4 

Miller,  B.  B 

Mount  Ulla 

19 

10 

Rogers,  Jas.  H 

3 

5 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Burkhardt  & Schwedler 

Omemee 

14 

Gilbertson,  Swen 

B inford 

17 

19 

Kennedy,  A.  G 

Crete 

10 

17 

Miller,  M.  R 

Thunder  Hawk,  S.  Dak. 

41 

6 

Moffet,  James 

Barton ' 

5 

1 

Munro,  Chas 

Crary 

18 

Phillips,  H.  H 

Harvey 

43 

4 

Sebby,  T.  J 

Fingaf. 

’ 49 

29 

Twetten,  J.  T 

Rolette 

93 

1 

Walton,  J.  J 

Carrington. 

24 

3 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

M 

Carroll,  G.  W.,  & Sons 

Jackson  Center,  Maple  Grove  Farm 

47 

5 

Cochran,  R.  R 

Jackson  Center.  

5 

6 

Evans,  Harry  M 

Jackson  Center,  R.  19  ... 

10 

6 

Jamison,  W.  C 

1 

10 

Little,  C.  R 

do 

5 

2 

McCoy,  L.  F.,  & Son 

Jackson  Center,  R.  18. . . . 

7 

12 

Thompson,  Bert 

West  Sunbury 

13 

9 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Morrah,  W.  D 

Troy 

4 

43 

Palmer’  J.  F 

27 

7 

Tillman,  B.  R.,  jr 

Trenton..  . 

6 

1 

Wardlaw,  J.  W. 

Willington.  . 

3 

52 

Young,  J.  H 

Clinton 

18 

12 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Adams,  R.  C 

Watertown 

2 

7 

Edmunds,  H.  C.  . 

W essington 

62 

7 

Myers,  Gregory  F 

Chester .... 

12 

35 

Pettersen,  0.  W 

Watertown 

27 

5 

TENNESSEE. 

Caldwell,  James  E 

Nashville  

57 

6 

Gugelman  Bros 

Winchester 

45 

6 

Hunter,  J.  M 

Cookeville 

6 

Johnson,  J.  Clyde 

Ripley 

31 

6 

Lancaster,  J.  P 

Lancaster 

13 

7 

Lancaster  Bros 

do 

11 

Mitchell,  M.  G.,  & J.  E 

Bolivar 

35 

Mitchell,  J.  R 

Sparta 

10 

8 

Neuhoff,  Henry 

Nashville 

4 

8 

Robinson,  W.  J.,  & Son 

Lancaster 

29 

15 

Roberson,  John  L 

Pikeville 

25 

9 

Smith,  J.  R.,  jr 

Fayetteville 

95 

38 

Stokes,  S.  I) 

Ashland  City 

9 

7 

Susong,  G.  L 

Morristown  

19 

9 

Terry,  J.  W 

Sparta 

16 

8 

UTAH. 

Olsen  Live  Stock  Co 

Ephrainu 

123 

72 

Utah  Agricultural  College 

Logan 

16 

VIRGINIA. 

Cecil,  J.  W.,  <fc  Son 

Pennington  Gap 

32 

8 

Combs  & McNeil 

J onesville 

46 

Coyner,  Hugh 

Waynesboro 

29 

17 

Hill,  L.  W 

Locust  Dale 

25 

8 

Kincaid,  J.  F 

Leesburg 

49 

5 

Kincaid,  M.  S 

Ewing 

16 

8 

Litton , A . Frank 

Pennington  Gap 

35 

9 

Orr,  R.  S ! 

. do 

13 

11 

Vance,  R.  C 

Fred  er  icksburg 

22 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute 

Blacksburg 

7 

2 

Wilson,  F.  K 

Dot  

41 

WASHINGTON. 

Bond  & Bro  , E.  H 

28 

8 

McCov,  E.  D 

Woods 

28 

3 

Total  (Hereford,  United  States) 

5,112 

1,800 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3. 


17 


POLLED  HEREFORD. 


Name. 

Address. 

Lunsford,  Evans 

GEORGIA. 

Covington 

Apt,  Silas 

ILLINOIS. 

Stronghurst 

Brown,  Clyde  E 

Rushville 

Dodds,  T.  J 

Stronghurst 

Haley,  S.  F 

Tiskilwa 

Moore,  W.  P 

Terre  Haute 

Painter,  C.  C.,  & Son 

Stronghurst 

Painter,  F.  E 

do 

Painter,  J.  E & Son 

Painter,  Ralph 

Thorell  Bros 

Blandinsville.  .. 

Stine,  Ed.,  & Son 

Stronghurst  - . 

Wetterling,  A.  E 

St.  John,  Jacob 

INDIANA. 

Pine  Village 

Fritz,  R.  A.,  & Son 

IOWA. 

Grinnell 

Hoi,  Peter  J 

Waukee 

Johnson,  Axel  L 

Manson . . 

Leonard,  N.  M 

Waukee.  . . 

Pitstick,  J.  L 

Rockwell  City 

Speer,  Barto i 

W aukee 

Hatz,  J.  C ! 

NEBRASKA. 

De  Witt 

Total  (Polled  Hereford,  United  State 

s) 

Purebred 

cattle 


Grade 

cattle. 


28 


12 

36 

45 

45 

26 

65 

29 

30 
137 

14 

97 

12 


32 


8 

122 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN. 


Garrett,  D.  J. 


Porter,  Ben  R 

Porter  & Son,  H.  C . 


Burr,  O.  P. 


Cann,  Dr.  W.  E. 

Conners,  H.  D 

Janvier,  Mrs.  M.  B 

Messick,  Paul  B 

Moore,  Janies  S 

Schrader,  G.  A 

St.  Joseph  Industrial  School. 
Winterthur  Farms 


Catholic  University  of  America . . . 
Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf. 
Dorr,  John  V 


Industrial  Home  School  for  Colored 
Children. 

National  Training  School  for  Boys 

St.  Elizabeth’s  Hospital  Dairy 

United  States  Soldiers’  Home 


Harms,  John  W. 


ALABAMA. 

Montgomery,  R.  2 

ARKANSAS. 

Fayetteville 

do 


Romford . 


CONNECTICUT. 


Porters 

Middletown. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Clayton 

Winterthur. 


DELAWARE. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


Ehlers,  E.  G 

Fort  Lapvrai  Indian  School ’ ’ ‘ 

Idaho  State  Industrial  School 

Idaho  State  Mental  Hospital M 

Reed  S.  C.,  & Daughter . . " Weiser 

Unive  sity  of  Idaho  Experiment  Farm . . . Sandpoint 
Umv  ersity  of  Idaho  Dairy  Herd . - Mgscowt 


Brookland 

Kendall  Green,  Washington 

Twenty-eighth  Street  and  Bladensburg 
Road  NE.,  Washington. 

Blue  Plains 


Bladensburg  Road,  Washington . 
Congress  Heights,  Washington. . . 
Washington 


Savannah. 


GEORGIA. 


Twdn  Falls. . . 
Fort  Lapwai. 
St.  Anthony. 
Black  foot 


12652°— 30 3 


18 

6 

18 

22 

18 

8 

33 

294 


4 

106 


36 


18 


13 

29 

27 

10 

32 

200 


35 


18 


Department  Cir.  Ib2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN- FRIESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred 

cattle. 


Grade 

cattle. 


Bridge,  Clay 

Frankeberger,  J.  W — 

Frazier,  Elmer 

Hirtzel,  Mrs.  Anna 

Illinois  Masonic  Home. 

Jensen,  Joseph  P 

Loy,  Bliss  E 

Miller,  Mrs.  Kate 

Parriott,  Floyd 

Sprague,  Frank 

Vose,  H.  K 

Wallman,  E.  P. 


Fidler,  J.  L 

Goshen  College 

Indiana  State  Prison . . 

Julietta  Home 

Meeker,  Ray 

Purdue  University 

Robinson  & Son,  I.  H. 
Rose  Orphans’  Home. . 

Seberger,  Mathias 

Seberger,  Michael 

Seberger,  M.  J.. 

Thomas,  E.  E 

Turbett,  Royse 

Williams,  E.  A 


Hulsizer,  C.  L 

Koenig,  John 

McCorkle,  Bert,  & Son. 

Naber,  Henry 

Penick,  R.  A 

Reeves,  E.  M 

Schroedermeier,  H.  H. 

Seeley,  Frank 

Smith,  C.  H.. 

Wood,  R.  C 


Anderson,  W.  C 

Baker,  J.  J 

Barnett,  J.  M 

Bowser,  P.  F 

Black  welder,  C.  D.  - 

Burger,  H.  D 

Bennett,  Jay  B 

Coe,  C.  A - 

Duff  Bros 

Engle,  H.S 

Engle,  Nathan  E 

Engle,  A.  E 

Engle,  J.  A 

Greene,  M.  W 

Graham,  R.  H - 

Haas,  John 

Hixson,  Geo.  S 

Hurlock,  Oscar 

Koenig,  Louis 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College. 

Rumford,  M.  E..  - 

Sargent,  G.  W - 

Treff,  C.  A 


Coleman,  Charles  E.. 

Henderson  Bros 

Smith,  C.  W.,  & Son. 
Steele,  A.  J.,  & R.  M. 
Wilson,  C.  B — 


Diamond  L.  Ranch. 

Shaffer,  R.  ^ 

Travis,  D . R.  W... 


Adams,  Silas  B. . . 
Bates,  Herbert  M. 

Crowell,  J.  II 

Cummings,  A.  D. 
Davis,  Peter  H . . . 


Orangeville. 

Dakota 

Urbana 

Effingham. . 

Sullivan 

Effingham. . 

. . . .do 

Barrington. 

Orangeville. 

Lockport 

Gurnee 

Orangeville. 


Terre  Haute... 

Goshen 

Michigan  City. 
Indianapolis . . 

Muncie 

La  Fayette — 

Portland 

Terre  Haute. . . 
Crown  Point.. 
Schererville . . . 

. . . .do 

Portland 

Decker 

Lebanon . . 


Des  Moines . . . 
Waverly,  R.  2. 

Algona 

Bancroft 

Chariton 

Waverly 

. . . .do 

Arlington..... 

Tripoli 

Traer 


KANSAS. 

Tescott 

Bonner  Springs 

Denison 

Bonner  Springs 

Chapman 

Seneca 

Holton. 

Cottonwood  Falls 

Horton 

Abilene 

. . . -do 

. . . .do 

Talmage 

Bazaar 

Salina,  R.  3 

Wolcott 

Hiawatha. 

Lincoln 

Solomon 

Manhattan 

Hamilton,  R.  2. . . - 

Kansas  City 

Bonner  Springs 


KENTUCKY. 


Latonia 

Shelbyville. 
La  Grange. 

Stanley 

Smithfield . . 


Angie 

Ellendale.... 
Tangipahoa . 


LOUISIANA. 


Portland 

Bangor 

Danforth 

South  Paris.. 
Bangor,  R.  7. 


11 

5 
15 

108 

6 
11 
10 


12 


30 


43 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3, 


19 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred 

cattle. 


Maine— continued. 


Dow,  Neal 

Dunn,  Chas.  L 

Eaton,  J.  P.  & R.  C..... 

Elkins,  Chas.,  & Son 

Estes,  C.  O 

Getshell,  Ralph 

Gillies,  D.  A 

Gowell,  Wm.  H.,  & Sons. 

Hart,  R.  N 

Hart,  Walter  I 

Hobbs,  E.  T.... 

Holyoke,  E.  E 

Knightly,  H.  A 

Lewis,  J.  L.,  & Son. . . 

Lunn,  J.  H 

Mclntire,  L.  E.,  & Son. . . 

Payson,  Herbert 

Pendexter,  J.  C.. 

Pennell,  L.  A 

Rowell,  W.  T 

Strout,  E.  H 

Tucker,  Benjamin 

Walker,  C.  W 

Waterman,  C.  E.,  & Sons. 


North  Brooksville. . 
North  Yarmouth... 

Exeter.. 

Gorham. 

Brewer 

.....do 

Bangor 

Auburn 

Brewer 

— -do 

Norway 

East  Holden 

Norway 

Newport.. 

Milltown. 

East  Waterford 

Portland 

Cornish 

Newport 

Brewer 

Cumberland  Center 

Norway 

Canton 

Auburn. 


9 

10 

8 


1 


7 


1 

7 


4 

10 


48 

10 

17 

4 


21 

25 

58 


MARYLAND. 


Auth  Bros 

Bausum,  Mrs.  F.  L 

Bellevue  Dairy  Farms  Co. 

Crum,  H.  C 

Crum,  Millard  E 

Dade,  Roger  L 

D’Arago,  Pete 

Doub,  M.  B 

Downey,  Ira 

Eldridge,  C.  V 

Elliott,  B.  H 

Fawley,  H.  C. . . 

Hahn,  Melvin  G 

Horine,  Millard  H 

MUler,  Wm.  G 

Neff,  J.  W 

Ramsburg,  A.  B 

Ramsburg,  Geo.  L 

Roulette,  J.  Fred 

Ruppert,  J.  H 

Smith,  Geo.  L 

Snoots,  Roger 

Sponsellor,  J.  A 

Stockman,  W.  D 

Thompson,  John  G 

Wheelwright,  J.  H 

Wright,  W.  S 

Zimmerman,  A.  D 

Zimmerman,  Edw.  E 


Camp  Springs 

Annapolis. 

Hyattsville 

Walkersville 

-do 

Lander 

Forestville ' 

Hagerstown 

Williamsport - 

Hagerstown 

Annapolis... 

Lander 

Walkers  viUe 

Jefferson 

Frederick 

Cumberland,  R.  3 

Walkers  viUe 

do 

Sharpsburg 

Burnt  Mills 

Benson 

Lander 

Walkers  viUe 

Lander 

Landover 

Baltimore;  farm  at  Ellicott  City 

Annapolis 

Walkers  viUe 

do ; 


24 

5 


8 


1 

5 

13 

1 


12 

1 

33 


1 

10 

8 

16 

1 


1 


EUis,  John  G 


Lee 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


11 


Grade 

cattle. 


11 

6 

7 

8 
10 
17 
16 

9 

11 

12 


12 

13 

13 

17 


18 


26 

25 

23 

2 


30 

23 
60 
18 
21 
35 
33 
12 

15 
5 

54 

32 

24 
14 
11 

25 

16 
12 


54 


13 

21 

3 

36 


45 

11 

15 


10 


Balduff,  G.  F.,  & Son 

Barnett,  F.  A 

Barnum,  Harold  H 

Bazley,  Johri 

Benson,  E.  B 

Berry,  E.  W 

Black,  A.  R.,  & Son 

Boven,  C 

Bowman  Bros 

Browning  & McPherson,  Oakdale  Farm 

Buckham  Bros 

Chase,  A.  E.,  & Sons 

CoUier,  Edgar " ” 

Cook,  Charles  I 

Cornell,  Thurber ” 

Couzens,  James,  Wabeek  Farms. . 

Cutler.  F.  D 

Dirr  Andrew  T 

Ferris,  P.  F 

Filkins,  A T 

Gehringer,  Henry 


MICHIGAN. 

Dimondale 

Rochester 

Woodland 

319  Atkinson  Avenue,  Detroit. 

Munson 

Oak  Grove 

Lansing 

Howell 

Star  City 

Howell 

Kalamazoo 

St.  Johns 

Fowlerville 

do 

Howell 

Pontiac 

Wayland 

Lake  Odessa 

Big  Rapids 

Oak  Grove 

Howell 


11 

38 

14 
54 
23 

15 

23 

24 
6 

23 
6 
23 
14 
11 
19 
. 137 
69 
19 
4 
9 

22 


25 


20 


1 


5 

2 


20 


Department  Cir.  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Michigan— continued. 

Gilkes,  T.  B 

Howell 

20 

Gregory  & Borden 

do 

20 

Griffin,  Wm.  I 

do 

19 

Haller,  H.  M 

. ..do 

16  1 

1 

Hanctiett,  Benjamin 

Grand  Rapids. . . . 

59 

Hatch,  Wm.  B" 

28 

Heeg,  Charles  S 

Howell 

14 

Henhey  & Lepard 

14 

Holmes,  0.  H 

Howell 

9 

Holmes"  S.  R 

F owlerville . 

10 

1 

Howard,  F.  B 

Ionia 

g 

3 

Hunsberger,  C 

Grand  Rapids . 

32  | 

Hunsberger,  Lloyd 

Star  Citv.t 

14 

Hunsberger^  Titus 

Caledonia 

9 ! 

2 

Jenkins,  F.  S.,  & Son 

Eagle 

12 

7 

do 

22 

Ada 

11 

22  ' 

16 

18 

6 

Howell 

11 

do 

23 

Man-,  E.  W.,  & Sons 

do 

8 

16 

9 

1 

Howell 

14 

Meyer/Frank  E 

do 

3 

26 

86  1 

Howell 7. 

12 

41 

Miller;  W.  B 

do 

4 

4 

Monteith,  Robert 

Martin 

15 

Owosso 

15 

Newberry  State  Hospital 

Newberry 

96 

Norton,  Miss  Helen  S 

Howell 

15 

1 

Norton,  It.  W.,  & Son: 

Farm  No.  1 

do 

34 

Farm  No.  2 

do 

18 

4 

Peavy,  Wm.  H..  . 

do 

• 20 

Perrine,  Arthur  H. 

Rives  Junction . 

5 

10 

Pfau,  Alban  R . . . 

Howell 

29 

Reader,  W.  B 

do 

7 

Reed,  C.  P 

do.  . : 

15 

5 

Reed,  Howard  C . 

do^ 

n 

Risch,  Chas.  H 

Brighton 

17 

Toole v,  Jay  B 

Howell 

19 

Van  Huizen,  John  H 

Grand  Haven 

4 

11 

Van  Keuren  & Durfce 

Howell 

32 

Washburn,  FI.  A 

Moline 

23 

Waters,  Dudley  E.,  Maryland  Farm 

Grand  Rapids 

103 

Wessinger,  Benj 

Oak  Grove 

6 



Wessinger,  Frank 

Howell 

7 

White.  C.  H 

do 

13 

Willard,  M W , & Sons 

Grand  Rapids 

19 



Williams,  F.  H 

Allegan 

17 

Winslow,  Percy 

Hastings 

24 

Wittv,  W J 

Howell 

17 

Woodard,  Henry  M 

do 

11 

W oodworth,  L M 

Rockford 

12 

Zwinck,  Erwin 

F owlerville 

22 

MINNESOTA. 

Anderson,  Wallie 

Lake  Crystal 

4 

22 

Baltus  Mat 

Stewart 

3 

33 

Bauernfeind  G B. 

Nerstrand 

'31 

1 

Bednor,  John  . 

Shevlin 

10 

Beerbowcr,  Fred 

Thief  River  Falls 

13 

4 

BeihofTer  E C 

Glencoe  

1 

27 

Bender,  L 

Wheaton 

6 

22 

Berglund  Alf 

Albert  Lea 

36 

Bittner,  Walter 

W inona  

15 

Rlnek  August 

H utchinson 

24 

7 

Bloomer  E R 

Morristown 

3 

10 

Bocckman  Dr  Egil 

White  Bear  Lake 

25 

Bohn  Herman 

Winona 

15 

Bonham  E E 

Park  Rapids  

19 

Boynton  W D 

Medford 

15 

7 

Brosious  E J 

Stillwater 

20 

Brown,  Andrew 

Albert  Lea 

1 

42 

Brush  Bros 

Amboy 

16 

13 

Brush  Geo  H R 

Owatonna 

22 

Bulfer!  E.  G 

Garden  City 

1 

23 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3, 


21 


HOLS  TE2N -FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 


Carlson,  .T.  E 

Carman,  Ed.  E 

Chambers,  Alex 

Christiansen,  J.  A 

Christgan,  John 

Copp,  Fred 

Crane,  R.  P 

Cusey,  R.  F 

Dalin,  Andrew 

Daseher,  Geo.  R 

Denzer,  Val 

Dobelstein,  Clinton 

Dunton,  A.  M 

Eldevik,  K.  A 

Ellis  Estate,  A.  V 

Enright,  M.  L 

Erdahl,  C.  C 

Evenson,  N.  O 

Fairbanks  Bros 

Faulkner,  M.  A 

Filks,  Theo 

Frodahl,  H.  P 

Gaulke,  Carl 

Gehlen,  Paul 

Goodhue,  R.  B 

Graham  & Hansen 

Grahamholm  Farm 

Grass,  N.  P 

Gray,  N.  H 

Hagadom,  Henry 

Hagen,  H.  B 

Hanson,  O.  W 

Harpel,  Wm 

Harris,  Ed 

Hatz,  Christ 

Hegg,  Carl 

Henderson,  J.  G 

Hendricks,  Edwin  F 

Hendricks,  O.  E 

Hill  Estate,  J.  J 

Hopkins,  E . L 

Hovdesven,  A 

Hoyne,  H.  A 

Hoyum,  Albert  6 ! . . 

Hunter  Bros 

Jacobson,  John 

Janisch,  J 

Jeans,  William 

Jergens,  Henry 

Johnson,  Jense 

J ohnson,  J ohn  G 

Jorgenson,  H.  F 

Judin,  Victor 

Keene,  J.  L 

Kietzer,  Herbert  H .....  1 ! 

Klein,  Wm.  F 

Knopp,  C 

Kokke,  Henry  j 

Kroneman,  Max 

Kuehl,  W.  F. 

Landon,  F.  C ’ ’ 

Lashbrook,  Alfred. . 

Lay,  A.  S 

Leach  & Crist 

Lewis,  W.  S 

Lohman,  Victor 

Lord,  Bertrand 

Lunde,  Carl  K 

McCargar,  G.  A 

McDonald  Bros 

McNabbs,  P.  H 

Me  Walter,  Robert  W 

Mankato  Holstein  Farms. 

Mathees,  H.  A 

Mayowood  Farm 

Meade,  Fred.  C 

Mead,  R.  W " 

Menzel , Otto 

Michael,  John 

Miller,  Al " 


Address. 


MINNESOTA— continued . 


Taylor  Falls 

Ada 

Owatonna 

Westbrook 

Dpyfpr 

Thief  River  Fails'. 

Austin 

Detroit 

Forest  Lake 

Buffalo  Lake 

Minnesota  City 

Winona 

Bagley 

do 

Austin 

East  Grand  Forks. 

Frost 

Litchfield 

West  Concord 

Albany 

Biscay 

Shevlin 

Wheaton 

Glencoe 

Dennison 

Rochester 

do 

Amboy 

Fergus  Falls 

Winona 

Glencoe 

White  Bear  Lake . . 

Glencoe 

Winona 

Glencoe 

Shevlin 

Albert  Lea 

Mayer 

do 

St.  Paul 

Withrow 

Cottonwood 

Albert  Lea 

Dawson 

Northfield 

Franklin 

Medford 

Withrow 

Biscay 

Lake  Crystal 

Albert  Lea 

Wahkon 

Shevlin 

Mankato 

Vernon  Center 

Chanhassen 

Winona 

Onamia 

Fergus  Falls 

Albert  Lea 

Rushford 

Northfield 

Lake  Benton 

Ellendale 

Garden  City 

Lake  Elmo 

Forest  Lake 

Hayward 

Judson 

Medford 

Elk  River 

East  Grand  Forks. . 

Mankato 

St.  Hilaire 

Rochester 

Alexandria,  R.  4 

Stillwater 

Hamburg 

Winona 

Minnesota  City 


Purebred 

cattle 


Grade 

cattle. 


4 

21 

7 

2 

26 

14 

5 

4 

31 

1 

19 

19 

5 

15 

22 

2 

8 

13 

23 

1 

14 

JLo 

21 

30 

32 

62 

2 

12 

5 

35 

22 

12 

39 

11 

11 

10 

28 

24 

5 

28 

15 

10 

13 

8 

1 

19 

6 

22 

10 

5 

21 

f 

15 

17 

28 

5 

25 

23 

27 

8 

5 

22 

29 

10 

15 

14 

5 

30 

23 

26 

16 

21 

16 

1 

10 

1 

10 

1 

19 

15 

9 

3 

20 

10 

22 

8 

21 

12 

18 

353 


90 


Department  Cir.  ib2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN  Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Minnesota — continued . 

Millor  .T  .T 

Morristown 

20 

Mi'llp/  S R 

Freeborn 

1 

14 

Morristown 

19 

2 

Mills  JR.  N ’ 

Buffalo 

7 

11 

Austin 

54 

Owatonna 

2 

55 

French 

10 

19 

Lake  Elmo 

88 

Nerstrand 

23 

2 

N^por  V C, 

Thief  River  Falls 

35 

Anoka 

6 

9 

New  Germany 

" . 

17 

Blue  Earth 

3 

12 

Forest  Lake 

20 

Albert  Lea 

8 

21 

Lerdal 

10 

18 

Amboy 

1 

18 

Winona 

20 

Shevlin 

3 

11 

16 

Lake  Crystal 

49 

Rptl1  C TT 

Wykoff/R.  2 

1 

15 

Biscay 

24 

1 

Brice  lyn 

2 

12 

11 

19 

2 

10 

Albert  Lea 

39 

t?hh  c.  l 

Viking 

7 

14 

Thief  River  Falls 

2 

12 

Mankato,  R.  3 

4 

10 

Frost . . . . 

6 

14 

Sntro  F T 

St.  Hilaire 

1 

13 

fipTvmiHt  T^rnc 

Minnesota  Lake 

19 

Divio  

Rphnpi^pr  Art.hlir 

Lake  Elmo 

13 

ii 

ftpTvnoiHpr  FnlhPXT, 

do 

7 

12 

QclirpiViPT  Tnhn 

18 

QdirppHpT’  "Fprmvj  "P.  0 

Moorhead 

80 

QpTitapHpf  TTiicrn  ^/v 

Grand  Meadow 

25 

RphiimppllPr  TT 

13 

RpltwiTnyViPTnTnpr  .T  A. 

Albany 

19 

6 

fipath  T TT 

Freeborn 

10 

24 

Spn+ii  fi  TT 

Hartland,  R.  1 

8 

14 

fipomdR  At  firms  

Utica 

10 

9 

fiTipnlHitiP  H Ti 

Warren 

54 

23 

finpqr  P,  P,  .... 

Elk  River 

13 

5 

firvirit  TTill  "Dsdrv  Co 

J ordan 

1 

79 

fif  Qt'Vs  A O 

Dexter 

4 

13 

fitoolp  At  fion  F G 

Alden 

14 

14 

fit r*i HI  Pros 

Moorhead 

13 

C + rtrir;|*11/i  PH  W 

W atson  

20 

fititts  "Wm 

Little  Falls 

5 

12 

RiktHph  W tti 

Hallock 

19 

fin n H borp-  B E --  

do 

34 

36 

(To  coVi  O T ,Q  TTI  hprt 

25 

Task©  JL/Ouis  

do 

1 

22 

Timm  F,  T 

Thief  River  Falls 

23 

Tvnoi*  At  firm  .T 

Randolph 

20 

12 

1 ) Ilci  Ot  P9JL1.  J • * 

Vnllrart  Wfiltpr 

11 

"\7rvvi  WolH  PlQrPHPP  A 

Nerstrand 

28 

V Ofl  VV  cUClj  v-^ld/i  x\.  . 

Vrm  Walri  TT  C 

do 

28 

V Oil  VV  d/iUj  -LJ-.  V / 

WpIItpt  plroc  P 

Glencoe  

29 

VV  dilKcl  j v'iid5»  ......................... 

V ernon  Center 

12 

W arren,  C.  M - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  -- 

Watson  Mrs  Ida  W 

Northfield 

18 

5 

West  Central  Station  School 

Morris 

14 



Wilde  E It  

Lake  Crystal 

4 

14 

Willr  Vqrtin  E 

Georgetown 

7 

26 

\\T i 1 1 i on  s F van  F 

Lake  Crvstal 

20 

13 

Wj  lrr  or  Rtntfi  AsvlllITl-  - - 

Willmar 

2 

43 

Win^hin  fit  no  k Form  Co 

Owatonna  

33 

Wright  William 

Fergus  Falls 

22 

5 

r7.  r n L-  1 rih  n 

Winona 

21 

Zcnk  Win 

do 

1 

17 

7nrfpQC  IT  T 

11 

ZjkL  iUbOj  • J . 

Zierke  Wrm 

Glencoe 

4 

16 

TTnskins  TT  C 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Greenwood 

9 

1 

Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
College. 

WackoiL  W.  G 

Starkville 

15 

18 

Meridian 

12 

17 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3. 


23 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Bitter  Root  Holstein  Co 

Cope,  T.  L 

Davis,  M.  K 

Dorr,  A.  C 

Hart,  J.  T.,  & Son 

Hoag,  Henry  J 

Loud,  c.  h 

McDermand,  E.  F 

Maier,  Mrs.  Paul 

Montana  State  College " 

Montana  State  Industrial  School. . 

Pope,  G.  B 

Skaggs,  U.  S * 

United  States  Experiment  Station . 


Frazeur,  Allen,  & Son . 

Frazeur,  P.  A 

Prime-,  G.  A 

Wiebe,  Jacob 


Forsgate  Farms 

New  Jersey  State  Prison ! ! * 

New  Jersey  State  Home  for  Feeble- 
Minded  Girls. 

New  Jersey  State  Sanatorium 

New  Jersey  Reformatory  . 

New  Jersey  State  Village  for  Epileptics!! 

New  Jersey  Reformatory  for  Women 

New  Jersey  Reformatory 

Scudder,  Mrs.  II.  C.„ 


Gowanda  State  Homeopathic  Hospital. . 

Hawley  & Murphy 

Halliday,  C.  W !!!! 

Karpinski,  Henry 

Sherman,  G.  A 

Smiley,  Daniel [ 

Somers.  L.  H ! 

Walratn,  J.  J !!” 


Barbee,  B.  W 

Carr,  Julian  S 

Carter  Bros 

Carter,  Elmer 

Greenwood,  J.  B. . . 

Hudgins,  M.  J 

Kirkpatrick,  H.  D.. 
Pemberton,  Tom . . . 

Roberts,  J.  T 

Stevens,  Mrs.  Jessie . 

Stradley,  J.  R 

Turnage,  J.  R 

Wilson,  C.  T 


Armann.  K.  P 

Chizek,  II.  E 

Christianson,  John. 


Hamilton . . . 
St.  Ignatius. 

Huntley 

Miles  City . . 

Power 

Kalispell 

Miles  City . . 

Huntley 

Butte 

Bozeman 

Miles  City. . 

Glendive 

Huntley 

do 


Fort  Crook. 

do 

Arapahoe.. 
Beatrice. . . 


James  burg. 
Leesburg.. . 
Vineland . . 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Glen  Gardner 

Annandale 

Skillman 

Clinton 

Rahway 

Trenton  Junction. 


NEW  TORE. 

Collins 

Liverpool 

North  Chatham 

Oswego 

Springville ! ! . . 

Mohonk  Lake !. 

Onchiota ! ! ! 

East  Springfield 


NORTH  CARO  TIN  A. 

East  Durham 

Hillsboro ! 

Asheville !!!!!!!! 

Asheville,  R . 1 

Biltmore !!!!!!!! 

Asheville,  R.  1 

Charlotte 

Greensboro !.! 

Biltmore 

Greensboro ! ! ’ 

Asheville,  R . i !!!!.".*!! 

Durham * 

Biltmore .!.. 


Edinburg. . 
Wahpeton. 
New  Salem 


NORTH  DAKOTA. 


Purebred 

cattle. 


Edman,  H.  j.  & Harry 

-DrauuocK 

G winner 

Ellingson,  Thor. . 
Gaebe,  Frank 

Valley  City 

Garske,  Louis  J . . 

New  Salem 

Bismarck 

Gurr,  W.  W. . 

Lawton 

Holle.  H.  W 

Howden,  Geo 

Youngstown 

Sutton 

Huffman,  R.  B 

Indian  School 

Minnewaukan 

Fort  Totten 

Do 

Fort  Yates 

Jackson,  J.  P 

Jones  N H 

Grafton 

Klusman,  John 

Kroegcr,  Fred !!!!!! 

Kroeger,  Henry . . 

Hankinson 

Y oungstown 

do 

1 H&on,  Hans.. 

McCullough,  j.  t ..!!!!!!! ! 

Mcharty,  A.  J 

Park  River 

Crosby 

Starkweather 

Grade 

cattle. 


42 

15 

27 

1 

14 

4 

20 

36 

12 

6 

50 

6 

9 

16 

74 

35 

26 

57 

12 

58 

7 

9 

23 

14 

6 

10 

1 

13 

37 

18 

5 

3 

80 

17 

31 

42 

19 

29 

98 

28 

32 

36 

41 

117 

26 

33 

60 

1 

18 

22 

2 

17 

21 

1 

27 

29 

10 

13 

11 

10 

12 

22 

36 

7 

33 

21 

24 

7 

13 

27 

24 

5 

11 

7 

3 

41 

2 

2 

11 

13 

”23 

27 

7 

10 

13 

19  . 

5 

6 

26 

1 

23 

1 

44 

11 

10 

48 

21  . 

15  . 

7 . 

6 

4 

12  . 

8 I 

2 

24 


Department  Cir.  1^2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

north  Dakota— continued. 

25 

Powers  Lake 

19 

33 

Y oungstown 

7 

9 

Michafes  F C 

20 

Muske^  li.  J 

Grand  Rapids 

12 

New  Salem 

11 

10 

Valley  City 

9 

6 

Oium,  T.  N 

Lisbon...!! 

18 

Oberon 

11 

6 

Rood,  Ed 

Valley  City 

10 

11 

Sawtell  & Stowell 

Flasher. . “ 

33 

15 

21 

Flasher 

10 

7 

17 

4 

B inford 

13 

30 

6 

Grafton. 

14 

1 

9 

14 

OHIO. 

Marshallville 

15 

1 . 

Chesterland 

6 

10 

12 

Rid d lo  fr  Ron  W L 

.do 

23 

Metamora 

10 

14 

. do  ...  

27 

Archbold 

9 

2 

Swanton 

1 

9 

Cone,  J.  M 

West  Farmineton 

33 

do 

1 

10 

Dillon  R E 

Williamsfield  

21 

Doner  Pat 

Sandusky 

1 

13 

Fairchild  Osro 

Holland 

19 

Fulton  County  Infirmary. 

Wauseon 

9 

9 

George  H C 

Lebanon 

1 

9 

Gould  Harry 

Wauseop 

20 

3 

Grover,  B E & Nofziger  P 

. . do 

7 

7 

Ham  Henry 

..  do 

8 

15 

Hitchcock  C W 

Mentor 

20 

Keifer  Georce  M 

Monclova 

7 

3 

Kelsey,  C,  K 

Swanton 

3 

8 

King,  H.  W 

Mentor 

68 

Lauber,  Flovd 

Archbold 

4 

8 

Dauber,  M.  C 

Fayette 

10 

1 

Lee  & Son,  Geo.  W 

Morenci,  Mich.;  larm,  Fulton  County, 

6 

1 

McElhenv  George  S 

Ohio. 

Tiffin 

19 

Mantle  & Mantle 

Paines  ville 

15 

2 

Marks  & Son  E D 

Morenci,  Mich.;  farm,  Fulton  County, 
Ohio. 

Kent 

22 

Marsh  R L 

12 

Merkel  J F 

do 

17 

2 

Mohr  Lloyd 

Wauseon 

12 

Murrav  T C ir 

do  

3 

9 

Myers  Ben  E 

Marysville 

29 

Neiding  John  H 

Vermilion 

5 

2 

Nichols’ L W 

Garrettsville 

17 

Parker  L.  J 

Sandusky 

4 

3 

Paul  J L 

Norwalk 

4 

5 

Perry  J oe 

Wauseon 

3 

7 

Pierce  L S 

W arren 

25 

Pri.nd.l6  O L 

West  Anew 

17 

Seibel  tre'd  F 

Delta  

13 

Smith  ATrs  TT  P & Jcmps  A P 

Swanton  

15 

Smith  J A 

Williamsfield 

18 

1 

Smith  Wm  F 

Swanton 

11 

1 

Spring  E E 

Wa  n scon  

18 

Si  andish  William  H 

Lyons  ..' 

12 

pQnf!  ora  

12 

Warner  George  B 

Wellington 

50 

W oodin  F M 

Chardon 

6 

3 

Woods  & Son  W 13 

Monclova 

31 

Zchring  0 0 

Germantown 

18 

Hess  Brothers 

OREGON. 

Astoria - 

50 

56 

( I resham  ------------ 

18 

Mullenhon,  H.  G 

do 

10 

9 

25 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3. 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN — Continued. 


Name. 


Armstrong,  A.  D 

Beil,  W.  X..  . 

Boyd,  S.  B ^ ' . ' 

Brown,  J.  B 

Campbell,  J.  Floyd. . 
Connor,  Edgar  H 


Dale,  W.C 

Decker,  H.  R 

Ramble,  C.  A ‘ 

Glenn,  Fred.  T 

Glenn,  Jno.  A 

Headley,  M.  H 

Hoover,  F.  B 

Hoyt,  Mrs.  F.  B 

Hummer,  A.  K... 

Jones,  B.  F.,  & Son... 

Kerr , Clyde  F 

Lamond,  James 

Imrenz,  E.  C... 

McDowell,  F.  H.... 

McClelland,  R.  T & W.  C 
McClelland , Sami.  & S.  T. 

McC ov , Howard 

Minner,  R.  E 

Montgomery,  H.  W.V.V. 
Montgomery , J ames . 

Morris,  E.  M 

Myer,  James  F . . 

Obert,  F.  W 

Patterson,  G.  W.. 

Patton,  B.  J 

Pearson,  J.  C 

Pennsylvania  State  Coliege 

Searing,  Geo....  

Strawbridge,  Oliver  


Tinker,  W.  A 

Weber,  A.  C. 
Wheatall,  H.  R 
White,  W.  D . 
White,  W.  J...." 

Wilson,  M.  W 

Younkins,  Frank. 
Zittle,  C.  F 


Bee,  Sandiford 

Lynah,  R.  Norris.. 
McLeod.  W.  N... 

Maxwell,  J.  L ’ ” 

Welch,  A.  L.. 
Willard,  J.  T. 

Winn,  C.  F. 


Address. 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Grove  City,  R.  13 

Greenville,  R.  49. 

Sandy  Lake,  R.  25 

Titusville 

Titusville,  star  route ] 

Grove  City,  R.  11,  White  Star  Dairy 
Farm.  J 

Grove  City,  R.  13,  Mapledale  Farm .... 
South  Montrose,  Meadowside  Farm 

Fredonia,  R.  37 

Voland,R.i 

Mercer,  R.  6,  Glenview' Farm 

Fredonia,  R.  37 

Diamond,  R.  2 

Townville...  

Titusville,  R.  2,  Windfall'  Farm ! 

South  Montrose. . . 

Centerville,  R.  1....  

Grove  City,  R.  16...  

Centerville,  R.  1 

Grove  City,  R.  li 

Mercer,  R.  6... 

Grove  City 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  5 

West  Middlesex 

Grove  City,  R.  16...'.'.' 

Grove  City,  R 17  

Sandy  Lake,  R.  25 

Titusville,  star  route 
Diamond,  R.  2. . 

New  Galilee,  R.  i 

Sandy  Lake,  R.  25....  

Grove  Citv 

State  College 

Harrisville 

Titusville,  star  route,  Sunny  ’ Banks 
Farm. 

Grove  City 

Grove  City,  R.  11,  Three  Pine  Farm 
Titusville,  R.  2... 

Grove  City,  R.  11. . . 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

Titusville,  star  route,  Lon^iew  Farm 

Volant,  R.  1 

Jackson  Center 


Purebred  Grade 
cattle.  I cattle. 


SOUTH  CAROIINA. 

Charleston 

...do 

...do 

Spartanburg 

Charleston 

Spartanburg 

Ward 


Crothers,  P.  R.,  & Son 

Johnson,  Frank  E . . 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 
Hetland 

State  College  and  Experiment  Station 

VlVlPin  h arm  ’ 

Vivian 

Stone, Carri e E... 

Watertown. 

Alexander,  A.  E 

Tennessee. 

Humboldt 

School  of  Country  Life 

Parrish’  W.  A 

Nashville 

Union  City 

M estern  Tennessee  Experiment  Station 
UnR  ersity  of  Tennessee . 

Jackson 

K nn\  ' ' i llo 

Aldous,  Geo. 

iviiuA  \ nit;. 

UTAH. 

Blake,  S.  H 

Blake,  Jas.  T 

Cook,  Sam 

Holdaway , Frank  

Knudsen,  Benj 

Nelson  Bros.  Co 

Huntsville. 

Provo 

do " * ’ * 

Layton 

Provo 

do 

Woods  Cross. .. 

12652°— 20 4 

23 

3 

10 

9 

22 

14 

10 

14 

11 

11 

10 

10 

12 

13 

11 

13 


13 


26  Department  Cir.  Ib2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN — Continue  d 


Name. 


Pond,  Martin 

Snyder,  J.  M 

Stone,  J.  O.,  & Sons 


Brooks,  H.  K 

Dewey,  G.  G 

Hunt,  Geo.  A 

Lovejoy,  Henry 

Miller,  Ellery  M 

Morton,  Frederick  B . 

Otis,  P.  W 

Rushford,  Otis 

Safford,  D.  N 

Vosburgh,  Arthur  W. 
Wassen, Mrs.  W.  L.. 


Allen,  H.  C 

Ayers,  Floyd 

Barbour,  G.  W 

Beach,  G.  W 

Beard,  E.  E 

Beaumont  Farms 

Bell,  T.  L 

Berry  Bros 

Blair,  Miss  H.  E 

Blincow,  J.  T.,  jr 

Blundell,  G.  W 

Boucher,  Towney 

Bowman,  F.  E 

Bowman,  J.  M 

Bowman,  Samuel,  & Son. 

Bready,  B.  H 

Britton,  R.  S 

Bubb,  A.  M.C 

Buffalo, Mineral  Springs. . 

Carroll,  J.  T 

Carter,  Shirley 

Chrisman,  W.  G 

Cline,  W.  A 

Clopton,  N.  V 

Conner,  E.  R 

Crabill,  H.  S 

Diehl,  J.  I 

Dorr  ell,  Clarence 

Duane,  J.  H 

Eastern  State  Hospital. . 

Edwards,  S.  E 

Elliott, H.  C 

Ellmore,  W.  H 

Epard,  S.  D 

Episcopal  High  School... 

Eubank,  R.  H 

Ficklin,  J.  D 

Fields.  A.  J 

Fifield.,  S.  E 

Finks,  J.  J 

Fitzgerald,  E.  B 

Flora,  B.  T 

Florey,  J.  T 

Francis,  W.  S 

Frazier,  J.  A 

Funkhouser,  F.  M 

Gardner,  C.  E 

Garman,  G.  E 

Garnette,  J.  M 

Gilley,  Edwin 

Goss,  E.  L 

Graham  .Ashby 

Graves,  F.  S 

Graves,  R.  L 

Gregory,  G.  C 

Griffith,  F.  D 

Grrnnan,  Miss  N.  S 

Groves,  H.  M 

Groves,  W.  H 

Haily,  W.  E 

Harrison,  R.  L 

Hawthorne,  J.  C 

Heatwole  & Lahman  — 


Address. 


Purebred 

cattle. 


Grade 

cattle. 


Utah — continued. 


Richmond . 

Provo 

do 


. VERMONT. 

St.  Albans 

Royalton 

Vergennes 

Hardwick 

Coventry 

St.  Albans 

Vergennes 

Montgomery 

Jeffersonville 

South  Burlington 

Waterbury 


VIRGINIA . 

Nokesville 

Williamsburg 

Somerset 

Fairfax 

Sterling 

Michaux 

Round  Hill 

McLean 

Max  Meadows 

Sterling 

do 

McLean 

Remington 

Vienna 

Boone  Mill 

Herndon 

Nokesville ' 

Occo.quan 

Buffalo 

Richmond 

Ashland 

Burkeville 

Nokesville 

Bealeton 

Manassas 

Toms  Brook 

Nokesville 

Sterling 

Ford 

Williamsburg 

Sterling 

Roanoke 

Herndon 

Woodstock 

Alexandria 

Round  Hill 

Bealeton 

Remington 

do 

do 

Gretna 

Boone  Mill 

Nokesville 

Hamilton 

Mitchell 

Strasburg 

Raoidan 

Nokesville 

Charlottesville 

Williamsburg 

Somerset 

Fairfax 

Orange 

Culpeper 

Richmond 

Brandy  Station 

Woodberry  Forest 

Remington 

do 

Keysville 

Herndon 

Wellville 

Harrisonburg 


37 


12 


23 


10 


1 


37 


18 

25 
55 
24 
17 
51 
22 

17 
39 
12 
12 
16 
46 
15 

2 

19 
11 

32 

33 
39 
28 
12 
21 
13 
38 

4 

11 

20 

26 
80 

18 
21 
22 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 


27 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

vir  gini  A — continued . 

12 

10 

Hidon,  ,T.  G 

Culpeper 

6 

69 

] 

17 

Hubert,  Wm.  E 

Blacksburg 

16 

1 

30 

16 

Manassas 

10 

Wvtheville 

14 

13 

29 

Kidwell,  G.  W 

14 

Kirk,  T.C 

13 

Lee,  J.  B.,  & Sons 

16 

37 

Leigh,  H.  B 

19 

Lewis,  C.  F.  M 

Manassas 

13 

Lewis^  J.  F 

do 

15 

Leonard  ,A.A 

Midland 

14 

2 

Sterling 

25 

McArtor  & Smith 

3 

25 

McMichael,  A.  E 

Nokesville 

1 

20 

Mr  Michael’  A.  J.,  & Son 

.do 

3 

26 

McMurdo,  A.  E.’ 

Charlottesville 

4 

15 

Mahoney  M.  A 

Mitchells 

25 

18 

Makely,*J.  W 

Fairfax 

24 

Mankey,  William 

Remington 

18 

Manuel,  J.  B 

Nokesville 

2 

19 

Marchant,  H.  L 

Healys 

9 

8 

Mebane,  W.  N 

Dublin.. 

1 

67 

Miller,  Louis 

Remington 

27 

Miller’  0.  K 

Nokesville 

1 

24 

Miller,  W.  S 

.do 

27 

Moreland,  M.  A.,  & Bro 

Vienna 

12 

Morgan  Brothers 

Catawba  Sanatorium 

41 

Murphy,  J.  W 

Herndon 

16 

Myers,  B.  F.  A 

Fairfax 

15 

Nance,  A.  S 

Evington 

14 

Neale,  W.  D 

Beale  ton 

4 

17 

Norman,  D.  H.,  & Sons 

Chatham 

9 

28 

Oden,  W.  B 

Bealeton 

22 

Payne,  A.  C 

Purcellville 

1 

11 

Payne,  R.  H 

Remington 

16 

Payne,  Thos.  K 

do 

15 

Peck,  F.  E 

Herndon 

1 

25 

Peck,  H.  O 

do 

12 

Perry,  W.  H 

Victoria 

39 

Peterson,  A.  P 

Norge 

15 

Piedmont  Sanatorium 

Burkeville 

1 

’ 22 

Pierce,  V.  B 

Fredericksburg 

1 

17 

Retzer,  W.  W 

Herndon 

24 

Ritchie,  Mrs.  M.  J 

Burke 

30 

Robey,  E.  L 

Herndon 

28 

Ryland,  W.  S 

Manassas 

25 

Sager,  A.  V 

Fairfax 

15 

Scott  A.  R 

Richmond . 

10 

46 

Shelley,  H.  P 

Denbigh 

17 

Shenk,  A.  P 

do 

4 

2 

Shepherd,  M.  J 

Nokesville 

19 

Shuler,  Mrs.  Alice 

Motley 

16 

6 

Shumate,  0 

Bealeton 

1 

55 

Slusher,  Henry 

Manassas 

16 

Solomon,  M.  M 

Sterling 

13 

Souder,  M.  C 

Purcellville 

2 

20 

Southwestern  State  Hospital 

Marion 

11 

35 

Stanford,  M.  F 

Calverton 

39 

Summers,  C.  M 

Catlett 

2 

22 

Swartz,  F.  M 

N okesville 

21 

Taylor,  J.  P 

Orange 

121 

Taylor,  Mrs.  W.  W 

Remington 

17 

Thomas,  J.  B 

Middle  burg 

82 

8 

Thompson,  J.  D 

Herndon 

3 

27 

Thompson,  W.  J 

Round  Hill 

22 

Timberlake,  E.  J 

Dumbarton 

34 

Torreyson,  A.  D 

Ballston 

1 

32 

Trammel,  French 

McLean 

19 

Trenis,  L.  W 

Catlett . 

20 

33 

Vansant,  J.  F 

Hampton 

1 

29 

Virginia  Hot  Springs  Co 

Hot  Springs 

1 

97 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute 

Blacksburg 

57 

Virginia  School  for  Deaf  and  Blind 

Staunton 

14 

15 

Virginia  State  School  for  Colored  Deaf 

Newport  News 

10 

and  Blind  Children. 

28 


Department  Cir.  Ik2,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN  -FR IES I AN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Virginia — continued . 

Waddell,  H.  G 

Charlottesville 

14 

Walker,  F.  S 

W ood berry  Forest . . 

81 

24 

Walker,  Wilbur  S 

Fairfax 

11 

Wambersie,  A.  C 

Orange 

12 

18 

Wambersie,  E.  E 

11 

46 

Weaver,  .T.  E 

Remington 

17 

Weimer,  Amzi 

Bealeton 

10 

Wertz,  J.  G 

Salem 

10 

17 

Wilkins,  William 

Wvtheville 

2 

61 

Willcoxen,  H.  P 

52 

Willis  & Gratan 

3 

24 

Woodberry  Forest  Farm 

Woodberry  Forest 

^2 

69 

Wright,  F.  A 

Staunton 

9 

16 

Yoder,  D.  S 

Oysterpoint 

37 

"WASHINGTON. 

Benson,  A 

Lynden 

21 

Benson,  E.  F 

Prosser 

6 

19 

Crawford,  James 

Colville 

1 

19 

Donaldson,  E.  A 

Chehalis 

5 

Evans,  H.  J 

Ferndale 

16 

Hamilton,  W.  A.,  & Sons 

Chehalis 

24 

Nisbet,  Hugh — ' 

Chimacum 

34 

Peabody,  Charles 

Bothell 

60 

Rector.  W.  I 

Tono 

9 

Selle,  Gus 

Colville 

24 

Smith,  A.  E 

Sumas 

108 

Tualco  Valley  Farm 

Monroe 

26 

West,  Bvron  A 

Mount  Vernon 

16 

"WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Englehard,  Mrs.  Mary 

Elm  Grove 

25 

Montgomery,  M.  T 

Wheeling,  R.  2. . 

16 

1 

Schmidt,  Geo 

16 

Sisters  of  Good  Shepherd 

Wheeling 

2 

7 

WISCONSIN. 

Anderson,  A 

Larsen 

17 

Anderson,  A.  M 

Whitewater 

34 

Barron  County  Farm 

Barron 

4 

18 

Brigham,  C.  I 

Blue  Mounds 

7 

Bur  bach,  J.  W 

Waukesha 

31 

Buss,  Julian  B 

Reese  ville 

15 

6 

Caflisch,  F.  A 

Baraboo 

21 

Carey,  James  J 

Larsen . . 

8 

17 

Coogan,  Wm.,  & Sons 

Watertown 

54 

Cook,  George  L 

Burlington 

24 

Cook,  Jos.  C 

do 

23 

1 

Coolidge,  D.  C.: 

Farm  No.  1 

Downing..  . 

162 

Farm  No.  2 

73 

Darcey,  Francis 

Watertown 

18 

Darcey,  Thomas 

24 

Elmer,  Ivan 

New  Glarus. 

45 

2 

Evenson,  Newell 

Sheridan 

19 

Fehling,  E.  O 

Juneau.. 

19 

Ferg,  Fred.  W 

Manawa 

11 

6 

Floistad,  Knute 

Iola . 

21 

Fraser,  Geo.  A 

Lake  Beulah 

5 

6 

Gray,  Louis 

De  Forest. 

28 

Gunderson,  Maria  E.,  & Son 

Oconomowoc 

35 

Haase,  Chas.,  & Sons 

Neenah 

4 

20 

Haseleu,  Chas.  F 

Waterloo. . 

30 

Haseleu,  M.  T 

Waterloo,  Fall  Meadow  Farm. 

27 

Hildeman,  Otto 

W atertown 

9 

13 

Holman, C.  R 

W aupaca 

5 

11 

Holman,  Reuben 

5 

11 

Huber  Bros 

W atertown . . 

23 

40 

Jacobson,  L.  B 

Chetek 

18 

21 

Jenson.  John 

Waupaca. . . 

22 

Jones  & Alt 

Watertown. . . 

22 

Jones,  0.  L 

Pickett. . . . 

4 

27 

ICrahenbuhl,  F.  J 

Barron. . . . 

19 

Kreimann,  Edw 

Brillion 

7 

2 

Lacdu  Flambeau  Indian  School 

Lac  du  Flambeau 

15 

Larson,  Almo  J 

Waupaca 

2 

15 

Lee,  P.  A.  G 

Deerfield 

2 

16 

Lehmann,  Theo 

Watertown 

28 

Lc  Juene,  John 

Rice  Lake 

22 

Lewis  Brothers 

Lake  Beulah 1 

26 

17 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 . 


29 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN  Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

1 Purebred 
cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Wisconsin — continued . 

Lindsev,  Geo.  C 

20 

12 

Luttman,  Henry: 

Farm  No.  1 

24 

Farm  No.  2 

15 

McFarland,  J.M 

13 



Malloy,  Harry  A 

Hart  ford . . 

15 



Marty,  Fred.  C 

47 

1 

Menriing,  Rov 

Appleton 

9 

15 

Menning,  Wm 

19 

Miller,  A.  J 

Milltown 

27 

l 

Miller,  J.  C 

Pickett 

18 

4 

Moen,  Anfin  K 

Stoughton 

l 8 

11 

Molzahn,  J.  J 

Watertown 

20 

2 

Morev,  E.  E 

Sheridan 

17 

.Mullen,  T.  J 

Watertown 

33 

Nace,  F.  A 

Iola 

38 



Noyes,  Alvin  A 

Jefferson 

10 

1 

O'Leary,  Wm 

Honey  Creek T 

34 

Olson,  Chris 

Ogdensburg 

13 

Peterson,  P.  0 

3 

10 

Pingel,  John 

Appleton 

6 

J 29 

Pinkerton,  A.  J 

Waupaca 

! 14 

4 

Piper,  John  E 

Watertown,  Ebenezer  Stock  Farm 

22 

Plummer,  George 

Oshkosh 

6 

26 

Post  & Pitzer,  Drs 

Barron 

37 

Rice,  Geo.  C 

Webster 

16 

Ruddick  Farm  Land  Co 

Stone  Lake. . . 

24 

4 

Schaefer,  R . J 

Appleton . 

41 

Shaefer,  Mrs.  Wm 

2 

13 

Schmidt,  J.  F 

Randolph. 

41 

Skaulen  Old  People’s  Home 

Stoughton 

34 

Smith,  A.  E 

Waupaca 

24 

Smith,  J.H 

3 

11 

Sodersten,  Gust 

Scandinavia 

i 

21 

Spencer,  Robt 

Evansville. . 

47 

Stauffacher,  W.  W 

New  Glarus  . 

26 

7 

Steffensen,  Walter  A 

Appleton 

25 

Stigler,  Jos.  A 

Waukesha 

12 

Stigler,  Michael 

2 

19 

Swan,  Nat 

Wauwatosa 

3 

27 

Sw*an,  Robt.  G 

14 

Swoboda,  Frank  A 

East  Troy 

30 

Ten  Pas  Bros 

Arpin 

14 

22 

Thomas  & Thomas 

Baraboo .... 

5 

28 

Thome,  Peter 

Rice  Lake. . . . 

6 

32 

Thorson,  C.  P 

Scandinavia. . . 

5 

9 

Thorson,  O.  M 

4 

22 

Tomah  Indian  School 

Tomah 

65 

Treleven,  A.  B 

Omro 

9 

H 

Tristram  Farm  Co 

Eau  Claire . . 

32 

24 

Van  Lone,  A.  E 

Jefferson 

35 

Voss,  J.  G 

Elkhorn 

31 

Waite,  T.  B 

Oshkosh 

23 

Weissenburg,  Geo 

Stanley 

35 

Wilton,  J.  C 

Eagle 

37 

Wisconsin  Home  and  Farm  School 

Dousman 

19 

Zickert,  Otto  E 

Rosendale 

4 

10 

Ziem.  Chas.  W 

Larsen  _ 

9 

9 

Total  (Holstein-Friesian,  United  States) 

11,819 

11,991 

JERSEY. 


ALABAMA. 


Baker,  P.  B Birmingham,  R.  R 

Burton,  T.  H Oxford. 

Caldwell,  Miss  Daisy Scottsboro 

Calloway,  Frank i Enowdoun 

Duggar,  J.  F.  jr Hope  Hull 

Hagan , Mrs . F ranees  J i M ontgomery 

Hailes,  A.  F do 

Hall  Bros Dothan ’ . ’ ' ' " 

Hall,  W.  M.,  & Sons James 

Haynes,  D.  P Anniston 

Holcomb  Bros.  Dairy Birmingham,  R.  4 

J ones,  J.  L Barachias 

Moore,  R.O Newbem 

Praytor  & Jenison j Trussville 


1 

26 

3 


3 


78 

10 

5 


2 

29 


50 

5 

15 

18 

56 

17 

41 

41 


42 

60 

35 

22 

4 


30 


Department  Cir.  1^2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


JERSEY  -Continued. 


Name. 


Price,  E.  E 

Richardson  Bros 

State  of  Alabama 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Thedford,  W.  F 

Watson,  R.  F.,  & Son 

Wilkinson,  E.  L.,  & Sons. 
Wilson,  Albert  F 


Welty,  D.  C. 


Bedford,  E.  T 

Black,  R.  J 

Foster,  M.  B 

Heald,  Daniel  A 

Kingsbury,  John  E. . . 

Savage,  C.  H 

Savage,  W.  I.  & T.  M. 
Whiting,  Henry  M . . . 


Adams,  C.  H 

Anderson,  A.  J 

Arbor  Jersey  Farm;  Miss  M.  O.  Chase, 
manager. 

Danson,  Thos 

Donell,  L.  M 

Horton,  C.  M 

Howell,  Ira  C 

Lanier,  A . R 

Mahoney,  P.  W 

Milam,  M.  A 

Olustee  Manor  Farm 

Pennock  Plantation 

Southern  States  Land  & Timber  Co 

Stover,  W.  S 

Westcott,  Walter 

Wilkelmann,  Herman 

Wilson,  Milton  D 


Cochran,  C.  W 

Hardman,  Dr.  L.  G. 
Hunt,  B.  W 


Brunis,  J.  F 1 Boise 

University  of  Idaho  dairy  herd 1 Moscow 


Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Alabama— continued. 

Montgomery,  R.  4 

3 

36 

Montgomery 

2 

60 

Montgomery  Stockade  No.  1 

27 

Speigner 

31 

Wetumka 

31 

Mount  Vernon  (Searcy  Hospital) 

38 

Montgomery ' 

1 

20 

6 

7 

Birmingham,  R.  4 

54 

Montgomery. 

49 

ARKANSAS. 

Texarkana 

72 

23 

CONNECTICUT. 

Greens  Farms 

37 

Watertown 

8 ! 

3 

West  Hartland 

11 

Cheshire 

6 I 

3 

Rockville 

20 

3 

31  1 

31  I 

9 

13 

FLORIDA. 

1 

64 

Pensacola 

1 

25 

Brandon 

51 

2 

Jacksonville,  Kings  Road 

35 

Orlando 

21 

Fort  Pierce 

18 

Pensacola 

12 

Orlando 

12 

Jacksonville 

15 

Miami 

62 

3 

Olustee  

2 

27 

Jupiter 

25 

44 

West  Palm  Beach 

23 

40 

Dinsmore 

30 

! Orlando 

15 

1 J ackson  ville,  genera  1 delivery 

49 

Bartow 

26 

44 

GEORGIA. 

Thomasville 

20 

Commerce  

91 

Eatonton 

26 

2 

IDAHO. 

! Ttnise 

12 

12 

1 Moscow 

13 

1 

ILLINOIS. 

Lovington 

18 

2 

Ilopedale 

1 

6 

1 Joy 

39 

22 

Lake  Villa 

115 

Morris 

17 

1 Sullivan 

10 

8 

1 Dayton 

64 

1 McLean 

14 

. 11 

1 Watson 

35 

' Highland  Park 

9 

Sullivan 

12 

INDIANA. 

1 Goshen 

11 

1 Vincennes 

36 

| Shelburn 

10 

5 

11 

! Bloomington 

5 

3 

Elizabethtown 

2 

10 

do 

22 

1 

Westfield *. 

30 

2 

1 Rising  Sun 

28 

19 

1 Carlisle 

9 

8 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 


31 


JERSEY  Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Currv,  H.  L 

Indiana— continued . 
Bloomington 

Decker,  Henry,  jr 

Vincennes 

Donnelly,  Maurice 

Carmel 

Fyffe,  R.  H 

B loomingt  on . 

Hiatt,  Cleodas 

Newcastle 

Hogue,  Sam 

Vincennes 

Ice,  Harry  H 

M ount  Summit 

Jones  & Son,  J.  C 

Pine  Village 

La  Mar,  Horace 

Liberty 

McCulloch,  Harold 

Charlestown 

McNutt,  Lewis 

Brazil 

Minnicli.  A.  V 

Carlisle 

Oliphant  & Kreh 

Vincennes  .. 

Rohm,  Guv 

Carbon. . 

Schaclit,  C.  T.  Oscar 

B loomington . 

Senour,  W.  H 

Brookville. . 

Shaw,  H.  0 

Zions  ville 

Sherwin,  Sol 

Middlebury 

Shields,  Zib 

Smith,  Wm.  G 

Shelburn 

Spiceland 

Thorn,  William  F 

Vincennes... 

Vannice,  L.  G 

Amo 

Warner,  A.  G 

Auburn 

Wheeler  & Son,  A.  L 

Moores  ville 

Whitford,  Scott 

Kendallville. . 

Wilkinson,  W.  D 

Nobles  ville... 

Winslow,  L.  A 

Bloomington. . 

Barr,  W.  J 

IOWA. 

Algona 

Heaton,  A.  S 

Fairfield 

Keener  & Co 

Newton 

Nurre,  J.  J 

Bancroft 

Arnott,  Marshall 

KANSAS. 

Blue  Rapids . 

Coleman,  C.  C 

Sylvia 

Dorn,  T.  F 

Topeka . . . 

Dudley,  J.  F 

Carljde.. 

Furse,  E.  D 

Pleasanton. 

Grier,  James 

Conway  Springs... 

Greene,  R.  W 

Lincoln 

Gilliland,  R.  A 

Mayetta 

Hasenyager,  C.  A 

Bern 

Haworth,  Erasmus 

Lawrence 

Krasny,  Jos 

Topeka. . 

Knopf,  Frank 

Holton.. 

Leonard,  Oscar  E 

Lawrence . . 

McKee,  R.  O 

Marysville. . 

Porter,  J.  B.,  & Sons 

Mayetta 

Salisbury,  B 

Tescott . . . 

Scheibeler,  F 

Scantlin,  T.  H 

Savonburg 

Tredway  & Son,  J.  F 

La  Harpe 

Tillev,  C.  A 

Frankfort 

Walton,  W.  W 

Holton. 

Wempe,  Robert 

Seneca 

Yust,  Robert  J 

Sylvia 

Burnheim,  Isaac 

KENTUCKY. 

Anchorage. . . 

Bradley,  P.  & E 

Trenton 

Cassadv,  Ed 

Crestwood . . . 

Cobb,  Dr.  R.  L 

Coleman,  Chas.  E 

Trenton 

Latonia 

Dickinson,  W.  J 

Trenton 

Field,  F.C 

Owensboro.. . 

Garth,  J.  B 

Trenton... 

Garth,  Morton 

Gary,  J.  C.,  & Son 

Hopkinsville 

Hanser,  Carl 

Shelby  ville... 

Hurstbourne  Farms 

St.  Matthews. 

Lindsay,  E.  B 

Elkton. 

Mason,  Jas.  F 

Hopkins 

Richardson,  Luke 

Kenton 

Rice,  Henry  C 

Fredonia. 

Waller,  W.  S 

Trenton.. 

Ware,  E.  J 

do  ... 

Yager  & Ellis...  ...  . 

La  Grange 

Purebred  ‘ 
cattle. 


Grade 

cattie. 


16 

12 

28 

14 

11 

6 

24 

5 

8 

23 

20 

6 

9 

15 

14 

17 

13 

11 

5 

23 

1 

8 

10 

2 

10 

1 

21 

12 

27 

6 

5 

7 

17 

3 

16 

23 

9 

13 

30 

4 

23 

41 

23 

1 

5 

10 

21 

1 

41 

13 

16 

37 

32 

10 

8 

2 

18 

2 

12 

2 

40 

1 

16 

12 

1 

14 

6 

10 

4 

16 

15 

35 

5 

5 

8 

29 

15 

2 

19 

2 

11 

7 

12 

19 

2 

9 

15 

22 

16 

8 

11 

3 

14 

11 

8 

23 

1 

3 

13 

11 

8 

15 

18 

11 

50 

12 

8 

28 

32 


Department  Cir.  1b2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


JERSEY— Continued. 


I 


N 


ame. 


Address. 


Purebred  | Crude 
Cattle.  cattle. 


LOUISIANA. 


Allen,  J.  C 

Bridges,  X.  M 

Buckhalter,  Ed.. 

Diamond  L Ranch 

Edwards,  W.  D 

Gavden,  George  1^ 

Gillette.  O.  R 

Hicks,  S.  B 

Hutchinson,  C.  T 

Hutchinson,  S.  N 

Hutchinson,  T.  S 

McCourtney,  J 

Morgan,  L.  E 

Morris,  W.  B 

Mosley,  R 

Pesson,  Louis 

Pesson,  Robert 

Powell,  J.  A 

Shaffer,  J.  J 

Shaffer,  R.  B 

Smith,  Hon.  E.  K 

Stonewall  High  School 

Travis,  Dr.  R.  W 

Waller,  H.  H 

Williams,  L.  K 


Kentwood . . . 

do 

Tangipahoa. . 

Angie 

Tangipahoa. . 

Gurley 

Houghton 

Shreveport... 
Tangipahoa. . 

do 

do 

Slaughter . . . 
Baton  Rouge. 

Slaughter 

Stonewall 

New  Iberia... 

do 

Kentwood . . . 

Ellendale 

do 

Shreveport... 

Stonewall 

Tangipahoa . . 

do 

Patterson 


73 

19 


1 


5 


23 

1 


1 

25 


17 

20 

26 

6 

21 

55 


6 

30 

34 
32 

35 
23 
44 
21 
50 
54 
16 
59 


46 

28 


Adams,  Wm 

Ames,  Leslie 

Ballard,  Albert  L 

Blanchard,  George 

Brackett,  Guy  L 

Burgess,  Chas.  T 

Butler,  Harold  E 

Clement  & Taylor 

Cobb,  C.  F. . .'. 

Dean,  H.  A 

Files,  E.E 

French,  C.  G 

Griffin,  Stanley  R 

Hackett,  L.  Li 

Haslam,  Moses 

Higgins,  B.  W 

Hunter,  Miss  Ella 

Ingraham , E . H 

Keep  & Taylor 

Leach,  M.  6 

Luce,  Frank 

Luce,  M.  A 

McLean,  J.  A.  & O.  S 

Moores,  Albert  E 

Mottram,  Walter  L 

Moulton,  David  E 

Page,  E.  D 

Pike  Bros.,  W.  W.  & F.  B 

Randall,  C.S 

Robbins,  Maurice 

Smith,  R.  W 

Walker,  J.  W.  G 

Wilder,  V.  E 

Wilson,  Willard 

Young,  Wm.  F : 


Carcaud,  J.  E 

Cockey,  I.  C 

Cooper,  P.  B 

Cramer,  H.  R 

Greer  & Thompson 
Grossnickle,  H.  D . . 
Hershberger,  Sami. 

Hoopes,  Jos.  T 

Jacobs,  Mrs.  H.  B . . 

Jewett,  H.  J 

La  Brot,  S.  W 

MoNabb,  D.  Paul. . 

Miller,  Norman 

Monks,  Thos.  J 

Nicodemus,  C.  A . . 
Powell,  A.  T 


MAINE. 


Bowdoinbam 

Waterville 

Augusta 

Cumberland  Center . 

Woodfords 

Union 

Franklin 

Winthrop 

Lisbon  Falls 

Lincolnville 

Gorham 

Norway 

Levant 

Canton 

Waltham 

Levant 

Topsham 

Augusta 

North  Jay 

West  Penobscot — 

Augusta 

Topsham 

Augusta 

Houlton 

Sabattus 

Portland 

Bangor 

Cornish 

Portland 

Augusta 

East  Corinth 

Brownfield 

Washburn 

Cumberland  Center 
Norway 


11  I 

5 

1 • 
33  . 
27 
31 


3 

13 


10 

18 


10 


17 

8 

1 


4 

27 

2 

32 


20 

31 

8 


1 


17 

22 

12 

8 


MARYLAND. 


Bel  Air 

Claiborne 

Annapolis 

Walkersville 

Bel  Air 

Boonsboro 

Grantsville 

Bel  Air 

Baltimore,  Carroll 

Darlington 

Annapolis 

Whiteford;  post  office,  Bel  Air 

Grantsville;  post  office,  Elk  Lick,  l a 

Bel  Air 

Walkersville 

Brookville 


9 j 

2 


18 


22 

18 


I 


21  j 

24  | 


8 I 


6 

9 


2 

11 


17 

12 

10 

5 

1 

14 

16 

12 

19 


12 

10 

12 

18 


11 


17 

10 

11 

3 

7 

22 


15 

15 

16 
14 

4 


2 

11 

14 

13 

1 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3.  33 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 


Pylo,  Geo.  M 

Saul,  B.  F 

Stonebraker,  J.  E. . 
Walker.  N.  Walter. 

Yoder,  C.  J 

Yoder,  John  U 

Yoder,  Simon  M 


Brewer,  Miss  F.  R 

Davis,  George  E 

Nve,  T.  H 

Schermerhorn  Estate,  F.  A. 

Slater  Estate,  Wm.  S 

Walker  Estate,  W.  H 


Balden,  Alvin 

Brennan,  Fitzgerald  & Sinks . 

Conyer,  Dr.  C.  B 

Mumford,  H.  W 

Probert,  H.  F 

Stevenson,  Jas.,  & Son 

Taggett,  C.  A 

Wedge,  J.  D 


Aldrich,  H.  G 

Brackett,  C.  R 

Cliff,  M.T 

Elliott,  H.  L 

Glenzke,  Clayton 

Grathwol,  J.  J 

Hanna,  L.  B 

Head,  Dr.  M.  L 

Johnson  & Son,  Fred . 


Address. 


Maryland— continued . 


Bel  Air,  R.  3 

Kensington 

Hagerstown 

Colesville 

Grantsville 

Grantsville;  post  office,  Elk  Lick,  Pe 
— do 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Nantasket  Junction. 

Becket 

Chicopee 

Lenox 

do 

Great  Barrington 


Capac 

Farmington. 
Kalamazoo.. 
Ann  Harbor. 

Jackson 

Washington. 
Fairgrove. .. 
Allegan 


MINNESOTA. 


Mora 

Long  Lake. . 
Lake  City. . . 
Minneapolis. 

Hopkins 

Excelsior 

Austin 

Albert  Lea. . 
Plain  view. . . 


Purebred 

cattle. 


Love,  J.  W 

-YIlUlVcl 

Wayzata 

ii 

10 

33 

15 
80 
48 

2 

9 

6 

31 

16 
10 
20 
16 

118 

Lymbumer,  Robt.  H 

Osage 

Morck,  ( . J 

Kenyon 

Munn,  M.  D 

Forest  Lake 

Munson  Bros 

Hartland 

Palmer,  E.  G 

Elk  River 

Patchen,  W.  H 

Anoka. . . . 

.Reed  & Son,  F.  H 

Racine 

Saunders,  E.  N.,  jr 

Schneider,  Chas.  A 

Albert  Lea 

Slade,  G.T 

White  Bear 

Webber,  C.  C 

Minneapolis 

Wood,  J.  R 

Austin 

Mech.  College 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Starkville 

Baptist  Orphanage 

Jackson 

Bowen,  N.  M 

Byhalia 

11 

1 

11 

46 

1 

6 

38 

39 
10 

2 

5 

Bush,  C.  H 

Laurel ... 

Cooper,  J.  J 

Dixon,  R.  1 

Evans,  J.  E 

Muldon 

Grenada  College 

Grenada 

Gurler  & Meeks 

Macon 

Gurler  & Moorehead 

Brooksville. . . 

Gurler,  H.  B.,  & Co 

Macon 

Hardage,  T.  M 

Dixon 

Hawkins,  Mrs.  A.  L 

Jackson 

Hayes,  W.  T 

Dixon 

Henley,  J.  W 

Jackson 

Houston,  C.  L 

Laurel 

Humphries,  T.  S 

Durant 

46 

Lewis,  Ed 

Dixon 

Lewis,  Ira 

2 

4 

3 

12 

14 

5 
5 
9 
5 

4 1 

Lotterhos,  J.  L 

Crystal  Springs 

Majure,C.  C 

Dixon 

Majure,  Dewitt 

Maiure,  J.  C 

Majure,  R.  L 

do. 

Majure,  Roy 

Dixon,  R.  1 

Majure,  W.  A 

Dixon 

Majure,  W.  J 

Majure,  W.  W 

Grade 

cattle. 


10 


16 

23 
2 

31 

16 

*6 

111 

24 
205 

8 

28 

4 

22 

34 

21 

17 

. 44 
2 

7 
4 
1 

8 
6 

10 


34 


Department  Cir.  Ik2,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Mississippi— con  tinued . 

64 

4 

27 

.do 

17 

44 

28 

4 

11 

Starkville 

39 

35 

22 

23 

Riidcpl  .i  T 

3 

3 

14 

10 

46 

21 

West  Point 

37 

4 

6 

32 

5 

8 

17 

do 

19 

n D 

Terry 

42 

38 

3 

^Tp?t  W Z 

7 

9 

37 

MISSOURI. 

37 

St.  Charles 

10 

18 

4 

MONTANA. 

15 

5 

NEBRASKA. 

Bcck^r  R W - - 

David  City 

5 

r,qrtpr  c R 

Hebron 

7 

Ynct  h E 

Hastings 

37 

6 

NEVADA. 

Reilly  D W 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  70 

5 

12 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Chapman  H Rycrson 

Concord 

14 

Chellis  & Son  Rush. 

Claremont 

32 

1 

G uerin  E R 

Hopkinton 

11 

Smith  Frank 

Lakeport 

35 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Abbott  George  S 

Salem 

15 

I 

Albright  Andrew 

Maple  woo  d 

24 

Dryden  Forrest  F 

Bernardsville 

12 

New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Sta- 

New Brunswick 

73 

tion. 

Taylor  Knox 

High  Bridge 

9 

Young  Henry  F 

Bernardsville 

32 

NEW  YORK. 

Babcock  Elias 

Schoharie 

13 

1 

Billings  ’Mrs  H B 

V alcour 

34 

Butler  Edmond 

Mount  Kisco  

53 

Conklin  Irvin 

Downs  ville 

9 

42 

TTnnt  T Son 

Hunt  

14 

Proctor  William  Ross 

Barry  ville  - - 

132 

fimilATT  Datiipl 

Mohonk  Lake 

29 

Stone  A J 

Nunda  

8 

Ward  Walter  E 

Albany 

21 

15 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Albright  F P 

Greensboro 

4 

10 

Baker  A L 

Newton 

| 

7 

Cherotce  Indian  School 

Cherokee 

20 

Cline  D M 

Lincolnton,  R.  2 

6 

19 

OaKIa  q t?.  Rnnnv  Hill  Farm 

Guilford  College 

27 

VjUUIU.  P.  J2i.«  PUllllj  J-iiii  x aim  ........... 

Collier  T ]VI 

East  Durham,  R.  3 

16 

Crutchfield.  C.  M 

Durham 

J 

31 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3, 


35 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Curtis,  A.  W 

NORTH  CAROLINA— continued. 
Greensboro. . . 

Diggs,  J.  F 

Rockingham 

96 

Edwards,  D.  M 

Raleigh,  R.  6 

Edwards,  R.  L 

Guilford... 

Fisher  & Morrison 

Salisbury 

1 

Green,  C.  J 

Raleigh 

Griffin,  R.  H 

Hall,  J.  S.,  & Sons 

Barber 

5 

Harris  Dairy 

Raleigh 

Harris,  W.  B 

Mooresville 

8 

Holding,  H.  R 

Raleigh 

Kaplan,  A.  I 

Kiser,  W.  C 

Reepsville...  . 

3 

12 

19 

16 

Lutz,  H.  P 

Newton 

Lutz,  J.  0 

Lutz,  W.  R 

Lynn,  R.  E 

Durham,  R.  6..  . . 

Moriarity,  J.  D 

West  Durham,  R.  1. 

North  Carolina  Sanatorium 

Sanatorium 

17 

Oliver,  J.  H 

Greensboro 

Pender  Test  Farm 

Willard 

40 

Peterson,  Jasper 

Greensboro 

Pope,  M.  T 

Raleigh 

Pumpelly,  Raphael 

Samarcand 

Ramseur,  D.  W 

Greensboro,  R.  1 

Reed,  J.  A 

Biltmore 

Roberts,  Bob 

Raleigh,  R.  6 

Roberts,  H.  M 

Fletcher 

13 

4 

3 

Rockett,  L.  E 

Randleman,  R 1 

Leitz,  L.  H 

Newton,  R.  4 

Sharpe,  A.  E 

Greensboro 

Smith,  L.  M 

Raleigh,  R.  2 

5 

Smith,  Y.  E 

East  Durham 

Smythe,  A.  T 

East  Flat  Rock 

7 

State  Penitentiary 

Raleigh 

Tallassee  Power  Co 

Badin 

12 

Walters,  Mrs.  B.  W 

Raleigh 

Ward,  F.  A 

Durham,  R.  1 

Weatherly,  A.  C 

Gorman 

Wilkerson,  F.  A 

Biltmore 

Woodleif,  W.  C 

Raleigh 

Woosley,  J.  T 

Winston-Salem 

Worth,  E.  W 

Raleigh,  R.  2.. 

15 

Yates,  R.  E.  L 

Raleigh 

Byron,  Belt 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Wheatland 

14  • 
66 

58  ■ 
17 

14  • 
1 

35  ■ 
35  ■ 
73  • 
60  - 
5 - 

Crabbe,  Sam  F 

Fargo 

Currie,  S 

Park  River 

Agricultural  College 

Agricultural  College 

Abbott,  A.  G 

OHIO. 

Wadsworth 

Baker,  W.  H 

Salem 

Beman  & Son,  M.  E. . . . 

Thurman 

Blackburn,  I.  Robert 

Dayton 

Bonnell,  Hugh  W 

Youngstown. 

Brantingham,  J.  & J.  C 

Winona 

Bundy,  D.  C 

Barnes ville.  . 

Chidlaw,  E.  H.... 

Cleves 

Cope,  Seward  B 

Winona 

is  1 

5 

11 
1 o 

Cope,  William  L 

Salem 

Creegor,  James  W 

Tiffin 

Dumford  & Son,  I.  N 

Newtons  ville 

Edgerton,  W.  G 

Hanoverton. . 

14 
1 o 

Frederick,  R.  E 

Poland 

lZ  - 

Ol 

Gemberling,  E.  E . . 

Kent 

Z 1 • 

o 

Kahler,  F.  J 

Plain  Citv 

o 

King,  Oliver  E 

Tiffin 

57  - 
2 
Q7 

Miller  & Sons,  J.  S 

Ellsworth 

Murphy,  A.  W 

Chardon 

ol  - 

A K 

Pottarf,  Jesse  C 

Salem 

• 

1 1 

Read  & Hall 

New  Waterford 

11  - 

07 

Rinehart,  W.  E 

Magnolia 

Z i - 
O A 

Schoepf,  W.  K 

Glendale 

- 

CQ 

Shepherd,  W.  C 

Hamilton 

Do  - 

1 1 

White,  Jacob  E 

Greenfield 

11  - 
215  - 

Grade 

cattle. 


10 

21 

43 

12 

15 

14 
3 
7 
6 

13 

2 

24 

2 

10 

51 

15 
17 
15 
11 
17 
12 
20 

52 


36 


Department  Cir.  ih2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

OREGON. 

Altman,  B.  C 

Gresham 

6 

Biersdorf,  George 

Cornelius 

2i 

Cary,  Ed 

Carlton 

40 

Conner,  George  & Ella 

Albany 

tv 

26 



Dickson,  J.  M.,  & Sons 

Shedd 

46 

Doerfler,  F.  A . 

Silverton 

17 

Ewalt,  Lucy 

Aurora 

24 

Haley,  Lester  B 

Hillsboro 

24 



Hewitt,  G.  G 

Monmouth 

29 

Johanson,  C.  H 

Gresham 

19 



Ladd,  William  M 

Portland 

57 

Lougbary,  Frank 

Monmouth 

16 

Lynn,  F”  E 

Perrydale 

34 

if c Arthur  & Stauff 

Rickerall 

35 



Reith,  J.  W 

Astoria 

6 

Smith,  Emery  T.,  & Son 

Myrtle  Creek 

12 

Williams,  Thomas 

Forest  Grove 

10 

21 

Withycombe,  George  H 

Gaston 

24 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Allen,  G.  G 

Grove  City,  R.  11 

15 

August,  J.  C 

Diamond 

1 

14 

Badger’  A.  G 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  l_.  . 

15 

2 

Badgerl  L.  A 

Slippery  Rock’  R.  4. . . 

8 

q 

Baker,  C.  L 

Mercer,  R.  6... 

15 

Baker,  Jay  D 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

8 

l 

Barnes,  E~.  G 

do '. 

17 

Barron,  J.  R 

Grove  City,  R.  13 

7 

5 

Birchard,  S.  C 

Birchardville,  R.  1.  . . 

33 

Black,  A.  S 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

16 

Campbell,  W.  A 

Jackson  Center 

6 

3 

Carter,  Luke  B 

Titusville,  Oakwood  Farm. 

25 

2 

Church,  G.  W 

Townville,  Fairmead  Farm . 

13 

2 

Chase,  L.  W 

Centerville 

6 

10 

Cooper,  F.  J 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  2 

5 

g 

Cooper,  Thomas 

Euclid.  R.  2.  Sycamore  Crest  Farm 

17 

8 

Cummings,  R.  K 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

11 

Davidson,  C.  M 

Jackson  Center,  R.  R.,  Hill  View  Farm. 

6 

7 

Davis,  W.  H 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  2 

36 

Foster,  Manville,  & Son 

Volant,  R.  1 

4 

18 

Fullerton,  A.  H 

Edinburg.  R.  2.  Fruitlands  Farm 

28 

Gallatin,  Quinn 

Enon  Valley,  R.  2 

6 

13 

Gerlach  Bros 

Slippery  Rock 

12 

28 

Giebner,  C.  E 

Jackson  Center,  R.  19 

5 

Gill,  Charles 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  5 

1 

11 

Gillam,  W.  D 

Mercer,  R.  6 

4 

11 

Gregg,  H.  H.,  & Ivan 

Grove  Citv,  R.  11 

10 

Haning,  W.  E 

Elk  Lick,  R.  1.  . 

16 

Helm,  Mrs.  P.  H 

Jackson  Center 

9 

3 

Hodgson,  Joseph 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

11 

Hoopes,  Price,  & Son 

Norristown.  R.  2.  Springdale  Farm 

13 

2 

Hummer,  Jos.  C 

Titusville,  R.  2,  Spring  Hill  Dairy  Farm. 

12 

9 

Humphrey,  J.  Roy 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  2 

9 

4 

Humphrey,  S.  C 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  2,  Pleasant  Hill  Farm 

11 

8 

Humphrey,  W.  H 

Grove  City,  R.  14 

10 

5 

Do 

Portersville,  R.2 

23 

Kerr,  Friend  E 

Titusville.  R.  2.  Valiev  Ridge  Farm 

7 

8 

Long,  W.  H 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

10 

1 

Luce,  R.  W.,  & L.  L 

Guvs  Mills.  Grand  Spring  Farm 

2 

10 

MeCleary,  F.  J 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  3 

2 

11 

McClellan,  E.  J 

Jackson  Center,  R.  18 

12 

McCommon,  II.  B 

Volant,  R.  2 

12 

McCracken,  Lee 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  3 

6 

7 

McGurley,  H.  L 

Enon  Valley,  R.  2 

17 

1 

McGurlev,  W.  B 

New  Middletown,  Ohio 

5 

14 

McDougall,  T.  J.,&  Son 

Grove  City,  R.  14,  Lone  Ash  Farm. 

6 

12 

McDowell,  J.  G 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

4 

12 

McEwen,  W.  B.,  & John 

Mercer,  R.2 

7 

13 

Martin,  J.  W.,  & Sons 

Edinburg,  Alberta  Stock  Farm 

35 

1 . . .. 

Menhorn,  Elmer  G 

Elk  Lick,  R.  1 

10 

Miller,  J.  F 

Edinburg,  R.2 

3 

14 

Miller,  W.  C 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

1 

14 

Minner,  Frank  L 

Pulaski,  R.  62 

5 

5 

Pennsylvania  State  College. . 

State  College 

11 

Perrine,  Roy  E 

Jackson  Center,  R.  18 

1 

18 

Perschke,  E.  F.,  Son  . . . 

New  Castle,  R.  6,  Chestnut  Ridge  Jersey 

18 

Farm. 

Reed,  H.  R 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  5 

13 

Rouse,  Thomas,  & Son 

Mercer,  R 6 

5 

5 

Seth,  G.  II i 

Grove  City,  it.  13 

7, 

11 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3, 


37 


JERSEY— Continued . 


Name. 


Shriver,  R.  H 

Stephens,  W.  J 

Studebaker,  J.  W 

Tait,  F.  B 

Tait,  J.  W 

Todd,  A.  J 

Uber,  J.  N 

Wallace,  J.  Clifford 

Weinel,  J.  H.,  & Sons 

Williamson  Free  Trade  School. 

Wimer,  F.  W 

Yoder,  Menno  J 

Zillifro,  A.  W 


Van  Bueren,  M.  M. 


Agnew,  S.  W 

Allison,  F.  L j 

Bowden,  J.  H . . . ” 

Crum,  Mrs.  Nora 

Gray,  D.  P 

Harris,  B ' . * 

Hertz,  J.  A 

Leitner,  F.  W 

Mary  Mede  Dairy  Farm 

Morrah,  S.  P 

Myers,  J.  B 

Rodgers,  L.  M 

Shanklin,  J.  A 

Smith,  J.  L 

State  Hospital  for  Insane,  State  Park 


Appleby,  S.  C 

Bolton,  D.  F.,  & Sons 

Camp,  H.  N 

Brown,  Percy 

Campbell,  L.  R 

Campbell,  Geo 

Callahan,  Geo.  W 

Cooper,  J.  L ' 

English,  H.  K 

Fort,  Dr.  R.  E " " ; | ‘ ‘ 

Gettys,  Mrs.  W 

Griffin,  Dr.  R.  W 

Griswold,  W.  A 

Haynes,  C.  N 

Johnson,  A.  C 

Johnson,  J.  O 

Kingswood  Farm ” ” ” ” 

Middle  Tennessee  State  Normal  . 

Overton,  J.  M 

Patterson,  R.  W 

Polk,  H.  M 

Sanders,  R.  J.,  & Son 

State  Training  and  Agricultural  School ! ' 

Stoner,  M.  C 

U niversity  of  Tennessee 

Woods,  w.  h 


Boulton,  Alfred 

Caine,  John  T 

Cleverly,  Fred 

DeMott,  Bergon 

Hillam,  L.  W 

Mount  Ogden  Stock  Farm.  

Nuttall,  Wm.  A 

Price,  Wm.  V 

Rich,  Otto 

Rouse,  Frank  Y 

Smoot,  O.  A ' ” 

Utah  Agricultural  College .....’* 

Utah  State  School  for  Deaf  and  Blind. 

Utah  State  Industrial  School 

Utah  State  Mental  Hospital 

Winder,  W.  C 


Address. 


Diamond 

Titusville 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  2. 

Mercer,  R.  6 

Mercer,  R.  5 

Grove  City,  R.  16. . . 

Mercer,  R.  6 

Edinburg,  R.  2 

Mercer,  R.  5. . 

Williamson  School . . 

Portersville,  R.  2 

Meyersdale,  R.  2 

Portersville,  R.  2 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


Aquidneck. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


Callison 

Beaufort 

Sandy  Springs. . . 

Denmark 

Williamston 

Pendleton 

Charleston 

Columbia 

Summerville 

Willington,  R.  R 

Summerville 

Ridgeville 

Camden 

Spartanburg 

Columbia 


TENNESSEE. 


Pulaski 

Limestone 

Knoxville 

Spring  Hill 

Nashville 

Spring  Hill 

Knoxville 

Nashville 

Pulaski 

Nashville 

Athens 

Tipton  ville 

Nashville 

Murfreesboro. . 

do 

Brownsville. . . 
Murfreesboro. . 

do 

Nashville 

Canev  Springs. 

Spring  Hill 

Pulaski 

Nashville 

Jefferson  City. 

Knoxville 

Murfreesboro. . 


Woods  Cross. .. 

Richmond 

Woods  Cross . . . 

Kaysville 

Salt  Lake  City. 

Ogden 

Provo 

do 

Salt  Lake  City . 

Springville 

Provo 

Logan 

Ogden 

do 

Provo 

Salt  Lake  City 


Purebred 

cattle. 


84 

16 

42 

20 

10 

46 

72 

31 
6 

52 

32 
7 

53 
27 
19 
27 

101 


Grade 

cattle. 


19 

30 

23 

87 

37 

5 

44 

23 

10 

43 

14 

35 

14 

33 

25 

138 

21 

16 

27 


60 

, 4 

5 

22 

15 

98 

5 

9 

44 

17 

35 

5 

5 

12 

56 

18 

15 

4 

5 

42 

1 

13 

6 

54 

40 

8 

45 

4 

16 

13 

2 

49 

90 

31 

43  | 

38 


Department  Cir.  Ik2,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture, 


JERSEY— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Utah — continued. 

Wasatch  Farms  Co.  (formerly  Smith 

Murray 

75 

Bros.). 

White,  Rov 

12 

3 

VERMONT. 

Adams,  W.  E 

Hartland 

8 

BicknelljE.  0 

Tunbridge 

10 

4 

Courtemanche,  W.  H 

White  River  Junction 

10 

16 

Cox,  Elmer  F.'. 

East  Thetford 

17 

Daniels,  Bert.  W 

* 28 

Darling^  George  W 

12 

12 

Dinsmore,  A . 

St.  Johnsbury 

2 

2 

French,  P.  S 

21 

2 

Gale,  E.  B.,  & Son 

Stowe 

38 

4 

Goss,  F.  A.  . 

West  Danville 

50 

Graham,  Miss  Isabel  S 

Craftsbury 

20 

1 

Graves,  W.  J 

Waitsfield 

6 

32 

Green /j.  C 

East  Bethel 

32 

Harvey,  G.  W 

Taftsville 

15 

Hatch,  Frank 

Craftsbury 

14 

Holmes,  H.  R 

25 

2 

Hopkins,  R.  E 

Cabot 

57 

Houston,  Ernest  M 

Stowe 

39 

Jones,  E.  H 

Waitsfield 

18 

44 

Kimball,  Mrs.  E.  M 

Enosburg  Falls 

26 

16 

32 

2 

27 

Nichols,  G.  L 

Enosburg  Falls 

77 

Perley,  Theo.  W 

.do...~ 

51 

* 4 

Richards,  C.  M 

Kirby 

16 

2 

22 

21 

Smith,  D.  M . . . ' 

10 

8 

State  School  of  Agriculture 

Randolph  Center 

22 

8 

Tiffany  & Royce 

East  Berkshire 

117 

2 

Vondle,  P.  C 

Stowe 

13 

16 

Wilcox,  Clyde 

Cambridge 

4 

9 

VIRGINIA. 

Andes,  W.  J 

Bealeton 

21 

Andrews,  J.  S 

Orange 

37 

2 

Atkinson,  Thos 

Gordonsville 

5 

36 

Baldwin,  F C 

Fredericksburg 

49 

Ballou,  F.  N 

Herndon 

11 

Barksdale,  A S , & Son 

Randolph 

1 

23 

Barksdale,  Flourney 

do 

28 

Barringer,  P.  B 

Charlottesville 

22 

Bass,  C.  M 

Rice 

18 

Bat,  term  an,  August 

Chatham 

16 

Beachy,  N.  C 

Norfolk,  R.  5 

12 

Berry,  A M 

Mitchells 

3 

14 

Blanton,  J R 

McDuff 

5 

17 

Boleck,  H.  A 

Charlottesville 

16 

Bradbury,  W.  L 

Orange 

14 

Brown,  W.  C 

Lincoln 

1 

15 

Bruce,  J T 

Rice 

30 

Brumback,  H.  W 

McLean 

4 

12 

Calhoun,  S.  A 

Ivy ' 

30 

Cawley,  J J . . 

South  Richmond,  R.  8 

14 

Clark,  C F 

Waynesboro 

20 

Curl.  Mrs  Virginia 

Lincoln 

10 

Damewood,  J.  W . 

Catawba 

7 

6 

Darlington,  J J 

Herndon 

12 

12 

DePauw,  Mrs.  N.  T 

Haymarket 

5 

83 

Gates,  W.  B . 

Rice 

42 

Glover,  Jas  D 

Staunton 

1 

27 

Gray,  Eggleston.. 

Calverton 

23 

Groom,  H.  C. . . 

Warrenton 

13 

Hahn,  E.  D 

Denbigh 

13 

Haight,  H.  C 

Fairfax 

21 

Hall,  Wm.  T 

Round  Hill 

21 

12 

Hibbert,  R B 

( harlottesville 

18 

Hill  Crest  Farm 

Falls  Church 

11 

1 

Hook,  A.  L .. 

Staunton 

52 

Houston,  W.  G 

Fairfield 

14 

19 

Hurst,  J.  T..  . 

Vienna 

14 

Hvde,  II  W 

( learbrook 

20 

Johns,  A.  A 

Farmville,  R.  4 

21 

Johns,  Monroe 

Farmville 

33 

Johnson,  J.  B 

Manassas 

24 

12 

Jones,  C.  A . 

Fredericksburg 

22 

Lee,  R.  H 

Hampton 

4 

1 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 


39 


JERSEY  —Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Virginia— continued. 

McGhee  & Vance 

22 

McGrady,  Ennis 

Hollins 

10 

McLeareri,  A.  0 

Catlett . 

11 

Mann,  E.  E 

2 

11 

Morrisetti,  J.  T.,  & Son 

1 

14 

Newman, 'Mrs.  Rosa 

20 

Orrock,  E.  M 

2 

13 

Payne,  S.  B 

17 

Peterson,  J.  N 

Norfolk,  R.  2. 

16 

Redd,  S.  R 

11 

28 

Rhodes,  R.  L 

11 

Robinson,  Samuel 

11 

Roller,  I).  F 

21 

2 

Roller,  J.  S 

16 

1 

Rowe,  M.  B 

55 

8 

St.  Albans  Sanatorium 

Radford.. 

7 

8 

St.  Paul  Normal  and  Industrial  School . . . 

Lawrenceville 

10 

Shuler,  Mrs.  Alice 

15 

1 

Smith,  G.  W 

5 

26 

Southall,  E.  V 

35 

Southall,  J.  W 

2 

Swartzentruber,  C.  J 

Norfolk,  R.  2 

5 

Thomas,  W.  W 

22 

1 

Vance,  R.  C 

54 

Vaughn,  J.  B 

5 

99 

Vaughn,  W.  L.,  & Son 

23 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute 

29 

White,  C.  D 

25 

White,  S.  G.,  & Bro 

32 

Winston,  H.  C 

4 

21 

Woodriff,  J.  J 

22 

21 

Woodruff,  T.  N 

Fairfax 

27 

Yoder,  N.  E 

Norfolk . . 

13 

Yoder,  W.  S 

Lynnhaven. . . 

13 

WASHINGTON. 

Carlyon,  E.  G 

Bellingham 

13 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Alderson,  R.  D 

F ort  Springs ...  . 

7 

17 

Conklyn,  E.  D 

Charles  Town,  R.  R. 

7 

16 

Garrison,  A.  B 

West  Alexander,  Pa  R R 

1 

28 

Garison,  H.  C 

do 

10 

8 

Klug,  Louis 

Triadelphia 

1 

11 

McDonald  Bros 

Charles  Town 

2 

42 

Moss  Bros 

Elm  Grove 

1 

11 

Nickison,  W.  H. . . 

Wheeling,  R.  R. 

18 

Schmidt,  Woodward 

Wheeling,  R.  2 . 

12 

Supler,  John  M 

Triadeplhia . . . 

11 

Swisher,  G.  W 

Lost  Creek . . . 

4 

4 

WISCONSIN. 

Ash,  F.  D 

Roberts . 

6 

16 

Ausman,  Geo 

Elk  Mound. . 

13 

20 

Ausman,  S.  A.  B 

10 

17 

Bedell,  E.  S 

Manitowoc 

15 

Brigham,  C.  I 

Blue  Mounds 

5 

25 

Chelmo,  L.  S 

Webster 

15 

Dodson,  John  S 

Siren 

9 

Dufty,  A.  J 

Webster 

15 

1 

Emerson,  M.,  & Son 

Wheeler..  . 

29 

Emery,  J.  Q.,  & Son 

Edgerton 

52 

Engebretson,  Ed.  C 

Webster 

15 

Ihrig,  J.  J 

Oshkosh 

14 

Jscobs,  E.  C 

Elk  Mound 

43 

20 

Knight,  W.  M 

Eagle 

37 

Lawson,  Victor 

Green  Lake,  Loan  Tree  Farm 

35 

McGilvra,  Ed.  A 

Baraboo 

27 

Peterson,  Aug 

Orange. 

8 

6 

Peterson , Chas  W 

Darlington 

26 

4 

Peterson,  J.  E 

Webster 

16 

17 

Remington,  Carl  C 

Mauston 

13 

2 

Ross,  Geo 

Oshkosh 

14 

4 

Scribner,  Roy 

Rosendale 

14 

Tunks,  E.  A 

W eyauwega 

11 

Underwood,  F.  D 

Wauwatosa 

61 

Vandervort,  Rollie 

Tonah 

20 

Wells,  H.  H 

Mauston .... 

3 

30 

Total  (Jersey,  United  States) 

10,954 

8,768 

40 


Department  Ctr.  U2 , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

RED  POLLED. 


Name. 


Kestel,  Joseph 

Liehten waiter,  O.  L 
Miller,  Fred.  H 


Manhattan 

do 

Maxwell . . . 


Address. 


Purebred 

Grade 

cattle. 

cattle. 

ILLINOIS. 


16  

16  

16  ! 1 


INDIANA. 


Cook,  C.  A 

Decatur 

Mann,  H.  W 

do 

Danforth,  W.  B 

IOWA. 

Little  Cedar 

Tracy  & Warye 

Nashua 

Ault  father,  J.  H 

MINNESOTA. 

Austin 

Foot,  F.  W 

Red  Wing 

Hansen,  George 

Arco 

Johansen,  John 

Tyler 

Jost,  F.  V" 

Emmons 

Ivierk,  Jens 

Thief  River  Falls  . 

Metcalf,  J.  L 

little  Falls 

Neuman,  O.  C 

Wheaton 

Sprandell  Bros 

Little  Falls 

Stearns,  I.  E.,  & Son 

Detroit 

Thormodson,  Theo 

Hanska 

Vasa  Orphans  Home 

Vasa 

Gould,  L.  H 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Crawford 

Schwab,  W.  F 

MISSOURI. 
Fulton 

Decker,  Fred.  R 

MONTANA. 

Dooley 

Dady,  P.  M 

NEBRASKA. 

Mason  City 

Graff,  Charles  & Chester 

Bancroft 

Haussler,  Geo.,  & Son 

Holbrook 

Mitchell,  F.  A 

Hooper.... ' 

Pilgrim,  R.  D 

Bancroft 

Sehneller,  D.  R 

Verona 

Thornburg,  J.  D.,  & Sons 

Beatrice 

Thornburg,  F.  V 

Wiles,  Luke  L 

Plattsmouth 

Faust,  I.  H 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Ramseur 

Arduser,  John  C 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Marion 

Broske,  H.  J 

Pekin 

Danforth,  Harry  G . 

Reeder 

Geir,  Chris 

Edinburg 

Hollekin,  L.  E 

Palermo 

Olafson,  J.  K 

Gardar 

Olafson,  O.  K 

Edinburg 

Tangen,  A.  P 

Pekin 

Wood,  L.  A 

Lu  verne 

Nelson,  Frank 

Price,  Homer,  C 

Stump,  F.  P 

Porter,  Frank 

OHIO. 

London 

Newark | 

Convoy 

OREGON. 

Halsey. 

Craddock,  E.  B 


VIRGINIA. 

Cluster  Springs 


6 

15 


16 

34 


32 
36 

14 

33 
30 

1 

13 

17 

11 

15 
26 

4 


34 


31 


20 

47 

38 

22 

13 

15 

11 

11 

62 


10 


44 

8 

8 

13 

15 

3 

11 

13 

87 


58 

25 

27 


34 


64 


Ahlers,  J.  B.,  & Son. 

McClary,  Will 

Martin,  J.  W.,  & Son 

Underwood,  L.  C 

Wall,  F.  A 


WISCONSIN. 

West  Bend 

Muscoda 

Gotham 

Avoca : 

Weyauwega 


28 

22 

18 

31 

8 


1.189 


7 

5 


3 


3 


14 


18 


2 


1 


11 


4 


4 

7 

12 


8 

19 

4 


9 


20 

2 

155 


Total  (Red  Polled,  United  States) 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  S, 


41 


SHORTHORN. 


McClure,  Geo 

Morrow,  W.  C 

Ogle,  Wm 

y Bros 

Quinton,  John 

Shoemaker,  Arthur. 

Slater.  G.  a 

Wernicke,  Henry  L. 
White,  Frank. ..... 


Heyworth. 

Knoxville. 

Paris 

Heyworth. 

— do 

Dakota 

Polo 

Lena 

Eedmon . . . 


Bertrand,  Benoit 

Boy  11,  Posey 

Brown,  Robert 

Dellinger,  Sam 

Eikenberry,  J.  W 

Ewing.  Win.  L 

Hickman.  Bert 

Jones,  J.  Clement 

Jones  & Fryback 

Kearns,  W.  B 

Kerlin  «fc  Snoeberger. . . 

Lane.  B.  W 

McCabe,  John,  &.  Sons. 

McCall,  J.  Austin. 

Malsbury,  S.  C 

Martin  Bros 

Martindale  <k  Young. . 

Newell,  Ernest 

Paulus,  Henry 


Oxford 

Terre  Haute. 

Talbot 

Vincennes. . 
Bringhurst  . 
Vincennes. . 
La  Fayette. . 
Pine  Village. 

Warren 

Flora . . 

Rockfield 

Delphi 

Rockville 

Plain  ville 

Romney 

Delphi 

Wilkinson. . . 

Delphi 

Rensselaer. . . 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

ALABAMA. 

Ellsburv,  W.  E 

Montgomery,  R.  4 

4 

26 

Mastin,  Dr.  T.  L 

Huntsville." 

30  ! 

ARKANSAS. 

Ferguson,  D.  W 

Fa  vette  ville 

3 

Putnam  & Son,  J.  M 

Pea  Ridge 

9 

Roberts,  L.  E 

Fayetteville 

10 

2 

GEOBGIA. 

Roddenberry,  W.  B 

Cairo 

16 

12 

ILLINOIS. 

Brown,  C.C.,  & Son 

Hevworth 

g , 

2 

Fisher,  R.  U 

Dakota 

27 

Goble,  P.  W 

Kansas 

31 

4 

Hinaha-s^  D.  C 

Ridge  Farm 

9 

2 

Lamm,  Robt.  W 

\fr<  A Home 

Freeport 

27 

Porter,  James 

New  Ross 

0 

1 

4 
19 

9 

5 

Ruble,  John  C 

Ruble  & Son,  W.  E 

Vincennes 

13 

28 

11 

15 

§ 

Ryan,  Michael  A 

Seiber,  Charles  V 

Shoff,  J.  Frank 

Montgomery 

Delphi 

! Flora 

1 

6 

*; 

Shoff,  Ross  E 

5 

12 

14 
35 

15 
34 

Stembel,  Walter 

Thompson. N.  O 

i Oxford. 

; Flora 

u 

1 

Thompson,  James 

1 

Walters.  S.  E 

Sullivan 

1 

Wood,  W.  C 

Pendleton 

IOWA. 

Clampitt,  F.  T 

i New  Providence. . . 

42 
13 
33  | 

Engel.  A.  C 

Harris,  I.  J 

Rockwell  City 

Kirkman. . 

3 

Hovey,  Peter 

Cresoo 

1 

14 

Huesselman . W.  G 

Johnson,  Carl  0 

Orchard 

10 
15  : 
18 
34  1 
53 
31 
12 

McElrov  Edward  C 

Newton 

Reece,  J.  L 

Rastad,  Oscar  R 

Scholes,  R.  E.,  & Son 

Witt,  Albert 

New  Providence 

North  wood 

Newton 

Reinbeck. 

..... 

A 

Babbitt,  C.  A 

KANSAS. 

Willis 

23 

Dolan,  T.  F 

Salina,  R.  3 

15  1 
22 
15 
31 
23  : 

Louthian  Bros 

Huron 

16 

5 

Miller,  John  Q.  A , 

Overfield,  Bovd 

Museotah 

Hiawatha 

Poland,  Milton 

Sabetha 

10 

42 


Department  Cir.  ik2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Kansas— continued. 

Price,  D.  N 

Baileyville,  R.  3. . . 

20 

2 

Regier,  John 

Whitewater 

23 

2 

Sands,  T.  J 

46 

3 

Scholz  Bros 

35 

4 

Taylor,  E.  E 

Hiawatha 

25 

2 

Wempe,  C.  H 

26 

14 

KENTUCKY. 

Ammerman,  A 

Cynthiana 

28 

Booker,  Owen 

23 

4 

Burnett,  C.  N 

Fulton 

9 

3 

Collins,  .fas.  B 

Keene 

14 

7 

Jackson,  Pete 

Fulton 

9 

11 

Johnson,  0.  M 

11 

3 

Kendall  Mrs.  M.  F 

Bard  well 

7 

6 

Marshall,  Mrs.  E.  D 

20 

10 

Redmond  J.  P 

22 

3 

Richardson,  Kirby 

Kenton 

9 

5 

Whartom  Geo. . 

30 

1 

Woodruff,  Geo 

Louisville 

16 

2 

LOUISIANA. 

Hicks,  S.  B 

17 

2 

MAINE. 

Faught,  F.  W 

Augusta 

9 

4 

Lynnburner,  Eugene  B 

North  Brooksville. 

17 

Millett  Bros !..... 

Norway 

5 

11 

MARYLAND. 

Beachy,  E.  J 

Grantsville 

4 

17 

Beachy^  J.  A 

do 

4 

15 

Crain, Robert 

131 

7 

Frere^  Wm.  J 

Tompkinsville 

9 

7 

Gordon,  Mrs.  A 

South  River 

15 

Kuykendall,  D.  F 

Grantsville 

14 

2 

Yoder,  Ezra  M 

Grantsville;  post  office,  Elk  Lick,  Pa. . . 

17 

Yost,  Peter  H 

Grantsville 

10 

3 

MICHIGAN. 

Anderson,  Floyd  J 

St.  Johns 

15 

3 

De  Garmo,  A.  D 

Highland 

15 

Martin,  Jno.  

Corunna 

6 

14 

Schmidt,  Jno 

Reed  City 

36 

Tuttle  & Annis 

Leslie 

25 

MINNESOTA. 

Anderson,  A.  J 

Villard 

29 

6 

Anderson,  Alex  P 

Red  Wing 

18 

16 

Baker,  Geo.  J 

Farmington  . 

37 

Baker,  R.  E 

Detroit 

15 

3 

Bandas,  Edw 

Biscay 

22 

Bauer,  Herman 

Faribault 

9 

5 

Beadell,  A.  E 

Lansing 

17 

2 

Beebe,  N.  E 

St.  Hilaire 

1 

29 

Bice  Bros 

Faribault 

1 

15 

Blaska,  Henry 

St.  Hilaire. . . 

10 

Bonniwell,  H.  H 

Hutchinson 

21 

Brinkman,  Ferdinand 

Glencoe 

11 

Broderick,  M.  J 

Garvin 

5 

22 

Bundy,  0.  S 

Winona  

30 

Byhoffer,  Harry 

Buffalo  Lake 

10 

5 

Byhoffer,  Roy 

do 

15 

Byhoffer,  Theo 

do 

6 

12 

Carnel,  F.,  & Sons 

Cannon  Falls . . 

17 

Chadwick  & Lawson 

Racine 

5 

8 

Chamberlain,  Geo.  H 

Mora 

43 

Christopherson  & Harley 

Clarks  Grove 

2 

17 

Clarke,  Josh.  B 

Mora 

41 

1 

Cooper,  N.  W. . . . 

Spring  Valley 

19 

8 

Coyle,  Albert 

Thief  River  Falls 

14 

Crandall  & Danforth 

Northfield 

48 

4 

Crowley,  J.  F 

Chatfield 

36 

2 

Crowley,  Nick 

do 

29 

4 

Dady,  J.  J 

Kellogg 

48 

5 

Denhart,  J.  W .. 

Hazel 

16 

Deters,  W.  F. 

Caledonia 

41 

Devaney,  T 

Waverly 

11 

22 

Dock,  William. 

Stanton 

18 

2 

Drews,  J.  E 

Maple  ton 

40 

Ehlers.  Herman 

Winona 

11 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 


43 


SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Minnesota— continued . 


Engle,  Carl 

Fjelstra,  Theodore 

Fodstad,  Halvor 

Freese,  N W 

Geske,  Albert 

Glotfelter,  C.  H 

Gorman,  T.  F 

Gove,  E.  J 

Gray,  G.  A.,  & Son 

Greenwold,  L.  J 

Grundhous,  Ed 

Hage,  John  J 

Hagestande,  Emil  I 

Hannah,  J.  A 

Hanson,  G.  H 

Hazel,  C.  H.  G 

Holt  Bros 

Holte,  P.  O 

Houlton,  S.  R 

Jenson,  Carl,  & Son 

Jensen,  Tinus 

Johnson,  E.  W 

Johnson,  Hon.  James 

Kearny,  James  E 

Kellogg,  A.  C 

Knauss,  C.  W 

Knutson,  A.  A 

Knutson,  C.  M 

Koerschen,  Dietrich 

Landon,  F.  C 

Larson,  C.  A 

Lee,  C.  R 

Lee,  George  F 

Letnes,  Jens 

Lindquist,  Fred 

McCabe,  John  J.,  & Sons 

McCahill,  Mrs.  J 

McKercher,  R.  J 

McMartin,  Donald 

McMartin,  F.,  & Sons. . . 

McMartin,  John 

McMartin,  Roy 

Manahan,  Martin 

March  Bros 

March,  C.  T 

Martz,  J.  A 

Meyer,  Wm 

Michael,  Fred 

Norwood,  F.  F 

O’Connell,  John  D 

Olson  Bros 

Olson,  Carl 

Olson,  Ole  M 

Olson,  Paul 

Peterson,  Anton 

Peterson,  Elias 

Peterson,  Martin 

Potter,  John  F 

Putzier,  C 

Ranzau,  Otto 

Reibe,  Henry 

Reimstad,  C.  J 

Reps,  Paul 

Rickert,  Herman 

Riordan,  Dennis 

Rose,  A.  J 

Rose,  Bert 

Rosendahl,  Ed 

Sanborn.  E.  D 

Sayers,  A.  L 

Schmidt,  G.  C 

Schneider,  G.  A 

Schwarble  & Dank 

Searles,  S.  L 

Sharkey,  W.  J 

Shell um,  A.  W 

Shorter  & Sons,  L.  E 

Solem,  Nels 

Stensland,  E.  G 

Sterns,  Geo.  L 

Stoner,  M.  E 


Winona 

Madelia 

Thief  River  Falls 

Marshall 

St.  Hilaire 

Waterville 

Blue  Earth 

Bingham  Lake. . . 

Claremont 

Anoka 

Thief  River  Falls. 

Hanska 

Madelia,  R.  3 

Fisher 

St.  Hilaire 

Mapleton 

Rochester,  R.  6. . 

Shelly 

Elk  River 

Winona 

Manchester 

Tyler 

Bertah 

Currie 

Wykoff 

Waseca 

Adams,  R.  2 

do 

Hamburg 

Rushford 

Austin 

Villard 

Hanska 

Thief  River  Falls . 

Olivia 

Cleveland,  R.  1... 

Lake  City 

St.  Hilaire 

Claremont 

do 

Winona 

do 

Chatfield 

Litchfield 

Redwood  Falls . . . 

St.  Hilaire 

Glencoe 

Winona 

Balaton 

Lesueur  Center  . . . 

Glenville 

Wahkon 

Manchester 

St.  Hilaire 

Hazel 

do 

do 

Springfield 

Litchfield 

Glencoe 

Winona 

Marshall 

Minnesota  City . . . 

Luverne 

Lamberton 

Wykoff 

Rochester 

Warren 

Racine 

Lakeville* 

Emmons,  R.  1 

Blue  Earth 

Eagle  Lake 

Dalton 

Belleplaine 

Hanska 

Dodge  Center 

Forest  Lake 

Mabel 

Thief  River  Falls. 
Albert  Lea 


17 

26 

. 13 

4 

12 

40 

3 

11 

47 

1 

4 

32 

31 

13 

12 

7 

66 

18 

17 

29 

1 

9 

15 

32 

3 

34 

23 

9 

47 

8 

16 

26 

3 

13 

10 

31 

28 

36 

5 

10 

» 9 

24 

4 

14 

6 

9 

1 

25 

63 

1 

11 

30 

1 

35 

1 

8 

4 

2 

20 

39 

7 

47 

13 

6 

11 

15 

12 

44 

23 

2 

42 

23 

3 

80 

5 

16 

6 

10 

1 

39 

21 

28 

10 

35 

1 

15 

23 

13 

12 

17 

12 

12 

23 

3 

25 

26 

13 

19 

6 

17 

26 

26 

6 

40 

2 

6 

6 

18 

13 

21 

2 

21 

oc 

2 

40  1 

19 

’’"24 

54 

2 

21 

31 

29 

8 

20 

7 

24 

34 

41 

10 

50 

44 


Department  Cir.  ik2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Minnesota— continued. 

Streich,  Art 

10 

Svenson,  A 

St.  Hilaire 

12 

Thorson,  L.  S 

Dawson 

18 

21 

Tuftie,  I'ver 

Hayward 

1 

29 

Wadsworth,  F.  W 

Glenville 

34 

Walpole,  E.'E 

Hancock 

22 

Wedge,  Percy 

Albert  Lea,  R.  1 . . 

3 

21 

Wellcome,  Bert 

28 

5 

Wendland,  E.  W 

5 

0 

West  Central  Station  School 1 

Morris 

19 

Do 

do 

19 

Wirth  Bros 

Do  dire  Center . . 

24 

17 

Wogensen,  N.  N 

Tyler 

51 

8 

Wolf  & Son,  It.  A 

Morristown 

23 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Turner,  J.  G 

Dixon 

4 

1 

MONTANA. 

Allsop,  Ezra 

40 

Anceny  & Child 

do 

76 

8 

Atkins,  J.  C 

22 

11 

Bohart,  W.  0 

5 

Griffin,  P.  H 

Lo  Lo 

42 

17 

Horsley,  A.  G 

20 

1 

Huffine,'  J.  C 

30 

18 

Kemmis,  W alter  D 

Sidney 

20 

16 

Lowe  & towers 

Culbertson 

63 

Maryott,  J.  L.,  & Son 

Roberts 

41 

1 

Metzger,  F.  C.. 

Rothiemay 

22 

24 

Montana  State  College 

Bozeman.. 

16 

Niebel,  Matt T 

do 

46 

Rhodes,  Wm.  M 

Sheridan 

72 

22 

Stuckey,  J.  J 

Bozeman 

27 

35 

Wheeler,  W.  W.  & B.  W 

Valier 

19 

4 

Wright,  James 

Crane 

3 

13 

NEBRASKA. 

Hansen,  James 

Harvard 

10 

Lamp,  A.  L 

Inland 

35 

Radford,  0.  A . 

Ulysses 

7 

5 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Akesson,  J.  B 

Grandin 

4 

22 

Armstrong,  John  B 

Hannaford 

32 

3 

Arven,  Wm 

Ban  try 

2 

16 

Bahr,  Chris 

Almont 

14 

1 

Barsten,  A.  H 

Fullerton 

7 

9 

Beiseker,  T.  L 

Fessenden 

18 

3 

Berg,  Lewis 

Cooperstown 

29 

1 

Black,  Dave 

Grandin 

35 

11 

Black,  R.  W 

Ambrose 

22- 

1 

Bliss,  J.  W 

Pekin 

8 

28 

Brown,  H.  M 

Russell 

11 

3 

Bur  hedge,  R.  H 

Park  River 

4 

7 

Byington,  J.  S 

Sutton 

7 

6 

Clark,  D.  A 

Bran  din 

29 

Cool,  Ray 

Newburg . „ 

5 

7 

Currie,  Alex 

Cando 

32 

17 

Dahl,  C.  P 

Crary 

2 

8 

Dahl,  Peter  P 

do 

4 

7 

Donally,  John,  & Son 

Grafton 

31 

12 

Dudley,  Matthew 

Esmond 

36 

Erickson,  Ed 

Devils  Lake  . 

14 

4 

Ertresvaag,  Adolph 

Bottineau 

18 

14 

Finke,  H.  1 

Berthold 

42 

Fitzsimonds,  Robert  C 

Walhalla 

8 

i 

Ford,  David 

Park  River 

5 

6 

Gaarder,  C.  G 

do 

24 

10 

Gibbon,  H.  C 

Forest  River 

15 

5 

Goodman,  Grimsie 

Milton 

26 

7 

Grenier,  Simeon 

Thorne 

5 

17 

Ilanchett,  George  E 

Anamoose 

12 

25 

Harris,  Frank 

Park  River 

5 

3 

Harris,  John  A 

do 

16 

1 

Hefty,  T.  N 

Walcott 

10 

Heine,  E.  II 

Ellendale 

24 

27 

Heron,  J.C 

Sykeston 

17 

He  tier.  W.  P.,  & Sons 

Esmond 

9 

2 

Hill,  Fred 

Hesper 

1 

15 

Hobbs,  John 

Park  River 

15 

5 

Hobbs,  J.  N 

4 

6 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3, 


45 


SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

north  Dakota— continued. 

Homes,  Pete 

Park  River 

9 

2 

Homuth,  Martin 

Kensal 

15 

40 

Hudson,  E.  W 

21 

9 

Johnson,  Agnes 

Grafton 

3 

Johnson^  C.  S 

Hazen 

9 

Johnson^  Ernest  N 

Binford 

16 

6 

8 

8 

Mapes 

4 

6 

Kabile,  fienry 

McClusky 

11 

Kerr  Bros 

Milton . 

10 

13 

Kirk,  J.  S 

Devils  Lake 

94 

3 

Fullerton 

20 

3 

10 

Lee^  (5le  0 

Williston 

3 

9 

Lundell,  Nels 

do 

13 

4 

McAllister,  D 

Devils  Lake 

15 

5 

McDonald,  A.  W 

Ellendale 

16 

McKee,  E.  D 

19 

McLaughlin,  1).  F 

Cando " 

31 

McLeod,  1).  C 

11 

McNary  & Farr /. 

Pingree 

23 

Magill, "Roland 

Verona.. 

42 

7 

Marr,  R 

Souris  

13 

10 

Martin,  S.J 

Westhope 

6 

Melby,  Geo 

5 

20 

Myrvik,  Ole  A 

Milton 

1 

24 

Nelson,  John  G 

Fullerton 

38 

6 

Novak,  Ch as.  J 

Lankin 

5 

7 

Osborne,  B.  A 

Devils  Lake 

1 

11 

Pazandak,  Jos 

Fullerton 

24 

2 

Pepoon,  A . M 

Bartlett  ...  . 

5 

7 

Peterson,  Mads 

Ellendale 

18 

Pierce,  C.  E 

do  

8 

10 

Pieper,  Barney 

12 

4 

Reid,  James 

Courtenay 

16 

3 

Ripley,  Jos 

Eldridge 

31 

Roll,  H.  G 

Brinsmade 

7 

10 

Rorvig,  Mathias 

Binford 

19 

25 

Russell , Henry 

Bottineau 

6 

Russell, J.  B.. 

16 

6 

Seaman,  Will  

Noonan 

32 

5 

Scott,  A.  D 

Fargo 

91 

2 

Scott,  J.  H 

Forest  River 

14 

Stanley  Bros 

Hazen 

28 

Stenehjein,  P.  A . 

Arnegard 

34 

Sy verson,  Ola 

Reynolds 

8 

13 

Taplin,  Harry 

Milton 

15 

9 

Toms,  J.  A 

Bottineau 

21 

4 

Trehus,  Theo.  M 

Arnegard 

10 

Uglum,  Jim 

Bowbells 

10 

Vie,  Ole  0 

Lisbon 

32 

Ward,  C.  A 

Hazleton 

24 

8 

Wheeler,  J.  M 

Marion 

27 

1 

Whitcomb,  F.  L 

Crary 

1 

10 

Whitteron,  Chas 

Bottineau 

12 

1 

Wild,  John..  .. 

Milton 

79 

6 

Winer,  Henry 

Cathay 

6 

10 

Wiper  & Green 

Sheldon 

16 

17 

Wold,  Anton 

Maddock  

10 

OHIO. 

Huprich,  C.  E 

North  Lawrence 

13 

McLain,  C.  B. 

Wauseon 

17 

Parser  L.  J 

Sandusky 

4 

6 

Ransom,  Ross  D.  L 

. . ...  .do 

11 

Smith,  W.  B 

Fremont 

12 

1 

Thomas,  Dr.  0 :i  . 

18 

1 

Williamson  ti.  D 

Xenia 

12 

3 

OKLAHOMA. 

Johnston,  G.  ‘ 1 

K'.’lare 

1 

13 

OREGON. 

Chalmers,  .hex V.  • 

^ w.u;y  : r ;y*Tf> 

64 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Altenburfe  L.  IV 

Townville 

15 

Mack,  C.  R„ 

Titusville,  star  route  . . 

20 

Mars,  E.  E 

Titusville,  Ii.  5 

13 

Peebles,  James,  <fc  Son 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  4 

7 

13 

Saul,  W.  H ... 

Greenville,  R.  49 

1 

18 

Warner,  Alex.  N 

Titusville,  Lancona  I arms 

48 

46 


Department  Cir.  ik2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Estabrook,  L.  A 

Cuthbert 

42 

2 

Mueller,  E. 

Scotland 

11 

9 

Schnuelle,  Simon 

do 

14 

19 

Treick,  J.  A 

Scotland 

7 

1 

TENNESSEE. 

Butler,  J.  0.,  & Son 

Humboldt 

20 

22 

Cowan  & Cowan  

Dickson 

39 

9 

Eleazer,  Geo  

do 

43 

1 

Foute,  t)r.  E.  J 

McGhee 

23 

10 

Hays,H.C  

Pulaski 

9 

1 

Hurt , Robert  A 

Jackson 

9 

1 

Jones,  W.  N.,  & Son 

Concord 

20 

1 

Nashville 

5 

Middle  Tennessee  Experiment  Station 

Columbia 

17 

2 

Officer,  J.  S 

Sparta 

5 

6 

Pettv,  J.  B . . 

Bon  Aqua 

8 

5 

Pikeville 

20 

Smith,  Chas.  M 

Rogersville 

14 

3 

Elkton 

23 

3 

University  of  Tennessee 

Knoxville 

12 

West  Tennessee  Experiment  Station.  . . . 

Jackson 

15 

Wills  Bros  

Mountain  City 

22 

3 

Wills,  J.  N 

do 

5 

Wills,  H.  T.  D 

50 

1 

UTAH. 

Barton,  A.  B . 

Kaysvilie 

20 

13 

Nebeker,  A.,  & Son 

Laketown 

162 

8 

VIRGINIA. 

Andrews,  H.  L 

Herndon 

11 

Bell  W.  L 

Round  Hill 

19 

Brown  J.Stanger.  . 

Rural  Retreat.  

7 

8 

Cassell,  S.  S 

do 

17 

Cole,  Fred  N 

Chilhowie 

6 

10 

Harrison,  A.  S.,  & Son  

Herndon 

11 

2 

Lawrson,  R.  M 

Burkes  Garden.  

44 

Michael,  D.  T....  * 

Charlottesville 

10 

Sender,  T.  C 

Linville  Depot 

19 

Smith,  W.  H..  

Charlottesville 

28 

Weeks,  J.  H 

.....do 

20 

WISCONSIN. 

Briskey  Chas.  E _ 

Hillsboro 

6 

24 

McPhetres,  Wm.  M 

Stillwater,  Mmn  

8 

11 

Nelson  T.  J 

SechlervilP 

26 

Notseter  John,  & Son. 

Deerfield,  Ellen  Grove  Stock  Farm 

20 

Rabe  Henry 

Hudson 

9 

Richards  R 

Hillsboro  

• 19 

Tavlnr  H R 

River  Fall 9 • 

35 

Total  (Shorthorn,  United  States) — 

7,568 

3, 135 

MILKING  SHORTHORN. 


Burroughs  H A _ , . 

VERMONT. 

Vergennes 

15 

M print  oh  eon  .T.  A 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Triadelphia 

11 
11  i 

Total  (Milking  Shorthorn,  United  S 

fates)  

15 

POLLED  SHORTHORN. 


6stf3<ll  Elmer 

MICHIGAN. 

Edwardsburg • *. 

43 

Fetchenlieir  XI 

MINNESOTA. 

Waldorf  

20 

TT  q ti  cad  M T-l 

Murdock  

34 

I,amberson  1^ 

Warren 

32 

6 

Murray  AVilliam  A Estate 

Wadena  

36 

Regnier  Brothers 

Cottonwood 

7 

3 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3 . 


47 


POLLED  SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

NEBRASKA. 

Kreuscher.  J.  R 

De  Witt.. 

24 

1 

Lohaus,  Bernard 

Humphrey  

40 

1 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Marsh,  Isaac 

Leal 

20 

2 

TENNESSEE. 

Clark.  J.  A 

Nashville 

20 

5 

Myers,  Newton,  C 

Greenville  

19 

15 

Zimmerman.  Fred 

Belvidere 

25 

24 

Total  (Polled  Shorthorn,  United  States) 

320 

65 

Total  (all  breeds,  United  States) 

48, 178 

32, 776 

2.  SUMMARY,  BY  STATES,  OF  ACCREDITED  AND  ONCE-TESTED  HERDS 
OF  LESS  THAN  5 PUREBRED  OR  10  GRADE  CATTLE. 

Herds  under  supervision  containing  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland. 

Massachusetts 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. . . . 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 


Once  tested  without  reactors. 

Accredited. 

Herds. 

Pure- 

bred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Herds. 

Pure- 

bred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

5 

7 

9 

1 

3 

6 

18 

28 

1 

4 



1 

2 

2 

11 

12 

41 

8 

7 

22 

28 

12 

169 

83 

104 

182 

274 

515 

7 

| 1,529 

1 

G 

69 

396 

213 

11 

1,391 

15 

4 

81 

108 

75 

549 

13 

28 

68 

89 

45 

382 

5 

9 

37 

3 

8 

3 

1 

8 

57 

84 

271 

2 

15 

2 

77 

54 

284 

2 

1 

11 

518 

166 

2,310 

34 

27 

197 

136 

66 

468 

12 

7 

7 

7 

18 

112 

142 

720 

23 

91 

89 

65 

156 

148 

168 

680 

15 

7 

61 

4 

9 

23 

34 

56 

138 

2 

4 

15 

136 

1,047 

2 

1 

14 

11 

3 

39 

1 

4 

14 

18 

103 

2 

4 

8 

759 

40 

2, 213 

15 

1 

40 

197 

209 

1,124 

119 

91 

370 

6 

9 

21 

92 

28 

236 

168 

114 

1,159 

166 

139 

750 

95 

113 

5!9 

7 

1 

29 

51 

21 

257 

28 

5 

128 

65 

13 

285 

3 

8 

194 

15 

1,305 

3 

7 

8 

584 

20 

1,586 

3 

6 

10 

216 

32 

701 

31 

4 

161 

152 

196 

542 

175 

36 

707 

3 

8 

3 

61 

43 

247 

15 

19 

99 

5,536 

2,041 

22,632 

468 

293 

1,739 

Total 


48  Department  Cir.  U . S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

3.  SUMMARY  LIST,  BY  BREEDS,  OF  ACCREDITED  AND  ONCE-TESTED 
HERDS  OF  LESS  THAN  5 PUREBRED  OR  10  GRADE  CATTLE. 


Herds  under  supervision  containing  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle. 


Breed. 

Once  tested  without  reactors. 

Accredited. 

Herds. 

Pure- 

bred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Herds. 

Pure- 

bred 

cattle. 

Grade. 

cattle. 

Aberdeen  Angus 

Ayrshire 

22 

63 

12 

1 

389 

56 

1 

1,072 

3,175 

31 

710 

4 

27 

37 

13 

88 

190 

49 

3 

1,617 

248 

3 

5,209 

10,994 

150 

4,061 

20 

3 

1 

4 

4 

6 

Brown  Swiss 

Dutch  Belted 

i 

67 

3 

8 

242 

16 

Guernsey 

Hereford 

Polled  Hereford 

200 

56 

4 

559 

591 

24 

527 

3 

55 

5 

Holstein- Friesian 

Jersey 

Red  Polled 

154 

204 

72 

115 

608 

757 

Shorthorn 

Polled  Shorthorn 

25 

38 

102 

Total 

5, 536 

2,041 

22,632 

458 

293 

1,739 

4.  TOTAL  NUMBER,  BY  STATES,  OF  ACCREDITED  AND  ONCE-TESTED 

HERDS. 

Total  number  of  cattle,  by  States,  in  herds,  large  and  small,  accredited  or  once  tested  uithou 

reactors . 


State. 

Once  tested  without  reactors. 

Accredited. 

Herds. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Herds. 

Purebred 

cattle. 

Grade 

cattle. 

Alabama 

79 

273 

2,597 

34 

592 

871 

Arkansas 

53 

700 

264 

14 

281 

53 

Colorado 

2 

30 

2 

Connecticut 

58 

757 

518 

18 

225 

93 

Delaware — 

45 

96 

331 

10 

526 

99 

District  of  Columbia 

94 

30 

253 

190 

111 

594 

Florida 

1,295 

213 

8, 741 

21 

200 

651 

Georgia 

180 

722 

3,083 

8 

331 

86 

Idaho 

526 

1,702 

5,509 

8 

92 

170 

Illinois 

293 

4,006 

1,853 

70 

1,950 

339 

Indiana 

392 

3, 471 

3, 548 

121 

1,883 

726 

Iowa 

377 

3,379 

4,137 

44 

876 

290 

Kansas 

81 

4,198 

2, 497 

80 

1,687 

586 

Kentucky 

270 

3,114 

3, 196 

55 

778 

325 

Louisiana 

153 

353 

2, 198 

28 

262 

682 

Maine 

941 

2,905 

7,077 

127 

1,015 

967 

Maryland 

261 

709 

2, 166 

103 

804 

1,261 

Massachusetts 

34 

885 

258 

21 

404 

72 

Michigan 

133 

2, 496 

249 

103 

2,375 

232 

Minnesota 

994 

8, 141 

13, 304 

494 

8,369 

5,282 

Mississippi 

288 

1,518 

3,690 

59 

1,039 

1,162 

Missouri 

585 

7, 514 

5,894 

6 

170 

51 

Montana 

97 

1,589 

2,541 

48 

1,269 

1,040 

Nebraska 

205 

3, 130 

1,278 

29 

611 

114 

Nevada 

297 

613 

5,383 

1 

5 

12 

New  Hampshire 

30 

449 

359 

7 

172 

8 

New  Jersey 

21 

280 

71 

28 

612 

412 

New  York 

186 

3,371 

1,869 

47 

1,170 

453 

North  Carolina 

1,045 

971 

7,261 

105 

548 

1,610 

North  Dakota 

936 

4,733 

10, 462 

172 

3,075 

1,270 

Ohio 

714 

6,697 

4,027 

104 

1,914 

324 

Oklahoma 

228 

1,536 

2,411 

1 

1 

13 

Oregon 

263 

1,105 

2,252 

30 

824 

118 

Pennsylvania 

639 

3,871 

3,970 

261 

1,894 

1,981 

Rhode  Island 

10 

121 

30 

5 

68 

27 

South  Carolina 

153 

423 

2,597 

34 

441 

781 

South  Dakota 

124 

1,044 

1,341 

15 

297 

140 

Tennessee 

292 

2,028 

3,558 

86 

2,269 

720 

Texas 

51 

1,231 

1,818 

Utah 

377 

427 

3, 724 

36 

927 

395 

Vermont 

1,343 

3,677 

12,325 

63 

961 

832 

Virginia 

591 

1,826 

6,907 

354 

2,370 

6,629 

Washington 

264 

1,393 

1,822 

16 

439 

38 

West  Virginia 

763 

622 

3,920 

29 

427 

285 

Wisconsin 

835 

8, 789 

9, 131 

287 

4,207 

2, 721 

Wyoming 

1 

17 

Total 

16, 599 

97, 138 

160,  439 

3,370 

48, 471 

34,515 

Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3, 


49 

5.  TOTAL  NUMBER,  BY  BREEDS,  OF  ACCREDITED  AND  ONCE-TESTED 

CATTLE. 

Total  number  of  cattle , by  breeds , in  herds , large  and  small , accredited  or  once  tested  without 

reactors. 


Aberdeen  Angus 

Ayrshire 

Brown  Swiss 

Devon 

Dutch  Belted 

Galloway 

Guernsey 

Hereford 

Polled  Hereford. . . 

Holstein- Friesian 

Jersey 

Red  Polled 

Shorthorn 

Milking  Shorthorn 
Polled  Shorthorn.. 

Total 


Breed. 


Once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Accredited. 

Purebred 

Grade 

Purebred 

Grade 

cattle. 

cattle. 

cattle. 

cattle. 

3,286 

2,095 

2,072 

594 

2,315 

2, 137 

1,291 

274 

686 

350 

387 

63 

82 

25 

34 

6 

48 

271 

18 

8 

123 

143 

38 

40 

9, 049 

15, 538 

6, 651 

6,003 

13, 014 

6,  277 

5,117 

1,816 

1, 120 

197 

777 

122 

26,916 

45,859 

11,141 

12, 599 

18, 045 

56, 160 

10, 369 

9, 525 

1,675 

1,265 

1, 189 

155 

20,  249 

29, 601 

7,606 

3,  237 

162 

287 

11 

15 

368 

234 

320 

58 

97, 138 

160,  439 

47,021 

34, 515 

6.  SUMMARY  LIST,  BY  STATES,  OF 
VISION,  BUT  CONTAINING 


ADDITIONAL  HERDS  UNDER  SUPER- 
ONE  OR  MORE  REACTORS. 


Herds  under  supervision , but  containing  one  or  more  reactors. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia. 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York. 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Penns  ylvania 

Rhode  Island..  - 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota ... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah. 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 


Herds. 


41 

4 

84 

55 

4 

180 

39 

79 

197 

124 

320 

69 

57 

87 

163 

194 

27 

69 

372 

14 
120 

20 

124 

138 

26 

53 

319 

73 

319 
370 
123 

89 

176 

15 
41 
68 
66 
23 
39 

565 

193 

53 

33 

320 


5,545 


Purebred 

cattle. 


564 

53 

1,163- 

78 


298 

851 

4,089 

2,149 

6,238 

1,846 

694 

693 

628 

1,024 

846 

2,265 

5,063 

131 

3,797 

648 

4,018 

95 

444 

518 

6,851 

306 

3,055 

5,100 

2,332 

889 

3,022 

198 

551 

1,065 

1,145 

310 

55 

3,920 

769 

1,401 

152 

7,998 


77,312 


Grade 

cattle. 


1,575 

28 

1,488 

527 

79 

5,046 

1,239 

1,131 

1,976 

1,276 

4,687 

855 

1,138 

3,226 

1,800 

2,827 

390 

163 

5,505 

255 

2,130 

458 

880 

2,645 

309 

1,356 

4.893 
1,992 
4,668 
3,271 
1,485 

1.894 
1,855 

95 

1,216 

934 

1,189 

812 

1,699 

12,530 

5,084 

588 

596 

3,476 


Total. 


91,266 


50 


Department  Cir.  M2,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

UNIFORM  METHODS  AND  RULES  FOR  TUBERCULOSIS-FREE 
ACCREDITED  HERDS  OF  CATTLE. 

Unanimously  Adopted  by  the  United  States  Live  Stock  Sanitary  Association  and  by  Representatives 

of  Purebred  Cattle  Breeders’  Associations,  and  Approved  December  23,  1917,  by  the  United  States 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  with  Amendments  Adopted  December  3,  1919. 

1.  A tuberculosis-free  accredited  herd  is  one  which  has  been  tuberculin- tested  by 
the  subcutaneous  method,  or  any  other  test  approved  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  In- 
dustry, under  the  supervision  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  or  a regularly  em- 
ployed veterinary  inspector  of  the  State  in  which  cooperative  tuberculosis  eradication 
work  is  conducted  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  State. 
Further,  it  shall  be  a herd  in  which  no  animal  affected  with  tuberculosis  has  been 
found  upon  two  annual  or  three  semiannual  tuberculin  tests,  as  above  described,  and 
by  physical  examination. 

2.  The  entire  herd,  or  any  cattle  in  the  herd,  shall  be  tuberculin-tested  or  retested 
at  such  time  as  is  considered  necessary  by  the  Federal  and  State  authorities. 

3.  No  cattle  shall  be  presented  for  the  tuberculin  test  which  have  been  injected 
with  tuberculin  within  60  days  immediately  preceding  or  which  have  at  any  time 
reacted  to  a tuberculin  test. 

4.  An  accredited  herd  in  which  not  more  than  one  reactor  is  found  at  a subsequent 
tuberculin  test  may  be  reinstated  to  the  list  if  the  entire  herd  passes  a successful 
test  without  reactors;  said  test  to  be  applied  not  less  than  six  months  from  the  date 
when  the  reactor  is  removed  from  the  herd  and  farm,  providing  the  owner  has  com- 
plied with  all  the  requirements  with  reference  to  the  introduction  of  additional 
animals  to  the  herd,  and  also  all  other  requirements  of  the  accredited-herd  plan. 

5.  No  cattle  other  than  those  of  an  accredited  herd  shall  be  added  to  an  accredited 
herd  or  to  a herd  that  is  in  the  process  of  accreditation  until  they  have  passed  two 
tuberculin  tests  applied  at  intervals  of  not  less  than  60  days  or  more  than  90  days  by 
a regularly  employed  State  or  Federal  veterinarian  or  by  a veterinarian  specially 
authorized  by  the  State  and  bureau  to  conduct  such  tests.  The  cattle  may  after 
passing  the  first  test  be  placed  on  the  farm  or  premises  containing  an  accredited  herd 
or  one  in  the  process  of  accreditation,  but  must  not  be  allowed  to  associate  with  said 
herd  until  after  passing  the  second  test. 

6.  (a)  When  a herd  has  been  officially  accredited  continuously  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  and  State  for  a period  of  2 years,  it  may  then  be 
tuberculin-tested  annually  by  any  veterinarian  whose  name  is  upon  the  accredited 
list  of  veterinarians  approved  of  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 
provided  that  before  any  veterinarian  other  than  one  who  devotes  his  entire  time  to 
the  work  of  any  State  or  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  can  be  approved  for  accredited- 
herd  work,  he  shall  have  passed  an  examination  conducted  by  the  proper  live-stock 
sanitary  official  of  the  State  in  which  he  resides,  and  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 
He  then  shall  be  eligible  to  conduct  annual  tuberculin  tests  upon  herds  which  have 
been  officially  accredited  upon  dates  approved  of  by  the  proper  State  live-stock 
sanitary  official  and  the  Inspector  in  Charge  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  in  the 
State  wherein  the  herd  is  located. 

(6)  No  herd  test  can  be  made  by  such  an  approved  veterinarian  unless  he  has  in- 
structions in  writing  from  the  State  official  to  that  effect.  The  dates  of  the  annual 
tests  for  each  herd  shall  be  recorded  in  the  State  office  and,  also,  in  the  office  of  the 
inspector  in  charge.  On  any  annual  test  the  State  and  Bureau  reserve  the  right  to 
have  a regularly  employed  official  present  on  the  farm  to  supervise  the  testing  done 
by  the  approved  veterinarian. 

(c)  The  approved  veterinarian  shall  conduct  each  test  strictly  in  accordance  with 
instructions  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  to  employees  engaged  in  cooper- 
ative tuberculosis-eradication  work.  At  the  conclusion  of  each  test,  the  approved 
veterinarian  shall  submit  to  the  State  veterinarian  and  the  inspector  in  charge  of  the 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  a copy  of  the  record  of  the  test. 

( d ) Any  animal  of  a herd  under  supervision  which  may  react  in  any  herd  tuberculin 
tested  by  an  approved  veterinarian  shall  be  marked  for  the  purpose  of  identification 
in  accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  State  in  which  the  animal  is  located. 

(e)  Tuberculin  tests  applied  by  veterinarian  other  than  those  regularly  employed 
by  the  State  and  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  shall  be  paid  for  by  the  owner  of  the 
herd. 

7.  Before  a herd  can  be  accredited  the  stables  and  premises  shall  be  placed  in  a 
sanitary  condition.  When  reactors  are  disclosed  as  the  result  of  any  test,  they  must 
be  immediately  removed  from  the  farm  and  the  stables  thoroughly  cleaned  and  dis-i, 
infected  before  the  herd  shall  be  identified  as  in  process  of  accreditation. 


Tuberculosis-Free  Herd  List  No.  3. 


51 


8.  Prior  to  each  tuberculin  test  satisfactory  evidence  of  the  identity  of  the  registered 
animals  shall  be  presented  to  the  inspector.  Any  grade  cattle  maintained  in  the  herd, 
or  associated  with  the  animals  of  the  herd,  shall  be  identified  by  a tag  or  other  mark- 
ing satisfactory  to  the  State  and  Federal  officials. 

9.  All  removals  of  registered  cattle  from  the  herd,  either  by  sale,  death,  or  slaughter, 
shall  be  reported  promptly  to  the  said  State  or  Federal  officials,  giving  the  identifi- 
cation of  the  animal  and,  if  sold,  the  name  and  address  of  the  person  to  whom  trans- 
ferred. If  the  transfer  is  made  from  the  accredited  herd  to  another  accredited  herd, 
the  shipment  shall  be  made  only  in  properly  cleaned  and  disinfected  cars.  No  cattle 
shall  be  allowed  to  associate  with  the  herd  which  have  not  passed  a tuberculin  test 
approved  by  the  State  and  Federal  officials. 

10.  All  milk  and  other  diary  products  fed  to  calves  shall  be  that  produced  by  an 
accredited  herd,  or.  if  from  outside  or  unknown  sources,  it  shall  be  pasteurized  by 
heating  to  not  less  than  150°  F.  for  not  less  than  20  minutes. 

11.  All  reasonable  sanitary  measures  and  other  recommendations  by  the  State  and 
Federal  authorities  for  the  control  of  tuberculosis  shall  be  complied  with. 

12.  Cattle  from  an  accredited  herd  may  be  shipped  interstate,  by  certificate  obtained 
from  the  office  of  the  State  live-stock  sanitary  officials  of  the  State  in  which  the  herd 
is  located  or  from  the  office  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  without  further  tuber- 
culin test  for  a period  of  one  year,  subject  to  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  State  of 
destination. 

13.  Strict  compliance  with  these  methods  and  rules  shall  entitle  the  owners  of  tuber- 
culosis-free herds  to  a certificate,  “ Tuberculosis-Free  Accredited  Herd,  ” to  be  issued 
by  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  and  the  State  live-stock  sanitary  authority.  Said 
certificate  shall  be  good  for  one  year  from  date  of  test  unless  revoked  at  an  earlier  date. 

14.  A supplementary  list  shall  be  made  to  the  accredited-herd  list  to  contain  the 
names  of  the  owners  of  .purebred  herds  that  are  found  free  from  tuberculosis  on  two 
annual  tuberculin  tests  but  in  which  the  herd  bull  reacted.  Such  herds  shall  not 
receive  an  accredited-herd  certificate.  The  reacting  bull  may  be  used  under  the 
following  conditions: 

(а)  He  shall  have  passed  a satisfactory  physical  examination  and  be  kept  in  iso- 
lation and  quarantine  under  State  supervision. 

(б)  When  it  is  desired  to  breed  cattle  to  the  reacting  bull,  such  cattle  shall  be  taken 
to  the  bull  and  bred  on  neutral  ground.  The  bull  shall  be  controlled  on  a staff  or 
halter. 

15.  Failure  on  the  part  of  owners  to  comply  with  the  letter  or  spirit  of  these  methods 
and  rules  shall  be  considered  as  sufficient  cause  for  immediate  cancellation  of  cooper- 
ation with  them  by  the  State  and  Federal  officials. 

Amendments  adopted  December  3,  1919. 


52  Department  Cir.  ik2,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

RECORD  OF  PROGRESS  IN  ACCREDITED-HERD  WORK. 

Arranged  in  order  of  accredited  herds. 

June  30,  1920. 


State. 

Accredited 

herds. 

Once-tested 
free  herds. 

] . Minnesota ! 

494 

994 

2.  Virginia 

354 

591 

3.  Wisconsin 

287 

835 

4.  Pennsylvania 

261 

639  i 

5.  District  of  Columbia 

190 

94 

6.  North  Dakota 

172 

936  ! 

7.  Maine 

127 

941  j 

8.  Indiana 

121 

392  ; 

9.  North  Carolina 

105 

1, 045 

10.  Ohio 

104 

714  1 

11.  Maryland . 

103 

261  j 

12.  Michigan 

103 

133  j 

13.  Tennessee 

86  | 

292 

It.  Kansas 

80  I 

81 

15.  Illinois 

70  1 

293 

16.  Vermont 

63  | 

1,343 

17.  Mississippi 

59  j 

288 

18.  Kentucky 

55  | 

270 

19.  Montana 

48 

97 

20.  New  York 

47 

186 

21.  Iowa 

44 

377 

22.  Utah 

36 

377 

23.  South  Carolina 

34 

153 

24.  Alabama 

34 

79 

25.  Oregon 

30 

263 

26.  West  Virginia 

29 

763  ! 

27.  Nebraska 

29 

205  | 

28.  Louisiana 

28 

153 

29.  New  Jersey 

28 

21 

30.  Florida 

21 

1,295 

31.  Massachusetts - 

21 

34 

32.  Connecticut 

18 

58 

33.  Washington 

16 

264 

34.  South  Dakota 

15 

124 

35.  Arkansas 

14 

53 

36.  Delaware 

10 

45 

37.  Idaho 

8 

526 

38.  Georgia 

8 

180  : 

39.  New  Hampshire. 

7 

30  1 

40.  Missouri 

6 

585 

41.  Rhode  Island 

5 

10 

42.  Nevada 

1 

297 

43.  Oklahoma 

1 

228 

44  T exas  

51  1 

45  Colorado  

2 

A,fk  Wvnminfl'  _ 

1 

Total 

3,370 

16,599 

1 

TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION  UNDER 
THE  ACCREDITED-HERD  PLAN 


SUPPLEMENT  1 TO 
HERD  LIST  NO.  3 


LIST  OF  HERDS  OF  AYRSHIRE,  GUERNSEY,  HOLSTEIN- 
FRIESIAN,  AND  JERSEY  CATTLE  WHICH  HAVE  PASSED 
ONE  OFFICIAL  TUBERCULIN  TEST  WITH  A VIEW  TO 
BEING  ACCREDITED 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  Division 

J.  A.  KIERNAN,  Chief 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  143 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 
JOHN  R.  MOHLER,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


Revised  to  June  30,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  i 1920 


CONTROL  with  a view  to  the  eventual  eradication  of 
tuberculosis  in  cattle  is  being  accomplished  by  the 
systematic  efforts  of  Federal  and  State  authorities  in  coop- 
eration with  cattle  breeders’  associations  and  herd  owners. 

A plan  was  adopted  in  1917  whereby  herds  of  cattle 
passing  the  prescribed  number  of  official  tuberculin  tests 
should  be  certified  or  accredited  as  free  from  tuberculosis. 

An  accredited  herd  is  one  that  has  passed  successfully 
two  annual  or  three  semiannual  tuberculin  tests  applied 
by  regularly  employed  veterinary  inspectors  of  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  or  of  the  State  where  cooperative  work 
is  conducted,  and  has  otherwise  complied  with  the  regu- 
lations governing  the  work. 

The  following  list  shows  herds  that  have  passed  success- 
fully one  test,  without  reactors,  with  a view  to  certification. 
If  the  status  of  any  of  the  herds  in  this  list  is  changed, 
prompt  notice  of  the  fact  will  be  furnished  to  the  officials 
of  the  various  States. 

The  breeds  of  cattle,  the  names  of  the  owners,  and  the 
States  in  which  the  herds  are  located  are  arranged  in 
alphabetical  order. 


TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION  UNDER  THE  ACCREDITED-HERD  PLAN. 


SUPPLEMENT  1 TO  HERD  LIST  NO.  3. 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 


Ayrshire 3 

Guernsey 6 

Holstein-Friesian 20 

Jersey 61 


Note. — For  a list  of  accredited  herds  of  all  breeds  and  of  once-tested  herds  of  breeds  not  included  he?e, 
apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

LIST  OF  HERDS  OF  AYRSHIRE,  GUERNSEY,  HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN,  AND 
JERSEY  CATTLE  WHICH  HAVE  PASSED  ONE  OFFICIAL  TUBERCULIN 
TEST  WITH  A VIEW  TO  BEING  ACCREDITED. 

AYRSHIRE. 


Name. 

Address.  . 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

ARKANSAS. 

University  of  Arkansas 

Fayetteville 

6 

CONNECTICUT. 

Avery,  John  D 

North  Stonington 

12 

17 

Famham  Tobacco  Corporation 

East  Windsor  Hill 

22 

DELAWARE. 

Caulk,  L.  D 

W oodside . . . 

13 

3 

FLORIDA. 

Highland  Oak  Farm,  Burdett  Loomis, 

Pierce 

24 

4 

manager. 

ILLINOIS. 

Fahler,  W.  E 

Mendota 

15 

3 

Spicer,  Zenus 

Monmouth 

6 

9 

INDIANA. 

Brookside  Farm  Co 

Fort  Wayne 

23 

1 

Ritter,  M.  A 

Valparaiso 

18 

IOWA. 

Brewster.  Earl 

Sheldon 

7 

Iowa  State  College 

Ames 

H 

Peverill,  C.  H 

Waterloo 

28 

KANSAS. 

Bahnmaier,  J.  G 

Lecompton 

26 

g 

Campbell,  Robert  P 

Attica 

48 

5 

Dodson,  Stokes 

Carbondale 

7 

6 

Davis,  JoelD 

Emporia,  R.  5 

3 

15 

Hoffman,  H.  H 

Abilene 

27 

3 

Johnson,  L.  E 

Waldron 

30 

Linn,  John,  & Sons 

Manhattan 

51 

15 

Moncrief,  Wm 

Dodge  City 

17 

26 

3 


4 Department  Circular  1b3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


AYRSHIRE— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred.  J 

Grade. 

Andrews,  J.  0.  <fe  0.  D 

MAINE. 

Exeter 

12 

3 

Atwood,  'F.  J 

Sabattus 

g 

7 

5 

Day,  Harold  S 

Lewiston 

37 

Dingley,  Frank 

Livermore  Falls. . . 

5 

13 

Hersey,  W.  A 

Norway 

10 

Hodgkins,  John  B 

Lewiston 

21 

3 

Keene,  E.'  A 

Danville  Junction. 

3 

15 

Porter,  Ira 

West  Houlton... 

7 

8 

Pride  Bros 

East  Waterford . . . 

17 

Prince,  J.  M 

Walnut  Hill 

15 

Victory,  W.  R 

West  Houlton 

10 

Welts,  E.  E 

Caribou 

15 

9 

Willard,  Leonard 

Watervjlle 

6 

4 

Massey,  Sami.  J 

MARYLAND. 

Barclay 

25 

5 

Warnfck,  Noah 

GrantsVille 

18 

W atters,  Sidney 

j 

22 

Howe,  Henry  S 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Holliston 

13 

Scott,  W.  T 

Hawley 

22 

Ford,  E.  L 

MICHIGAN. 

1622  Ford  Building,  Detroit 

6 

Cowles,  Dwight  N 

MINNESOTA. 

Pine  Island 

16 

16 

Lynch,  R.  E 

Zimmerman 

12 

6 

Miller,  Ray  G 

Pine  Island 

19 

Neumann,  Mrs.  Aug 

Princeton 

7 

8 

Rombaugn,  D.  S 

Villard 

21 

4 

Sturges,  J.  D.,  & Bro 

Buffalo 

6 

8 

University  of  Minnesota  Dairy  Farm . . . 
White  & Chambers 

St.  Paul 

5 

Havana 

9 

1 

Wilsie,  E.  M 

Dorset 

2 

6 

Hunze,  J.  W 

MISSOURI. 

Cape  Girardeau 

4 

17 

Griffing,  W.  L 

NEBRASKA. 

Table  Rock 

6 

11 

Dangberg  Land  & Live  Stock  Co 

NEVADA. 

Minden 

12 

Sauer  Bros 

Franktown 

8 

213 

1 

Fobes,  J.  W 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Sugar  Hill 

36 

Melanson,  Joseph  I 

Wolfeboro 

12 

1 

Arords,  Francis 

NEW  YORK. 

Friendship 

9 

| 

6 

Beaver,  Gilbert. . . 

Y orktown  Heights 

64 

51 

Davidson,  L.  S 

Friendship 

16 

2 

Fisher,  J.  B . . . . 

Whallonsburg 

4 

11 

Fuller,  W.  W 

Ossining 

16 

Gurnsey,  L.  C 

Woodhull 

25 

Hart,  Earl. . 

Ballston  Lake 

8 

Kellogg,  H.  T.  . 

Valcour 

23 

32 

Kenyon,  S.  H 

Friendship 

20 

Read,  Mrs.  W.  A . . . 

Purchase 

10 

2 

Spooner,  A.  F 

Richville 

94 

Utter,  F . R 

Friendship 

6 

Wright,  F.  S 

Worcester 

2 

35 

Tufts,  Leonard 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Pinehurst 

68 

86 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  5 


AYRSHIRE— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Huso,  T.  0 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Crosby. . 

5 

7 

11 

5 

15 

Pennie,  Frederick 

Carrington 

Zimmerman,  R.  C 

Wimbledon 

Allen,  James,  & Son 

OHIO. 

Poland 

23 

5 
8 

48 

10 

39 
30 
35 
25 

6 
13 

2 

4 

45 

8 

27 

28 

40 

1 

38 

19 

33 

Aneevine,  C.  H 

38 

11 

Dietz,  G.  C 

Evamere  Farm 

Hudson 

Bechtel,  Wm.  J.  W 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1 

Byrne's  Patrick,  Sons 

St.  Joseph 

Druckemiller,  W.  H 

Sunbury , Crestmont  Farm 

Gladfelter,  TV . L 

2 

5 

26 

25 

11 

10 

Harrison,  William  N 

McDowell,  A.,  Estate 

McKean  County  Home 

Smethport. 

Marshall,  C.  J.,  & Kier,  C.  M 

Ulster 

Mosier,  Ray  A 

Eldred,  R.  4 

Neale,  John  C 

Sewickley,  Blackburn  Farm 

Rockefeller,  G.  A 

13 

Sycamore  Farms,  P.  F.  Krause,  mana- 
ger. 

Temnleton,  Robt.,  & Son 

Douglassville 

Ulster 

Tonner,  Win.  T 

Torresdale 

Williams,  Ivan 

12 

Church,  G.  L 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Providence 

Sumter  Sanitary  Dairy 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Sumter 

31 

3 

33 

12 

17 

18 
9 
9 

13 

15 

27 

22 

39 

23 

9 

8 

22 

5 

Anderson,  A.  J 

VERMONT. 

West  Glover  . 

Anderson,  Mary 

East  Berkshire 

Blaisdell,  W.  R 

Randolph. 

5 

Blanchard,  Harry 

Barre 

Bostwick,  George  H 

V ergennes 

2 

3 

9 

2 

Button,  Archie . 

Washington. . . . 

Cadv,  C.  A 

Chelsea 

Clifford,  Bert  A 

Danville » 

Collins,  A.  J.: 

Lakewood  Farm 

S wanton 

Rented  Farm 

Cutts,  W.  H 

Barre 

Dike,  D.  B 

Starksboro 

Duell,Zeb 

Burlington 

Erskine,  Martin  C 

Wilhamstown. . . 

36 

5 

Hadwen,  J.  E 

Springfield 

Haile,  J.  R 

Montgomery  Center 

Hammond,  Scott  C 

Brandon 

19 

18 

Hannah,  Matthew 

Brownsville 

Hopkins,  H.  P 

Richford i 

19 

32 

Huntoon,  R.  C 

Wallingford 1 

Jewett,  Charles  L 

Middlebury 

24 

21 

3 

8 

Jewett,  Samuel 

25 

28 

3 

18 

12 

45 

Knowles,  George  M 

Randolph 

Ladd,C.  S 

Norwich 

Ladeau,  George 

Bristol 

Lyndes,  A.  A 

Marshfield 

Macy,H.  H • 

Montgomery  Center 

Martin,  T.  T 

Barre 

20 

2 

Norcross,  W.  C 

Waterbury 

31 

38 

Paul,  Dick  W.,  Hill  Farm. . . . 

East  Berkshire 

Perry  Bros.  & Wilson 

Randolph 

75 

2 

Powers,  J.  B.  & W.  S 

Troy 

31 

19 

3 

Pratt,  F.  S 

Montgomery . . 

Saulter,  L.  L 

Spaulding,  F.  E.,  & Son 

Chelsea 

2 

17 

Royalton 

Trombley,  Joseph 

Morrisville 

25 

University  of  Vermont 

Burlington 

12 

6 Department  Circular  ihSy  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


AYRSHIRE— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Vaughn,  R.  H 

Vermont — continued. 
Thetford  Center. 

18 

Vermont  Industrial  School . . . 

Vergennes 

32 

22 

Vermont  Marble  Co.  (Griggs  Farm) 

Proctor 

50 

Wheeler,  H.  H.  & W.  A.: 

Home  Farm 

South  Burlington 

8 

66 

do 

1 

40 

Young,  T.  D 

Vergennes 

9 

12 

Cardwell,  F.  H... 

VIRGINIA. 

Hampton 

3 

13 

Harrison,  J.  M.. 

WASHINGTON. 
Sedro-  Woolley .... 

12 

Lauckhart,  William . . 

Lynden 

20 

Van  Tassell,  E.  W. . 

Wenatchee 

27 

Washington  State  College... 

Pullman 

12 

Schnetz,  Wm.  A 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Wheeling,  R.  1 

3 

31 

29 

Tabb,  James  E . 

Keameysville 

10 

Cook,  John  J 

WISCONSIN. 

Burlington 

8 

23 

Craig,  Wm.  F . 

Royalton 

3 

30 

1 

De  Master,  John. . 

Cedar  Grove .... 

20 

De  Master,  Will . . . 

Oostburg 

2 

11 

Engel,  Henry... 

Neenah 

9 

6 

Finn,  James 

Whitewater 

19 

Ihde,  TTp.rmfl.rij  & Son 

Neenah 

20 

3 

Ihde,  John 

do 

22 

17 

Jones,  Rufus  A . 

Black  River  Falls 

17 

McNab,  A.  J 

. do.. 

25 

1 

Mar  quart,  Edwin  B . . 

Knowles 

22 

6 

Walvoord,  J.  B. 

Oostburg 

16 

1 

Total  (Ayrshire,  United  States)... 

2,278 

1,947 

GUERNSEY. 


ALABAMA. 

Claybaugh  & Sparks 

Gallion 

5 

42 

CONNECTICUT. 

Buckingham,  S.  McLean . . . 

Waterbury 

9 

16 

Cheney,  Robert 

South  Manchester 

11 

Deming,  H.  P . . . 

Winsted 

29 

1 

Dove,  John. 

Litchfield 

37 

5 

Gaylord,  E.  B 

Winsted 

21 

Hendee,  Geo.  M 

Suffield 

3 

18 

Kelsey,  David  A . . . 

South  Manchester 

2 

30 

McKnight,  John  T 

Ellington 

9 

16 

Mitchelson,  Ariel ... 

Tariff  ville 

33 

11 

Moore,  E.  A . . 

New  Britain 

49 

5 

Scoville,  H.  & R... . 

Taconic 

85 

Thomas,  E.  S.,  Estate 

Groton 

21 

Webster,  W.  F.  & A.  B 

Litchfield 

10 

23 

Whitney,  Miss  E.  F . 

Columbia . . . 

21 

York  C.  B . . 

Stonington. . 

10 

DELAWARE. 

Crossland  J.  Howard 

Delaware  City 

35 

Foster,  A.  L. . 

Montchanin 

2 

10 

GEORGIA. 

State  College  of  Agriculture 

Athens 

10 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  7 

GUERNSEY — Continued. 


Name. 


Address 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Daiss,  John 

Harshbarger,  J.  T 

Nicholson,  D 

Nihart,  A.  H 

Parry,  Lester  G 

Rodenbaugh,  Will  M . 

Check,  Henry 

Tatruan,  F.  N 

Turner,  C.  O 


Hess,  J.  B 

Kellogg,  L.  D . . . 
Laird,  John  J. . . 
Manning.  C.  B . . 

Martin,!.  M 

Sommer,  J.  D. . . 
Williams,  David . 


Adair  6c  Laflin 

Benthall,  Otis 

Black,  C.  F.,  & R 

Butler,  Mark 

Carlisle,  C.  A 

Grady,  Hardy 

Hershberger  ,*C.,  and  Schlosser,  F. 

Hesler,  Alfred  J 

Howard,  Harry 

J ohnson , Sy  lvanus 

Kiefer,  Henry 

Kiefer,  William 

Knight,  R.  E 

Lyon,  Jasper 

Nelson  & Son,  S.  O 

Pickett,  Arthur 

Ritzert , Henry  J 

St.  Mary’s  Academy 

Sahlhoff,  Carl  E 

Schlosser , Walter  K 

Sheets,  Arthur 

Simpson,  Geo.  R 

Stein,  Edward  N 

Stillwell  & Seggerman 

Trimble,  G.  A 

Worster,  O.  M 


Barr,  A.  M 

Bender,  C.  R 

Blome,  Conrad 

Brooks,  H.  E 

Coppock,  Robert  E 

Gilchrist,  W.  C 

Hershberger,  J.  L 

Iowa  State  College 

McCoid  & Hubbard . . . 

Mamer,  G.  G 

Myhr,  A.  B 

Oak  Hill  Guernsey  Co. 

Steckley , Sam  R 

Swart  zendrieber,  E.  G. 
Swartendruber , D.  B . . 

Y oder,  Andrew  A 

Yoder,  W.  M 


Holmes,  W.  W 

Kissinger,  E.  R.,  & Son. 

Mar  ley,  J.  W 

Perrenoud , J ohn 

Porter,  J.  E 


Buhl 

Filer 

St.  Maries. 

Buhl 

Wendell.. 
Caldwell. . 

Buhl 

Wendell. . 
Eagle 


Momence . . . 

Deerfield 

Dix 

Shelbyville. 
La  Harpe . . . 
Met  am  or  a... 
Lake  Forest . 


Lebanon 

Mount  Vernon. 

do 

do 

South  Bend 

Veedersburg. . . 

Bremen 

Veedersburg. . . 

Lebanon 

Mount  Vernon. 

Bremen 

do 

Mount  Vernon. 

Upland 

Lebanon 

Bloomingdale . . 
Mount  Vernon. 
Notre  Dame. . . 

Bremen 

Plymouth 

Bremen 

Owensville 

Mount  Vernon. 

Granger 

Evansville 

Warren 


Grinnell 

Wellman 

Led  yard 

Burlington... 
West  Branch . 
Pocahontas. . 

Kalona 

Ames 

Logan 

Parnell 

Thompson . . . 
Estherville... 

Kalona 

Wellman 

Kalona 

do 

Parnell,  R.  1 . 


Oswego.. . 

Ottawa 

Oswego. . . 
Humboldt . 
Beloit 


I 

Purebred,  , Grade. 


2 

1 

9 

14 

12 

18 

1 

10 

15 

17 

1 

11 

3 

7 

17 

36 

1 

15 

3 

5 

10 

21 

2 

9 

48 

1 

4 

20 

15 

21 

6 

10 

15 

22 

3 

5 

6 

29 

6 

25 

2 

19 

10 

1 

31 

1 

21 

1 

12 

1 

11 

5 

10 

5 

20 

14 

9 

149 

10 

5 

6 

3 

16 

12 

1 

11 

2 

18 

12 

8 

3 

17 

23 

1 

23 

8 

6 

8 

30 

1 

23 

29 

2 

58 

1 

11 

1 

19 

7 

1 

1 

15 

2 

20 

3 

17 

10 

12 

5 

1 

15 

12 

10 

10 

16 

7 

11 

8 Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


G U ERNSEY— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

MAINE. 

Batchelder . Wm 

Sanford 

4 

17 

Benn,  Geo.  H 

Houlton 

21 

Blair,  Lyman 

Greenville 

12 

Bonney^C.  A 

Turner 

1 

14 

Brackett , W.  S 

Waterville 

11 

Brown,  Chas.  W 

Windsor 

23 

4 

Brown , Leonard  S 

West  Scarboro 

11 

Butler,  Guy  V 

Franklin 

16 

Call, Everett  I)  

Pittsfield  . . 

7 

10 

Clark, Fred..  . 

4 

26 

Coffin , Herbert  E 

Berwick 

10 

Crocker,  E.  G 

St.  Albans 

26 

Day,  Albert  P 

3 

9 

Deering,  A.  M.,  & Son 

Bridgton '. 

12 

13 

Dole,  C.  H 

Brewer 

12 

Dondero,  C.  G 

Augusta 

39 

Elliott,  (*eo.  W 

Waterville 

12 

Hall,  Thomas  G 

Alfred 

10 

Hart  Edw.  R .... 

2 

12 

Hill . F.  T.,  & Son 

1 

10 

Horton , W.  S 

Blue  Hill 

4 

11 

Waterville 

11 

Johnson,  H.  0 

East  Sullivan 

10 

Jordan,  B.  F. 

13 

Leach,  Fred  H 

Alfred 

14 

Libby,  Lester  J 

Sabattus 

8 

7 

13 

12 

Milliken,  E.  C. . 

West  Scarboro 

4 

17 

Moors,  Vera  1 

Lee 

1 

15 

Morgan,  Frank  M 

Augusta 

13 

Morrill, D.  J.,  & F.  L 

Cornish 

15 

Newman,  D.  L 

Wilton 

10 

8 

Norton,  Ralph  S 

Portland 

11 

1 

Perkins,  J.  A 

Nobleboro 

1 

9 

Pettengill,  W.  R 

Curtis  Corner 

4 

18 

Pike,  Asa  0 

Fryeburg 

4 

9 

Ramsey , John 

Water  vine 

10 

Ricker,  Fred  N 

Alfred 

2 

11 

Rose,  Oliver  N 

Greene 

15 

6 

Russell,  Cony. .... 

N orridgewock 

16 

18 

Russell  & Son , J . . 

West  Kennebunk 

4 

10 

Smith,  Harold.. 

Monmouth 

3 

9 

Smith,  Samuel  C . . . 

West  Kennebunk 

10 

Souther,  Ernest  L 

Livermore  Falls 

4 

10 

Stanley,  Samuel  B . . . 

West  Lebanon 

2 

8 

State  Prison  Farm 

Thomaston 

21 

20 

Stephens,  P.  C. 

East  Sumner 

6 

8 

Stevens,  A.  D 

Waterville 

10 

Stevens  LelandH... 

Alfred... 

10 

Stuart,  Will 

Solon 

14 

Thompson,  T.  S 

Waterville 

2 

13 

Trafton .Louis  F 

Sanford 

18 

27 

Walker  Bros 

Biddeford 

12 

Whitehead.  Frank  E 

Saco 

9 

3 

MARYLAND. 

Ahry  Phillip  K 

Easton 

9 

8 

Baile  John  S 

New  Windsor 

1 

18 

Bird  J.  Irving,  jr 

Birdsville 

10 

Coale  H>  D . . . . 

Aberdeen 

35 

Culler  M.  L. 

Sharpsburg 

1 

10 

English  M.  A . 

Rockville,  R.  R 

1 

11 

Foard  Wm.  M . 

White  Hall 

16 

Gibson  Howard  W. . . 

Bel  Air,  R.  3 

10 

Graybill  L.  C 

Lewistown 

1 

11 

Heck  Chas.  H. 

Bel  Air 

16 

Herrman  Jas.  F.. 

Forest  Hill. 

13 

Hibberd  G.  H 

New  Windsor 

13 

Hoen , Frank  J 

Corbett 

6 

3 

Hummer,  R.  M. . . 

Detour 

13 

Kelley,  Jas.  C 

Street  

18 

Kelly  M.  P 

Bel  Air,  R.  3 . 

10 

Lanahan,  W.  W. 

Timonium . . 

6 

Lare  Harry  B 

Walkersville 

14 

Newcomb,  H.  T 

Bethesda 

22 

4 

Oldfield,  W.  L. . . . 

Rocks 

5 

14 

Othoson,  E.  T 

1 Kennedyville 

3 

23 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  9 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

I 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Maryland — continued. 

5 

1 

11 

19 

7 

14 

3 

24 

1 

27 

2 

33 

3 

14 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Edgartown 

1 

13 

fiallnp  *W.  A 

N orth  Adams 

17 

15 

MernH  S M 

8 

1 

243 

11 

11 

8 

9 

4 

15 

21 

MICHIGAN. 

1360  Jefferson  Avenue,  Detroit 

23 

Redford 

19 

2 

19 

17 

12 

13 

5 

ci  ’w  * h 

24 

Ruehs  F W 

Caledonia 

13 

1 

Scott  H B 

Grosselsle 

10 

ToTpy  Dr.  H-N. 

David- Whitney  Building,  Detroit 

8 

2 

MINNESOTA. 

Abrahams  on  H B 

Dassel 

4 

28 

Agrimson  J ohn 

Whalan  

2 

20 

Alexander  W m M 

Rockville 

3 

6 

Arnold  Bros 

Watkins 

31 

1 

Bancroft  J L 

Mora 

11 

4 

Bemis  W M 

Long  Prairie 

13 

17 

Benjamin,  Mrs.  R . G 

Hutchinson 

3 

19 

Bentz  Herman 

Mora  

36 

Bergeson  Alfred 

Leonard 

12 

Boyd  Amos 

Mora.  . 

11 

Brinkman  J C 

Zumbrota 

4 

14 

Brooks  Chas 

Mankato 

3 

18 

Brown  Burt 

Judson 

1 

9 

Brownell  Bros 

Grand  Meadow' 

2 

31 

Brunz  Louis  R 

Good  Thunder 

6 

27 

Budde  Herman 

Nerstrand 

7 

24 

Busch  Paul 

Lake  Elmo 

12 

Carlson  Alfred . . . 

Hallock 

13 

Christianson  Aug.  C. . . 

Hinckley 

3 

12 

Cook  F C 

Mora 

6 

18 

Crosby  J 

Goodridge 

1 

9 

Cupp  i P 

Ogilvie 

2 

18 

Eivarson  Oscar ... 

Starbuck 

19 

Elliott  lizra 

Villard 

6 

8 

Elness  Olaf 

Garfield 

6 

15 

Ferguson  W 

Mankato 

5 

5 

Glaeser  E.  W 

Norwood 

3 

11 

Goetzman  C.  J 

Winona 

1 

19 

Hanson  H P. 

Nelson 

23 

Hanson  Henry 

Thief  River  Falls 

14 

Harris  Bros 

New  Ulm,  R.  5 

1 

14 

Hermanson,  Martin  J 

Utica 

4 

17 

Holte  & Son  H O 

Shelly 

2 

16 

Hughes,  Roy  0 

Mora 

3 

10 

Husser  Henrv 

Minneiska 

4 

18 

Hutchinson  E . O 

Sleepy  Eye 

6 

4 

Jensen,  L 

Clear  brook 

20 

2 

Jepson  C.  M 

Zumbrota 

8 

15 

J ohnson  Gust  A 

Garfield 

13 

Klockmann,  C.  L 

Withrow' 

4 

16 

Kroehler,  Geo.  J 

Henderson 

2 

19 

Lambert,  Alfred 

Bronson 

3 

27 

Lanee.  Wm 

Glencoe 

7 

18 

10  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

G UERNSEY — Continued . 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


Minnesota — continued. 


Lindgren,  J.  L 

McCall,  J.  G 

Mainz,  Simon 

Malmquist,  A.  O 

Marshall,  Ed 

Mattson,  L.  E 

Von  Menren  Bros 

Merickel  & Nelson 

Mesenbring,  Hilton 

Mesenbring,  Otto 

Mohrenweiser,  H.  C 

Moldenhauer,  E.  A 

Morrison,  A.  E 

Moses,  L.  H 

Mosher,  John 

Munroe,  G.  A 

Nelson,  Arthur  C 

Nelson,  E.  H 

Nelson,  H.  W 

Nelson,  Olaf 

Ness,  M.  C 

Neuman,  O.  H 

Nordling  Bros 

Norman,  H.  G 

Norman,  Hugh 

Olstad,  Carl 

Oster,  P.  A 

Palmer,  P.  P 

Patchen,  Frank 

Paulson,  O.  C 

Peterson,  T.  P 

Pfeiffer,  Paul 

Pool,  C.  M 

Pope,  Henry 

Putnam,  H.  A 

Putnam,  S.  T 

Putrah.B.  L 

Reibe,  Herman 

Roberts,  Willard 

Rodli  & Wykel'Drs 

Rouse,  C.  O 

Sandberg,  A.  P 

Sausen,  Jos 

Schelin,  Chas.  F 

Sharp,  George C 1 

Sheldon,  A.  L 

Sheldon,  L.  J 

Sherwood,  Geo.  E : 

Simon,  Peter 

Smith,  C.  H 

Smith,  Nels,  & Sons 

Solum,  A.  L 

Sprague,  E.  A 

Steele,  Henry  F 

Stems,  George 

Stenberg,  Julius 

Stibal.P.  P 

Stoll,  Louie 

Tenny,  D.  D 

University  of  Minnesota,  demonstra- 
tion farm  and  station. 

University  of  Minnesota  Dairy  Farm. . . 

Urdahl,  Osmund 

Volker,  Thomas 

Vollrath,  Aug 

Wagner,  George 

Walters,  M.  H 

Watts,  Frank  E 

Webb,  Chas.  P 

Whitney  & Lind 

Whitney  & Nyberg 

Wicken,  3.0 

Wiggens,  C.  H 

Willard,  R.  G 

Wilson,  Samuel  B 

Winkjer,  Theo.  G 

Wollan,  Anton  M 

Zschetzsche,  Arthur  P 


Wadena 

Austin 

Hastings 

Grove  City 

Bagley 

Dassel 

Hinckley 

Eagle  Bend 

Young  America. . 

Glencoe 

Wahkon 

Elk  River 

Copas 

Lake  Crystal 

Claremont 

Border 

Lake  Crystal 

Glenville 

Mankato 

Alexandria 

Glenville 

Glen  wood 

Hallock 

Lake  Crystal 

do./. 

Hanska 

Farmington 

Goodridge 

Anoka 

Peterson,  R.  2 

Blooming  Prairie. 

Dover 

Farmington 

St.  Hilaire 

Battle  Lake 

do 

Good  Thunder. . . 

Winona 

Lake  Crystal 

Albert  Lea 

Lakefield 

Hazel 

Wyoming 

Nelson 

Amboy 

Grand  Rapids 

Waseca 

Kimball 

Winona 

Brainerd 

Winona 

Alexandria 

Caledonia 

Alden 

Thief  River  Falls. 

Stillwater 

Biscay 

Mora 

Crystal  Bay 

Grand  Rapids 

St.  Paul 

Goodridge 

Winona 

Plummer 

Goodridge 

Dexter 

Mankato 

Medford 

Alden 

do 

Garfield 

Lake  Crystal 

Good  Thunder.. . 

Mankato 

Garfield 

Starbuck 

Sleepy  Eye 


18 

2 


12 


5 

3 

55 

2 

3 


15 

11 


4 

3 


5 
10 

1 

6 
4 

20 


5 


6 

16 

2 


1 

1 

1 

1 

2 


20 

1 

7 


5 


4 

7 

14 


1 

3 


34 

29 

9 

12 

3 


1 


2 

3 

10 

1 


3 

1 

11 


2 

3 


2 

30 

23 

4 

10 


12 


28 

28 

17 


20 

10 

39 

ID 

7 

27 

29 

13 

16 

15 

16 
4 
9 
6 

24 

10 

24 

33 
13 
19 

19 
13 
61 
26 
49 
18 
11 

27 
3 

15 
11 

16 
13 

20 

34 
20 

28 
12 
24 
20 
29 
15 
20 

15 

16 
1 


53 


20 

14 

16 

10 

12 

16 

18 

44 

17 

20 

8 

14 

17 

23 

21 

13 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  H 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 


Address 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


red. 

Grade. 

20 

83 

9 

23 

7 

40 

43 

21 

2 

10 

9 

8 

38 

2 

10 

5 

23 

2 

13 

2 

11 

1 

15 

5 

10 

23 

27 

6 

2 

13 

2 

15 

17 

19 

1 

18 

5 

27 

3 

12 

5 

11 

10 

20 

6 

8 

5 

36 

4 

12 

156 

15 

8 

28 

16 

9 

15 

36 

2 

22 

6 

7 

12 

17 

20 

33 

13 

15 

9 

14 

24 

9 

3 

5 

14 

13 

118 

41 

34 

11 

22 

15 

5 

9 

11 

35 

6 

3 

38 

34 

49 

11 

8 

22 

1 

Gayoso  Farm 

Guernsey  Stock  Farm . 


Carter,  Samuel  M 

Cologna,  Peter,  & Sons . 

Daniels,  Frank 

Dirnberger,  Joseph  A... 

Ellis,  Joseph 

Exler,  Benj.  F 

Haupt,  Charles  H 

Haupt,  M.  L 

Hobbs,  J.  C 

Masterson,  D.  E 

Mehrle,  John 

Meyer,  L.  S 

Mifier,  I.  Ben 

Reiman,  C.H 

Rubel,  Jacob  D 

Weiss,  C.  W 

Weiss,  E.  H 


Fitzgeralds,  M.  D . 

Martin,  Fred 

Randles,  J.  W 


Roesbery,  S.  D. 


Clark,  Geo.  C 

Gilbert,  A.  W... 
Hulburt,  C.H... 
Pierce,  Arthur  J. 
Trachier,  Elsid . . 


Hope,  Joseph  L 

Kean,  Hamilton  F 

LaMonte,  George,  Estate. 

LaMonte,  George  M 

Lippincott,  N.  W 

Salisbury,  Henry  A 


Horn  Lake. . 
Brookhaven. 


MISSOURI. 


Cape  Girardeau . 

Marshfield 

Vandalia 

Oran 

Commerce 

Cape  Girardeau . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Springfield 

Cape  Girardeau . 

Egypt  Mills 

Cape  Girardeau . 

do 

do 


Stevensville. 
Butte,  R . 1 . 
Stevensville. 


St.  Thomas. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


Charlestown . 
Croydon .... 
Peterboro . . . 
Bennington . 
Hanover 


Adsit,  J.  Leonard 

Alexander,  W.A.&R.A 

Baron  de  Hirsch  Agricultural  School. 

Boggs,  N.  T 

Brown,  T.  F 

Buck,  LeRoy  A 

Buckley,  A.  G 

Buckley,  H.  H 

Bull,  Dr.  E.  L 

Burdick,  Wynter 

Cadwell,  E.  B 

Carman,  G.  W 

Charlton  Industrial  School 

Clark,  E.  S 

Coggsnall,  L.  L 

Douglas,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 

Fairweathei  Charles  S 

Famam,  Merritt 

Ferns,  Ceylon  C 

Gildersleeve,  F.  P 

Gratwick,  W.  H 

Herbert,  Preston 

Hewes,  E.  B.,  & Son 

Howe,  H.  W 

Hunter,  J.  H 

Johnson,  M.  E 

Keenan,  M.  G 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Madison 

Elizabeth 

Boundbrook. 

do 

Swedesboro . . 
do 


NEW  YORK. 


Bald  wins  ville... 
Union  Springs. . 

Peekskill 

Woodstock 

Clymer 

Groton 

Valley  Falls 

Oneonta 

Ithaca 

Greenwich 

Saugerties 

Trumansburg 

Ballston  Lake.... 

Cooperstown 

Locke 

Tilly  Foster 

New  Lebanon — 

Ira 

Fly  Creek 

Union  Springs. . . 

Linwood 

Briarclifi  Manor. 

May  ville 

Bedford  Hills 

Valley  Falls 

Jewett 

Oneonta 


12  Department  Circular  tk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  1 
out  rea 

f 

Purebred,  j 

new  York — continued. 

Kingsland,  W.  G 

Goshen 

27 

Kinney,  0.  F 

North  Chatham  . 

42 

Lam  on  t, Henry 

Cobleskill 

28 

McFee,  Frank 

Oneonta 

27 

MacKenzie.  Alex 

Glen  Spey 

19 

Macy,  V.  Everett 

Ossining 

35 

Mackey,  Clarence  H 

Roslyn 

72 

Mahoney,  W.  D 

Averill  Park 

13 

Minard,  W.  W 

Kings  Ferry 

11 

Morgan,  S.  W 

Poplar  Ridge 

9 

Morse,  A.  D 

Jewett 

11 

Ogden,  J.  E 

M ountainville . 

19 

Packer,  A.  E 

Milford 

10 

Payne,  Edgar  S 

Penn  Yan 

16 

Peck,  C.  A.j  & Son 

Henson  ville 

6 

Petteys,  Jofin  S 

Greenwich 

24 

Prouty/  Dallas  E 

Fort  Ann 

10 

Purdy,  W.  H 

Venice  Center 

Rhodes,  O.  M 

Etna 

31 

Rickard,  John  H 

Richfield  Springs 

11 

Sherman,  Dr.  F.  J 

Ballston  Lake 

5 

Savage,  John 

Tthaca 

Seaman,  James  H 

Glens  Falls 

21 

Smith,  Erank  M 

Springfield  Center 

39 

Ten  Eyck,  Peter  J 

Voorheesville 

15 

Thayer,  W.  J 

Cooperstown 

Torsleff,  L.  F 

Union  Springs 

10 

Trask,  A.  0 

Rock  Rift. . ~ 

47 

Turner,  C.  M 

Schuyler  Falls 

18 

Tabor  & Mignin 

Castile 

40 

Toan,  Lewis  A 

Perry 

35 

Whitaker,  N.  L 

Fulton 

25 

White,  L.  S 

Cairo 

38 

Wilbur,  F.  Fellows 

Stillwater 

12 

Worrall,  C.  W 

Goldenbridge 

16 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Archie,  J.  S 

Davidson 

8 

Baird,  J.  0 

Asheville,  R.  1 

Bernhardt,  G.  M 

Salisbury,  R.  3 

3 

Burke,  E.  S 

Winston-Salem 

1 

Clarida,  W.  F 

Greensboro 

Conrad,  Vance  E 

Winston-Salem,  R.  7 

1 

Correll,  W.  G 

China  Grove,  R.  1 

2 

Davis  W.  N.. 

Gastonia 

4 

Fleming,  W.  C 

Greensboro 

2 

Garrison, T.  J . . 

Weaverville,  R.  2 

Gillean,  C.  H . 

Woodleaf,  R.  1 

2 

Goodman,  C J.,  & Sons 

Concord,  R.  2 

7 

Hagler,  W.  H 

Concord 

3 

Hardin  Thos  D , & Sons 

Greensboro,  R.  5 

15 

Harrison,  J.  M 

Mount  Ulla 

3 

Harrison,  J.  S 

China  Grove 

4 

Hodges,  R G 

Kinston,  R.  3 

Hutchinson,  J C 

Charlotte 

2 

Kendrick,  E.  L 

Gastonia 

3 

Link,  W H 

Moores  ville 

4 

Linville  E C.  B 

Winston-Salem 

3 

Luther,  T C 

Candler 

Miller,  S W 

Mount  Ulla 

6 

Rowan  Guernsey  Farm  (Tnc. ) 

Salisbury 

38 

San  Hill  Farm  Life  School 

Vass  , 

9 

Sanford  & Cartner 

Mocks  ville. 

8 

Stabler  S S 

Salisbury 

Stoltz  H J 

Winston-Salem,  R . 7 

J 

NORTH  PAKOTA. 

Glick,  L.  S 

Minot 

2 

Indian  School 

Wahpeton 

2 

Kummor,  Nick 

Walcott 

2 

Find  Gpn  

N eche 

T.irm,  S Ti  

Hope 

1 

Molyneux  Perry 

Grace  City 

6 

Smith  P P 

Sheyenne 

11 

Spires,  0.  K 

Burlington 

12 

Grade. 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  13 


GUERNSEY— Continued . 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


OHIO. 


Allen,  H.  M 

Allwordt,  Martin 

Armstrong,  F.  S 

Baker  & Schumacher. . . 

Bettman,  Irwin 

Bingham,  E.  L 

Bower,  Elmer 

Brown,  Armstrong 

Brown,  Dr.  Harry 

Campbell,  C.  H 

Cobourn,  A.  G 

Circle  “W”  Farm 

Conkle,  C 

Cope,  Roy  E 

Cunningham,  B.  L 

Engle,  E.  G 

Floding,  Fred  W 

Hast,  A.  W 

Huffine,  O.  P 

Jackson,  Champ 

Keller,  Ira 

Kreider,  John  F 

Licking  Creamery  Co . . . 

Lyle,  James  D 

McBane,  W.  S 

McCammon,  H.  C 

McConnell,  C.  Miller 

Martin,  Joseph 

Myers,  V.  R 

Newman,  Walter 

Painter  & McPeek 

Palm,  Charles 

Patton,  Jay  B 

Rummel  Bros 

Shantz,  John 

Shoemaker,  W.  A 

Siniff,  G.  L 

Steiner,  Emmitt 

Steiner,  Ivan 

Tarbet,  E.  E 

Telling-Belle  Vernon  Co 

Treat,  H.  W 

Warrington,  Thos.  C. . . . 

Wilderson,  C.  G 

Williamson,  A.  B 

Williamson,  R.  R 

Win  wood,  G.  W.,  jr 

Zeis,  Floyd 

Zellar,  John 


Troy 

Gibsonburg 

Elkton 

Hiram 

Silverton 

Rutland 

North  Canton. . 
Apple  Creek. . . 

Blacklick 

St.  Clairs ville . . 

Greenford 

Gates  Mills 

Layland 

Leetonia 

Pataskala 

North  Benton.. 

Leetonia 

Berlin  Heights . 

Van  Wert 

Lake 

Prospect 

Ohio  City 

Newark.' 

St.  Clairs  ville. . 
East  Liverpool. 

Lisbon 

West  Salem — 

Monroeville 

Rockford 

Jefferson 

Hanover 

Bell  ville 

St.  Clairsville. . 

Medina 

Morral 

Dayton 

Ohio  City 

Orrville 

Wooster 

Bellaire 

Willoughby — 

Tallmadge 

Saiem 

Leetonia 

Greenford 

Pataskala 

Springfield 

Tiffin 

Ranoverton. . . 


39 

13 

4 

3 

7 

1 

1 

1 

7 

7 

13 

34 

20 

10 


16 

16 

11 

17 

15 

6 

5 

24 

4 

14 
23 
20 

1 

1 

6 

5 
1 
7 

17 

32 

1 

15 
29 

13 

7 
10 

6 

8 

36 

5 

7 

1 

14 
3 


4 


3 

3 

3 
6 

4 
9 

11 


12 


13 


3 

2 

5 


6 


19 

4 

2 

10 

17 

6 


1 

17 


9 

63 

24 


1 

4 
10 
16 

2 

5 


Purviance,  J.  A. 


OKLAHOMA. 


Guthrie 


35 


OREGON. 


Anderson,  Ralmar. 
Beckman,  H.  F — 

Curry,  A.  B 

DeJong,  Mary 

Elmer,  Sam 

Hawley,  C.  L 

Stangel,  Frank  H.. 
Voget,  Octav 


Blind  Slough. 

Sherwood 

Hillyard 

Blind  Slough. 

Mulino 

McCoy 

Sherwood 

Hubbard 


6 

5 


7 
17 

6 

8 


15 


40 

10 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Anderson,  John  O 

Archer,  Miss  Caroline 

Artman,  Mrs.  E.  E 

Beeman,  S.  C. 

Bowman,  John  L 

Bowman,  J.  W 

Brenner,  B.  F 

Brobst,  Chas.  & Lloyd 

Brown,  Earl  W 

Burnham,  Robt.  C.  & R.  M. 

Butler,  O.  W 

Colton,  J.  B 


Mercer,  R.  1 

Reading,  Flying  Hill  Farms. 

Pulaski,  R.  62 

Brook  ville,  R.  4 

Stillwater,  R.  1 

Millville 

Rochester,  R.  1 

Bloomsburg,  R.  1 

Titusville,  star  route 

Strattonville 

Wellsboro 

Carlton 


2 

28 


8 

6 

8 


3 

6 


9 


17 

5 

10 

IS 

1 


17 

14 

12 


15 

26 


14  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

G U ERNSEY — Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred.  ! Grade. 


Pennsylvania — continued . 


Coulter,  M.  G 

Covert,  A.  M 

Craig,  T.  R 

Cullum,  J.  Barlow 

Dickey,  Robert 

Emmons,  Louis  C 

Evoy,  Chas.  H 

Fergus,  Hugh 

Ferguson,  R.  H 

Flory,  W.  Bradford 

Fox,  J.  M 

Freshcom,  C.  A 

Fullerton,  C.  Dale 

Fuherton,  James  N 

Gable,  Lowell 

Gernert,  Spencer 

Graybill,  A.  S 

Grimes,  M.  J.,  & Bro 

GrolT,  Chas.  A 

Haines,  Wm.  J 

Hall,  Harry  G 

Hartenbach  Bros 

Hartman,  Charles 

Harvey,  A.  F 

Hughes,  J.  N 

Hurley,  Wm.  W 

Hyde,  T.  E 

Ikeler,  J.  Harold 

Indiana  County  Home 

Jones,  Mrs.  K.  M.,  Ammerman,  R.  S., 

& Jones,  II.  P 

Kline,  Blake  E 

Kline,  J.  Frank 

Little,  P.  J 

Longwood  (Inc.),  Malcolm  Farquhar, 
manager. 

Luden,  Mr.  & Mrs.  W.  H 

Maule,  E.  & Co 

Maule,  Edwin  B 

McFarland,  M.  E.  & R.  B 

Mensch,  Frank 

Miller,  J.  E 

Mitchell,  B.  B 

Naylor,  F.  L 

Oesterling,  Lewis 

Ogden,  John  C 

Paden,  Milo  D 

Patterson,  Geo.  H 

Patterson,  W.  E 

Pizor,  F.  W 

Phillips,  M.  T 

Reed,  C.  E 

Reefer,  John 

Rider,  J.  L 

Ruckle,  Stanley  E 

Shaffer,  Miss  J.  Elizabeth 

Sherer,  C.  R 

Shook,  C,  D.  & C.  F 

Smith,  J.  Iden 

Smith,  S.  Wilfred 

Tennant  & Bradshaw 

Thompson,  A.  A 

Thompson,  A.  E.  & Son 

Thomson,  Frank  G 

Townsend,  S.  W 

Trees,  J.  C 

Tyson  Bros.  (Inc.) . 

Wachsmuth,  C.  A 

Wells,  Irwin  I 

Whitehead,  P.  B 

Worley,  Clyde  M 

Wright,  H.  Greeley 

Young,  Ed.  H 

Witherspoon,  S.  H 


Grove  City,  R.  16 

Evans  City 

Sligo 

Reading,  R.  2 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  2 

Swarthmore 

Rushland,  Sleepy  Hollow  Farm 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  2,  Amity  Farm 

Kirkwood 

East  Stroudsburg 

Foxburg,  Mansion  Farm 

Zelienople,  Maple  Grove  Farm 

Edinburg,  R.  2,  Maple  Lawn  Farm. . . 

Edinburg,  R.  2 

Wyebrooke 

Columbia  Cross  Roads,  R.  3 

Bird  in  Hand 

Catawissa 

Skippack 

Blue  Bell,  Cherry  Hill  Farm 

Stewartstown 

Manaca 

Gratz 

Titusville,  R.  3,  Shelmedine  Dairy 
Farm. 

Mercer,  R.  1 

New  Hope,  R.  R.,  Hurley-Hurst 
Farm. 

Bloomsburg 

Millville 

Indiana 

Danville,  R.  1 

Orangeville,  R.  1 

Bloomsburg,  R.  6 

Ebensburg 

Kennett  Square 

Reading,  Riviera  Farm 

Westgrove 

Coatesville,  R.  5,  Sunny  bank  Farm. . . 

Pulaski,  R.  62 

Bloomsburg,  Valley  View  Farm 

Rohrsburg,  Lone  Oak  Farm 

Troy 

Jackson  Center,  R.  19 

Butler,  R.  2 

Johnstown 

Poland,  Ohio,  R.  1 

Belle  Vernon 

Enon  Valley 

Mercer,  R.  6 — 

Pomeroy 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  5 

Zehenople,  R.  1 

Catawissa,  Pleasantview  Farm 

Bloomsburg,  R.  2 

Etters,  R.  1 

Edinburg,  R.  2 

Spring  Mills 

New  Hope,  R.  1.,  Maple  Knoll  Farm.. 
Buckmanviile,  Pleasant  Valley  Farm. . 

Slippery  Rock 

Uniontown,  Oak  Hill  Farm 

Grove  City,  R.  17 

Devon,  Brookmead  Farm 

Cochran  ville 

Mars,  Mapledale  Farm 

Floradale 

Butler,  star  route 

Fricks  Lock 

Quakertown,  R.  1 

Mercer,  R.  2 

Canton,  R.  2 

New  Castle,  R.  6 

Enon  Valley,  R.  1 


10 


5 

1U 

4 

6 

13 

14 

4 

6 

7 

23 

8 

11 

7 

16 

2 

8 

6 

30 

12 

9 

12 

3 

20 

23 

20 

19 

23 

2 

8 

10 

4 

1 

43 

6 

9 

16 

1 

33 

3 

15 

16 

5 

12 

8 

14 

6 

14 

1 

13 

9 

i 

20 

14 

20 

9 

30 

1 

27 

29 

37 

12 

8 

1 

20 

29 

6 

1 

12 

5 

10 

63 

6 

3 

8 

6 

3 

10 

6 

11 

60 

3 

1 

11 

10 

12 

3 

19 

1 

8 

4 

14 

21 

24 

7 

1 

11 

16 

37 

11 

1 

14 

72 

9 

3 

20 

43 

2 

14 

5 

3 

32 

10 

25 

1 

10 

3 

19 

2 

12 

1 

10 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  15 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re; 

1 Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Rock  Hill,  R.  1 

12 

4 

Darlington 

6 

27 

Gettys,  N.  P 

10 

58 

Green  Sea 

2 

15 

Darlington 

23 

4 

do 

7 

12 

Elliott 

1 

38 

16 

7 

Elliott 

26 

6 

2 

13 

19 

Ware  Shoals  Manufacturing  Co 

Ware  Shoals 

31 

9 

Wheeler /VV.  S 

Saint  Charles 

10 

22 

1 

10 

UTAH. 

Allen,  A.  E 

10 

26 

Clover  Leaf  Dairy,  F.  E.  Bagley 

5 

38 

Cobley,  A.  E "... 

13 

10 

do -N 

19 

13 

VERMONT. 

Bicknell,  p.  W 

Norwich 

22 

Bisbee,  B.  D.  . 

Waitsfield 

18 

Bliss,  R.  F 

Montpeiier  

1 

5 

Bradley,  J.  W 

Norwich 

14 

Bromley,  Kent  & P.  D 

East  Corinth 

10 

Carpenter,  H.  M 

Moretown ' 

41 

Chamberlin,  W G 

Barre  

2 

24 

Churchill,  C.  H.,jr 

Pittsford 

26 

Collins,  C.  H 

Plainfield  

12 

28 

Darling,  W.  F 

Groton  

3 

9 

Davenport  & Glidden 

W est  Addison  

25 

Dodge,  C.  A 

Barre  

5 

34 

Durivage,  M.  C . 

Lowell  

32 

Elliot  Bros 

Barton 

40 

Farrington,  F.  H 

Brandon  

6 

8 

Foote,  Charles  H 

Burlington  

21 

Gokey,  F.  N 

Plainfield 

29 

Goodwin,  I.  H 

Groton 

4 

15 

Hall,  I.  N 

do  

7 

34 

Holbrook,  F.,  Estate,  Scott  Farm 

Brattleboro 

5 

10 

Jones,  F.  C 

Saxtons  River 

7 

11 

Johnson,  John,  D.  W.  Blodgett,  mana- 

Montgomery Center 

28 

ger. 

Keating,  W.  H 

West  Lebanon 

37 

Kidder,  F.  Thomas 

W oodstock  . 

11 

17 

King,  Roy 

Greensboro  Bend 

20 

Kingsbury,  T.  W 

Cavendish 

28 

Kingsbury,  H.  S 

do 

14 

Kingsley,  Guy 

Lowell 

16 

Lyons,  E . M.'. 

Barre 

1 

3 

McDonald,  Charles 

Topsham 

7 

29 

Miles,  J.  F 

East  Corinth 

3 

3 

Miller,  J.  D 

Groton 

10 

15 

Moody,  M.  H.,  Meadow  Farm 

Waterbury 

42 

Nelson,  S.  F 

East  Ryegate 

4 

49 

Perley,  A.  W 

East  Berkshire 

61 

Phillips,  T.  R 

Montpelier 

12 

10 

Sargent  & Baird 

Chittenden 

33 

5 

Shumway,  C.  J 

Bradford 

4 

26 

Skinner,  D.  H 

Waitsfield 

22 

10 

Smith,  David  H 

Greensboro  Bend 

3 

21 

Smith,  J.  J.  & Son 

South  Newbury 

5 

35 

Stevens,  Charles  H 

St.  Johnsbury 

29 

21 

Story,  George  E 

Essex  Junction 

30 

Varney,  Howard  & Son 

South  Strafford 

32 

Vermont  Marble  Co: 

Reynolds  Farm 

Proctor 

62 

Douglas  Farm 

83 

Goodno  Farm 

do 

85 

Wark,  Charles 

St.  Johnsbury i 

3 

33 

16  Department  Circular  lb3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Vermont — continued. 

Wedge,  Mrs.  M.  E 

Grand  Isle 

16 

Welch,  Carlos  B 

Barre 

27 

Welch,  W.  F 

Bethel 

32 

Whitman,  Levi 

Wells  River 

27 

Wilcox,  F.  H 

Randolph  Center 

27 

Wilder,  L.  0 

9 

36 

Woodbury,  U.  A.,  2d 

Burlington 

42 

VIRGINIA. 

Adams,  James 

Fairfax 

34 

Allison,  L.  M 

Remington 

12 

Ankersi  M.  A 

Sterling 

15 

Ashby,  0.  L 

Ashburn 

13 

Bailey  & Dofflemoyer 

Berry  ville 

17 

Birdsall,  W.  G 

Pur  cell  ville 

20 

Bispham,  N.  C 

Remington 

60 

Blount,  W.  E 

Bluemont 

15 

Bosweli,  H.  E 

Burke  ville 

45 

Bowen,  M.  J 

Mechum  River 

31 

Braden,  0.  S 

Paeonian  Springs 

2 

5 

Branch,  Harrison 

Hamilton 

1 

14 

Buhrman,  A,  W 

Abingdon 

3 

32 

Clopton,  J.  l£ 

Remington 

18 

Curtice,  Hosea 

Fairfax 

2 

7 

Day,  C'.  F 

Catlett 

10 

DeKay,  H.  E 

Ashburn 

43 

Dellinger,  0.  C 

Woodstock 

2 

4 

Dillon^J.  D 

Purcellville 

3 

3 

Farrar,  W.  B 

! Burkeville 

15 

Ferney hough,  J.  G 

Richmond 

11 

Flatten,  G 

Norge 

10 

Gold,  H.  B 

Winchester 

13 

Gregg,  E.  B.,  & Son 

Hamilton 

2 

39 

Harrison,  H.  T 

Leesburg 

8 

Hay,  W.  J 

Ashburn 

10 

Hess,  J.  R 

Leesburg 

9 

23 

Hirst,  E.  H 

Purcellville 

1 

65 

Hirst,  Mrs.  J.  T 

do 

27 

Hofferberth,  C.  A 

Ashburn 

2 

8 

Humbert,  J.  L 

Charlottesville 

5 

2 

Jones,  Ben  G 

Herndon 

10 

Keene,  B.  B 

Sterling 

26 

Kindig,  C.  D 

Waynesboro 

3 

10 

Kirkpatrick,  Edgar 

Ashburn 

1 

35 

Kirkpatrick,  W 

80 

Lee  & Coates 

Leesburg 

4 

37 

McSpadden,  W.  P 

Bealeton 

13 

Miller,  M.  E 

Vienna 

1 14 

Miller  School 

Crozet 

4 

| 147 

Moore,  Thos.  L 

Rio  Vista 

1 

58 

Munday,  L.  W 

Vienna 

18 

Nash.  W.  T 

Remington 

i 

19 

Nichols,  J.  V 

Purcellville 

3 

68 

Nickell,  R.  B 

Herndon 

1 

34 

Norman,  W.  F 

Purcellville 

12 

Olinger,  J.  P 

Remington 

26 

Pancoast,  J.  L 

Fredericksburg 

1 

38 

Parrish,  J.  Scott 

Drewry’s  Bluff 

6 

14 

Patrick,  N.  R 

Rustburg 

14 

53 

Peyton,  W.  D 

Fredericksburg 

22 

Pfalzgraf,  A 

Fairfax 

19 

Presgraves,  W.  N 

Lincoln 

16 

Rawlings  & Roller 

Staunton,  R.  R 

12 

26 

Reid,  Geo.  W.,  jr 

Remington 

22 

Rice,  C.  T 

Oakton 

16 

17 

Roller,  E.  C. . . . 

Staunton 

3 

17 

Rosser,  Thos.  L.,  jr. 

Charlottesville 

9 

St.  Joseph  Institute 

Bristow 

18 

Sandy,  T.  0 

Burkeville 

2 

57 

Saunders  & Myers 

Leesburg , 

26 

46 

Saunders,  W.  D. . 

Ferrum 

120 

Sellers,  W.  A . 

Burkeville 

2 

9 

Shaeffer,  F.  R.  L 

Fincastle,  R.  2 

3 

13 

Shank,  E.  C 

Wavnesboro 

18 

9 

Show  alter,  M.  1 

Harrisonburg 

13 

Stroud.  M.  K 

Herndon 

9 

11 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  17 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 


Thompson,  W.  L. 
Wakeman,  H.  H. 

Ware,  Jas.  T 

Watkins,  E.  A . . . 

Weaver,  S.  B 

Willis,  M.  H 

Wilson,  W.  H.... 
Wortman,  C.  T... 
Wortman,  L.  W. . 


Ankeny,  J.  D . . 
Bateman,  H.  W 
Douglas,  H.  B.. 
Hansen,  Martin. 
Jacobson,  Nels.. 


Allison,  E.  H 

Barney,  W.  J 

Bloch,  J.  A.  & H.  S. 

Bonar,  G.  W 

Bonar,  C.  L 

Bromer.L.  W 

Cox,  J.  B 

Dodds,  John  R 

Emsley,  J.  E 

Fischer,  W.  A 

Lowery,  Wm.  L 

McColloch,  Wm 

McCombs,  C.  W 

McCoy,  Geo.  P 

Milliken,  J.  P 

Montgomery,  W.  D.. 

Pope,  Charles 

Powell,  D.  H 

Roth,  Annie 

Ruble,  Chas.  W 

Thornburg,  H.  L 

Wallace,  Bros 

Whitecotton,  Lester. 

Winters,  Nick 

Wolf,  E.  O 


Adams,  Geo.  W 

Anderson,  Guy  C. . . 
Anderson,  Theo.  A. 
Andrew  & Nelson . . 

Arnold,  Adolph 

Bailey,  Floyd 

Bamber,  W.  P 

Bandy,  F.  J 

Basse,  A.  G 

Basse,  W.  H 

Beckwith,  J.  R 

Beglinger,  Fred  G . . 
Bennett,  Mrs.  A.  F. 
Berendsen,  Bernard 

Berg,  John  I 

Berge,  Anton  O 

Berge,  Oscar  G 

Berge,  Otis  I 

Bestul,  M.  J 

Bonsack,  H.  M 

Bloom,  John 

Breidenbach,  J.  G . . . 

Brown,  Harry  H 

Brown,  Henry 

Browning,  J.  O 

Brubakken,  Adolph , 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Address. 


r 


Purebred.  ; Grade. 


Virginia— continued . 


Purcellville 

Toms  Brook 7! 

Rapidan 4' 

Goldleaf 1 

Waynesboro 2 

Fredericksburg 3 

Purcellville 

Ashburn 

do 2 


41 

13 

51 
' 15 
9 
2 
55 
19 
10 


WASHINGTON. 


Walla  Walla 
Bellingham. 

Ferndale 

Walla  Walla 
Lynden 


28 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 


Short  Creek 

Triadelphia,  R.  1 

Wheeling 

Short  Creek 

do 

Wheeling,  R.  2 

West  Alexander,  Pa 

do 

West  Liberty 

Triadelphia 

Falling  Waters 

Wheeling,  R.  1 

Wheeling,  R.  2 

Short  Creek 

Triadelphia,  R.  2 

Triadelphia 

Triadelphia,  R.  1 

Elm  Grove 

Triadelphia,  R.  1 

Wheeling,  R.  2 

Falling  Waters 

West  Alexander,  Pa.,  R.  R 

Elm  Grove 

Triadelphia 

West  Alexander,  Pa.,  R.  R. 
Wheeling,  R.  2 


5 

11 


2 


2 

2 


1 


4 


1 

1 


1 


1 


42 

28 


10 

11 

17 

12 

31 

14 

12 

12 

14 

1G 

10 

10 

16 

16 

24 

11 

17 

11 

12 

10 

11 

25 
13 
22 
12 


WISCONSIN. 


Nashotah 

Ogdensburg. . . 
Grand  Rapids 
Livingston.... 
Whitewater... 

Prescott 

Sparta 

Wausau 

Milwaukee 

do 

Barron 

Fisk 

Eau  Claire 

Phlox. 

Holmen 

Valders 

do 

do 

Scandinavia. . . 

Onalaska 

Fisk 

Marshfield 

Eau  Claire 

Holmen 

Eau  Claire 

Northland 


19 

10 

15 

4 

8 

11 

22 

14 

1 

14 

20 

14 

4 

12 

5 

17 

20 

11 

29 

4 

14 

21 

15 

11 

9 

12 

6 

25 

11 

13 

22 

12 

11 

6 

20  I 

24 

30 

3 

7 

21 

.0 


12650°— 20- 


18  Department  Circular  ik3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


GUERNSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  rei 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Wisconsin — continued. 

Brunstad,  G.  A 

A 

90 

Burhapp,’  Win 

Marshfield 

D 

8 

6a 

15 

Burnham,  D.  F.: 

Farm  No.  1 

9 

07 

Farm  No.  2 

O 

At 

Oft 

Butterfield,  F.  L 

& 

Ao 

on 

Cameron,  Duncan  M 

Chippewa  Falls 

o 

oil 

90 

Campbell,  N.  H 

o 

A\J 

on 

Cartwrigh't,  I.  W 

New  Auburn 

« 

GU 

10 

Chapin,  Ed 

Iola 

21 

Christensen,  Hans 

Cashton 

22 

Christianson,  W.  R 

Horton  ville 

1 ^ 

Clark,  D.  F.,  & Son 

27 

io 

oi 

Clark^  Jay./. 

2 

A*k 

Oft 

Coombs,  Ray 

40 

Ao 

1 

Cotton,  J.  T~. 

3 

13 

Courteen,  Sidney 

0 conomowoc 

44 

Cox,  Harry  I 

Whitewater 

15 

Danks,  Dell 

Stoughton 

19 

Dawley,  Dr.  Geo.  F 

New  London 

29 

Dawley’  Wesley 

Cataract 

13 

Dawney,  Theron  A 

Bloomer 

20 

Dickson  Bros 

3 

oo 

Dietz  Bros 

18 

AA 
1 Q 

Dietzler,  Chas 

lJ7 

12 

Duncanson,  W.  E 

Sparta 

14 

Engel,  A.  0 

12 

97 

Everit,  August 

5 

At 

91 

Ewings,  M/C 

12 

Ol 

q 

Faltz,  Philip 

Donsman 

5 

o 

Oshkosh 

6 

AO 

28 

Fellancf,  J.  E 

Mauston 

19 

Follstad,  Anton 

Elcho 

10 

Foote  Bros 

Rush  Lake 

12 

7 

Franciscan  Nuns 

Cnnn  Valley. _ 

13 

23 

Frauenheim,  0.  R 

Random  Lake 

29 

Fried,  Wm.  J 

Fnnnta.i'n  City 

g 

17 

Gaubatz,  Herman 

Chilton 

18 

1/ 

9 

Gibson,  C.  N 

Eau  Claire 

i 

A 

27 

Giese  & McDonald 

Stevens  Point, 

14 

1 1 

Glazier,  R.  L 

Baraboo 

li 

13 

Glocke,  A.  A 

Weya.nwega 

12 

10 

Goff,  Moulton  B 

Sturgeon  Bay 

28 

Graham,  R.  H 

Roberts  

12 

20 

GuptilL  R.  P 

Elcho 

20 

Haag,  Julius 

Ma.lone 

3 

1 1 

Haag,  Wm 

Marshfield . . . 

16 

11 

A 

Halbert,  J.  H 

Augusta. . _ 

12 

Hanchett,  Wm.  H.,  Farm  No.  1 

Sparta 

26 

io 

5 

Hargrave,  A.  W 

Ripon  . . 

20 

c 

Hargrave,  R.  0 

R oberts  r , 

13 

o 

9 

Hargrave,  W.  E 

14 

A 

9 

Harman,  Wm 

Arkansaw 

3 

ift 

Harmeling,  B.  B.,  & Sons 

Oostburg 

lo 

18 

Hass,  Edwin  j 

New  Holstein 

14 

Haugen,  Ole 

Stanley 

19 

Herbert,  Harry 

Ogdensburg 

9 

30 

Herman,  M.  J 

Abbotsford 

20 

Hickcox,  J.  Gilbert 

Whitefish  Bay 

31 

K 

Hill,  P.  W 

Arkansaw 

o 

26 

Hill,  Frank  L 

Cadott 

18 

Holeton,  R.  C 

Wausau 

11 

Hoppert,  Chris 

Sheboygan 

9 

19 

Hotz,  E.  A 

Scandinavia 

32 

Humphrey,  Evan 

Sparta  . . 

4 

17 

Husor,  E.,  & Son 

Cumberland 

7 

i / 
90 

Ingalls,  G.  R 

Eau  Claire 

20 

A\J 

7 

Jacklin,  B.  A 

Waupaca 

20 

9 

Jacobson,  Carl  J 

Scandinavia 

16 

Jamison,  R.  C 

Appleton ... 

12 

k 

Joch,  Chris.,  & Son 

Weyauwega 

4 

o 

18 

Johnson,  Alfred 

Cataract .... 

5 

10 

Johnson,  C.  H 

Unity  .. 

3 

22 

Johnson,  G.  A.,  & Sons 

Ogdensburg 

20 

Johnson,  James  M 

Lavalle 

21 

Kersten,  Frank  R 

Janesville 

7 

9 

Kickbusch,  Paul 

Wausau 1 

15 

9 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  19 

* 

GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Wisconsin — continued. 

Kiel,  Geo.  W 

20 

24 

2 

10 

o 

10 

Krings,  Thomas 

18 

Langdell,  S.  C 

18 

12 

Larimer,  Norman  G 

Blue  River 

16 

Larson,  Michael,  jr 

4 

14 

Laurence,  A.  W. 

19 

Lawson,  <3eo.  D 

9 

Lawson^  Wilbur 

19 

6 

6 

Lee,  Ludwig  L 

31 

22 

i 

Liebzeit,  Albert 

11 

18 

Loether/E.  J 

13 

Lohrenz,  Edw.,  & Sons 

11 

15 

Lonsdorf,  Wm. 

17 

Lovejoy,  Hiram  D 

West  Salem 

31 

Lueders’  Albert 

Reedsburg 

8 

McCarthy,  Wm 

12 

15 

McDonald",  Robt.  K 

Stevens  Point 

21 

McKerrow",  Geo.,  & Sons  Co 

Pewaukee,  Farm  N o.  3 

14 

Madison,  Henry ! 

20 

Mai  in,  A . J 

15 

g 

Mating  John  C 

do 

3 

13 

Malin^  Mrs.  M 

9 

14 

Maule  Brothers 

20 

Mayer,  Christian 

3 

14 

Meltz/Emery  C 

Appleton 

24 

Milner,  Geo.  F 

Baraboo 

6 

g 

Momer,  Arvid 

Prentice 

5 

7 

Muench,  Andrew 

Bloomer 

2 

21 

Mueller,  Philip  H 

Almena 

3 

23 

Munn,  Dr.  W.  A 

Janesville 

35 

Mytton,  Frank 

Wittenberg 

H 

Nelson,  John 

Cadott 

4 

28 

Nelson,  John  A 

Barron 

35 

Nelson,  Wm 

Oshkosh 

4 

29 

Nordb  ye,  CarlC 

Amherst  Junction. . . . 

3 

20 

Nygaard.  P.  P 

Scandinavia 

3 

25 

Oleson,  A.  0 

Livingston 

32 

1 

Oleson,  Otto 

Westbv 

12 

22 

Olson,  CarlC 

Holmen 

2 

26 

Olson,  Mrs.  S.  B 

Elderon 

12 

Onsrud,  Ben  A 

Stoughton 

12 

11 

Ora,  H.  F 

Manawa 

11 

A 

Overton,  R.  K.,  & Son,  Farm  No.  1 

Beloit 

9 

D 

12 

Pace,  C.  W.,  & Son 

Mondovi 

24 

in 

Pansie,  Geo 

Fisk 

1 

1U 

Pattee,  J.  R 

Markesan 

10 

J.O 

o 

Pattee,  W.  D 

Waupun 

21 

o 

9 

Peik,Carl  J 

Chilton 

g 

20 

Peterson,  Arthur  H 

Nelsonville 

11 

1 

Peterson,  P.  T 

Medford 

8 

3 

Philli  ps , E d war  d 

Chippewa  Falls . . . 

19 

Queen,  P.  A 

Scandinavia 

21 

Rather,  Armand  P 

Peebles 

32 

Reis,  Jos 

Athens 

16 

Reitz,  Geo.  L 

15 

12 

Reitzow,  Robt.  A 

Edgar 

8 

4 

Rice,C.  C 

Northland 

10 

Rice,  Ernest  E 

Ogdensburg 

13 

Ritland.Carl 

Chippewa  Falls 

9 

H 

Rockwell,  C.  E 

Whitewater 

13 

Roman,  F.  E 

Weyauwega 

16 

Ross.  Joel  W 

Oshkosh . . 

16 

9*1 

Ruelke,  Chas 

Ogdensburg. . 

5 

40 

17 

Runde,  Frank 

Sinsinawa 

22 

17 

Rundell,  DaleE 

Livingston 

68 

Rundeli,  Homer  F 

85 

g 

Rupple,  S.  G 

Medina 

3 

12 

Sandman,  Wm.  D 

Holmen 

18 

22 

Sauberlich,  T.  H 

Appleton 

27 

Sawyer,  Edgar  P 

Oshkosh 

23 

Saxe,  Claire  R 

Mondovi 

22 

Saxe  & Bourget 

2 

28 

Schaude,  Edwin  J 

"Whitewater I 

11 

20  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


GUERNSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

1 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

■ tested  wit  fa- 
actors  . 

Grade. 

Wisconsin — continued . 

Schantz,  Jos 

Snarta 

10 

Schxnit,  Chas 

Northland 

Hortonville . . 

11 

Schneider,  Chas 

Cadott 

; o 

21 

Schneider,  John 

Dousman 

3 

20 

14 

Schroeder,  Frank. 

Antigo 

5 

9 

28 

Schwartz  & Williams 

Troy  Center. . . 

& 

IQ  ! 

41 

Setzer,  John  F 

Hillsboro 

lo 

O 

4 

Smith,  Moses 

Cataract 

L 

21 

Solberg,  E.  C 

Snarta 

c 

15 

Stockwell,  W.  J.,  & Son 

Holcombe 

O 

9 

17 

1 o 

Strodthoff , Herman . . . 

Manitowoc 

q 

OK 

Strong,  Chas.  G 

ChiDoewa  Falls . . 

lo 

Ad 

Stroupe,  G.  W 

Whitewater . . 

K 

4u 

Taggart,  W.  H 

Manawa 

o 

28 

12 

Tarr,C.  M 

New  Auburn... 

34 

Thompson,  Adolph 

Wausau 

1 K 

20 

Thompson,  Carl 

Westby 

lO 

2 

Tift’t,  J.  R 

Elk  Mound 

O 

35 

17 

x nuyii  r a-rais. 

Wagner,  J.  B 

Delay  an 

Potosi... 

145 

Q 

84 

Weeks,  John  M 

Chilton 

O 

o 

22 

Weiler,  Peter 

Athens 

o 

16 

on 

Welles,  M.  L 

Rosendale. . . 

l\j 

Wendorf,  Albert 

Shawano. . 

OO 

99 

2 

West,  Pone  N 

Waupaca. . 

A 

1 

Weller,  Wm 

Unity 

23 

1 A 

Whitcomb,  E.  R 

Milwaukee,  Station  C 

OO 

xo 

Wichern,  L.  M 

Baraboo. 

lo 

in 

8 

Wild  Bros 

Elmwood. 

XU 
1 ^ 

8 

Willey,  J.  M 

Holmen. . 

xo 

o 

20 

on 

Williams,  H.  B 

Bear  Creek. 

o 

A3 

Williams,  W 

Snarta..  . 

o 

7 

18 

OO 

Woodard,  0.  C 

Weyauwega 

7 1 

ll 
1 o 

Wrolstad,  M.  J 

Northland 

8 

27 
1 1 

ZempeLRobt 

Weyauwega 

Zielke,  Wm 

Oshkosh 

a i 

XX 

Total  (Guernsey,  United  States) . . 

I 

e±. 

8,849  j 

1/ 

13,921 

HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN. 


ALABAMA. 

Baker,  W.  B 

Birmingham,  R.  R 

1 

103 

Alabama  Technical  Institute  for  Women 

Montevallo 

1 

Black  & Barclift 

Vincent 

DO 

cc 

Edwards,  A.  B 

Selma 

9 

OD 

Kirkpatrick,  C 

0 

1 

11 

OO 

Morris  Pros 

Opelika 

L 

1 

Odd  Fellows’  Home 

Cullman 

1 

1 

29 

OK 

Sarber,  I.  E 

Elmore 

X 

o 

LO 
1 Q 

St.  Bernard  College 

Cullman 

L 

1 

lo 
O A 

Wilson,  A.  H 

Opelika 

Lr± 

28 

ARKANSAS. 

Trustee,  A.  H.  Endowment 

Ninhnlcinn  T TT 

Jonesboro 

28 

1 ” lVUDlOV/Hj  d • X1  

University  of  Arkansas 

. Bentonville 

F ayetteville 

6 

10 

10 

COLORADO. 

Pahgre  Valley  Ranch  Co 

Montrose 

28 

CONNECTICUT. 

Bissell,  Arthur  G 

Suffield  

27 

1 

Calhoun,  J.  E 

New  Milford 

I 

Kl 

Cheney,  Asa 

North  Grosvenor  Dale 

t>± 

10 

Hall,  Gardiner,  ir.,  & Co 

South  Willington 

41 

Hollister,  Burr  A 

Washington 

15 

Hopkins,  J.  E 

Thomaston 

8 

17 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  21 

H OLSTEIN  - FR I ESI  AN— Continued . 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors . 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


Connecticut — continued. 


Hoxic,  Fred 

Keach,  G.  L 

King,  Mrs.  C.  H. 
Lyman,  John  G . 
M'unyon,  Ira  E . . 
Peasley , F.  M. . . 
Peterson,  John  A 
Town  Farm 


Lebanon 

Woodstock  Valley. 

New  Preston 

Norwich 

Thompson 

Cheshire 

Pomfret  Center. . . 
New  Britain 


20 

21 


17 

15 


13 

6 


Armstrong,  B.  V. . 
Gruwell,  Cooper. . . 

Hall.  John 

Insolo,  Herbert  W. 

Jarrell,  Alvin 

Jester,  Walter 

Jester,  Willard 

Lewis,  J.  Edwin  C. 
Schabinger,  J.  H. .. 


Middletown. 

Felton 

do 

Townsend . . 

Felton 

do 

Harrington.. 

Dover 

Felton 


DELAWARE. 


6 


4 


5 

14 


Convent  of  Visitation 

Franciscan  Monastery. . . 

Home  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm 
Markham,  Edward 

May  hew,  L.  E 

Orrison,  John  A 

Pyles,  Samuel  J 

Tenley,  Albert ' ‘ 

Wahler  Bros 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Thirty-fifth  and  Q Streets,  George- 
town. 

Brookland 

Blue  Plains 

Twenty-first  Street  and  Bennings 
Road  NE.,  Washington. 

Twentieth  and  C Streets  NE.,  Wash- 
ington. 

Bright  wood 

Grant  Road,  Chevy  Chase 

Shepherd  Road,  Brightwood 

Wheeling  Road,  Congress  Heights, 
Washington. 


9 

16 

11 

11 

14 

10 


16 

10 

'ii 

32 


17 

11 

17 

17 


De  Be voise,  J.  C 

Estate  of  A.  Swanson. 

Gailbreath,  C.  S 

Glover,  T.  B 

Harris,  C.  G 

Ives,  M.  C.  <fc  Co 


FLORIDA. 


Jacksonville,  R.  box  326 

Miami 

De  Land 

Jacksonville,  R.  3,  box  216 " " 

2225  Boulevard  Avenue,  Jacksonville 
Ojus 


14 


4 

1 


22 

23 

19 

45 

18 

55 


De  Renne,  W.  W 

Georgia  State  Sanatorium 

Lane,  Mills  B 

Lay,  H.  G 

McGarrah,  Sam 

Schurene,  J.  W ' . ] 

State  College  of  Agriculture 

United  States  Penitentiary  Farm. 


GEORGIA. 

Box  481,  Savannah 

Milledgeville 

Savannah,  R.  “B” 

Calhoun 

Americus 

Calhoun 

Athens 

Decautur,  R.  3 


80 

15 


22 


44 


IDAHO. 


Anderson  Bros 

Aldred  & Hansen 

Ashley,  A.  J. . . 

Asbury,  G.  W 

Boomer,  H.  R 

Boesieger,  Anton 

Barney,  Will 

Boss,C.  E 

Beail,S.  G !. 

Boise  High  School  Farm. 

Baer,  Albert 

Brown,  R.  D 

Brown  Bros 

Clark  & Hastings 

Cleary,  M.  C 

Covington,  E.  T.,  & Son. 

DeMyers,  Edward 

Dickerson,  T.  L 

Ducommun,  John 


Rexburg 

Weiser 

Paris 

Weiser 

New  Plymouth 

Shoshone 

Lewisville 

Rogerson 

Payette 

Boise 

Eagle 

Winchester 

Liberty 

Castleford 

St.  Maries 

Rexburg 

Boise 

Rose  well 

St.  Maries 


8 

25 

o 


1 

4 


31 


3 


13 

18 


12 


21 

15 

13 

28 

24 

42 

15 

3 

15 

49 

36 

17 

17 

38 


22  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

Idaho — continued . 

Ducommum.  Steven 

St.  Maries 

44 

Douglas,  G.  Ja 

Meridian 

5 

g 

DeVereL  W.  T 

Cocolalla 

17 

Davis,  It.  T 

5 

Q 

Eberle,  Herbert 

Boise 

15 

Frabrisus,  Hans . 

Hansen 

18 

Fonley,  Si 

4 

3 

Girshman,  S.  C 

10 

Gieseke,  L\  F 

10 

Gage,  Mrs.  R.  G 

15 

Green,  V.  A 

Buhl 

1 

21 

Gurnea,  L.  H 

do 

7 

Gishaihf,  F.  A 

St.  Maries 

1 

12 

Hastings,  F.  W 

Wendell 

10 

1 

Hendricks,  Jas 

2 

10 

Hymas,  Alfred 

15 

Ilymas^  Joseph 

dol 

18 

Hymas^  B.  I* 

do 

1 

28 

Idaho  State  Penitentiary 

Boise 

27 

Icarcello  Bros v. 

11 

Intermountain  Institute 

Weiser 

52 

8 

Johnson,  R.  K 

Gooding 

2 

13 

Johnson^  CarlE 

Idaho  Falls 

18 

49 

Jensen,  J.  E 

2 

6 

Jones,  Walter 

Idaho  Fails 

15 

Jackson,  Henry 

1 

23 

Knight/S.  G.  1 

do 

34 

Kyle,  E.  E 

Post  Falls 

13 

King,  L.  L 

Kuna 

19 

Kriegh,  C.  H 

Buhl 

26 

Keller,  A.  H 

Boise 

15 

Kootenai  Fruit  Growers’  Association 

McArthur 

30 

Lewis,  W.  L 

Kuna 

15 

Lilligard,  Chris 

Boise 

18 

Miller  & Snyder 

do 

19 

Murphv,  Geo 

St.  Maries 

1 

9 

Murphy,  G.  G 

Dietrich 

1 

13 

May,  John 

Granite 

2 

Mariner,  C.  E 

Hagerman 

6 

17 

Mariner,  C.  F.  ..  . 

.do 

1 

10 

Nelson,  David 

Dietrich 

12 

Nelson,  J.  N 

Filer 

6 

8 

Nettisheim,  C.  W 

Rathdrum 

2 

3 

Padgham,  H.  A 

Gooding 

4 

12 

Palmer,  F.  L 

Dietrich 

H 

Pratt,  M.  A 

Jerome 

5 

10 

Perrette,  J 

St.  Maries 

23 

Poulsen,  W.  E 

Liberty 

22 

Pincock,  Geo  A 

Sugar  City 

9 

5 

Randall,  C.  C 

Idaho  Falls.. 

12 

Rea,  J.  A.  

Kuna 

10 

Rigby,  D.  E 

Sugar  City 

2 

16 

Ricks,  Orson 

Rexburg . . . 

2 

10 

Rowell,  V.  A 

Boise 

13 

Records,  Alfred 

Eagle 

2 

12 

Rogers,  M.  A 

.do 

5 

26 

Rocket,  Mark 

St.  Maries 

17 

Rhodehouse,  J.  W 

Parker 

14 

Rippeteau,  J.  A 

Rathdrum 

13 

4 

Roberts,  R.  M 

"Wendell 

10 

Roch,  G.  A.,  & Sons 

Caldwell 

4 

14 

Schuler,  Alois 

New  Plymouth 

21 

3 

Sandgren,  N 

Buhl 

12 

Swanson,  F.  A 

Boise 

12 

Stevens,  O.  H. 

Caldwell 

17 

Streit,  Mrs.  R 

St.  Maries 

15 

Shriner,  Frank 

Weiser 

2 

13 

Scofield,  Ernest 

St.  Charles 

5 

Stone,  Stanley 

Gooding 

15 

Suing,  H.  P 

Careywood 

47 

Smith,  R.  C 

Gooding... 

13 

Trigg,  C.  W 

Post  Falls.. . . 

11 

Towne,  Ira  H 

Dietrich 

15 

Thomas,  W.  B 

Jerome 

i 

10 

Weirich,  H 

Wendell 

17 

Wachow,  H.  J 

Idaho  Falls 

14 

3 

Walbank,  R.  P 

Kuna 

22 

2 

Wheeler,  L.  M 

Boise.  R.  4 

i 10 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  23 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred.  Grade, 

Benton,  Sidney 

ILLINOIS. 

11 

2 

17 

1 

1 

5 

8 

7 

15 

Byers,  J.  W. . ~ 

5 

Bischman,  P.  C 

Monee 

Boltenstern,  Theo 

14 

8 

14 

1 

5 

13 

7 

5 

5 

Braun,  Hy/ 

Bridgelancl,  J.  B 

Buzzard,  A’.  L 

Coe,  Wilbur 

Country  Home  for  Convalescent  Chil- 
dren. 

Craver,  Glen 

West  Chicago 

4 

10 

6 

15 
57 

16 
11 
17 
12 
13 
12 

Elsbury,  Elbert 

Fitsche,Mrs.  M 

Foss,  Chas 

French  Bros 

Galt,  Paul  T 

Sterling 

Gehrig,  A.  W 

2 

Gehrig,  S.  E 

Grab,  George 

Grosenheider,  J.  H 

Hanabarger,  '0.  M 

4 

10 

9 

21 

45 

Haseley , “Albert 

Effingham 

Heckle,  Albert 

4 

1 

35 

12 

14 

Heidenreich,  Ralph 

Henderson  & Low 

Herndon,  I.  C 

Fairbury 

Herrin.  J.  A 

Olnev. 

Hogelshofer,  H.  A 

Dakota  .. 

12 

Howe,  Quincy 

Winslow . . 

g 

Hunt,  H.  H 

Ottawa 

2 

91 

Iliff,  Robt 

18 

Jenuine,  Harry 

Montrose 

7 

Johnson,  Sophie 

New  Douglas 

8 

Jordan,  T.  N 

Urbana . . . 

i 

11 

Krahman,  Bernard 

Effingham 

22 

Lanus,  W.  C 

Montrose 

21 

OA 

Likens,  Grant  S 

Orangeville  - - 

l 

Likens,  Stephen  T 

l 

12 

Lisle  Farm  Co 

Lisle 

120 

Livingston,  Wm.  O 

New  Douglas  .. 

H 

A 

Loy,  Wood 

Effingham 

12 

17 

McLean,  Alex 

Ottawa 

16 

Marten,  Chas 

Effingham . . . 

7 

A 

Marten,  Sam 

13 

ft 

Mecay,  Rufus 

Ottawa 

12 

Melm,  Henry 

New  Douglas 

17 

Melm,  Wm 

9 

4. 

Mohme,  Paul 

9 

Morain  & Whitten 

Trying 

13 

2 

Moss,  Ed 

Paris 

13 

l 

Nierstheimer,  A 

Pekin 

29 

10 

Neuhauser,  Amos 

Eureka 

1 5 

Newman,  Wm 

Metamora 

13 

2 

Nimmo,  Geo 

Fairbury 

31 

4 

Norem,  E.  N 

Ottawa 

l 

19 

Oltmanns,  John  J 

New  Douglas  .. 

n 

Peck  Bros 

Ottawa . . 

4 

o 

on 

Powell,  C.  E 

Polo 

25 

L\) 

Q 

Rathbun,  J.  K 

Lombard 

42 

o 

8 

Roberts  Holstein  Co 

Waterman 

50 

Rosenthal,  H.  C 

New  Douglas. 

10 

Schertz,  Ben 

Roanoke . . 

14 

13 

Stephens,  Chas.  W 

Ottawa 

28 

Stieglitz,  J.  P 

Metamora 

7 

11 

Straus,  E.  A 

Glen  wood 

22 

Taylor  Bros 

Mason 

3 

18 

Thomas,  B.  L 

Ringwood 

21 

Vermilion  County  Farm 

Danville 

1 

16 

Wade,  A.  S 

Mason  . . 

2 

7 

Walter,  Frank  A 

Orangeville 

1 

26 

Wente,  Ferd 

Sigel 

31 

Wente  Bros 

Teutopolis 

3 

20 

Wetzel,  J.  H 

Alhambra 

3 

8 

Wolfe,  Oscar  W 

Winslow 

15 

24  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Bailor,  Charles  O 

Binhack,  George 

Blinn,  Walter 

Busse,  Walter 

Butler  & Son,  Leeburn 

Butler  Bros 

Campbell,  Ross 

Carney  Bros 

Cottingham,  W.  M 

Eastern  Indiana  Hospital  for  Insane 

Edwards,  J.  E 

Fail, Claire 

Farmer,  Charles 

Fechner,  O.  A 

Friedley,  J.  F 

Friend,  Morton 

Goshom,  M.  R 

Hanning  & Son,  J.  H 

Hanning,  W.  A 

Helm,  Lute 

Hogue,  Allen  E 

Indiana  State  Farm 

Janney,  H.  C 

Kaiser,  H.  F 

Kring,  Harry  A 

Linkenmeyer,  M.  C 

Little,  Oliver 

Mangrum,  C.  E 

Marks,  John  G 

Miller  -Will  G 

Moss,  Harry 

Niehaus,  William 

Peters,  John  W 

Pulver,  Earle  C 

Purviance,  M.  R 

Rennoe,  Joseph  A 

Sankey,  Charles  O 

Sargent  Brothers 

Scherer,  Geo.  H.  D 

Schmitt,  Clarence  E 

Schyler,  E.  S 

Seifert,  John  L 

Steele,  D.  D 

Stutsman,  J.  S 

Tatman,  William  H 

Thornburg,  Marvin  H 

Vermillion,  John  C 

Weninger,  B.  F 

Weninger,  G.  H 

White,  Clarence 

Williams,  Burton 

Willson,  Mrs.  Mary  G 

Wolter,  Frank 

Ziese,  Albert  E 

Ziese,  Frank  E 

Zimmerman,  Paul 


Andrews,  L.  J 

Anderson,  A.  J 

Beier,  E.  G 

Besser,  E.  F 

Bullard,  F.  E 

Butterfield,  G.  E 

Cass  Farm  Co 

Christenson,  W.  J 

Cleverly,  J.  H 

Davidson,  U.  G 

Dickman  & Schrank. 

Dreyer,  H.  K 

Fitzsimmons,  H.  S . . 
Ford,  Mrs.  Mary  T. . 

Gleim,  L.  G 

Hagge,  George 

Hamer,  C.  J 

Hanson,  P.  A 


Purebred. 

Grade. 

INDIANA. 

Frankfort 

7 

7 

Princeton 

2 

14 

Marion 

9 

14 

Aurora 

2 

15 

Newcastle 

15 

Brazil 

1 

20 

Sullivan 

11 

3 

Morristown 

17 

13 

Moores  Hill 

12 

Easthaven,  Richmond 

10 

13 

Booneville 

20 

Laporte 

2 

t C 

Oakland  City 

7 

1 

Knox 

i ii 

Bridgeport 

Orland. 

3 

27 

13 

Clay  City 

8 

4 

Evansville 

13 

13 

Chandler 

9 

13 

Moores  Hill 

15 

Vincennes 

10 

20 

Greeneastle 

47 

37 

Alexandria 

8 

Moores  Hill 

1 

1.6 

South  Bend 

11 

1 

Lawren^eburg 

2 

17 

Terre  Haute 

5 

8 

Oakland  City 

8 

2 

Knox 

18 

2 

Aurora 

1 

19 

Center  Point 

16 

19 

Mount  Vernon 

7 

3 

Aurora 

3 

25 

Lowell 

10 

Huntington 

2 

10 

North  Liberty 

2 

22 

Terre  Haute 

1 

16 

Brazil 

29 

1 

Mount  Vernon 

14 

Evansville 

10 

North  Judson 

6 

23 

Mount  Vernon 

5 

3 

Princeton. 

13 

7 

Goshen 

13 

Lowell 

5 

5 

Winchester 

8 

1 

Greencastle 

2 

13 

North  Judson 

2 

16 

6 

8 

Knox 

3 

11 

Muncie 

12 

40 

Osgood 

1 

171 

Gessie 

24 

1 

Crown  Point 1 

19 

12 

4 

Brazil j 

20 

IOWA. 

Des  Moines,  R .6 , 

1 

21 

Sumner 1 

6 

12 

Garner 

19 

5 

Newton j 

9 1 

12 

Thompson 

14 

Swea  City 

25 

Sumner 

69 

10 

Lonerock 

2 

11 

Maxwell 

43 

Algona 

5 

27 

Sumner 

11 

15 

Lonerock 

2 

14 

Granger 

9 

Riceville 

32 

Arlington 

54 

Ledyard 

7 

11 

Waterloo 

17 

Britt 

14 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  25 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Hanson  & Sauerbry 

Iowana  Farms 

Iowa  State  College 

Iowa  State  Institute  for  Feeble  Minded 

Children 

Justice,  Frank 

Kenning,  Henry 

Kirsehman,  Fred  W 
Kjrschm  a n , Henry . 

Kleiss,  Adolph 
Lagescliulte,  Wm 
Lea  vert  on  & Son . 

Loveland,  W.  B.. 

McFadden,  J.  F . . 

Miller,  L.  J. 

Moser,  Gottlieb 

Parsons , Sumner  R . 

Pieplow,  Fred 

Raecker,  Simon 

Robertson,  Thomas 

Snyder,  F.  M 

Stewart,  P.  P 

Thompson,  Walter . 

Walker,  R.  H 

Wilcox,  Edwin 

Wilson,  Gerald 

Yoder,  Sanford  C... 


Albright,  C.  M. 

Bales,  F.  W... 

Bean,  B.  L 

Beyler,  A. 

Bigham,  C.  L 

Barnes,  W.  J 

Bongartz,  Frank 

Coleman,  David,  & Son. 

Collins  Farm  Co 

Diehl  A.  H 

Dressier,  H.  A 

Davis,  F.  F 

Engle  & Son,  E.  S 

Elliott,  F.  A. 

Enns,  P.  W 

Freinmuth,  W.,  & Sons 

Flower,  D.  E 

Goodin,  C.  L 

Gould,  O.  E 

Grossnickle,  L.  L 

Gosney,  B.  R 

Haverty,  P.  H 

Holdeman,  H.  N 

Houk,  Jesse 

Holmes,  J.  F 

Hackney,  F.  S 

High,  O.  G 

Hoch,  Vernon  A 

Hann,  J.  W.,  & Son 

Jansen,  Herbert  W 

Jennings,  R.  W 

Kruger,  H.  W 

Kickapoo  Indian  Training  School. 

Long,  H.,  & Son 

Larson,  A.  D 

Lenhert,  Geo 

Marks,  Thos 

Michelson,  A 

Mast,  J.  P 

Mack,  r.  w 

Moellman,  John  H 

Oliver,  Frank,  jr * . " 

Peterson-Fitzgerald  & Co. .... ... 

Ross,  S.  E...® 

Roney,  A.  M 

Ray,  D.  A. 

Romig,  Ira. 


Purebred. 

iowa — continued . 

Oelwein 

16 

Davenport 

123 

Ames 

23 

Glenwood 

Berwick 

13 

Manson j 

g 

Sumner 

23 

8 

.do 

Waverly 

Granger 

Janesville 

Algona*. 

Wellman 

Sumner 

Irvington 

Aurora 

Waverly 

Des  Moines,  R.  6. 

Marion 

Maynard 

Sumner 

Swea  City 

Monticello 

Thompson 

Kalona 


KANSAS. 


Overbrook... 

Grenola 

Mapleton 

Harper 

Topeka,  R.  1. 

Oswego 

Ellis 

Denison 

Sabetha 

Enterprise. . . 

Lebo 

Americus 

Abilene 

Paola 

Newton 

Tonganoxie . . 

Mulvane 

Derby 

Norton 

Onaga 

Mulvane 

Hollenberg — 

Meade 

Americus. 

Wellington. 

do 

Derby. 

Emporia. 

Humboldt. 

Clay  Center . 

Junction  City. 

Seneca. 

Horton... 

Haddam . 

Lyndon. . 

Abilene . 

Emporia,  R.  2. 

Clay  Center. 

Scranton,  R.  2. 
Longford. 

Olpe 

Danville 

Jamestown.... 

Iola 

Scranton,  R.  3. 

Iola 

Topeka 


145 

38 

7 
3 

8 
10 
12 

9 

"i 

18 

19 

9 

1 

26 

27 

i 

22 

11 

39 
21 


9 

5 

28 

16 

14 

7 

2 

15 

7 

11 

13 

36 

44 

98 

2 

33 

8 

9 

6 

38 

1 

5 

16 

11 

3 

7 

13 

15 

32 

1 

13 

4 

5 

25 

18 

8 

12 

9 

7 

3 

3 

16 

1 

39 

18 

2 

4 

1 

22 

26 

2 

9 

3 

44 

3 

15 

24 

1 

23 

1 

5 

5 

28 

4 

12 

1 

12 

12 

28 

18 

2 

a 

29 

23 

30 

2 

25 

1 

18 

3 

8 

41 

5 

26  Department  Circular  1^3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  rej 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

Kansas — continued. 

Regier,  J.  E 

Whitewater 

10 

Stevens,  Walter  A 

Burdick 

15 

6 

Scruby/W.  D 

Hanover,  R.  4 

14 

Seekainp  & Jeffries 

Mulvane 

20 

13 

Swan  wick,  John 

Oswego 

9 

5 

Shay,  L.  E 

Atchison 

23 

13 

Schneider,  Ben 

Norton  ville 

24 

Tompson/ Zac 

Harper 

7 

Turkic,  H.  D 

2 

13 

Violett,  E.  It 

Fall  River 

16 

1 

Vandeveer,  C.  B 

Ashland 

18 

64 

Williams  <6  Terrill 

Seneca 

34 

Wisner,  Mrs,  Bertha 

Iola 

12 

Wilcox,  A.  B 

Topeka 

50 

Waples,  Fred 

Wichita 

11 

4 

Y oung,  George 

10 

Y oung^  J.  L 

Haddam 

4 

20 

KENTUCKY. 

Alfred,  David 

California 

1 

17 

Adina  Farms 

Dover 

9 

Bailey,  Gilbert  L 

Lexington 

29 

1 

Berea  College 

Berea/ 

24 

64 

Colbert,  E./R 

Boston  Station 

8 

40 

Hebron 

14 

14 

40 

Eisen,  Alfred t 

California 

7 

18 

Far  do,  G.  E.. 

do 

10 

Giltner  Bros 

Eminence 

36 

2 

Harrison,  Albert 

Butler 

14 

Harrison,  F.  P 

do 

1 

11 

Harrison,  F.  W 

Alexandria 

1 

16 

Harrison,  J R 

do 

3 

17 

Haneter,  Lewis 

Buckner 

2 

18 

Herringer,  Alfred 

California 

12 

Hitt,  Roger 

La^Grange 

8 

12 

Kentucky  School  for  Deaf 

Danville 

1 

28 

Leet,  Camden  E 

Glenarm 

17 

McNean,  Sandy 

Alexandria 

1 

14 

Markley,  G.  E 

Foster 

14 

Meyers,  Mrs.  E.,  & Son 

California 

12 

Miliken,  W.  M 

Paducah 

12 

Noertker,  John . 

California 

1 

13 

Peoples,  C.  B 

Butler 

12 

13 

Pogue,  William  E 

Mays  Lick 

2 

13 

Randall,  Harry 

Butler 

18 

Rosensteil,  Sam .... 

Falmouth 

25 

St.  Rose  Priory 

Springfield 

29 

Shaw,  J.  K 

California 

1 

24 

Smith,  Clarence .... 

Crest  wood 

13 

5 

Stewart  Home  . . 

Farmdale 

33 

Taylor,  Fred 

Buckner 

7 

5 

Taylor,  Wm.  H 

Mays  Lick 

9 

7 

Weaver,  Verner 

California 

16 

1 

Wirsch,  John,  sr.. 

do 

14 

LOUISIANA. 

Carter,  W.  A 

Hammond 

5 

30 

East  Louisiana  Hospital  for  Insane 

Jackson 

11 

7 

Hyde?  B T 

Fluker 

10 

Louisiana  State  University . . . 

Baton  Rouge 

17 

Morris-Day  Co 

Kentwood. 

8 

26 

Munch,  Jake 

New  Orleans 

18 

Tarviere  Dairy . . . 

Burwick 

6 

42 

MAINE. 

Additon,  Leslie  F 

Greene 

34 

Alexander,  Harry  L 

Oakland,  R.  33 

8 

9 

Austin,  C.  A 

Greene 

17 

Bailey,  John  H 

North  Vassal  boro 

11 

6 

Bassett,  F.  S 

New  Sharon 

22 

3 

Beckler,  B.  H 

Greene 

5 

10 

Beckler,  G K 

South  Leeds 

14 

Benner,  G P 

Monmouth 

27 

Berry,  H.  P.,  & Son 

Livermore  Falls 

6 

28 

Blaisdell.  T.  W 

Sabattus 

11 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan . 27 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 


Blanch  Bros 

Blanchard,  S.  M 

Bodkin,  A.  H.,  & Son 

Brooks,  F.  C 

Brown,  P.  B 

Brown,  Willie  E 

Bryant,  P.  J 

Burt,  F.  M 

Bussell,  R.  L 

Chamberlain,  G.  A 

Clark,  A.  W 

Clark,  Wm.  T 

Clearwater,  H.  P 

Corz,  H.  W.,  & Son 

Crouse,  Marshall  B 

Cummings,  C.  W 

Daggett,  C.  M 

Davis,  Fry 

Davis,  Lewis  A 

Deering,  Wm.  B 

Dixon,  James  P 

Drew,  J.  M 

Drummond.  F.  C ; 

Edmonds,  A.  C 

Eldridge,  Ralph  W 

Emerson,  Delmont,  & Son 

Emery,  Herbert  G 

Farnham,  H.  W 

Farrington,  A.  H 

Farrington,  F.  B 

Fogg,  Almon  W 

Foss,  Joel 

Foster,  L.  P 

Frank,  W.  C 

French,  Joseph  W 

Galusha,  W.  H ! 

George,  Chas.  W 

Gerald,  Walter 

Gerald,  Wm 

Gile,  Leland  H 

Gilpatrick,  Arthur  W 

Hall,  Harry,  & Son 

Hanson,  Geo.  W 

Hart.  Le  Roy  L 

Hayward,  J.  P 

Hitchings,  Herbert  B 

Hodges,  A.  E 

Holyoke,  John  W 

Howard,  J.  F 

Hoyt,  J.  L.  & W.  A 

Hoyt  & Kneeland 

Hufl,  A.  L " ; 

Ingraham,  J.  W 

Jackson,  Geo.  B 

Jillson,  E.  D 

Johnson,  Nathaniel 

Jones,  John  D 

Jones  Sisters 

Jordan,  Howard  L 

Keddv,  Geo 

Leach,  M.  L 

Lermond,  Richard  J 

Lewis,  C.  E 

Lewis,  Harry  A 

Lewis,  L.  L 

Lincoln,  H .M 

Little, A.  L 

Littlefield,  A.  D 

Lowell, Charles  A 

Lovejoy,  A.  G 

Lyons,  M.  S 

Mahoney,  Geo.  A 

Maine  School  for  Feeble  Minded . 

Mansfield,  Mrs.  B.  B 

Martin,  Dennis  L 

McCready,  R.  H 

McKinney,  H.  B 


Address. 

Cattle  onc< 
out  r< 

Purebred. 

3 tested  with- 
iactors. 

Grade. 

Maine— continued . 

. Lubec 

20 

12 

. Cumberland  Center 

1 

23 

. Cumberland  Center,  R.  1 

5 

8 

Newport 

3 

19 

Augusta 

8 

8 

Waterville 

11 

Freedom 

1 

19 

A 

Wellington 

2 

4 

11 

Waterville 

10 

Castine 

2 

25 

Greenville 

11 

Hallowell 

11 

Mechanic  Falls 

21 

Crouse  ville 

6 

6 

Hebron 

7 

11 

Danforth 

2 

9 

Waterville 

3 

10 

Biddeford 

2 

9 

Hollis  Center 

18 

West  Lebanon 

H 

Greenville 

H 

Waterville 

17 

Monroe 

11 

South  Brewer 

14 

Island  Falls 

25 

3 

Kittery  Depot 

7 

5 

New  Gloucester 

13 

Brewer 

19 

1 

16 

Greene 

20 

Weston 

16 

Unity 

12 

Auburn 

13 

Windsorville 

8 

15 

Greenville 

1 

10 

South  Brewer 

20 

Unity 

4 

6 

16 

Alfred 

1 

19 

Danforth 

18 

3 

Houlton 

6 

22 

Sanford 

16 

Brewer 

2 

8 

Topsham 

13 

Caribou 

27 

Fairfield  Center 

44 

Brewer 

15 

Waterville 

15 

Farmington 

4 

20 

Presque  Isle 

13 

Harmony 

21 

Thorndike 

3 

31 

Waterville 

15 

Greene 

1 

10 

Augusta 

20 

Oakland 

20 

West  Brooksville 

19 

Waltham 

11 

Harmony 

17 

Casco 

11 

Lincoln  ville 

13 

Waterville 

1 

23 

Springfield 

5 

Brewer 

1 

38 

Corinna 

5 

Brewer 

15 

Newport 

13 

Lee 

18 

Norway 

15 

Calais 

22 

Lincoln  ville 

1 

13 

West  Pownal 

38 

Jonesport 

18 

Mechanic  Falls 

2 

14 

Dansforth 

10 

15 

Lincoln  ville |. 

20 

28  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

5 tested  with- 
sactors. 

Grade. 

Maine— continued. 

Merrill,  Alice  F 

Portland . . 

1 

Metcalf,  W.I. 

Farmington. 

1 

A 

15 

Miller,  A.  H 

Lincoln  ville 

23 

10 

Morrison,  Chas.  C 

Hebron 

Maria  ville. . 

7 

8 

3 

Morrison,  Ernest 

Livermore  Falls 

6 

12 

Nash,  Harold  H 

Greenville 

Camden 

4 

K 

53 

Nickless, G.  W 

Freedom 

o 

9 

1 o 

Norton,  B.  0 

Belfast 

in 

1& 

Odiorne,  A.  E.,  jr 

Greene 

1U 

Q 

11 

O'Neil,  Harry 

Fairfield  Center 

5 

1 o 

Page,  Edward  H 

Richmond..  . 

o 

Patterson,  L.  D 

W aterville 

o 

& 
1 7 

Peabody,  R.  T 

Houlton 

1/ 
1 A 

Peabody,  W.  J.. 

Exefter 

i 

7 

10 
^ A 

Pease , Warren  H 

Wellington... 

13 

* 

o 

Pellerin,  Alex 

Oakland 

& 

24 

1 I 

Perkins,  David  B 

Philbrick,  Ralph  E 

Bangor 

11 
1 1 

Philbrook,  Frank  W 

Greene 

12 

11 

Picard  Bros 

Waterville 

0 

40 

Pike,  C.  L 

Lubec 

24 

Plowman,  James  L 

South  Portland 

12 

Potter,  A.  C 

Wyptopitlock. 

4 

7 

Pulkkenin,  Antti 

Livermore  Falls. . . 

# 

90 

Puikkenin,  John 

23 

Pulsifer,  Clarence  S 

East  Poland 

14 

Pulsifer,  C.  L 

do.... 

Q 

Reny  & Son,  Wm 

Waterville 

10 

O 

19 

Richardson,  Ernest  T 

Mount  Desert 

ID 

10 

Richardson,  Geo.  W 

W est  Paris 

5 

Q 

Rideout,  C.  H.,  & Co 

Houlton 

5 

O 

o 

Rines,  J.  Henry 

Westbrook 

16 

A 

Ring,  F.  E 

South  Brewer 

ou 

23 

Robinson,  Irving  W 

Bangor 

18 

IQ 

Robinson,  N.  E 

do 

Ronco,  J.  A 

Waterville 

lu 

20 

Rose,  Ernest  A 

Greene 

12 

2 

Russell,  Abbott  A 

Mechanic  Falls.  . 

14 

1 

Sanborn,  F.  S 

Sabattus 

3 

i 

Q 

Sawyer,  H.  M 

Gray 

1 

y 

on 

Schiilinger  Bros . 

Danforth 

i 

4 

oU 

90 

Schopple,  J.  A 

Machias 

5 

&\J 

7 

Seavey,  Eastmen  P 

Biddeford 

# 

15 

Seeley,  Nemiah  E 

Houlton 

13 

12 

Serois,  Henry 

Oakland 

10 

Sewell,  Edward  L 

East  Lebanon 

21 

Shores,  Harry  C 

Waterville 

15 

Sherrard,  Geo.  E 

do 

U 

Simpson,  H.  M 

South  Brewer 

11 

Si visky,  Frank 

North  Vassalboro 

11 

Small,  Dana  L 

North  Dixmont 

9 

* 

5 

Small,  F.  E 

Freedom 

26 

Smart,  Harry 

North  Dixmont 

16 

Smith,  Edgar  L 

W aterboro 

16 

11 

Smith,  Lemuel  H 

South  Brewer 

12 

Spencer,  Luther  E 

Biddeford 

g 

15 

Spiller,  W.  H 

Gorham 

26 

Stanley,  Daniel  M 

Kennebunkpor  t 

13 

Stanley,  S.  B 

Brewer 

15 

Stetson  Bros 

W aterville 

27 

Stevens,  Winfield 

Harrison 

13 

Strong,  W.  E 

Augusta 

12 

9 

Summit  Lumber  Co 

Davidson 

128 

Thaxter,  Mrs.  Celia  A 

W est  Falmouth  . 

18 

2 

Thompson,  Dr.  John  B 

Machias 

10 

Thompson,  Merle  L 

Jay 

9 

20 

Trafton,  W.  H 

Waterville 

15 

Corinna 

33 

22 

Tyner,  Geo.  ^ 

Mechanic  Falls 

10 

Vigue,  C.  H 

Waterville  

26 

4 

W alker,  Geo.  H . 

Fryeburg 

1 

13 

Ward,  Arthur  N 

Waterville  

6 

6 

Western  Maine  Sanitorium 

Greenwood  Mountain 

8 

19 

Wight,  0.  C.,  & Son 

do 

6 

11 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan  29 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Williams,  J.E 

j 

Maine— continued . 

Oakland 

14 

15 

13 

12 

14 
6 

13 

14 

23 

Williams,  G.  M 

11 

1 

11 

1 

Wing,  Forest  H 

Winslow,  W.  E 

Wood,  John  C 

Greene 

Wright , W alter  P 

Bangor 

Yerxa  Wm.  R 

7 

5 

2 

22 

Young,  C.  C 

WestPownal 

Young,  S.  P 

Anderson,  W.  0 

MARYLAND. 

Anson, F.  H.,  jr 

Indianhead;  post  office  address,  Irro- 
quois,  Falls,  Ontario. 

Forest  Hill 

Bailey,  W.  F 

12 

19 

16 

Ball,S.  M 

Buckeyestown 

! 1 
6 

Blick,  W.  D 

Bliss,  Geo.  R 

Bowles,  M.  W 

15 

16 
18 

Burner,  Grayson 

W alkersville 

Canby , B . J 

8 

Corby,  Chas.  I 

Garrett  Park 

Lander 

Cordell,  J.  W 

24 

22 

12 

1 

18 

11 

Coughlin,  R.  T 

New  Market 

Creagor,  W.  T 

New  Midway 

Crum,  Roy  L 

Walkersville 

10 

Culler,  W.  Walter 

Davis,  L.  A 

Farm,  American  University  Park; 
post  office  address,  1830  Eleventh 
Street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Riderwood 

Hampstead 

Dennis,  John  M 

26 

22 

17 

Ehrhart,John  H 

Eldridge,R.  A 

Hagerstown 

6 

18 

18 

6 

9 

23 

15 

26 

13 

15 

17 

30 

19 

12 

15 

16 
12 

23 
21 
15 
13 

24 
2 
1 

17 

10 

10 

2 

22 

2 

19 

25 
22 
21 
11 
13 
17 

Flook,  J.  Ridgley 

Brunswick 

Fogle,  C.  Walter 

Lewistown 

Garrett,  M.  L 

Brooklandville 

8 

5 

Grove,  Luther 

Hagerstown 

Hedges,  Chas.  H 

Walkersville. 

Hedges,  David  L 

Henry,  John  W.,  jr 

Easton 

Hickman,  Sami.  T 

Silver  Spring. 

Hutchinson,  H.  M 

Cordova 

Kefauver,  A.  C 

Frederick 

Kefauver,  J.  L 

Rockville,  R.  2 

Silver  Spring 

1 

4 

Kelley,  H.  M 

Kiplinger,  Bernard 

Silver  Hill 

Kline,  Rufus  N 

Woodsboro 

Leasure,  Lafayette 

Cumberland 

Lowrey,  Otho  B 

Sharpsburg 

4 

Lydinger,  J.  J 

Cumberland 

McCeney,  W.  H 

Silver  Spring 

5 

6 
11 

1 

5 
12 
15 
12 

6 

Moore,  Sami 

Nigh,  Chas.  B 

Hagerstown 

Pennington,  Mrs.  E.  B 

Kennedyville 

Phillips,  S.  L 

Rockville 

Rams  burg,  Alva  S 

Ellicott  City 

Rathell,  Donald 

Easton 

Remsburg,  Albert  S 

Middletown 

Rench,  Robert: 

Farm  No.  1 

Hagerstown 

Farm  No.  2 

Smith,  Wheeler  A 

Myersville 

14 

2 

39 

Smith,  Wm.  J 

Benson 

Steele,  J.  Harry 

W atersville 

Stine,  J.  Frank 

Forest  Hill 

Willis,  H.  C 

W orton | 

Wilson,  John  A 

Boonsboro 

1 

Windham,  G.  C 

Sandy  Spring 

Wintermoyer,  J.  J 

Hagerstown  R 2 

1 

Zeiler,  J.  D 

Tuscarora 

Zimmerman,  Harry  E... 

Walkersville 

30  Department  Circular  U3,  V.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN — Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


King,  Frederick  A. . . 

MacDougal,  A.  F 

Northfield  Seminary. 


Northboro 

Westford 

Northfield 

MICHIGAN. 


Aldrich,  Hugh  G 

Anderson,  O.  A 

Armstrong,  Mrs.  Bert 

Armstrong  Bros 

Baker,  R.  A 

Becker,  Guy 

Beeson  & Holden 

Berridge,  A.  J 

Bowlby,  Jay  F 

Brewer,  E.  M.,  & Son 

Brower,  R.  D 

Buth  Bros 

Buth,  John  C 

Campbell,  J.  A.,  & Son 

Carr,  Robin 

chiids,  s.  s ; ; ; 

Clayton,  Chas.  J 

Clough,  Vernon  C 

Cook,  Joseph  C 

Copland,  Alexander  W 

Cornell,  Earl  R 

Crandall,  Tracy  F 

Curtis,  N.  S.,  & Son 

Daniels,  M.  ±L,  & Son 

Dutcher,  D.  D 

Emblagaard  Dairy 

Emanuel  Missionary  College ...  . 

Faler,  C.  B ! 

Fleming,  A 

Foster,  W.  C 

Franz,  Geo.  L 

Gamble,  Walter 

Gibson,  Wm.  C 

Gordon,  C.  W 

Green,  B.  H 

Haight,  M.  C 

Haller,  Geo 

Hart,  B.  M 

Hart,  C.  J 

Hart,  Milo 

Harwood,  L.  W. : 

Cessna  Farm 

Wilt  Farm 

Hicks,  Robt.  J 

Hine,  C.  G 

Holcomb,  Mrs.  Alice,  & Son 

Holcomb,  W.  H 

Hoover,  D.  H 

Hopson,  James,  jr 

Hutchinson,  Grover  C 

Jones,  James  B 

Jones  & Lutz 

Keefer,  Fred  A 

Knisel  Bros 

Knopf,  Fred,  jr 

Koeman,  Abraham 

Lange,  Ferd  J 

Lannen,  R.  M 

Larsen,  Peter 

McCrory,  Robt.,  & Son 

McPherson,  M.  J.,  Prospect  Farm 

McPherson,  R.  Bruce 

McNitt,  E.  W 

Michigan  Industrial  School 

Michigan  School  for  Deaf 

Miller,  D.  G.,&  Sons 

Morlock,  E.  IL,  & Sons 

Mimsell,  J.  & E 

Musolff  Bros.  Farm  No.  1 

Myers  Bros 

Parmelee,  W.  D 


Fowlerville 

Kent  City. . . .* 

Fowlerville 

do 

Adrian 

Kendall ! . . . 

Three  Oaks 

Hudson 

Ovid 

Ross 

Hopkins 

Comstock  Park 

Grand  Rapids 

Parma 

Fowlerville 

Manitou  Beach 

Berlin 

Parma 

Howell 

127  Franklin  Street,  Detroit 

Howell 

do 

Adrian 

Okemos 

Owosso 

Marquette 

Berrien  Springs 

Adrian 

Lake 

Morenci 

Eau  Claire 

Caro 

Fowlerville 

.A.. do 

Jasper 

Gobleville 

Howell 

Fowlerville 

Clayton 

Adrian 

do 

do 

St.  Johns 

Rochester 

Oak  Grove 

Linden 

Howell 

Owosso 

Shepherd 

Detroit 

Oak  Grove 

Morenci 

Blissfield 

do 

Holland 

Sebewaing 

Howell 

do 

South  Lyon 

Howell 

do 

Grand  Rapids 

Lansing 

Flint 

Eaton  Rapids 

Fowlerville 

do 

South  Lyon 

Adrian 

Hopkins 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 

. 

Grade. 

10 

9 

1 

97 

24 

14 

6 

5 

6 

11 

12 

8 

24 

30 

2 

15 

2 

19 

2 

18 

22 

21 

13 

30 

11 

7 

21 

3 

11 

40 

13 

1 

19 

15 

2 

20 

23 

70 

12 

13 

14 

19 

7 

23 

25 

2 

24 

12 

3 

20 

1 

12  ! 

1 

33  ! 

14 

1 

15 

25 

1 

15 

18 

25 

24 

21 

8 

16 

2 

19 

26  | 

16  1 

2 

33 

20 

12 

8 

30 

11 

2 

23 

16 

7 

n 

4 

9 

9 

8 

23  ! 

1 

79 

22 

39 

40 

34 

15 

28 

21 

22 

10 

14 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  31 

HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  one 
out  ri 

Purebred. 

e tested  with- 
eactors. 

Grade. 

Pless,  Fred  E 

Potter,  Rhine 

Michigan — continued. 

. Brighton 

29 

.1  *8 

j 1 

17 
12 

■1  6 

• 8 

■ 21 

18 
10 
18 

23 

7 

24 
14 
26 
18 
28 
21 
14 
11 

14 
13 

8 
9 

149 

15 
20 

13 

19 
5 

16 

14 
12 

20 
13 

7 

15 
7 

10 

7 

8 

4 

5 

1 

3 

1 

Pullman,  H.  J 

Rapp,  D.  G 

Rascti,  Robert 

Rasch,  Wm 

Berlin 

Reed,  C.  A 

Reed,  Irvin  E 

Jasper 

Ridenour,  Murrett 

Rising.  H.  E 

Rumsey,  Oscar 

Rundel,  W.  L 

Saline 

Ruttman,  August 

Fowlerville 

Salisbury,  E.  L 

Shepherd 

Schneerer,  Ezra  E 

Rockford 

2 

12 

Schoof.  Wm.  C 

Scott,  Royal  R 

Shady  Knoll  Farms  Co 

2212  Hollywood  Street,  Toledo,  Ohio.. 
Ypsilanti 

Shubel,  Fred  E 

Lansing  .. 

Sindlinger  Bros 

Lake  Odessa 

Smith,  A.  L 

Howell 

Smith,  E.  L 

Adrian 

Sorg,  W endelin 

Oak  Grove 

Spitler,  W.  T 

Owosso 

Switzer,  Geo.  H 

Oak  Grove 

Taft,  P.  M 

1 

Tayer,  Fred  S 

Adrian 

Traverse  City  State  Hospital 

Vanderkarr,  E.  E 

Traverse  City 

Owosso . . . 

Van  Syckel,  Taft 

Stockbridge. 

Voepel,  H.  L 

Sebewaing 

Walker,  L.  R 

Howell 

Wilder,  C.  E 

Grand  Rapids 

Wilson,  C.  A 

Lansing 

Wilson,  C.  W 

Mason 

15 

8 

3 

13 

22 

12 

Wilson,  J.  L 

Grand  Rapids 

Winne,  C.  E 

Adrian  . 

Worthington,  John  W 

Howell 

Yntema,  John 

Hudsonville 

Yerington,  L.  A 

Ross 

Ziegler,  Joseph  L 

South  Lyon  . . 

Agrimson  Bros 

MINNESOTA. 

Sebeka  . 

Agrimson,  Alfred 

Whalan 

Akins,  Arthur  T 

Watertown 

Akins,  Edwin  J 

Mayer 

25 

2 

Allen,  S.  L 

Winnebago 

Almquist,  Jens 

St.  Hilaire 

11 

16 

12 

1 

13 

13 

24 
29 

14 
11 
16 
17 

25 
11 

25 
20 
10 
16 
28 

8 

10 

10 

32 

19 

15 
45 

26 
7 

Amley,  C.  0 

Berlin 

8 

1 

3 

Anderson,  A.  W 

Hallock 

Anderson,  Wm.  E 

Rush  City 

-Anton,  Hans 

St.  Hilaire 

Archer,  M.  L 

Ogilvie 

1 

1 

5 

Ardolf , Jos 

Glencoe 

Atherton,  J.  B.  . . 

Wheaton 

Augustine,  Chas 

Glencoe 

Austin,  E.  J 

Owatonna..  . . 

Avelson,  A 

St.  Hilaire 

1 

Bakken,  Carl  M 

Sebeka 

Ballendach,  M.  H 

Nerstrand 

11 

Bang,  Oliver  H. . . . 

Canton 

Bangert  Bros 

Armstrong 

Bargman,  Fred 

Brownton  . 

11 

13 

Bartley,  C.  N 

Huntley 

Bednar,  J.  C 

Glencoe 

Beneke,  Mrs.  Ida 

Darling 

5 

Bipes,  Edw 

Brownton  . . . 

Block,  Paul...  . 

Hutchinson  . . . 

Bolland,  Dick 

Ottertail 

2 

8 

5 

2 

Boucher,  Geo 

Waseca 

Bowen,  D.  E 

Cambria 

Boyum,  0.  B 

Peterson 

Brelje,  Henry 

Glencoe 

Brisbane,  0 . . . 

Waseca 

3 1 

32  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture . 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Minnesota — continued . 

Broeker,  F.  C 

Wahkon. 

Brown,  H.  J 

Campbell  . 

i 

It) 

Brown'  W.  J 

Mora 

20 

It) 

Q 

Bruggerman,  J.  A 

3 

O 

17 

Budensick,  6.  H 

Red  Wing. 

6 

1 / 
12 

Bue,  H 

Northfield . . . 

27 

Byhaug,  Gunder 

Dawson 

g 

91 

Calef,  Fred  C 

Hector 

12 

Q 

Cartih,  Tom 

Ellendale . . 

1 

O 

IQ 

Cashm'an,  Thos.  E 

Owatonna 

9 

lo 

54 

Casper,  J 

Wahkon 

in 

Cassel, 'Walter 

Dover 

4 

in 

17 

Caulfield  & Calverley 

Byron 

26 

1 1 
91 

Cfiapin,  Cleon  P ~ 

Cbeney 

4 

90 

Chapin  & Sons,  T.  W 

22 

4\ ) 

31 

Chellson,  F.  L 

Cannon  Falls 

21 

Chladek,  B.  P 

Owatonna.. 

12 

Q 

Christenson,  0.  W 

Eureka 

4 

O 

16 

Church  Bros 

Minnesota  City 

19 

Clark,  J.  L 

xLake  Crystal . t 

13 

12 

Cook,  F.  S 

Marshall  . 

8 

Q 

Crane  & Son,  M.  F 

Garden  City... 

1 

o 

21 

Daniels,  H.  B 

Stanton...* 

14 

Dascher,  Fred 

Biscay 

IK 

Day,  Richard 

Graceville. . . 

13 

io 

10 

Dietel,  Wm 

Norwood.. . 

1U 

IK 

Dock,  J.  M 

Stanton 

20 

lo 

2 

Docksteader,  A.  G 

Hastings 

14 

Dolezal,  John 

Biscay 

1 

oq 

Donahue,  Matt 

International  Falls 

10 

Dressell,  E.  H 

Hutchinson . . 

1U 

41 

Edblom,  Stanley 

Carver 

23 

Ehrke,  Gus 

Winona 

17 

Eisert,  E.  R 

Waseca. 

2 

90 

Ellefson  Bros 

West  Concord 

4 

t 

30 

Elmhurst  Farm 

Robbinsdale . . 

16 

28 

Emery,  Earl  R 

Stanton 

24 

Evans,  Henry 

Mankato.  ... 

5 

13 

Evenson,  Tom 

Lake  Crystal . . 

3 

26 

Ewald,  James 

International  Falls 

23 

Fabian  Bros 

Western 

12 

Fabian,  C.  A 

Campbell 

5 

9 

Farr.  R.  W 

Ellendale . . . 

12 

10 

Featherstone,  G.  H 

Hastings 

2 

9 

Fink,  Ferd 

/>,  © 

Conger 

1 

28 

Fischer,  Dr.  H.  P 

Shakopee 

38 

Foelster,  H 

Mankato . . 

4 

15 

Follingstead,  H.  A 

Eumbrota  . . 

8 

7 

Fox  Bros 

Blue  Earth 

31 

Fox,  Merl  W 

Lake  Crystal . 

3 

13 

Franz  Bros 

Mountain  Lake 

4 

16 

Fredericksen,  FA 

Lake  Crystal . 

1 

29 

Fredstrom,  F.  G 

Brainerd 

1 

28 

Gehlen,  Joe 

Glencoe 

1 

18 

Gehlen,  G.  P 

1 

13 

Gleason,  F.  E 

Austin 

17 

20 

Glen  Lake  Farm  School 

Hopkins 

10 

27 

Gochnauer,  Jay  D 

Skyberg 

8 

26 

Goulet,  Herman  L 

Glencoe 

13 

Graupmann,  Albert  A 

Hamburg 

10 

12 

Graupmann,  Herman 

Biscay 

31 

Green,  C.  0 

Ruthton.  . 

2 

19 

Gripp,  F.  J 

Northfield 

10 

10 

Groth,  Henry 

Lake  Crystal 

11 

Grover,  O.  J 

Glyndon 

31 

Gruenhagen,  F.  H 

Brainerd 

18 

16 

Guillaume,  Anthony 

Caledonia 

11 

Haapala,  Levi 

Dassel 

1 

14 

Haines,  0.  M 

Rush  City 

2 

10 

Halloran,  James 

Browerville 

15 

Halverson,  H.  S 

Austin 

6 

Hammond,  J 

Winona 

12 

Hankerson,  G.  W 

Medford 

14 

Hanson,  Andre w 

East  Grand  Forks 

2 

18 

Harris,  Frank 

Truman.: 

13 

Haselton,  Andrew 

Alexandria 

lo 

21 

Haslerud,  0.  A 

Peterson,  R.  2 

5 

16 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  33 

HO LSTEIN-FRIESI AN— Continued. 


Name. 

[ 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re: 

Purebred. 

Minnesota — continued. 

Hecht,  E.  B 

Q 

Hecht,  R.  J 

O 

9 

Heifert.E.  A 

0 14. 

Heinz,  Emil 

Owatonna,R  9 

12 

Henrv, Jas 

9 

Henske,  Rudolph 

1 

Hertwig,  Aug 

Glencoe 

Hibbard  Bros 

Glenwood 

g 

Hinkley , G.  W 

32 

Holmes,  Winfield 

3 

Homan,  H.  0 

Biscay 

Horn,  Otto  H 

3 

Horton,  H.  C 

Glencoe  . 

Horton,  L 

Horton,  W.  F 

Howe,  A.  C 

2 ! 

Hoyum,  M.  0 

4 

Hudson,  Geo.  A 

10  1 

Irwin,  John  B.: 

Farm  No.  1 

14 

Farm  No.  2 

37 

Farm  No.  3 

54 

Farm  No.  4 

25 

Jackson,  J.  A 

4 

Jensen,  Carl  A 

4 

Jensen,  Fred  C 

4 

Jepsen,R 

4 

Jergens,  W.  Ed 

19 

Johansen  Bros 

Tyler  . 

23 

Johnson  Bros 

2 

Johnson,  Arthur  B 

New  Richland 

19 

Johnson,  J.  V 

Watertown 

Johnson , Leonard 

Butternut  Valley 

1 

Johnson , N orman  A 

Albert  Lea 

3 

Johnson,  Oscar 

Clarks  Grove 

12 

Johnson,  W 

Ellendale 

17 

Johnstone,  W.  R 

New  Richland 

3 

Jones,  Charles 

West  Concord 

24 

Jorgens,H.  H 

Biscay 

23 

Julian,  T.  J 

Fergus  Falls 

28 

Jungclaus,  Wm 

Glencoe 

4 

Kaplan  Bros 

Owatonna,  R.  3 

5 

Kaspar,J.  A 

Medford 

22 

Kemen,  John 

Madison 

17 

Klug,  N.  R 

Caledonia 

6 

1 

Knaddle,  T.  W 

Thief  River  Falls 

Koochiching  Realty  Co 

International  Falls. 

14  1 

Kouba,  Frank 

Hutchinson 

16 

Kratzke  Bros 

Cologne 

in 

Kreil,Jos 

Biscay 

1 

Kroehler,Ph 

Henderson 

4 

Krueger, G.  A 

Albert  Lea,  R.  5 

4 

Lammers,  F.  E 

Lakeville 

i 

Larson, M.  C 

N orthfield 

22 

Larson,  Ole 

St.  Hilaire,  R.  1 . 

Leach,  C.  H 

Stewart  ville 

23 

Lehrke,  F.  E 

Waconia 

4 

Lundheim,Tom 

Onamia 

Liarre.Olaf 

New  Richland 

2 i 

Liddle,F.  T..-> 

Hastings 

9 

Lincoln,  L.  G 

Mora 

Ling,  Fred 

Worthington 

Little,  R.  J 

Buffalo 

9 

Long  Lake  Live  Stock  Co 

St.  Paul,  668  Cable  Avenue 

31 

Lonning,  Martin 

Lake  Crystal 

Luehrs,  Fred 

Glencoe 

Lunde.Carl  A 

Minneota 

17 

Lynard,J 

Owatonna 

4 

McCormack,  A.  D 

Garden  City 

4 

McCrum,  W.  E 

Thief  River  Falls 

4 

McNelly,C.  L 

McIntosh 

26 

Malchow , Elmer 

Biscay 

4 

Mallory,  Melvin 

Mora 

4 

Mallory , W.  L 

Mora 

Maltzan,M 

Shevlin  

l 

Maim,  W.  P 

Dodge  Center 

27 

Marschall , Henry  A 

Shakopce 

2 

12650°  20  3-1-4 

Grade. 


9 

22 

26 

’23 

19 

*21 

14 
12 
69 

1 

12 

26 

15 

20 
24 

1 

20 

*f6 

21 

27 

7 

10 

14 


34  Department  Circular  143,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Address. 

Purebred.  ! Grade. 

I 


Minnesota — continued . 


Marschall,Math 

1 

28 
1 Q 

Marschall,  Wm.  F 

Melwold , A.  E 

10 

lo 

A 

Menzel,  Gus 

y 

OA 

Meuleners,P.  J 

Cologne 

ZIJ 

Meyer  .John 

l 

1 o 

07 

Mielke,  Edwin 

1 

Miller  Bros 

Plato 

OQ 

Miller,  Chas.  H 

Northfield 

29 

oVJ 

Miller,  Geo.  E 

H 

Miller,  Frank  B 

Northfield 

30 

4 

Miller,  H.  G 

do 

30 

Miller,  J.  C 

i 

9C| 

Minneapolis  Workhouse  Dairy 

Minneapolis 

25 

40 

Mittelstadt,  R.  E 

Wendell 

0 

IQ 

Monkemier^  Carl 

» io 

7 ft 

Moravec,  Jos 

Biscay 

g 

ID 

Moravec'  Peter 

1 

It) 

IQ 

Moravecj  Theo 

Glencoe . . . 

1 

14 

Morris,  Robert 

2 

18 

Munsch,  J.  C 

21 

l 

Munson,  Nels 

5 

in 

Murphy,  J.  F 

Lakefield 

12 

JLU 

18 

Nelson,  A.  E 

2 

i a 

Nelson'  Julius - 

Thief  River  Falls 

it) 

27 

Nemecj  Albin 

Glencoe 

12 

Newstrom,  Ed 

s 

10 

Nichols,  Z.  M 

3 

13 

Nielsen'  H.  J.  P 

Lake  Benton 

6 

15 

Nims  Bros 

Hutchinson 

3 

31 

Nims,  G.  W 

Staples 

3 

9 

Nor  born,  Edward 

Leonard 

10 

Nordvold,  Jesse  C 

Zumbrota. 

13 

Nyberg.  O.  W 

Dassel 

13 

13 

Oby,  Chas 

Maple  Lake . 

17 

Odden.L.  J 

Grand  Meadow 

3 

2 

Oech,  Fred 

Winona 

1 

21 

Oren,  Tilman  G 

Mora  . . . 

3 

17 

Olson,  Henry  A 

Grove  City 

22 

Orton,  Irwin  J 

St.  Cloud 

11 

12 

Ostrom,  John 

Mora 

1 

38 

Perchan,  Fred  G 

Glencoe 

20 

Peterson,  Alfred  C 

Clarks  Grove 

16 

Peterson,  Amos 

Watertown 

1 

13 

Peterson,  B . C ! 

Cannon  Falls 

24 

Petrich,  Chas 

Glencoe 

14 

Picha,  F.  J 

Hopkins 

3 

22 

Picha,  Joe 

Glencoe 

10 

Pierce  & Son,  H.  M 

Minnesota  City 

1 

15 

Pinz,  H.  H 

Wahkon . . . 

1 

15 

Pohdrasky,  Chas.  A 

Biscay . . 

1 

9 

Pohlman,  Geo 

1 

22 

Porte le,  Joe 

Glencoe . . 

21 

Price,  W.  E 

Lake  Crystal 

1 

10 

Qvale,  C.  A 

Farmington 

, 2 

20 

Rannow,  Frank  N 

Biscay 

18 

Rasmussen.  Walter 

Alden 

1 

25 

Rathert,  W.  F 

Mora 

3 

23 

Reese  Bros 

Goodhue 

12 

6 

Reiner,  F.  A 

Northfield.  . 

8 : 

1 

Rhen,  Erik  G 

Clear  brook 

1 | 

12 

Roese,  W.  H 

Plummer ? 

1 

14 

Rotzien,  Wm.A 

Hutchinson . 

1 

11 

Rowekamp,  Geo.  L 

Winona 

4 

24 

Rynestad,  T.  K 

Thief  River  Falls 

12 

St.  Olaf’s  College 

Northfield 

24 

8 

Sargent,  C.  A 

Red  Wing 

5 

21 

Sargent,  Cecil  C 

do 

12 

4 

Satre,  John  V 1 

Frost 

10 

Schmidt,  A.  J 

Norwood 

13 

Schmidt,  Geo i 

Glencoe 

13 

Schmidt,  Wm 

St.  Peter 1 

20 

6 

Schmit,  J . M 

Pillager 

14 

Schultz,  Fred 

Biscay 

6 

17 

Schultz,  Walter 

6 

25 

Sch wager,  Joe 

Utica I 

30 

e 

Seath,  L.  A.  & G.  A ! 

Albert  Lea j 

19 

12 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  35 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 


Shaw,  Oscar  C. . - 

Skrei,  T.  H 

Smith,  Chris 

Smith,  W.  C 

Sorenson,  N . P 

Sorenson,  Wm.  S 

Stanford,  A.  D 

State  Sanitarium 

Stearns,  E.  J 

Steele,  Frank  W 

Stevens,  E.  M 

Stevens,  M.  L 

Stockstader,  Allen  G 

Stoeckman,  John 

Storstad,  I.  J 

Storvick  & Son,  A.  O 

Storvick,  T.  A 

Sullivan,  Jas 

Do 

Sviggum,  Edward 

Taylor  & Christgan 

Teeter  & Collins 

Telkamp,  H 

Tessmer,  Emil 

Tessmer,  John 

Thomson,  R.  J 

Timm  Bros 

Tonsignant,  E.  A 

Turbenson,  Theodore 

Uhlis,  J.  W 

University  of  Minnesota  Farm. 

VanSlyke,  S.  E 

Wacek,  Wm 

Wagner,  Peter 

Waldal,  A.  J 

Waldal,  Geo.  & Marius 

Walker,  W.  W. . . 

Welch,  A.  C 

Welch,  Harve  E 

Wenner,  Louis  W 

Wiener,  Caspar 

Williams,  D.  L 

Wilshusen,  Henry 

Wohlford,  H.  E 

Wolff,  August 

Wright  Co.,  Charles 

Zakariasen,  P.  M 

Zimmerman,  L.  P 


Boyd,  J.  C 
Butler,  W.  J 


East  Mississippi  insane  Hospital . 

Gosha,  Joseph  F 

Kennedy,  R.  E 

Lord,  Jno.  L 

Lucas,  Thomas 

McDaniel,  S.  J 

Muth,  Wm.  G 

Oakhurst  Plantation 

Payne,  H.  F 

Robbins,  E.  D 

Schweirjohn,  F.  B 

Scott,  Jack  L 

Sloan,  W.  D 

Still, C.P 

Weever,  Elias 

Yarbrough,  T.  M 


Ayers,  W.  F 

Beauchamp.  W.  M . 

Benoit,  N.  A 

Bluhm,  H.  A 

Bluhm,  John  F 


Address. 


Minnesota — continued. 


Lake  Crystal 

Glyndon 

Zumbrota 

Bingham  Lake 

Alden 

do 

Mankato 

Walker 

Hutchinson 

Alden,  R.  1 

Hastings 

Castle  Rock 

Hastings 

Green  Isle 

Brain  erd 

Albert  Lea 

Albert  Lea,  R.  6. . 
East  Grand  Forks. 

Wrenschall 

Peterson 

Owatonna 

Granada 

Fergus  Falls 

Biscay 

Glencoe 

Blooming  Prairie.. 

Morristown 

Mendota 

Spring  Valley 

Glencoe 

St.  Paul 

Northfield 

Biscay 

Glencoe 

Plummer 

....do 

Austin 

Glencoe 

Hutchinson 

Mankato 

Thief  River  Falls. . 

Cambria 

Fergus  Falls,  R.  5.. 

Trosky 

Glencoe 

Fergus  Falls 

Brain  erd 

Waseca 


MISSISSIPPI. 


New  Albany... 

do 

Meridian 

Aberdeen 

Newton 

Herman  ville. .. 

Greenwood 

Springfield 

Sandy  Hook. . . 

Duck  Hill 

Forest 

New  Albany . . . 

Lumberton 

Grenada 

New  Albany... 

Senatobia 

Houston 

Louisville,  R.  3. 


Marshfield . 

Pacific 

St.  Charles . 

Sedalia 

Smithton. . 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors . 


Purebred.  Grade 


20 

1 

16 

4 

9 

12 

13 

14 

2 

11 

62 

5 

29 

5 

16 

13 

7 

7 

12 

5 

9 

16 

23 

4 

33 

11 

21 

27 

33 

14 

1 

18 

47 

30 

23 

22 

7 

24 

11 

16 

37 

3 

12 

3 

6 

7 

1 

28 

2 

11 

32 

41 

17 

13 

18 

1 

22 

41 

15 

9 

11 

4 

12 

10 

10 

5 

3 

24 

15 

8 

24 

9 

4 

18 

31 

1 

10 

3 

5 

16 

35 

8 

14 

13 

5 

1 

35 

7 

25 

1 

63 

3 

10 

66 

14 

15 

3 

26 

1 

5 

1 

4 

7 

7 

2 

13 

12 

5 

11 

1 

92 

22 

11 

12 

9 

12 

36  Department  Circular  US,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred.  Grade. 

Missouri — continued. 

Bode,  H.  F 

Egvpt  Mills 

O 

Bolte,  Oliver 

Smithton 

L 

19 

16 

Bradshaw,  T.  H 

Lamonte 

1 9 

12 

Brinkopf,'Wm.  C 

Cape  Girardeau 

Q 

15 

Chappel,  L.  E.,  & Son 

Springfield 

9*1 

7 

Chitwood,  G.  £> 

Carl  Junction. . . . 

OX 

7 

14 

8 

Daniel,  J.  B 

Piedmont 

Q 

Davis,  Glenn  G 

Columbia 

y 

45 

7 

Diedrich,  F.  A 

Fordland 

21 

Dow,  R.  W 

Sedalia 

99 

0# 

Driver,  C.  E 

If 

Engram  & Collins 

41 

1 

10 

9/i 

Evans,  Roy  C 

g 

16 

/II 

Files,  W.  E 

15 

Finck,  E.  P 

St.  Charles 

11 

41 

15 

Fortner,  W.  M 

Craig 

15 

Gerlach,  Fred  C 

j 

■ * * * 

Hagemann,  Henry  W 

St.  Charles 

11 

Hartman,  H.  F 

IO 
1 1 

Heuer,  B.  H 

o 

11 
1 ft 

Hill,  H.  L 

& 

11 

Hitt,  W.  J 

11 

9 

14 

Hoerman,  Wm 

Smithton 

O 

10 

23 

1 A 

Hughes,  R.  L 

lo 

1 ft 

Jaeger,  George  J 

g 

10 

Kelley,  Dr.  Ralph  R 

2 

lo 

Kruse,  J.  A.,  & Son 

5 

lo 
1 1 

Kurre,  Ed 

Cape  Girardeau 

11 

14 

Lamm,  Henry,  jr 

Sedalia 

15 

Larkspur  Dairy 

Hillsboro 

14 

57 

Cl 

Luetjen,  Golder  A 

Smithton  . 

5 

Ol 

1 1 

McQueen,  Sam  P 

Purdy  . 

8 

11 

1 

Manning,  R.  0 

Marshfield 

1 

Manning,  L.  E 

3 

10 

Oft 

Masters,  A.  C ■. 

Cape  Girardeau. 

£\J 

1 l 

Miles,  John  A 

Gray  Summit 

12 

14 

OQ 

Monsees,  D.  0 

Smithton 

17 

oo 

Monsees&  Mountjoy 

1 

0 

9ft 

Moore,  W.  A 

Cape  Girardeau 

OU 

19 

Nenninger,  Edward 

10 

17 

Nichols,  Dr.  W.  J 

Asbury 

28 

x « 
1 

Pickens,  R.  M 

Cape  Girardeau 

1 

19 

Ringwald  Bros 

91 

Rion,  John  D 

Farmington 

17 

Romig,  Wm 

Dresden 

1/ 

IQ 

St.  Mary’s  Seminary 

Perry  ville . 

13 

iy 
i j. 

Schonofl,  F 

Cape  Girardeau 

7 

14 

19 

Selken,  Ernest 

Smithton 

11 

19 

Shumaker,  Peter 

Carl  Junction  . . 

10 

SiLsby,  S.  J 

Sedalia.. 

1 

15 

Smiley,  H.  H 

Lamonte . 

2 

12 

Spaht,  Gustave 

Albany 

10 

18 

State  Hospital  No.  1 

Fulton 

12 

92 

Stephens,  B.  E> 

Cape  Girardeau 

1 

25 

Stupp  Farm  & Cattle  Co 

Pevely 

8 

124 

Sudduth,  John 

Smithton 

10 

Waugh  Dairy  Co 

Marshfield 

14 

14 

Weathers,  J.  S 

Windsor 

22 

10 

Weissinger,  P.  H 

Cape  Girardeau 

2 

16 

White,  C.  K 

Smithton 

6 

5 

Wilkerson,  J.  F.,  & Son 

Marshfield 

12 

21 

Woodward,  R.  B 

Lamonte 

12 

15 

Wulfers  Bros 

Cape  Girardeau. . . 

20 

Young,  J.  F 

Lees  Summit 

8 

5 

MONTANA. 

Amott,  George 

Billings 

15 

Ball,  John 

Forsyth 

43 

Bamum,  G.  E 

Columbia  Falls . . . 

18 

18 

Bechtold,  August 

Butte,  1025  Hornet  Street 

1 

43 

Bloom,  S 

Simms  . . 

26 

Boender,  Pane 

Worden 

21 

Cramer,  A.  E 

Belgrade 

74 

Davenport,  C.  E 

Hamilton 

20 

13 

Deckert,  Fred 

Helena 

42 

Dixon,  Joseph  M 

Missoula 

12 

16 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  37 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  onc< 
out  rc 

Purebred. 

} tested  with- 
iactors. 

Grade. 

Montana— continued. 

Evans,  J.  A 

Huntley 

1 Q 

Fenlon,  Mrs.  Frances 

Ballantine 

10 

18 

Ford  & Hollister 

Darby. . . . 

39 

Hall,  Louis  N 

1 

Helena  Holstein-Friesian  Co 

Helena..  . 

1 1 g 

10 

4.0 

Hervey,  D.  C.  & L.  R 

Billings. 

no 

16 

K 

Hoyt,  A.  J 

H untie  v. . 

o 

16 

Hunt,  Mark 

18 

Lea,  t>avid,  & Son 

5 

OO 

Mitchell,  H.  B 

Great  Falls 

Q 

40 

1QQ 

Montana  State  Asylum 

Warm  Springs. 

iyo 

152 

oo 

Moulton,  C.  H 

Pickens/Plato 

OO 

4 

o4 

1 4 

Prevost'&  Scharrer 

Rocker!.. . 

2 

48 

Siedentorpf,  W 

i 

CO 

Sherman,  A.  P 

Forsyth.' 

OO 

Smith  & Abercrombie 

Central  Park. 

12 

10 

59 

St.  Joseph’s  Orphanage 

Helena 

Trump,  Otto 

Huntley. . 

19 

NEBRASKA. 

Abts,  M.C 

17 

1 A 

Andreas,  Wm.  & John 

Beatrice... 

7 

14 

91 

Arndt,  Wm 

Blue  Hill. 

g 

41 

A 

Barton,  Samuel,  & Son 

Gering 

19 

4 

n 

Benda,  Hubert 

Shelby  . 

g 

o 

o 

Bletch'er,  C.  C 

Falls  City 

l 

0 
1 o 

Brandt,  H.  F 

Beatrice.. 

10 

1U 

o 

Christiansen,  G.  P 

Saronville. 

31 

4 

1 

Dailey,  S.  O'. 

Axtel 

7 

1 

A 

Diers,  L.  H 

Seward 

5 

4 

Dole,  E.  W 

Beatrice.. 

11 

A 

Doubt  & Kingsley 

Minden 

21 

4 

Q 

Dunn  B.  R 

De  Witt 

14 

V 

Englebrecbt,  G.  F 

Oxford 

12 

Feeble  Minded  Institute 

Beatrice. 

1 

4Q 

Frieden,  Ben 

Garland.. . 

3 

417 

AO 

Fuller,  Luther 

Hastings. . 

g 

40 

Q 

Grant,  R.  W 

Beatrice 

g 

a 

K 

Hewit,  D.  M 

David  City 

7 

O 

o 

Hill,  Ross 

Ellis 

10 

4 

Holm,  Albert 

Colon 

16 

Industrial  Home  of  Nebraska 

Milford 

l 

91 

Jones,  E.  H 

Fairbury.. 

c 

41 

Q 

Kempf,  R.  H 

Shickley 

o 

21 

0 

1 

Kilby.  Charles 

Pender 

i 

12 

Kilpatric  Bros 

Beatrice 

40 

Lingren,  Wm 

Harvard 

14 

Lively,  C.  R.,  & Son 

South  Omaha. 

16 

Q 

Miller,  J.  M 

Alliance 

l 

O 

19 

Nebraska  School  of  Agriculture 

Curtis 

17 

14 

o 

O’Connell,  F.  J 

Jansen 

iq 

4 

o 

Pekarek,  A.  W 

Brainard 

AO 

5 

4 

o 

Peterson,  Wm.A 

Harvard 

A 

O 

Ramsey,  Shelby 

Seward  . 

o 

A 

4 

Ritchie,  C.  D 

McCook  . 

O 

23 

4 

30 

Smith,  Virgil,  and  wife 

Emerald 

14 

Sollenbergen  0.  H 

Fairbury 

16 

Starke,  C.  H. 

Red  Cloud 

22 

Swanson,  E . 0 

Swanson,  F.  A ■ 

Stromsburg 

do 

25 

21 

Swartslev,  0.  E 

Riverdale 

19 

A 

Tanner,  Chas 

Memphis 

14 

o 

0 

1 

Troyer,  A1 

Shickley 

5 

1 
1 1 

Van  Arsdale,  C.  H 

Beatrice 

13 

11 

A 

Weibel,  H.  E 

De  Witt 

7 

4 

1 

Woodworth,  H.  J 

Wahoo 

5 

1 

n 

Wright,  L.  R 

Gering 

7 

0 

1 

NEVADA. 

i 

1 

Antrim,  J.  A 

Lovelock 

1 9 

Bunkowski,  August 

Smith 

14 

48 

Brooks  & Peckham 

Reno,  box  404 

40 

154 

1 Q 

Brooks,  C.  W 

"1 

Burke,  A.  A 

Reno,  care  Cnnnt.v  TTecnital 

lo 
1 o 

Buerer,  H.  F 

Fallon 

io 

27 

38  Department  Circular  lb3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

j 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred.  Grade. 

1 ’ 

nev  ada — continued . 


Carson  Indian  School 

Dyer,  R.  C 

Friedhoff,  Geo.  W 

Forsberg  & Dunbar 

Gallery,  Frank 

Heise,  F.,  Land  & Live  Stock  Co. 

Honeywell  Ranch 

Hunt,  J.  N 

Hovey,  Mrs.  Minnie 

Herricks,  Peter 

Mills,  Bert 

Moreira,  M.  A 

Me  Vicar  Bros 

McVicar,  Geo.  C 

Madelina,  E.  D 

Olsen,  Otto 

Patrick^  F.  G 

Pitt,  W.  C.,  Ranch  Co 

Stodieck,  Wm 

Settlemeyer.  Arnold 

Sebbas,  Victor 

University  of  Nevada,  dairy  herd. 

Wittwer,  Wm 

Wainscott,  A.  R 

Walbesloh 

Weidner,  J.  L 


Stewart 

Schurz 

Yerington 

Fallon 

East  Fourth  Street,  Reno 

Minden 

Wellington 

B unker  ville 

Wellington 

Yearington 

Logandale 

Lovelock 

Smith 

-do 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  50 

Reno,  R.  2,  box  48 

Reno,  box  287 

Lovelock 

Gardnerville 

do 

Lovelock 

Reno 

Bunkerville 

Fallon 

do 

do 


3 


3 


6 


2 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


Austin,  George  D 

Beaman,  W.  E 

Blake,  H.  H 

Camp,  C.  H.  & H.  N 

Garipay,  Eugene  L 

New  Hampshire  State  Hospital 


Cornish. 

do... 

Concord. 

Etna 

Hanover 

Concord. 


26 

21 

16 

31 

6 

11 


Baldwin,  Isaac  E 
Harrison,  R.  S. . . 


Stockton 
do. . . 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Arnold  & Allen 

Baker,  Gertrude 

Baker,  H.  F 

Barker,  Edwin  B 

Blanchard,  C.  A.,  jr 

Borden  Farm  Products  Co 

Brady,  Paul  T 

Brown,  A.  B 

Bulson,  Claude  M 

C apron,  R.  K 

Clark,  C.  H.,  & Son 

Clark,  S.  H.,  & Son 

Cook,  Albert  F 

Cook-Blodgett  Farms 

Culver,  George  D 

Coventry,  C.  J 

Davis,  F.  M.,  & Son 

Dennis,  L.  S 

Dix,  James  E 

Eldred,  Arthur 

Farrell,  Mrs.  James 

Flanigin,  T.  E 

Gleason,  A.  L 

Grace,  Joseph  P 

Gregg,  W.  W 

Green,  F.,  & Son 

Hilborn,  L.  E.,  & H.  R.... 

Hubbard,  George  C 

Jackson,  J.  J.,  jr 

Joslin,  M.  S 

Kutschbach,  R.  P.,  & Son. 

Lake  Placid  Co 

Loomis,  H.  C 

Loomis,  J.  R 

McClintock,  Arthur 


NEW  YORK. 

Peru 

Fulton 

Richfield  Springs 

Crown  Point 

Jamestown 

Walden 

Pawling 

Burlington  Flats 

Schenevus 

Lisle 

Peru 

do 

Whallonsburg 

Denmark 

Milford 

Ransom  ville 

Livonia 

Canisteo 

Forestville 

Hartwick 

Valatie 

Hudson  Falls 

Ash  ville 

Mahasset 

Elmira 

Schenevus 

Canisteo 

j Red  Hook 

South  Livonia 

Buskirk 

Sherburne 

Lake  Placid  Club 

Dry den 

Glens  Falls 

South  'YV’orcester 


12 


30 

20 

5 


35 

1 

30 

23 
40 

3 
9 

30 

6 

8 

22 

18 

7 
6 
6 

8 
33 

4 
1 
2 

15 

24 


28 

43 

67 

10 

10 

3 


16 

36 

25 

47 

11 

12 

27 

10 

14 

17 

17 

13 

149 

62 

23 

11 

13 

13 
47 
23 
10 
in 

14 
11 

15 
15 


26 

1 


32 

77 


12 

20 


38 

22 


13 

12 

78 


18 


1 

26 


63 

57 


1 

4 


19 

23 


14 

19 

25 

9 


183 


51 

39 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  39 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

tested  wlth- 
actors. 

Grade. 

NEW  YORK— continued. 

Avon 

126 

36 

2 

10 

Masters,  F.  It 

Copake  Fails 

24 

1 

Moore,  James  0 

Leicester 

14 

Mott,  fcarl  A 

Dryden 

9 

5 

Mott',  0.  D 

Hartwick 

9 

23 

2 

18 

Stillwater  

9 

New  Y ork  State  School  of  Agriculture . 1 

Alfred 

47 

Do 7 

Canton 

27 

39 

Nye,  M.  B 

Alden 

39 

3 

Orleans  County  Farm 

Albion 

12 

12 

31 

Worcester 

1 

14 

Potter,  E.  L 

Fort  Edward 

17 

Potter'  L.  G 

Oneonta 

15 

Robertson,  W.  J 

Fort  Edward 

19 

Robinson,  T.  D.  & D 

Mohawk 

5 

32 

Rowe,  L.  F 

Milford 

28 

7 

Skellie,  A.  J 

Worcester 

| 

24 

West  ford 

12 

2 

Smith,  W.  J 

Copenhagen 

22 

Snyder,  S.  G 

Worcester 

11 

Stearns  , H.  B 

Peru 

7 

Toby,  W.  A 

Lindley 

27 

Towsley  and  Loper 

12 

3 

Tracy, H.  C 7 

10 

1 

Tyler, J.  K 

Worcester 

14 

Baldwinsville 

25 

Van  Wicklef  C.  H 

Geneva 

16 

39 

Wait,  J.  R 

Auburn 

43 

Wart  burg  Orphan  School 

Mount  Vernon 

10 

Webster,  H.  R 

Worcester 

6 

White,  R.  D 

Locke 

18 

Whittemore,  E.  B 

Argvle 

1 

17 

Wieting,  C.  A 

Cobleskill 

45 

Willow  Brook  Dairy 

Mount  Vernon 

19 

36 

Wagner,  Arthur 

Richfield  Springs 

15 

3 

Wood,  Mrs.  W.  A 

Hoosick  Falls  . 

4 

29 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Bahnson , F.  H 

Farmington 

1 

12 

Baird,  Thos 

Asheville,  R.  2 

13 

Blake,  H.  C 

Wilmington 

2 

31 

Bradshaw,  C.  W 

Greensboro 

48 

Byorum.E.  B 

Charlotte,  R.3 

3 

9 

Carter,  H.  L 

Biltmore 

25 

Chilson,  Mary 

Salisbury 

2 

4 

Creasman  & Haynes 

Asheville 

19 

4 

Deal,  A.  L 

Mooresville 

6 

48 

De  Jong,  M 

Watha 

23 

Deer  Park  Dairy 

Biltmore 

61 

Greenwood,  Melvin 

do 

13 

Gregg, J. H 

West  Asheville,  R.  5.  . 

18 

Hildebrand,  W.  A 

Asheville 

21 

Holcomb,  F.  L 

Fayetteville 

28 

Lewis,  J.  R 

W alst  onburg 

18 

Ludwick,  J.  F 

Salisbury 

13 

43 

McGinnis,  John  M 

Matthews,  R.  27 

20 

Mecklenburg  County  Home 

Derita 

2 

10 

Moody,  J.C 

Charlotte 

19 

Morrison,  J.  R 

Statesville - 

4 

23 

Newman.  J.  E 

Pelham  

13 

North  Carolina  School  for  Deaf 

Morgan!  on 

4 

33 

Odd  Fellows’  Orphanage 

Goldsboro 

23 

Orr,N.  J 

Charlotte 

51 

Oxford  Orphan  Asylum 

Oxford 

6 

23 

Parker  Bros 

Durham 

26 

Pemberton,  Tom 

Greensboro  (Hunter  herd) 

18 

Robbins,  C.  C 

High  Point 

8 

21 

Rogers  & Upchurch 

Raleigh,  R.  5 

30 

Royall,  J.  L 

Goldsboro 

18 

Russell,  A.  C 

Matthews  . . 

12 

Scarborough,  W.  V 

Asheville,  R.  1 

21 

Small,  Jacob 

Greensboro  

18 

Smith,  Geo.  H 

Asheville 

17 

40  Department  Circular  lb3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred,  j Grade. 

north  Carolina — continued. 

Squires,  W.  W 

Matthews 

1 

14 

State  Hospital 

Goldsboro 

54 

State  N orinal  College 

7 

30 

Stevens , J.  C ~ 

Biltmore 

14 

Stonewall  Jackson  Manual  Training  and 

Concord 

2 

23 

Industrial  School. 

Stradley , H 

Asheville,  R.l 

11 

Thomasville  Baptist  Orphanage 

Thomasville 

13 

49 

V anderwal , S . . 

33 

Weir  & Dockery 

Asheville,  R.  5 

45 

Weir,  H.  M 

27 

Wells,  J.  S 

Leicester 

1 

21 

Winston-Salem  Live  Stock  & Dairy  Co. 

W inst  on-  Salem 

63 

Wolf,  J.  W 

Asheville 

14 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Albertson , A 

Fargo 

15 

Anderson,  A.  I 

Wild  Rice.... 

1 

23 

Anderson,  J.  J 

Sheldon 

11 

Plumer 

2 

10 

Barnes,  A.  H 

36 

Benjamison,  M 

Mountain 

1 

12 

Berquam,  0.0 

Grafton 

11 

Bogus,  John 

Bowbells 

16 

Bratzel,  Phillip , jr 

Hebron 

10 

19 

Carlson , Hans  * . ” 

Enderlin 

22 

Chilberg,  Ray 

Valley  City 

44 

Christie,  Ed  ’ 

Danzig. . . 

6 

15 

Cole, J.  D.  . . 

Grand  Forks. . 

30 

22 

Cotner,  C.  L 

Flasher 

1 

15 

Dahlbeck,  J.  P 

Oakes 

32 

Deming,  C.  F 

Warwick 

23 

Franks , Chas.  O 

Devils  Lake  

1 

11 

Goeltertz,  W.  C 

Kintyre 

1 

18 

Golberg,  S.  S 

Harvey 

1 

35 

Grabenhorst , W.  J 

Flasher 

16 

Groth , J.  P . 

Enderlin 

1 

16 

Gustenshon,  Theodore 

Havelock 

8 

1 

Hancock,  W.  B 

Pembina 

8 

Havens,  L.  A 

Lark 

2 

15 

Hedland,  A.  O 

Fargo 

10 

Hegrances  Bros  . . 

Grafton 

18 

Hexom,  John 

Wild  Rice 

22 

Holding,  A.  C 

Cayuga 

6 

Holle,C  

New  Salem 

5 

8 

Hollingshead , A1 

Oriska 

1 

23 

Horner,  E.  A.  & G.  E 

Finley - 

8 

Johnson,  Olaf  P . . 

Wahpeton , 

1 

16 

Jones,  John  R. 

Hankinson 

10 

Jordan,  A.  C. . 

Driscoll 

1 

20 

Kelley,  Thos. 

Colgate 

12 

5 

Kerdell,  C 

Mandan 

24 

Klusman,  Charles 

Y oungst  own 

25 

Kinsman,  Henry 

New  Salem 

4 



15 

Krantz,  August 

Ken  mare 

12 

Kroeger,  F.  W 

Y oungstown 

i 

15 

McDonald,  A.  W 

Valley  CitjT.  . 

18 

Michigan  Mercantile 

Michigan 

23 

Morton,  S.  W 

Driscoll 

10 

Motsiff,  S.  F 

Mandan 

l 

' 15 

Nootnagle,  Ed  . 

Devils  Lake 

10 

Agricultural  College . . . 

Agricultural  College 

18 

4 

State  Prison 

Bismarck 

72 

Reform  School 

Mandan 

1 

29 

O’Connor,  Larry 

Grand  Forks 

12 

9 

Olson,  C.  A 

Milton 

1 

34 

Osborn,  W.  E 

Dazey 

11 

3 

Otto  Fred 

Hillsboro 

2 

12 

Payne,  James 

Knox 

1 

20 

Payne  P O 

Argusville 

1 

11 

Regstad  Chris 

Esmond 

5 

16 

Reierson,  Martin 

.do 

4 

14 

Reinochl  F J 

Lari  more 

15 

Richland  County  Poor  Farm 

Wahpeton 

10 

2 

Riedesel,  Lewis 

Cathay 

13 

Sawver.  M.  I 

Driscoll 

19 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  41 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESI  AN— Continued. 


| Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


I Purebred. 


north  Dakota — continued. 


Grade. 


Schebler,  Chas 

Scheffert,  L.  J 

Seiler,  O.  J 

Severtson,  S.  O 

Shaud,  J.  E 

Sheard,  H.  E 

Smith,  D 

Smith,  Emerson  H 

Sorensen  Bros.  & Challey. 

State  Substation 

Stensrude,  Ole 

Tellman,  Ed 

Tuttle,  C.  E 

Van  Steuart,  Constant. . . 

Vogel,  Wm 

Westad  & Peterson 

Westley,  Hans 

Wiebers,  F.  H 

Wilkinson,  M.  E 

Wolter,  Henry 

Wyckoff,  W.  W 

Yedstey,  Peter . 


Bismarck 

Michigan 

Jamestown. . 

Esmond 

Schafer 

Cathay 

Devils  Lake . 

Fargo 

Webster 

Hettinger. . . 

Flaxton 

Y oungstown . 
Donnybrook. 
Devils  Lake . 

Lark 

Maddock 

Cooperstown 

Flasher 

Jessie 

Hebron 

Embden 

Cumings 


3 

1 


1 

2 

3 
19 

9 

17 

19 

1 

1 

4 


17 
11 

18 
10 
12 
15 
17 
15 

4 


13 

14 
22 
10 

5 

11 

7 

25 

41 

11 


OHIO. 


Allen,  Bruce  H 

Allyn  Estate 

Ames,  Vern  E 

Andrus,  F.  M 

Ansted,  R.  E 

Armstrong,  Claude 

Ash  Bros 

Athens-County  Children’s  Home 

Babst,  Daniel 

Bacon  & Son,  Geo.  H 

Barlow,  Dr.  Page 

Bates  & Son,  F.  A 

Bax,  William 

Baxter,  E.  O 

Beal,  Joe 

Beal,  P.  C 

Beilharz,  H.  L 

Bemenderfer,  H.  K 

Bender,  W.  H 

Bettinger,  Leo 

Biehler,  C.  P 

Bishop,  C.  E.,  & Morgan,  J.  A . . . 

Bixler,  Noah 

Bixler,  William 

Blosser,  J.  M 

Bockelman,  Carl 

Boerger,  C.  J 

Boger,  Guy  H 

Bokerman,  George 

Bonte,  Michael 

Boyes,  John 

Bowles,  J.  E 

Bowman  & Son,  C.  E 

Bratton,  C.  F 

Breice,  Henry 

Briggs,  C.  L 

Britsch,  Adam 

Brown,  H.  O 

Brown,  Jed 

Brown  & Meyers 

Buchman,  F.  L 

Buck  waiter,  A.  M 

Buell,  Carl 

Burckhart,  C.  M 

Burgbacker,  H.  F 

Burke,  J.  M 

Burkholder,  A.  E 

Burkholder,  Sam 

Burnham,  F.  W 

Butdorf,  F.  D 

Caris,  Frank 


Morenci,  Mich.,  farm,  Fulton  County, 
Ohio. 

Hiram 

Bryan 

Ashtabula 

Monclova 

Austinburg 

Ada 

Athens 

Crestline 

Vermilion 

St.  Clairsville 

Wauseon 

Mount  Healthy 

West  Farmington 

Wellington 

do 

Liberty  Center 

Bloomville 

Wauseon 

Berkey 

Rockyridge 

Peninsula 

Orrville 

do 

Rawson 

Napoleon 

Marysville 

Lyons 

Napoleon 

Fayette 

Lyons 

Athens 

Berlin  Center 

Delta 

Tallmadge 

Lodi 

Pettisville 

New  Springfield 

Vermilion 

Napoleon 

Tiffin 

Dalton 

Litchfield 

Orrville 

Bryan 

Wakeman * 

Wauseon 

do..... 

Conneaut 

Creston 

Rockyridge ’ 


5 

3 

8 

9 

23 

24 
7 

11 


3 

14 
6 
6 
2 

15 
2 
2 

19 

7 

3 
6 

30 

10 

7 

4 
7 
9 
7 
1 


7 

1 

17 

5 


6 

2 

12 

9 

8 

12 

15 
3 
6 

16 
2 
5 

14 

5 

1 

1 


16 

16 

7 


1 

9 

10 

13 


17 

14 

8 

3 

11 

10 

7 
14 

2 

8 


3 

1 


14 

10 

13 

6 

28 

21 

3 

13 

2 

6 

24 

29 

11 


13 

2 

3 

8 


14 

16 

5 


42  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address . 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred.  Grade. 

ohio— continued . 

Case,  Harry 

Hudson . . . 

46 

6 

Castle,  C.  O 

Swanton 

i 

c 

Caulkins,  Chas 

West  Unity 

16 

O 

Chambers,  S.  S 

Grove  City. . 

38 

Chitwood,  W.  R 

Dayton 

g 

Churchill,  0.  B 

Cortland 

19 

A 

Circle  “W”  Farm 

Gates  Mills 

TC 

Clapp  & Malloy 

1 c 

Q 

Clemson,  Albert 

Chardon 

lo 

15 

o 

Cockley,  W.  B 

Lexington ...  . 

21 

1 

Collins,  Fred 

Berkey 

4 

1 

3 

Cook,  William  F 

59 

1 4 

Cox,  Robert 

Dorset 

15 

Crabb,  Geo.  E 

Toledo... 

14 

1 

Crawford,  Earl 

N apoleon 

It 

2 

1 

8 

Crile,  M.  A 

Fresno 

27 

Curth,  S 

Nankin 

g 

1 

Hague,  George  M 

Spencer . 

10 

o 

Daisy  Hill  Farm 

Chagrin  Falls 

95 

o 

o 

Davidson,  W.  D 

Marathon 

23 

4 

Davis,  J.  Harry 

Williamsfield. . . 

13 

Dean,  Arthur 

Blacklick 

16 

Dean,  Samuel 

25 

Dilley,  A.  E.  & J.  P 

Cortland 

12 

0 

Drew'es,  W.  D 

7 

a 

Dubach  Bros 

1 

o 

30 

Dusenberry,  A.  B 

Chesterland . . 

22 

Egbert,  J.  H.  & J.  L 

Everett 

20 

Eicher,  Henry 

Archbold 

9 

Elder,  L.  G 

Cortland . . 

4 

oc 

Eldridge,  0.  M 

Wauseon.. 

g 

40 

19 

Enlow,  D.  S 

Akron 

3 

Q 

Farison,  Guy 

Malinta . . 

if 

1 

Farris,  W.  J 

Akron 

9 

, 1 
14 

Fay,  M.  0 

Wakeman 

7 

7 

Fay,  Thomas 

g 

i 

li 

Fee  & Son,  W.  A 

Cortland 

27 

Feiszli,  John 

Vermilion. 

ll 

9 

Figy,  Charles 

Napoleon 

0 

4 

A 

Fisher  & Son,  H.  K 

Fostoria 

3 

U 

Q 

Foos  Farm 

South  Charleston 

101 

«7 

Forest  & Kline 

Wauseon.. 

5 

Fouty,  Grant  E 

5 

o 

Frederick  & Van  Schoik.. . 

Ashtabula 

16 

9 

French  Bros 

Andover . . 

18 

l 

Garrow,  John  A 

Morenci,  Mich.;  farm  Fulton  County, 

21 

Ohio. 

Geiger,  Walter 

Pandora .... 

3 

3 

George,  C.  F 

Okeana . . . 

3 

A 

Gerber,  Joseph 

Sugarcreek 

22 

O 

2 

Givens,  Roy  J 

Bellaire 

11 

Gless,  Peter  L 

East  Akron . . 

2 

13 

Gongler,  Charles  E 

18 

Good,  Charles 

Sandusky 

3 

11 

Green  County  Infirmary 

Xenia 

12 

Greenlee,  John  J 

Bridgeport 

27 

Gregg,  Harry 

Wellington.. 

12 

2 

Griffin,  Bayliss 

Sylvania 

21 

Griffin  & Jones 

Fayette 

i 

19 

Grisier  & Robinson 

Wauseon 

22 

Hall  & Son,  William 

Tiffin 

10  1 

Hallier,  George 

Oakharbor . 

2 

6 

Harmon,  H.  E 

Leipsic 

g 

Harris,  Mrs.  T.  J 

Huron .... 

6 

i 

Harroun  Bros 

Svl  vania . 

33 

Hartzler,  C.  F 

Weilersville . 

14 

4 

Haskins,  G.  B 

Wakeman 

5 

5 

Hastings,  Merle 

Wellington. 

2 

4 

Havens,  Willis  B 

Fremont . 

5 

10 

Hawkins,  G.  C 

Morenci,  Mich.;  farm  Fulton  County 

27 

Ohio.  ’ 

Hay,  Charles 

Findlay 

44 

Hazen,  A.  F 

Alliance 

8 

ii 

Hendricks,  E.  M 

Napoleon. .'. . 

3 

10 

Herbruck  Bros 

Cuyahoga  Falls . . . 

21 

Herring,  Leroy  L 

Oakharbor . 

2 

Hilty,  Philip 

Bluffton 

3 

5 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  43 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors . 


Name.  Address. 


Purebred. 

Grade. 

ohio — continued. 

Hinderer  & King 

Archbold 

18 

13 

8 

15 

Hoover,  W.  0 

32 

Horr,  C.  W 

54 

3 

5 

1 

r 

Delta 

8 

10 

4 

9 

Terrace  Park 

7 

12 

Bellaire 

1 

7 

13 

6 

11 

2 

12 

2 

Kent 

5 

9 

Kalber'  Albert 

6 

Keener,  A.  F 

15 

1 

Keener  & Mohr 

do 

13 

Keller,  A.  E 

10 

4 

Keough,  William 

Delta 

5 

3 

11 

8 

13 

Kittle  Bros 

35 

Kittleberger,  J.  B 

Akron 

17 

Kryder,  G.  fit 

11 

4 

Lampman,  J.  C 

11 

Langdon,  W.  E 

Grove  City 

-4 

6 

Lathrop, Jerome  B 

Berkey . . 

12 

4 

Lathrop’  L.  A 

1 

16 

Lawrence,  C.  W 

Springfield 

4 

9 

Leadrach,  R.  W 

Vermilion 

18 

1 

Leatherman,  H.  J 

Colton ....  

4 

11 

Leatherman,  W.  D 

..  ..do 

3 

14 

Lemert,  W.  W 

Napoleon 

1 

12 

Leow,  Emery  C 

Oakharbor . 

9 

Lewis,  M.  E 

Swanton 

9 

6 

Lockwood,  H.  J 

Oakharbor 

2 

4 

Loehr,  E.  C 

Medina 

2 

4 

Logan,  Victor 

Kinsman 

8 

16 

Longworth,  George 

FeUcity 

4 

15 

Lozier,  John 

Wauseon 

10 

Luther,  H.  R 

Peninsula 

15 

McCann,  Dr.  T.  A 

Dayton 

6 

McClelland,  0.  C.  & A.  R 

Newark 

14 

1 

McCloy,  A.  C 

Bridgeport 

11 

McCombs,  F.  J 

Warren ...  . 

22 

5 

McCool,  J.  H 

Covington 

9 

McElheny  & Bunn 

Tiflm 

10 

McDonald,  A.  A 

Wakeman 

6 

2 

McQuillin,  George  R 

Swanton . . 

13 

McMahon,  J.  C 

Clyde 

7 

1 

Mason,  C.  C 

McClure 

6 

5 

Medina  Infirmary 

Medina 

29 

Meteer,  J 

Columbus 

11 

Mever,  G.  Fred 

Napoleon 

22 

Miller,  C.  I 

Medina 

12 

1 

Miller,  Hon.  C.  K 

Fayette 

12 

3 

MiUer,  D.  K 

Austinburg 

3 

3 

Miller,  Sam  A 

Swanton 

4 

7 

MiUer  & Son,  C.  E 

Liberty  Center 

4 

7 

Milfikin  & Son,  R 

Cortland 

14 

Monck,  S.  J 

Painesville 

15 

8 

Morley,  T.  D 

West  Mentor 

28 

Myers,  C.  M 

Wellington. . 

7 

4 

Myers,  H.  J 

Wauseon 

3 

7 

Myers,  J.  G 

Berkey 

7 

Newlon,  Guy  A 

Newton  Falls 

23 

2 

Nichols,  C.  P.  & C.  H 

Mantua 

15 

Nofziger,  Simon 

Stryker 

5 

4 

Nofzingei\  Jacob  A 

Elmira 

3 

5 

Norton,  H.  F 

Wauseon,  R.  5. . . 

9 

1 

Oberhaus,  J.  F 

Napoleon 

14 

Ohio  Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Orphans’ 

Xenia 

3 

55 

Home. 

Owens,  Cecil 

West  Farmington. 

8 

2 

Peck,  Frank  H 

Amherst 

14 

9 

Pfaff,  Albert 

Swanton 

7 

44  Department  Circular  ib3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested'with- 
out  reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


ohio — continued . 


PfafI,  F.  G 

Pfouts,  G.  O 

Pierce  & Haughton 

Pinkelman,  H.  L 

Pittman,  George 

Plassman,  C.  H 

Pontius,  H.  M 

Prindle,  J.  J 

Reece,  C.  S 

Renner,  J.  A 

Rickenberg,  FredH 

Robasser,  Vem 

Robinson,  O.  L 

Rohrs,  John 

Roice  & McQuate 

Roth,  Fred 

Rudibaugh,  Adam 

Ruebush,  C.  W 

Rupp,  Ralph 

Russell  & M ohler 

Rychener,  Elmer 

Scales,  J.  G 

Schumucker,  J.  W 

Schneidhorst,  R.  G 

Schuette,  Herman 

Schumacher,  Wilbert  <fc  Amos 

Schutz,  Hiram. 

Scott,  L.  H 

Seabold,  John 

Seiberling  & Sauer 

Seiberling,  Walter *. 

Sharp,  P.  D 

Sharp,  W.  H 

Sherod,  J.  I> 

Slagle,  C.  F 

Smith  & DeFields 

Smith,  J.  Frank 

Snow,  Arthur 

Snyder,  W.  H 

Sonnenberg,  C.  I' 

Sonnenberg,  G.  H 

Sonnenberg,  Theo 

Sorg,  H.  A 

Sower,  A.  B ; 

Spencer,  A.  L 

Spring  & Porter 

Starr,  W.  T 

Steenson,  Earl 

Steigerwalt,  E.  A 

Steiner,  Fred  J 

Steiner,  William 

Stern,  E.  H 

Stevens,  Elmont 

Stevenson,  W . H 

Steward  & Clapp 

Steward  & Son,  G.  M 

Stewart,  George  R 

Stillson  Bros 

Stone,  W.  H 

Stong  & Egnew 

Struble,  C.  E.,  & Connell,  L.  E 

Sunbury,  Thad 

Trinter,  Wm 

Trumbull  County  Experiment  Farm . . . 

Turner,  Mathias 

Vogle,  A.  B 

Walcutt,  R.  N 

Walker  Bros 

Wasson,  J.  M 

Weber,  John 

Weichers,  H.  F 

Weiss,  George 

Willerton,  F.  G 

Willson,  II.  E.,&  S.  V 

Wise,  John  A.,  & Son 

Wolter,  Carl  W 

Woodford,  B.  D 


Delta 

Chagrin  Falls 

West  Farmington 

Sylvania 

McClure 

Napoleon 

Liberty  Center. . . 

West  view 

Wooster 

Garretts  ville 

Napoleon 

Swanton 

Medina 

Napoleon 

W ellington 

Archbold 

Leetonia 

Dayton 

Archbold 

Liberty  Center 

Archbold 

Hudson 

Archbold 

Lockland 

Napoleon,  R.  4 

Bluff  ton 

Pandora 

Alexandria 

Grafton 

Barberton 

do 

West  Liberty 

Sugar  Grove 

Vermilion 

Napoleon 

Wellington 

Lake 

Bryan 

Napoleon 


Holgate 

do 

Oakharbor 

Fayette 

W auseon 

do 

Wellington 

Archbold 

Wadsworth 

Massillon 

do 

do 

Rutland 

Wellington 

Liberty  Center. 

do 

St.  Clairsville. . 

Kent 

Nova 

Lyons 

Grelton 

Farmdale 

Vermilion 

Cortland 

Union  ville 

Oakharbor 

Sycamore 

Athens 

Austinburg 

Wauseon. 

Napoleon,  R.  4. 

Rogers  ville 

Bellaire. 

Delta 

Bellaire 

Oakharbor 

Mesopotamia. . . 


2 

7 

13 

4 

10 

1 

2 

17 

7 
4 
3 
1 

8 


30 

9 

17 


5 

1 

3 

9 

2 

5 

11 


11 

12 

5 


11 

4 

20 

5 

5 
13 

4 

11 

6 
9 


17 


8 

1 

1 

6 

2 

1 


2 

28 

10 


33 

11 

5 

11 

19 

4 

11 


8 

17 

6 

2 

2 

2 

14 

1 

17 

28 

4 


14 


13 

2 

18 


3 


10 

24 

9 

12 

20 

4 
2 

19 

5 
9 
2 
5 
3 
2 

26 

12 

10 


4 
9 
7 

15 

3 

5 
2 

4 
4 

6 


20 


1 

8 

11 

13 

11 

2 

9 

7 

16 

2-3 

10 

4 

5 


8 

15 

1 

5 


35 

31 

14 

5 


9 


19 


3 4 

6 7 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  45 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

ohio— continued. 

Woolever,  A.  C 

1 

26 

Wright,  Alfred 

23 

Wright,  J.  A.,  & Adams,  Robert 

Liberty  Center 

1 

8 

Wright  & Schwartzlander 

12 

10 

Wyse,  Dan  E 

Archbold 

4 

6 

Yaussy,  John  G 

Bucyrus. . . 

23 

2 

Yaussvj  Otto 

do. 

10 

Yingling  A Son,  Chas 

1 

7 

Yoder,  John  Z • 

16 

Zeigler,  George  M 

Fayette ...  . 

15 

l 

Zimmerman  f G eor  ge 

Wauseon 

17 

OKLAHOMA. 

Allen,  George 

El  Reno 

12 

Agricidturarand  Mechanical  College 

Stillwater 

14 

Blake,  Ed  E 

El  Reno  ... 

36 

Garrett,  H.  T 

1 

14 

Kayser,  C.  E 

Bartlesville. . . 

17 

16 

Kennedy,  J.  M 

El  Reno 

26. 

Lessenger,  C.  M 

14 

24 

Mier,  David 

15 

41 

Mohinke,  L.  T 

El  Reno 

5 

33 

Murray  State  School 

Tishomingo . 

6 

16 

Pontius,  J.  C 

Yu  icon. . . . 

36 

5 

Rvan,  Martin  V 

Kremlin 

5 

7 

Schmidt,  Chas.,  jr 

El  Reno  ... 

1 

25 

Spriggs,  S.  0 

do 

1 

29 

Tate,  H.  H 

27 

Thompson,  G.  R 

1 

26 

Worthington,  Chas.  W 

do 

39 

OREGON. 

Anderson,  Ernest 

Astoria 

25 

Barendse,  J.  W 

Blind  Slough 

29 

Bates,  E.  G 

W arrenton 

14 

Benter,  Adolph 

Goshen 

10 

12 

Beming  Bros 

Mount  Angel 

22 

Bray,  William  M 

Klamath  Falls 

3? 

Carlson,  Arvid 

Astoria 

91 

Carmichael,  Thomas 

Gaston 

27 

Cornelius,  C.  W 

Portland 

13 

Eilers,  Uly 

Aurora 

11 

Gustason,  Jacob 

Astoria 

14 

Jocelyn,  William 

Boring 

13 

Klamath  Indian  School 

Klamath  Agency 

19 

Klein  Bros 

Silverton 

12 

Kuenzi,  Herman 

17 

Lundman,  Jalmar 

Astoria 

11 

McCall,  Henry 

Prineville 

36 

Magee,  C.  S 

McMinnville 

10 

Paget,  L.  L 

Gaston. . . 

22 

Platt,  Walter  F 

Springfield 

13 

Phv,  Dr.  W.  T 

Hot  Lake 

21 

Sale  Bros 

Astoria 

19 

Salem  Indian  School 

Chemawa 

20 

Sales,  J.  F 

Astoria 

34 

Scharen  Bros 

Creswell 

9 

9 

Seppa,  Mike 

Astoria 

34 

Strucken,  John 

Portland 

13 

Tagg,  Harold 

Warrenton 

16 

Thurston,  B.  S.,  & Son 

Jefferson 

16 

Tokelson,  M 

Prineville 

11 

Umatilla  Indian  School 

Pendleton 

17 

Watson,  Fred 

Olney 

14 

Wilson,  T.  E 

Astoria 

27 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Alcorn,  A.  W 

Titusville 

11 

Allison,  E.  Page 

West  Chester,  Town’s  End  Farm 

22 

8 

Antes,  Philip  C 

Williamsport,  R.  2,  Garden  View  Farm 

12 

2 

Armour,  W.  J 

Grove  City 

3 

16 

Armstrong,  Miss  Lida 

3 

11 

Bache,  Wm 

Wellsboro 

1 

24 

Bailey,  Dwight  H I 

Mansfield 

12 

17 

Bailey,  John  W ! 

Tioga 

28 

46  Department  Circular  ik3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re£ 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
Lctors. 

Grade. 

Pennsylvania— continued. 

Bailey,  W.  A.,  & Son 

Dimock 

23 

Baker/ Guy../. 

Dushore.  Maple  Grove  Farm 

4 

15 

Barnes,  Geo.  D 

Grove  City.  /. 

5 

Beatty,  A.  H 

Grove  City,  R.  13.'. . 

1 

14 

Bennett  & Latzer 

Willsboro". . 

79 

Bray,  Chas.  W 

Bridgeport,  R.  1,  Bellwood  Farm 

49 

Brown,  J.  G 

Titusville,  R.  5. .'  

10 

Titusville'  star  route . 

13 

Carpenter,  A.  B 

Wellsboro',  R.  4 •. 

11 

14 

Chambers'  H.  B 

Mahoningtown,  R.  R 

16 

18 

Chapin,  E.  W 

Enon  Valley,  PL.  2 

1 

28 

Edinburg.  /.'. 

5 

9 

Childs,  J.  J 

Titusville,  R.  2.. 

16 

Christy,  D.  S 

Tarentum,  R.  2 

8 

5 

Clement,  Thomas 

Lincoln  University 

17 

Cooper,  Clyde  C.,  & Son 

Sugar  grove " 

7 

3 

Courtney,  "Geo.  ^ 

Mercer,  R.  6 

5 | 

9 

do/. 

10 

Davidson',  WmG 

Albington,  Brentwood  Farm 

63  : 

Davis,  A. 'P 

Westfield,  R.  2 

12 

Davis^  Geo.  N.,  & Son  

do 

8 

22 

Davis'  J.  H.. . / 

Edinburg,  R.  2 

12  1 

6 

Decker,  C.  C 

Smethpor't,  R.  3 

4 I 

18 

Decker'  G.  Fulmer 

South  Montrose,  Edgwood  Stock  Farm 

18 

Dempsey,  R.  J 

Dushore 

15 

Jackson  Center,  R.  19 

l ; 

13 

Midway ' 

20 

Drew,  Charles  D 

Mansfield,  R.  1 

5 i 

9 

Dunham,  Wm...  . 

Tioga,  R.'l 

3 1 

18 

Dunlap,  L.  E 

Meshoppen 

14 

5 

Eddy,  M.  M. . . . 

Tryonville 

10 

Elde  , J.  B 

Volant,  R.  3 

21 

Ellsworth.  H.  E.,  & Son  

Meshoppen,  R.  5 

26 

Ely,  Dr.  Geo.  W 

Bridgeville,  R.  3 

6 

4 

Evans,  David  L 

Crooked  Creek,  R.  1 

2 

10 

Fletcher,  W.  H.,  & Son  

Wellsboro,  R.  3 

2 

17 

Fogal,  Gustus 

West  Middlesex 

13 

Forbes,  H.  L 

Sandy  Lake,  R.  25 

3 

18 

Forrey,  H.  N 

York 

21 

2 

Gates,  H.  C 

Canton 

26 

Gorham,  F.  W 

Wysox 

24 

4 

Hays,  E.  H . 

Imperial,  R.  1 

18 

Holmes  &.  Gilflllan 

Smethport 

37 

Horton,  Crary  & Co 

Warren 

49 

Howell,  E.  C. 

Wellsboro,  R.  3 

12 

Hunter,  James  W 

Grove  City 

35 

Ideal  Squab  Co.  (Inc  ) 

Butler. 

22 

1 

Kays  G.  B 

Lewistown,  R.  2 

13 

Kennedy.  W.  B 

Wyalusing,  R.  1 

14 

25 

Kerr,  Nathan  

Kingsville 

1 

12 

King  M.  M 

Mercer,  R.  2 

11 

10 

Kna.nfF,  Jacob  F 

Mercer,  R.  6 

4 

11 

Lane  Arthur 

Westfield,  R.  2 

1 

21 

Lathrop  TV.  A Estate 

Montrose,  R.6 

28 

1 

Leslie  J.  Chas 

New  Galilee,  R.  1 

11 

Lotz  A W 

Rochester,  R . 1 

14 

Luzerne  County  Industrial  School  for 

Kis-Lyn 

56 

Boys. 

Lyman  A.  R. -. 

Meshoppen,  R.  4 

3 

45 

Lytle,  L.  E 

Jackson  Center,  R.  20 

5 

11 

McBride  G.  C 

New  Galilee,  R.  3 

3 

15 

McCamant  J M 

West  Chester 

13 

McCracken  J P 

Brookville 

8 

Mclntire  G . TV 

Mercer,  R.  1. 

5 

10 

McKean  J A & E B 

Smethport 

25 

1 

McKee  1 H 

Grove  City,  R.  13 

11 

Manning  L B 

Tioga,  R.  4 

17 

MarkTey  ,F  J 

Tryonville,  Woodland  Farm 

18 

Maryatt,  F.  A 

Townville,  Highland  Home  Farm 

1 

13 

Maryott  L H 

Townville 

11 

Miller  B.  S 

Slippery  Rock,  R . 3 

17 

24 

Minor  O.S  

Volant,  R.  1 - — 

3 

21 

Mollena.ner  E P 

Canonsburg,  R.  1 

11 

3 

Morgan  Reese  

1 South  Montrose 

6 

9 

Mrozek  Joseph 

1 Mahoningtown,  R.  8 

10 

16 

National  Farm  School 

! Farm  School - 

23 

11 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  47 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred.  Grade. 


PENNSYLVANIA— continued. 


Oesterling,  Elias,  & Son 

Paulhamus,  H.  R 

Payne,  E.  J 

Peebles,  T.  V 

Phillips,  G.I 

Ralston,  Harry 

Reddick,  H.  M 

Roberts,  C.  E 

Rohe,  G.  Ralph 

Rosettie,  Daniel 

Schreiner,  F.  T 

Scott  Bros 

Scott,  Chas.  W 

Shaffer,  J.  H.  & H.  L 

Shaw,  Albert  L 

Smith,  W.N 

Spencer,  F.  A.  & J.  J 

Stahlman,  S.  J 

State  Hospital  for  Insane 

Stevens,  Roy 

Stoner,  Robert  B 

Stewart,  L.  J.,  & Sons 

Swisher,  Chas.  P.,  & Son 

Thompson,  G.  Clyde 

United  States  Army  General  Hospit 

Wagner,  Mrs.  F.  W 

Wahl,  Fred  M 

Welch,  M.  Reed 

Wenrich,  Reuben  D 

Wetzel,  C.  A 

White,  J.  P 

White,  Thos.  C 

Wishart,  J.  R 


al  31. 


Butler,  R.  8 

Hepburn  ville 

Jackson  Summit 

Titusville 

Alexandria,  R.  1 

Butler,  R.  1 

Slippery  Rock,  R.  5 

Wyalusing,  R.  1 

Dushore,  R.  R.,  Keystone  Stock  Farm 

Wellsboro,  R.  4 

Titusville 

Coraopolis,  R.  2 

Oakdale,  R.  1 

New  Castle,  R.  2 

Tioga,  R.  4 

Millerton,  R.  1 

do.... 

Brook  ville,  R.  6 

Warren 

Rutland  j R.  1 

New  Castle 

Imperial 

Christiana,  R.  1,  Sunny  Banks  Farm. . 

Chambersburg,  R.  10 

Carlisle 

Titusville,  R.  4 

New  Brighton,  R.  2 

Burgettstown 

Werners  ville.  Grand  View  Farm 

New  Castle,  R.  3 

Hickory,  R.  1.,  Hughes  Hill  Farm 

Westford 

Sharps  ville,  R.  56 


24 

5 


4 

23 

3 

10 

3 

1 


9 

5 

6 
4 
9 

13 

8 

66 

6 

37 

3 

6 

1 


10 

40 

2 

21 

31 

18 


Ayers,  H.  B 

Singleton,  Ernest. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

Westerly 

Woonsocket 


68 

14 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


Burgess,  C.  C 

Campbell,  C.  C 

Gardner,  J.  K 

Hinton,  J.  H 

Jeter,  W.  H 

McCravy,S.  T 

Mayfield,  J.  K 

Mobley,  W.  A 

Patton,  F.  G 

Ravenel,  Rene 

Sahlman,  L 

South  Carolina  Sanatorium 

Spencer,  A.  E 

Wells,  C.  L 


Greenville 

do 

Hartsville 

Greenwood,  R. 

Carlisle 

Spartanburg . . . 

Denmark 

Johnston 

Charleston 

do 

do 

Columbia,  R.  3. 

Clinton 

Greenwood 


1 

6 

61 


13 

2 


1 


21 


40 

12 

21 

1 

18 

5 

12 

13 


17 
16 
11 
11 

25 

3 

100 

18 

4 
1 

12 


47 

18 

16 

1 


17 

8 

15 

39 


43 

12 

33 

13 

13 

10 

19 

11 


38 

61 

14 

17 

37 


SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


Ardmore  Experiment  Station 

Brown,  M.  E 

Casey,  M.  H 

Cleveland,  Robt.  A 

Crow  Creek  Indian  School 

Eaton,  J.  M 

Erwin  & Stevenson 

Gage  & Kurtz 

Howell,  O.  Everett 

King,  Ed 

King,  John  E 

Lagerquist,  S.  A 

Lowthioam,  W.  J 

March,  J.  J 

Miller , Paul 

Nissen,  Peter 

Olson,  B.  O 

Schmidt,  H.  H 

South  Dakota  School  for  Deaf  Mutes 


Ardmore 

Groton 

Madison 

Hetland 

Fort  Thompson, 

Bellefourche 

Groton 

do 

Florence 

Clark 

do 

Lantry 

Milbank 

Hot  Springs 

Willow  Lake 

St.  Onge 

Naples 

Madison 

Sioux  Falls 


16 

3 


13 

1 

4 

19 

32 

9 

4 

9 

3 
2 
1 

4 

13 

6 

4 

19 


12 

10 

11 


21 

28 

13 


4 

13 

26 

8 

11 

40 

8 

30 

2 

7 


48  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 


State  Soldiers’’ Home 

State  Sanatorium  for  Tuberculosis. 

Sunday,  James 

Thompson,  Theo.  H 

United  States  Indian  School 

Youngquist,  A.  G 


Allen,  W.  N 

Banks,  King 

Baseheart,  J.  A 

Brewer,  I.  A 

Chase  & Mullins 

Clark,  R.  M 

Cleveland,  R.  L 

Clifton,  H.  G 

Crump,  D.  H 

Cunningham,  Frank 

Dale  Bros 

Farrell,  J.  O 

Ferguson  Farms 

Henderson,  Elmer 

Lea,  T.  O 

Neergaard,  J.  T 

Moinette,  A.  L 

Paty,  C.E 

Peek,  W.  L 

Perry,  E.  F 

Phelan,  Mrs.  A.  R 

Pressman’s  Home 

Schaefer,  Frank 

Tenn.  School  for  Deaf  and  Dumb... 
Western  Hospital  for  Insane 


Flower  dale  Farm. 


Adamson,  Davis 

Andreasen,  Hans 

Atkinson,!.  I 

Atwood,  E.  A 

Baker,  M 

Bennett,  Geo.  H 

Bennett,  F.  P 

Bennett,  Chas 

Benson,  J.  Perry 

Bodily,  J.  E 

Boyce,  Peter 

Bringhurst,  L.  Scott. 

Broadbent,  J.  T 

Buckway,  Tom 

Cahoon,  Roy 

Cardon,  A.  F 

Carlisle,  Tom 

Chakos,Geo 

Cherry  Hi  1 ID  airy . . . 
Clegg , Lewis  & Joy . . 

Clark,  E.  B 

Clark,  H.  D 

Clark,  E.  H 

Cowan,  Richard 

Cowan,  Lewis 

Crane, H.  S 

Criddle,  Wm 

Dittmore,Geo 

Dougligery , Stavous. 

Erickson,  J.  B 

Fillerup,  Andrew  P. . 

Fowlks,  J.  W 

Frahm,  J.  H 

Gammon , Harry 

Godfrey,  Horace  T 

Graham,  A.  J 

Gurney,  Wm.  F 


Address. 


south  Dakota — continued. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 


Hot  Springs. 

Custer 

Madison 

Astoria 

Rapid  City. . 
Watertown.. 


TENNESSEE. 


Bartlett 

Rains 

Winchester 

Union  City 

Lucy 

Winchester 

Whitehaven 

Bartlett 

Memphis 

Clarksville 

Nashville,  R.  3. 

Buntyn 

Dyersburg 

Bartlett 

Brownsville 

Kingston 

Winchester 

Memphis 

Whitehaven 

Memphis 

Raleigh 

Rogers  ville 

Winchester 

Knoxville 

Bolivar 


Dallas. 


Alpine 

Provo 

Woods  Cross. 

Sandy 

Ogden 

Layton 

Kaysville 

....do 

Woods  Cross. 

Layton 

Provo 

Murray 

do 

Ogden 

Woods  Cross. 

Logan 

Alpine 

Provo 

do 

do 

Farmington.. 

do 

do 

Ogden 

do 

Riverton 

Layton. 
Pleasant  Grove. 
Salt  Lake  City. 
Murray. 

Provo 

Murray. . 

— do.... 
Vineyard. 
Murray . . 

Alpine 

Lehi 


25 


Grade. 


1 

18 

11 

8 

4 

18 

64 

5 

33 

12 

20 

36 

14 

1 

6 

14 

3 

24 

8 

10 

10 

3 

29 

12 

17 

7 

1 

16 

3 

10 

56 

19 

17 

5 

25 

2 

23 

6 

6 

35 

15 

14 

20 

28 

3 

32 

23 

9 

8 

1 

6 

15 

1 

30 

12 

16 

18 

8 

2 

8 

15 

12 

11 

16 

, 17 

11 

34 

24 

12 

16 

10 

22 

i6  ! 

7 

12 

27 

12 

33 

23 

23 

11 

15 

—1 

13 

17 

16 

6 

12 

21 

16 

10 

24 

17 

15 

2 

21 

11 

13 

12 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  49 

HOLSTEIN-FR IESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


UTAH — continued . 


Hatch,  Wilfred 

Hatch,  Gilbert 

Hatch,  Glenn 

Hatch,  Jno.  I 

Hatch,  E.  T 

Hatch,  Ansel 

Harding,  Jesse 

Harding,  Roy 

Hansen , H . P 

Hn  ckley,L.  N 

Hoggan,  Walter 

Holdaway,  Elmer . . 
Holdaway , Albert . . 
Holdaway,  W.  R... 

Hoiby,  H.  C 

Holwe,  H.  E 

Larsen,  Dan 

Lloyd,  E.  G 

Lloyd,  M.  G 

McKay,  T.E 

McQuarrie,  D.S 

McQuarrie,  Paul 

Madsen,  J.  J 

Maddock  & George. 

Marrott,  W.  A 

Marrott , Clarence 

Minor,  M.  O 

Maag,Con 

Moffat,  J.  F 

Morrell,  J.  W 

Moss,  Dan 

Nielsen,  A.  P 

Olsen,  Alma 

Parkin,  H.  G 

Powell,  T.  E 

Pulley,  Andre 

Rawlings,  Mary 

Ritchie,  Lawrence. . . 

Roberts,  Emil 

Robinson,  J.  B 

Rice,  L.  S 

Schenk,  J.  H 

Shumway,  Bradford. 

Satson,  C.  E 

Sjoblom,  Andrew 

Shaw,  Geo.  F 

Smith, G.  F 

Snape,  Jas 

Stone,  A.  H 

Stubbs,  Jno.  W 

Swanson,  C.  E 

Taylor,  Geo.  P 

Taylor,  L.  J 

Taylor,  A.  W 

Thompson,  J.  T 


Woods  Cross 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Provo 

do 

Layton 

Provo 

Woods  Cross. 

Provo 

do 


Ogden 

Murray 

Provo 

Murray 

Provo 

Huntsville 

Woods  Cross... 

do 

Provo 

Salt  Lake  City. 
Pleasant  Grove. 

do 

Provo 

do 

Murray 

Logan 

Woods  Cross... 

Riverton 

Logan 

Woods  Cross... 

Ogden 

American  Fork. 

Provo 

Ogden 

do 

Salt  Lake  City. 

Farmington 

Logan 

Provo 

Alpine... 

Riverton 

Murray 

do 

American  Fork. 
Salt  Lake  City. . 

Charleston 

Harrisville 

Ogden 

do 

Harrisville 

Murray 


5 

ii' 


44 

23 


9 

8 

7 


22 

"i 


13 

13 

10 

9 

15 
20 

13 
10 
17 

14 

13 
4 

22 

21 

28 

49 

14 
17 
10 
12 

16 
12 
13 
87 
22 
20 
11 
10 
10 
16 
11 


6 

14 
16 
11 
10 

15 
19 
12 
10 
24 
10 
17 
11 
10 
11 

102 


14 

30 

14 

13 

23 


VERMONT. 


Anderson,  L.  H 

Atkinson,  Earle 

Austin,  C.  H.,  & J.  Hutton 

Bailey,  L.  J 

Balch,  H.  A 

Bancroft, Dr.  E.  H.,SunnysideFarm. 

Bancroft.  F.  C 

Barber,  Arthur  C 

Bates,  G.  H 

Beard,  R.  E.,&  Co 

Beck,  R.  E 

Bedor,  George 

uemis,  C.  A 

Billings,  B.  A 

Billings,  Chester  R 

Bingham,  Roy 

Bjorn,  J.  C 


West  Glover 

Plainfield 

Cabot 

Williamstown. . . 

Hardwick 

Barre 

do 

Plainfield 

Newport  Center. . 

Orange 

Royalton 

St.  Johnsbury. . . 
Williamstown — 

Rochester 

do 

Middlebury 

Randolph  Center. 


15 


29 

12 

4 

8 


4 


2 


24 


2 


2 

12 

5 

6 
6 
2 

22 

35 

15 

5 

24 


12 

18 

10 

9 

11 


12650°— 20 4 


50  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN — Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred. 

Grade. 

Vermont — continued. 

Bousquet,  A 

Lowell 

OQ 

Boutin,  John 

Lake 

ZO 

99 

Boynton,  L.  D 

Morris  ville 

ZZ 

14 

1 A 

Bra  men,  Frank 

Washington... 

Briggs,  Merton  E 

Barre 

10 

IQ 

Briggs,  William  P 

Williamstown . . . 

13 

AO 

1 

Bump,  W.  F 

Salisbury 

13 

1 ^ 

Burditt,  George  E 

Rochester 

Burnham,  Elmer 

Marshfield 

AO 

19 

Cano,  M 

Barre 

11 

Carl,  Theo 

Lowell 

1A 

Carsbn,  Fred  J 

Danville. 

4 

AO 

18 

10 

Cass,  William  H 

Clark,  A.  G 

U nion  V illage. . . 

98 

Clark,  Mrs.  Kate, HomeFarm 

West  Milton 

zo 

26 

Clark,  T.  C.  (Mary  Clark  estate) 

Williston 

20 

Clark,  Wright 

97 

Cline,  F.  G 

South  Newbury.. 

2 

23 

Colby,  E.  J 

Plainfield 

17 

Conarit,  Vance 

V ershire 

10 

Conrad,  L.  M 

Hardwuck 

19 

Corbin,  C.  S 

Cornwall 

17 

Corliss,  G.  M 

East  S wanton 

29 

Cummings,  George  I 

Montpelier. 

15 

12 

Cumming,  J.  A 

Barre 

22 

Currier,  W.  S 

Island  Pond. 

18 

Curtis,  E.  A 

4 

56 

Curtis,  Victor 

Washington 

18 

Cushman,  E.  B 

New  Haven 

19 

Cutler,  Carleton 

Springfield 

11 

Davis,  Charles  S 

Norton  Mills 

26 

Dillon,  Edward  A 

Bristol 

45 

Drennan,  R.  F 

Woodbury  Center 

27 

Duffy,  Walter  F 

Windsor. . . . 

39 

Dupuis,  George 

Washington 

23 

Dwinell,  H.  A 

Marshfield . . . 

4 

14 

Elliot,  Lee 

Island  Pond 

20 

Emerson,  C.  W 

Barre 

10 

Emerson,  F.  B 

Orange..  .. 

18 

Fisher,  D.  L 

Randolph. 

20 

Flynn,  L.  M 

West  Topsham  

3 

g 

Forbes,  Catherine  A 

St.  Johnsbury. 

2 

18 

Gardner,  C.  W 

Newport 

39 

Gifford,  Charles  E 

Bethel 

23 

Gilbert,  Lewis  D 

Morrisville . . 

2 

25 

Gilman,  G.  A 

Orleans 

14 

Gove,  Elmer  E 

Burlington 

6 

7 

Gray,  L.  M; 

Plainfield  . 

17 

11 

Greene,  James  E 

Waterbury.. 

13 

42 

Hallock,  W.  P 

Vergennes... 

21 

3 

Hardy,  F.  M 

North  Troy 

6 

Harte,  M.  D 

Vergennes 

22 

Holmes,  F.  E 

Randolph  Center 

19 

House,  L.  W 

Bloomfield 

12 

Howard,  F.  W 

Randolph 

17 

Howe,  James 

Barre 

14 

Hutchins,  George 

East  Barre ! 

14 

Hyland,  M.  W 

Williamstowm i 

19 

Jennings,  W.  B 

East  Wallingford 

56 

Johnson,  Andrew 

East  Montpelier 

21 

Johnson,  A.  F.,&  Son 

Bradford 

41 

Joslyn,  W.  C 

Waitsfield 

27 

Kittredge,  H.  Z 

Danville 

13 

7 

LaBelle,  W.  J 

White  River  Junction 

5 

g 

LaFlower,  Napoleon 

Williamstown 

13 

Lamorav,  E.  G i 

West  Glover  

19 

Leavitt,  L.  D 

Greensboro  Bend 

26 

Leonard,  L.  E 

Pittsford 

22 

Leonard,  Willard 

Glover  . . 

14 

Letter,  Eugene 

Barre 

21 

Libby,  F.  A 

Chelsea 

16* 

Linton,  G.  C 

Randolph  Center  

23 

Macauley,  D.  F 

Shoreham 

39 

Marsceill,  E dgar 

Bristol  

32 

43 

Martin,  W.  E 

Norwich 

6 

15 

Martyn,  Murray 

Plainfield 

18 

33 

Martin,  R.  J 

Rochester 

10 

1 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  51 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with 
out  reactors. 

Purebred.  Grade. 

Vermont — continued. 

Thetford  . 

16 

4 

Salisbury.  

14 

43 

.do  . 

16 

Merrill,H.  J.,&  Son,  Home  Farm 

26 

6 

Bethel  . 

15 

19 

25 

Plainfield  

16 

19 

Newell,  G.  J 

Plainfield 

5 

21 

21 

16 

25 

Ordwav,  York 

4 

14 

19 

28 

Perkins,  George,  & Son 

56 

4 

# 4 

38 

Phelps,  A.  W . . ! 

5 

15 

33 

50 

20 

6 

12 

42 

Powell,  C.  C 

8 

14 

19 

Purdy,  J.  L> 

36 

Randa,  E . J 

South  Royalton.  

15 

Richardson,  H.  A 

Lowell | 

34 

Richardson,  H.  S 

W estfleld 

42 

Riddel,  Charles 

Williamstown f 

22 

Robinson,  W 

South  Hero 

24 

2 

Robinson,  W.  H 

Sharon.. 

36 

Rouhan,  James 

Barre 

2 

28 

Rutherford,  D.S 

Woodstock.. 

15 

Sanborn,  L.  F 

Barre  _ 

8 

26 

Sanders,  P.  G 

Granite  ville 

20 

Sawin,  E.  D.,  & Son 

Windsor  

20 

Scott,  N.  T 

Newport  

15 

Seaver,  F.  C 

W illiamstown 

24 

Seaver,  W.  M 

.do  

12 

Shackett,  E.T  

New  Haven. 

41 

Sicard,  J 

Barton 

11 

Skinner,  H.  A 

B arre  

1 

22 

Smalley,  E.  A 

Morrisville 

2 

1 

Smith,  A.  T.,  & Son 

B arre  

42 

9 

Smith,  H.  E 

Williamstown 

31 

Smith,  J.  E 

White  River  Junction 

14 

10 

Smith,  W.  H 

Barre 

6 

14 

Spooner,  B.  C 

Randolph 

11 

Spooner,  S.  M 

Bethel 

11 

Sprague,  James  P 

East  Brookfield 

5 

26 

Stanclifie,  G.  S 

Morrisville  

6 

35 

Stevens,  H.  H 

Bloomfield  . 

21 

Stevenson,  M.  A 

Newport 

15 

St.  Paul’s  Church,  J.  A.  Harrington, 

Vergennes 

32 

trustee. 

Strobridge,  F.  E 

Barnet  

22 

Swane,  J.  A 

Brookfield 

3 

24 

Thomas,  0.  A 

Rutland 

58 

Thorbum,  Andrew 

N orwich  

2 

21 

Town,  Dean  P 

Plainfield 

13 

Tripp,  E.  R 

Williamstown 

27 

Turner,  William  B 

Orange 

4 

6 

Tuttle,  G.  M 

South  Londonderry 

66 

University  of  V ermont 

Burlington 

15 

Vermont  Marble  Co: 

Florence  Farm 

Proctor  

67 

M.  H.  Reynolds  Farm 

73 

V ermont  Sanitarium 

Pittsford 

16 

Waite,  S.  B 

Hyde  Park 

11 

Ward,  B.  S.,  Flannagan  Farm 

Moretowm 

38 

5 

Washburn,  A.  B 

Brookfield 

22 

Wheeler,  W.  P 

Plainfield 

14 

Wheeler  & Keeler 

North  Craftsbury 

16 

White  Bros 

West  Topsham 

1 17 

8 

52  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

j Cattle  onc< 
out  r( 

Purebred. 

Vermont — continued. 

Whitney,  Ora 

Barre  . 

O 

Wilcox,  Ralph  C 

Randolph  Center 

A 

3 

Willey,  L.  M 

Barton 

Wing,  W.  H 

St.  Johnsbury . 

Rochester. 

20 

Woodman.  W.  S. . 

Vergennes... 

Woodward,  C.  L 

South  Royalton 

12 

Young,  F.  L 

Randolph  Center 

VIRGINIA. 

Akers,  P.  D 

R ocky  mount 

A 

Andes,  A.  J 

Bealeton... 

Andes,  S.  K 

Remington. 

A 

Anthony,  W.  P 

Harrisonburg 

1 i 

Ashby,  W.  W 

Remington 

Atkinson,  W.  P 

Dumbarton. 

Baptist  Orphanage 

Salem 

Barbour,  J.  S 

Fairfax 

Beahm,  G.  W 

Midland 

• 

Beane  Bros 

Catiett . . 

Beck,  C.  Nelson 

C harlottes  ville 

7 

Beck,  X 

Richmond 

a 

o 

2 

Bishop,  J.  S 

Hampton,  R.  R 

Boteler,  R.  E 

Remington 

Bowman,  J 

Callaway. 

a 

Bowman,  L.  A 

o 

a 

Boyer,  J.  M 

W oodstock. . 

o 

B ready,  Geo.  R 

Herndon 

Burkholder  Bros 

B urner  C W^ 

Harrisonburg,  R.  1 . . 

Bush,  H.  B.,  & Bro. . . 
Cameron  F M 

Water  lick 

Miehaux 

Carter,  F.  Scott 

McLean 

Warrenton,  R 1 

i 

Cassell,  John 

Calverton 

Cheney  Bros 

Randolph 

Clark,  C.  F 

Culpeper 

c 

Clark,  J.  C 

Mount  Jackson 

o 

A 

Clarkson,  J.  A 

Brooke  wood 

Clingenpeel,  C.  J 

Boone  Mill 

AO 

Coffman,  J.  A 

Bealeton  . . 

Comer.  W.  N 

Luray 

Crabill,  D.  M 

Toms  Brook 

o 

Crenshaw,  H.  J 

Charlottesville 

JJ 

Crenshaw,  W.  G 

Crowell  J L 

Orange 

Cummings,  J.  S.  D 

Vienna 

Hampton 

Curies  Neck  Farm 

Richmond..  . 

Q 

Davis,  C.  B 

Witt 

o 

Delp,  Strawder 

Fairfax 

Diehl,  W.  L 

Nokesville 

Drinker,  Geo.  R 

Richmond 

1 

Dunlop,  Davis 

Petersburg  . 

27 

Eakin,  J.  L 

Blacksburg 

Edmonson,  W.  G 

McLean. . 

i 

Ferguson,  L.  C 

Herndon 

± 

Fitzwater,  I.  B 

Nokesville 

Funkhouser,  Arthur 

Midland 

Funkhouser,  G.  C 

Fairfax 

Gaskins,  W.  T 

Catlett  . . 

Gentry,  P.  H 

Charlottesville 

i 

Glaettli,  Carl 

Catlett  . 

l 

Gold,  J.  C 

Winchester 

Golladay,  Ernest. . . . 

W oodstock. . 

GoUaday,  W.  L 

2 

Good,  D.  A 

Remington 

Green,  John  S. . . 

Manassas.... 

Griffith,  J.  T.,jr 

Hamilton 

Groves,  0.  A 

Remington 

Gwin,  C.  A 

Alexandria.. 

Hale  & Fogle 

Nokesville 

Hall,  H.T 

Roanoke. . 

Hannah,  F.  R 

Fincastle.. 

Harpine,  J.  W 

Mount  Jackson 

9 

Harrison,  H.  B 

Purcellville 

A 

Hepner,  S.  B 

W oodstock 

Hiner,  Geo.  D 

Manassas 

O 

Grade. 


6 

11 

41 

11 

11 

40 

22 

18 

13 

54 
17 

5 

17 
19 
12 
19 
27 
27 
13 
19 
46 
13 
64 

18 

44 
92 
13 
19 
18 
22 
12 

5 

18 

45 

27 
32 

55 

17 
' 27 

13 

13 

1 

18 
23 
18 
21 
12 
15 
12 
31 
41 

15 
11 

8 

12 

28 
12 
10 

16 
12 
29 
27 

7 

17 

12 

11 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  53 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  ret 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

Virginia — continued. 

12 

38 

Hoi  land , E d war  d 

Eastville  

18 

Hollins  College 

Hollins 

52 

7 

Hoover,  W.  C 

Timberville 

32 

Howard,  W.  L 

Manassas 

14 

Huff,  P.  C 

Roanoke 

103 

Isenberg,  Mrs.  F.  C 

Catlett 

43 

Ivy,  W.  S 

5 

12 

20 

37 

Jeffress^  T.  F 

1 

13 

19 

Jones,  B.  W 

Dry  Fork...  . 

41 

Kesler,  P.  W 

19 

Kimberly,  J.  B 

14 

Kirkpatrick,  Webster 

Ashburn . . 

15 

Lary,  S.  P./ 

N orge 

4 

20 

Laughlin,  Clifton 

McLean 

5 

13 

Leigh,  H.  V 

12 

19 

Lohr,  A.  B 

2 

37 

16 

Lynn,  Mrs.  Roberta 

Bristow 

22 

HcClanahan,  C.  G 

Vienna 

15 

McComb,  F.  W 

3 

49 

23 

Mack,  Albert 

1 

10 

Manassas  Industrial  School 

Manassas 

13 

2 

Marshall,  R 

Williamsburg 

16 

Martin,  R.  C 

Bealeton . . 

26 

Martin,  W.  G.,  & Son 

Remington 

4 

33 

Mason,  S.  M 

Gainesville 

25 

Mateer,  R.  E 

Hunter 

16 

Middleton,  M.  H 

Herndon 

Miller,  J.C 

Sperryville. . 

H 

52 

Miller,  J.  P.  F 

Bealeton . . 

7 

24 

Miller,  W.  0 

Manassas 

12 

Millman,  J.  M 

Bealeton . . . 

39 

Mohler,  F.N 

Herndon 

15 

20 

Morris,  Jas.  S 

Charlottesville 

2 

20 

Myers,  H.  F 

Clifton  Station 

51 

Naff,  J.  A 

Boone  Mill 

2 

23 

Neff,  E.  E 

Fairfax 

21 

Nichols,  A 

Remington 

16 

Nuckols,  0.  N 

Rio  Vista 

3 

37 

Oliver,  H.  L 

Vienna 

27 

Ott,  F.  C 

Remington 

15 

Owen  & Owen  (Inc.) 

Denniston 

J 

19 

Parker,  D.  W 

Burke  ville 

27 

Parrish,  J.  Scott 

Drewrys  Bluff 

17 

71 

Patillo,  Z.  C 

Dumbarton 

1 

34 

Payne,  J.  I 

Nokesville 

24 

Payne,  R.  B 

Round  Hill 

13 

Peck  & Bayne 

Fincastle 

28 

Perrow,  W.  B 

Remington 

16 

Piercv,  J M 

GaLuesville 

3 

24 

Pitzer,  A.  N 

Roanoke 

32 

Porterfield,  T.  G 

Mountain  Lake 

27 

Pratt,  L.  W 

Farmville 

40 

Printz,  R.  C 

Ashburn 

6 

10 

Radford  Creamery 

Radford 

5 

37 

RatcUffe,  John  R . 

Richmond 

5 

4 

Rawlings,  A.  A 

Rectortown 

6 

H 

Reeves,  Geo.  R 

Ballston 

36 

Rhodes,  F.  H 

Calverton 

1 

14 

Riffe,  H.  H • 

Elliston 

8 

11 

Rodgers,  C.  C 

Herndon 

23 

Rogers,  H.C 

Hamilton 

19 

Rogers  & Rogers 

Herndon 

14 

Rosenkrans,  E.  E 

Saved  ge 

12 

2 

Ross,  G.  W 

Stuart 

8 

22 

Ruffin,  Jas.  Mcl 

Petersburg 

23 

Russell  Bros 

Clearbrook 

34 

Russell,  J.  W 

War  rent  on 

3 

6 

Sager,  G.  R 

Woodstock 

11 

54  Department  Circular  143,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN — Continued. 


Name. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Address. 


Virginia — continued. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


Schmidt,  E.  G 

Shackelford,  J.  H 

Shaner,  Jos.  S 

Sharitz,  T.J.B 

Sinclair.  J.  C 

Slaughter,  D.  A 

Slauson,  E.  M 

Slusher,  E.  A 

Smith,  G.  L 

Smith,  O.  E 

Smith,  W.  M 

Spitler,  W.  V ” 

Spitzer,  J.  E 

Stickley,  P.  B 

Sullins  College 

Sullivan,  Sam,  & Son. . . 

Suthard,  C.  P 

Thomas,  S.  G 

Tiiiett,  t.  it 

Troutt,  Dr.  Hugh 

Turner,  Mark 

Twiford,  Jas.,  jr 

Vaux,  Mrs.  E.  M 

Vinyard,  W.  H 

Virginia  Normal  & Industrial' School’ 

Walker,  J.  F 

Walters,  J.  M 

Warren,  M.  C.,  & Son 

Watkins,  G.  D 

West,  J.  W.,  & Son 

Western  State  Hospital. . . 

Whaley,  C.  O 

Wheeler,  N.  A 

Whitehead,  R.  D 

Whitesel,  D.  Roy 

Williams,  E.  D 

Williams,  O.  L 

Wine,  J.  D . . . 

Wingfield,  J.  R i 

Wittig,  I.  N 

wood,  w.  g 

Woodfin,  S.  B ’ ' ‘ 

Woods,  Mrs.  Susan  A ~ ’ 

Yeatts,  Benjamin 


1 Richmond 

97 

Elkwood 

I Natural  Bridge 

Wythe  ville 

4 

Mitchells 

C 

i Williamsburg 

Manassas 

O 

Morrison 

Harmony  Village .....' 

24 

Remington 

Nokesville 

Midland 

Stephens  City 

Bristol 

Brandy  Station . . . 

12 

Catlett 

Grant. 


Ashbum 

2 

19 

8 

Roanoke 

Vienna 

Norfolk 

McLean 

Vinton 

1 

Petersburg 

Woodstock 

4 

McLean 

Hot  Springs 

Fairfax 



Hampton,  R.  1 . . . 

Staunton 

McLean 

Wellington 



Chatham 

Harrisonburg 

2 

8 

East  Falls  Church 

Round  Hill 

Forestville 

Charlottesville 

2 

Gainesville 

Roanoke 

Sterling . . 
Dry  Fork 


30 

4 

10 

13 

51 

21 

10 

24 

26 

18 

11 

20 

49 

22 

'ii 

15 
78 
13 
24 
11 

4 

33 

16 
6 

29 

38 

23 

22 

64 

16 

17 
45 

9 

'29 

10 

34 
23 

18 
19 
16 
11 


WASHINGTON. 


Allen,  J.  T 

Barclay,  C.  H 

Bekins,  Daniel 

Bell,  T.C 

Buck  & Hoem 

Burlingame,  F.  O 

Busch,  Ernest 

Christanson,  R.  R . . . . . 
Compton,  J.  T.,  & Son 

Dean,  E.  P 

Dickson,  Ernest  A 

Eldridge,  Charles 

Fowler,  H.  E 

Frame,  Price 

Franz,  John 

Gabby,  Charles  E 

Galvin,  George  J 

Gass,M.C 

Graham,  C 

Gross,  William  E 

Hamilton,  A.  O 

Hamilton,  Dennis 

Hamilton,  Frank 

Hamilton , Harry 

Hansen,  H.C 

Harrison,  W.H 

Hollywood  Farm 

Horan,  Mike,  & Sons. . . 

Hunsley , G . H 

Ide,G.B 


Palouse 

Pullman 

Bothell 

Colville 

Snohomish. . . 

Chehalis 

Cheney 

Everett 

Wenatchee. . . 
Walla  Walla . 

Colbert 

Chimacum . . . 
East  Sound . . 

Ceres 

Cheney 

Pullman 

Centralia 

Bluecreek 

Ferndale 

Walla  Walla. 

Satsop 

Chehalis 


Forest 

Chehalis.... 
Sunnyside . 
Hollywood. 
Wenatchee. 
Hillyard . . . 
Colville.... 


31 

33 

9 

22 


11 

7 


44 


11 


5 

5 


38 

30 

32 

13 

7 

29 


151 

37 

5 

5 


17 


4 

19 

16 

24 

13 


15 

14 

12 

12 

12 


’i9 


13 

13 

33 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  55 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

s tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Washington — continued . 

Jones,  David 

Dabob 

14 

Kelly,  D.  J.,  & T.  Williams 

Sunnyside 

46 

Kempendonk,  C.  H 

g 

Lee  Bros 

14 

; 

Lee,  C.  J 

12 

McCormick,  John 

g 

A 

McKinney,  E.  S 

Walla  Walla  .... 

T 

Meeker,  It.  D 

Deer  Park 

1-t 

11 

Moses,  E.M.  & A.  M 

Chehalis 

g 

Nelson,  R.  S.  & M.  G 

Espannla 

9 

25 

Porter,  J.  D 

Spokane 

13 

Pratt,  C.  E.,jr 

Port  Orchard 

5 

Rayton , L.  F 

9 

i n 

Rector,  Jess  & Laura 

Tono 

11 

1U 

19 

Rector,  W.  I 

9 

lo 

19 

Roundtree,  G.  0 

Klaber 

9 

Scribner,  J.  W 

14 

AR 

Shoultes,  H.  R 

23 

Todd,  William,  & Son 

N orth  Y akima 

47 

Tulalip  Indian  School 

Tulalip 

25 

Tyson  & McKelheer 

N orth  Y akima 

37 

Van  Belle,  C.  G 

g 

Washington  State  College 

Pullman 

24 

White,  W.  R 

Sunnyside 

11 

Young,  Fred 

Chehalis 

15 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Ball,  S-.  S 

Ravenswood . . 

9 

Becken,  Theodore 

Wheeling,  R.  R 

Z9 

14- 

Becker,  Daniel 

Wheeling,  R.  2 

li 

16 

Caldwell,  Dr.  J.  R 

Wheeling 

10 

Caldwell,  James 

Short  Creek 

9 

Cavalier  & Son,  C.  J 

Harpers  Ferry 

9 

Church,  Charles  W 

Morgantown  R.  R. 

1 

Z 
1 1 

Creamer,  John  P 

Kearnevsville 

11 

IQ 

Crow,  Charles  L 

Elm  Grove 

3 

lu 

7 

Cummings,  L.  0 

Charleston 

i 

i a 

Curry,  J.  F 

Fort  Springs 

ID 

40 

1 9 

Curtis,  Salathiel 

West  Alexander,  Pa 

Davis,  S.  Erlow 

Janelew 

7 

1Z 

22 

99 

Dunkle,  E.  P 

Huntington,  R.  R 

Everett,  J.  A 

Ona i 

IQ 

Fischer,  Louis 

Triadelphia 

J u 

AZ, 

Hill,  Mrs.  Wm 

Bethany . . 

16 

on 

Hugh,  Samuel  D 

Wheeling,  R.  2 

zu 

10 

Hunt,  Edward 

West,  Alexander,  Pa  R,  R 

O 

10 

Kanawha  Hotel  Co 

Charleston 

o 

\ 

Linton,  Mrs.  C.  A 

Triadelphia 

o^± 

16 

Livesay,  E.  E 

Lewisburg . . . 

Q 

Marple,  G.  E 

Wheeling,  R.  3 

O 

00 

1 9 

Miller,  Earl 

West  Liberty .. . . 

1Z 

i n 

Miller,  Edward 

Wheeling,  Edpinat.rm  Lane 

o 

1U 

n 

Mooney,  C.  L 

Charleston,  R.  2 

Z 

y 

14 

1 7 

Mount  DeChantel  Academy 

Wheeling 

4 

North,  B.  S 

Wheeling,  R.  1. 

1 / 

1 C 

Ohio  County  Farm 

Wheeling 

0 

1 

lo 

97 

Schmidt,  N.  J 

Wheeling,  R.  2 

o ( 
1 A 

Schmetz,  Joe  A 

Elm  Grove 

29 

10 

Seiber,  John  A 

Triadelphia 

19 

Stone,  W.  E 

Wheeling  R.  R 

19 

1Z 
1 A 

Tuckwiller  & Livesay 

White  Sulphur  Springs 

1Z 

28 

lo 
1 7 

Vorholt,Bros 

Charleston,  R.  R.. 

1 i 
i n 

Wagley,  H.  W 

Kearneysville 

1U 

94. 

Ward,  Ernest 

Huntington,  R.  1 

z<± 

1 ft 

Ware,  J.  W 

Shepherdstown 

9 

lo 

16 

no 

Wells,  R.M 

Woods . . 

Z 

o 

Williams  and  Worefel 

Huntington,  box  96 . . 

o 

g 

Zo 

26 

WISCONSIN. 

Alberts,  Edwin  F 

W atertown. . . . 

10 

Q 

Alexander,  Phil 

Barron 

O 

Oft 

Alexander,  Wm 

Ableman.. 

9 

ZO 

17 

91 

Allen,  Harry 

Winniconne 

Z 

Allen,  Harry  0 

Allenville . . 

1 1 

31 

Anderson,  H.  E 

Cumberland 

1 1 
9 

56  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested  witli- 


Name. 


Address. 


out  reactors. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


WiscoN  sin — continued . 


Andrus,  M.  P.,  & Sons. . . 

Anson-Eldred  Co 

Amunson,  Henry 

Ascott,  Mrs.  W.  H 

Austin-Blaine  Farm  Co 

Barber,  George 

Bauer,  Frank,  & Sons 

Baumgartner,  W.  C 

Becker,  M.  P 

Beers,  Ray 

Behrehndt,  Henry 

Berg.  C.  O 

Bergm,  John  J 

Berner,  A.  O 

Bethel  Academy 

Bentow,  Levi 

Bolgei\  JohnC 

Boss,  Ulrich  C 

Bowers,  T.  C 

Brace,  H.  A 

Bratberg,  Ansel 

Bratberg,  O.  N 

Braun,  Geo 

Briekbauer,  Carl 

Brickbauer,  J.  J 

Brill,  John  P.,jr 

Brobst,  Frank 

Brown,  S.  A.,  & Son 

Bruggink,  Ed 

Buchanan,  T.  Y 

Buckholtz,  Herman  & Son 

Buehring,  Herman 

Buelke,  Geo.  W 

Buelke,  Paul 

Buetow,  Levi 

Buettner,  Arthur 

Bussewitz,  W.  E 

Buttles,  E.  C 

Calder,  Archie 

Calkins,  W.  E 

Chaplin,  E.  W.: 

Farm  No.  1 

Farm  No.  2 

Christianson,  Clarence 

Christianson,  Elmer 

Christianson,  Julius  O 

Christianson,  W.  R 

Chrouser,  James  L.,  & Bro. 

Claflin  Bros 

Cody,  John  F 

Collins  Bros 

Comings,  W.  S 

Connelly,  Edd 

Cornelius,  Chas 

Cummings,  J.  O 

Danielson,  G.  D 

Davies,  Dallas  E 

Denfield,  Arthur 

De  Preston,  Ed 

Dettmann,  Henry 

Dickinson,  Nathan,  & Son . 

Diener,  Frank 

Diercks,  Henry 

Eagan,  Jos 

Earl,  H.  H 

Eastman,  S.  A 

Ells,  G.  W.,  & Ross  H 

Engebretson,  Elmer  G 

Erdman,  A.  F 

Erickson,  Sam 

Ewings,  Everett  C 

Falk,  A.  F 

Friebel,  Ed 

Funk,  E.  F 

Gadson,  E.  Clark 

Gadson,  John  E 

Garrity,  John 


. Plymouth 

. Stiles 

. Allen  ville 

. Sparta 

. Boscobel 

. Winneconne. . . 

. Weyauwega 

. Monticello 

. Hartford 

. Lake  Beulah.. . 

. Athens 

Stoughton 

Watertown 

Larsen 

Bethel 

Cadott 

Waterloo 

Oshkosh 

Waupaca 

Lone  Rock 

Holmen 

do 

Greenwood 

Elkhart  Lake . . 

do 

Sheboygan 

Mondovi 

Hubbleton 

Oostburg 

New  Auburn. . . 

Manawa 

Oshkosh 

Plymouth 

Waldo 

Cadott 

Bay  City 

Juneau 

Lake  Beulah. .. 

Allen  ville 

Winniconne..-. 

Waldo 

— -do 

Allen  ville 

Larsen 

do 

Hortonville 

Stratford 

Mondovi.. 

New  Richmond 

Kendall 

Eau  Claire 

Luck 

Larsen 

Neenah 

Scandinavia 

Elkhorn 

Wausau 

Ellsworth 

Adell 

Lake  Geneva . . . 
Random  Lake. . 

Bryant 

Winniconne 

Eagle 

Plymouth 

Delavan 

Gratiot 

Neenah 

Sheridan 

Jim  Falls 

Auburndale 

Deerbrook 

Jamesville 

Marshfield 

do 

Manawa 


28 

7 

1 

51 

19 

26 

34 

Ofl 

5 

ZU 

22 

25 

22 

16 

17 

18 

12 

16 

31 

2 

13 

2 

24 

19 

13 

7 

10 

22 

17 

52 

3 

2 

21 

22 

2 

20 

18 

1 

15 

4 

24 

9 

29 

6 

29 

4 

22 

6 

30 

6 

25 

30 

16 

6 

9 

19 

35 

6 

12 

14 

3 

23 

5 

21 

15 

32 

2 

11 

12 

16 

2 

21 

37 

19 

11 

2 

24 

23 

17 

13 

20 

17 

is 

5 

26 

54 

2 

4 

13 

4 

12 

14 

26 

20 

1 

12 

33 

15 

5 

20 

15 

35 

3 

24 

19 

29 

2 

10 

16 

3 

24 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  57 


HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN— Continued . 


Name. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Address. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


Wisconsin— continued. 


Garside,  Harry 

Geraldson,  Morton 

Gibson,  O.  E 

Giese,  John 

Gilbert,  Wm 

Gleiter,  G.  G 

Goelzer,  Conrad 

Goelzer,  Roland 

Goetz,  W.  F.. 

Gormley,  J.  E.,  Farm  No.  2 

Gramling  Bros 

Green,  H.  W 

Greenwood,  C.  F 

Grenlie,  O.  H 

Gresch,  Fred 

Griesbach,  Jacob 

Gronert,  Arnold 

Grove,  Albert ; 

Grove,  Christian 

Guenthner,  Adam 

Gustavson,  Norman  W 

Gutschenritter,  A.  J 

Habeck,  Louis 

Haese,  Julius 

Haggerty,  Jerry 

Haire,  E.  E 

Hallett,  Harvey 

Haney,  O.  A 

Hansen,  Chas.  A , 

Hanson,  Soren 

Harder,  John  H 

Hart,  D.  A 

Haseleu,  M.  T 

Hawes,  L.  F 

Hayward  Indian  School 

Heagle,  Ed 

Hebert,  D.  E 

Heil,  F 

Heinzelman,  M.  H 

Held,  Frank 

Herman,  Emil 

Hesselberg,  A.  E 

Hesselberg,  J.  L 

Hesselberg,  Walter 

Hoesly,  A.C 

Hoesly,  Anton  H 

Hoesly,  Baltz: 

Farm  No.  1 

Farm  No.  2 

Hoesly,  Gilbert  P 

Hoffman,  R.  W 

Holbrook,  Chas 

Horlamus,  J.,  & Son 

Hoverson,  Theo 

Howard,  M.  C 

Howard,  J.  W 

Hruska,  Ed.  W 

Hudson,  J.  L 

Huenink  & Lubach 

Huffcut,  J.  H 

Hyde,  S.  Y 

Indermuehle,  Henry 

Jenks,  Calvin 

Jensen,  J.  P 

Jochimsen,  Edwin  J 

Jochimsen,  Rudolph 

Johnson,  K.  N 

Johnson,  Sam  L 

Johnston,  Frank  R 

Jones,  S.  B.,  & Son 

Jorgenson,  Loyal 

Kahler,  Herman 

Kalmerton,  Floyd 

Keller,  H.  R 

Kelly,  J.  H 

Keshena  Indian  School 


Oostburg 

Manitowoc 

Eau  Claire 

Logan  ville 

Elkhorn 

Barron 

Plymouth 

do 

Stratford 

Delavan 

Dousman 

Antigo 

Lake  Mills 

Scandinavia 

Antigo 

Greenville 

Watertown 

Columbus 

do 

Antigo 

Manitowoc 

Hartford 

Random  Lake 

Winneconne 

• Waldo. 

Weyauwega 

Appleton 

Lone  Rock 

Waupaca 

Larsen 

Plymouth 

Neenah 

Waterloo,  Gilt  Edge  Farm 

Pewaukee 

Hayward 

Cadott 

Unity 

Wausau 

Ripon 

Adell 

Edgar 

Rockland 

do 

Bangor 

New  Glarus 

Eau  Claire 

New  Glarus 

do 

do 

Winniconne 

Plymouth 

West  Bend 

Barron 

Cameron 

Gennesee 

Antigo 

Lavalle 

Cedar  Grove 

Ogdensburg 

La  Crosse 

Hartford 

Holmen 

Scandinavia 

New  Holstein 

do 

Larsen 

do 

Watertown 

do 

Larsen 

Hillsboro 

Shebo3rgan  Falls 

Stratford 

Chippewa  Falls 

Shawano 


21 

24 

15 


17 

4 

28 

27 

12 

18 
24 

3 

5 
20 
10 


11 

25 

41 

2 

6 

5 

5 


21 


6 

2 

4 


20 


28 


5 

15 


13 

2 

11 

2 


7 

21 

14 

39 

9 

36 


7 

27 

7 

2 

30 

6 

14 

13 

16 

37 

2 

3 


4 

9 


31 

27 


9 

3 

2 

15 


1 


11 

42 

25 


9 


20 

6 

3 

27 

26 


18 

7 

6 

15 

19 

1 

15 


23 

10 

21 

8 

25 


15 

40 

11 

17 
2 

12 

12 

15 

18 
17 
13 
30 

3 

7 


20 

2 


10 

22 

3 

12 

19 

9 


22 

25 

13 

30 

17 

17 

11 


8 

18 

12 

14 

16 

35 

44 


58  Department  Circular  U3 , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

i tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Kleinhesslink,  John  J 

WISCONSIN— continued. 
Oostburg.. . 

3 
21 
34 
17 

4 
31 
10 

14 

6 

1 

26 

4 

( 12 

24 
18 

6 

5 
12 
16 

26 

12 

4 

4 
13 

25 

3 

5 
5 

Kloehn,  John  F 

Knecht,  Andrew 

Knick,  Gus 

Hillsboro 

Knoke,  0.  F 

Koch,  Wm 

Konecny,  Jos.  F . 

Konrad  & Japp 

Larsen 

Kruschke,  A.  C 

13 

12 

18 

Kruschke,  Harold 

Kruse,  Conrad 

Kukuk,  Geo 

Randolph 

Kunz,  R.  F 

Eland 

Kyes,  S.  M 

19 

4 

3 

7 

12 

Lane,  Otis  W 

Larsen,  Theo 

Lasch,  Geo 

Laux,  John  J 

Lebies,  Otto 

Bloomer 

Lebies,  T.  J 

3 

23 
10 

24 
23 
13 

5 

10 

4 

5 

Lehmann,  F.  G 

Lehmann,  Wm.  J 

Lenz,  W.  G 

Lepien,  Raymond  D 

Liebenstein,  Geo 

Adell 

Liebenstein,  Harvey  G 

Liebenstein,  P.  J 

Adell 

Lindow,  Harry  E 

34 

7 

13 

19 

18 

11 

18 

6 

6 

19 

Lohnis,  Wm 

Oostburg „ 

Loper,  L.  R 

Rosendale 

Lorentzen,  Viggo 

Withee . 

15 

42 

Luebke,  H.  W 

Watertown 

Luedtke,  C.  F 

Neenah 

Lutteman,  W.  H 

Loganville 

3 

McCloy,  Geo.  H 

Ogdensburg. 

McCraig,  Mrs.  Jas.,  & Son 

Watertown 

3 
17 
21 

4 
17 
23 

8 

7 

9 

39 

20 

5 
9 

22 

4 

13 

15 

33 

9 

McFarland,  Paul 

McFarland,  Ray 

McKinney,  E 

Barron  . 

McKone,  James 

Green  Bay . . . 

McMillan,  B.  F.,  & Bro 

Marshfield 

15 
17 
12 

8 

19 

44 

16 
3 
7 

10 

Malloy,  P.  J 

Manawa  . . . . 

Manley,  Thos.  F 

Columbus 

Manning,  T.  J 

Hartford . . 

Marty,  Jacob  M 

New  Glarus. 

Mathieu,  Theo 

Chippewa  Falls 

Maxwell,  A.  R 

Allenville 

Meadows,  Fred  G 

Lyons 

Messerschmidt,  Louis 

Hartland 

Metzig,  W.  F 

Neenah 

Michaels,  W 

Berlin 

Milbrant  Bros.: 

Farm  No.  1 

Evansville . . . 

9 

Farm  No.  2 

Miley,  Jos.  L 

Sheboygan  Falls 

4 

18 

4 

15 

17 

Miller,  Arthur  G 

Oconomowoe 

Miller,  Franklin 

Adell 

12 

20 

Miller,  Fred  C 

W est  Salem 

Miller,  John 

Winniconne 

Minahan,  Dr.  John  R 

Green  Bay 

16 

3 

30 

15 
32 

3 

23 

26 

16 
7 

Miner,  E.  E 

Marshfield . . 

18 

Minshall,  Geo 

Elkhom 

Mueller,  Edward  0 

Appleton 

Mullen,  Frank  R 

Watertown 

3 

50 

Mullen,  Math 

Bloomer. 

Mullen,  Owen  E 

Watertown 

Murphy,  Lawrence  F 

Hartford 

Murray,  Geo.  C.,  & Sons 

Murray,  John 

Manawa,  Farm  No.  2 

Ogdensburg. . 

1 

4 

19 

6 

11 

3 

13 

9 

6 

Nelson,  Erwin 

Blue  River.. 

Nelson,  P.  H 

Whitewater 

10 

13 

19 

11 

13 

6 

New  Holstein  Canning  Co 

New  Holstein 

Nicolai,  C.  J 

New  Jmndon  . 

Nieman,  R.  W.,  & Sons 

Appleton. 

Northern  Hospital 

Winnebago. 

Nueske,  W.  H 

Iola 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  59 


HOLSTEIN -FRIESIAN — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Nuttleman,  Alfred 

Wisconsin — continued. 

West  Salem 

28 

6 

Holman 

21 

3 

Westbv 

2 

30 

Oldeen,  C.  A.,  & Son 

Cumberland 

30 

l 

Kendall 

29 

Pabst,  Gustave: 

Hollyhock  Farm  No.  3 

Dousman 

14 

11 

Hollyhock  Farm  No.  4 

do 

21 

Appleton 

13 

. . . . .do 

14 

Paulsen,  Rudolph  J 

New  Holstein 

20 

Elkhorn 

40 

Peterson,  0.  F.. 

10 

11 

New  Holstein 

10 

Monticello 

46 

Pilgrim,  Fred 

Osceola 

26 

Pilgrim^  Herman.  . 

Edgar 

6 

14 

Pinehurst  Farms  Co 

Sheboygan  Falls 

123 

Pinkerton,  John,  jr 

Waupaca 

5 

3 

Pitzke,  Ctias ” 

Stetson  ville 

45 

5 

Plamann,  Fred. 

Appleton 

27 

Plamann,  Robt 

do 

12 

5 

Plummer,  A.  P 

Oshkosh 

3 

20 

Pollard,  A 

Elkhorn 

11 

6 

Prindle,  M.  E 

Neenah 

21 

Prueher,  J.  G 

Bloomer 

25 

Quaekenbush,  W.  W 

West  Salem 

24 

1 

Rasmussen,  Hans  P 

Larsen 

14 

Rav,  R.  L/. 

Eau  Claire 

8 

11 

Reddelein,  H.  E.. . .*  . 

Oconomowoc 

32 

Reed,  Jas.  J 

Blue  River 

18 

Reid,  Jas.  J.,  & Son 

Oconomowoc 

49 

Reinks,  John 

Sparta 

14 

Reinks,  M 

do 

14 

3 

Rhein gans,  E.  C . 

Chippewa  Falls 

3 

12 

Rice,  Jesse  C 

Ogdensburg 

6 

8 

Rich,  L 

13 

Rich,  Roy. . . . 

do 

4 

20 

Riordan  Bros 

Plymouth 

30 

Ritchie,  Arthur  W . . 

Royalton 

15 

4 

Ritchie,  R.  J.,  & Sons. . 

....do 

25 

Roberg,  Aug 

Cumberland 

26 

Robers,  Lawrence . . 

Lyons 

23 

1 

Roberts,  Louis ...  . 

Jim  Falls 

19 

Roberts,  R.  F 

Randolph 

14 

31 

Rock,  J.  M 

Plymouth 

40 

Rock  County  Asylum 

Janesville 

8 

56 

Rohan,  John  B.. 

New  London 

4 

30 

Rohda,  Albert 

East  Troy 

6 

36 

Ross,  Lester  A 

Oshkosh 

4 

14 

Ross,  R.  J 

do 

4 

10 

Ross,  Robert 

do 

6 

6 

Rowe,  A.  L.,  & Son 

Waupaca 

31 

Royce,  E.  E 

Marshfield 

32 

1 

Rovcroft,  J.  J 

Cadott 

9 

7 

Ruetten,  Theo 

Sparta 

10 

13 

Riupple,  J.  H 

Medina 

7 

8 

Ruste,  Olin 

Barneveld * 

29 

Salm,  Peter 

Neenah 

20 

7 

Sauter,  John 

Random  Lake 

16 

8 

Schaller,  F.  J. . .’ 

Holmen 

2 

17 

Schaller,  Geo.  F 

do 

4 

23 

Schoelkopf,  Albert 

Bear  Creek 

14 

Schroechert,  Herman . . . 

Watertown 

7 

9 

Schroeder,  Chris 

Neenah 

9 

8 

Schroeder,  C.  F.,  & Sons 

Marshfield 

15 

7 

Schuette,  C.  W . 

Stratford 

6 

7 

Schultz,  Louis. . 

Athens 

23 

Schwartz,  Carl  J 

Elkhart  Lake 

5 

2 

Scritsmeier,  Fred  A.  R 

Bloomer 

36 

Sebion,  Tennis 

Westbv 

7 

6 

Sedgwick,  E.  C 

Limeridge 

18 

Selbach,  F.  H 

Sparta 

5 

22 

Sherbert,  W 

W eyauwega 

3 

14 

Sieger,  Jos.  M 

Avoca 

27 

Sipple,  John  S 

Menomonie 

6 

14 

60  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

: tested  with* 
actors. 

Grade. 

Wisconsin — continued. 

Shore,  W.  E 

Blue  River 

11 

Skafte,  Albert 

Larsen 

15 

Smith,  C.  J.,  & Co 

Monroe 

16 

IQ 

Smith,  Roscoe 

do 

35 

1*7 

c 

Sommer,  Martin 

Appleton 

O 

15 

Sorges,  Walter 

Reeds  burg 

30 

Sparta'  State  School 

Sparta 

7 

2i 

Spencer,  Arthur 

Evansville. .. 

' 27 

2 

Spring  Brook  Farm  Co 

Burnett 

54 

\ 

Stecker,  Lewis 

Appleton 

2 

9 

Steuerwald,  Emil 

A dell,  Farms  Nos.  1 and  2 

10 

12 

Stevens,  M.'  B 

Jefferson 

29 

Stigler,  John 

Waukesha 

5 

27 

Stillman  & Hamilton 

6 

11 

Streiff,  Emanuel 

New  Glarus 

63 

Strickert,  Henry 

Limeridge 

13 

Sturges,  W.  A 

Neenah 

10 

Swatscheno,  Wm 

24 

Swan,  E.  E 

30 

Swemberg,  Robt 

Arpin 

26 

Swenson,  EL  0 

Larsen 

10 

Swift,  Will  V 

Eau  Claire 

22 

Swinehart,  S.  W 

Avoca 

12 

26 

Swoboda  Bros 

Elkhorn 

26 

g 

Taege,  John 

Appleton 

11 

11 

Taylor  & Northey 

11 

19 

Tellock,  Frank . .’ 

Horton  ville 

15 

Tews  Bros 

Neenah 

2 

32 

Thompson,  Elmer 

Quarry 

11 

3 

Timm,  Albert  D 

De  Forest 

17 

3 

Toepfer  & Krey  Stock  Farm 

Madison 

42 

1 

Tracy,  Duane 

Union  Center 

7 

7 

Trumpy,  Fred,  & Son 

Clarno 

64 

Tuffley,  C.  E.,  & Son 

Boscobel 

11 

g 

University  of  Wisconsin,  dairy  herd 

Madison 

17 

1 

Uvaas,  Orrin 

Larsen 

4 

16 

Vanderhof,  D.  E 

Waldo 

18 

Vander  Schaaf,  Chas 

Sparta 

17 

Vernon  County  Farm 

Viroqua 

21 

10 

Wachsmuth  Bros 

Owen 

12 

Waefler,  Robt 

New  Glarus 

g 

42 

Wagner,  Mrs.  J.  M 

Union  Center 

26 

Walsh,  P.  H 

Lavalle 

15 

Weaver,  H.  F 

Elkhorn 

21 

Weeks,  Edwin 

Chilton 

7 

28 

Weihart,  A.  W 

Watertown 

32 

3 

Wendt,  Geo 

Appleton 

13 

7 

West  Bend  Canning  Co 

West  Bend 

23 

Westphal,  Frank 

Neenah 

11 

Westphal,  H.  C 

Columbus 

5 

30 

Westphal,  M.,  & Sons 

Elkhorn 

36 

19 

Weter,  P.  J 

Alden,  111...  . 

26 

Wieckert,  Walter  H 

Appleton 

17 

18 

Wightman,  P.  A 

Plymouth 

5 

22 

Wilke,  Henry 

Wausau 

25 

Wilson,  Geo.  A 

G ranton 

9 

Winckler,  B.  F.,  & Son 

Medina 

19 

Winter,  Lewis 

Antigo . . . 

2 

22 

Wittig  Bros 

Hartford . 

38 

Woodard,  O.  C 

Weyauwega 

19 

Wright,  Smith  H 

Cadott . . 

‘ 18 

1 

Wunderlich,  Geo.  H 

Elmhurst 

34 

Zenzel,  Albert, 

Curtis. 

17 

Zerbach,  Geo 

H olcombe 

7 

3 

Ziegler,  Emro  C 

Appleton 

9 

7 

Ziegler,  F.  A 

29 

WYOMING. 

Cornell,  F.  W 

Moorecraft 

17 

Total  (Holstein- Friesian,  United  S 

tates) 

26,357 

40,650 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  01 


JERSEY. 

Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Alabama  Polytechnical  Experiment 
Station . 

Alabama*  insane  Hospital 

ALABAMA. 

Auburn 

25 

Tuscaloosa 

103 

22 

22 

39 

26 

24 
37 
12 
31 

15 

37 
13 
46 

56 

16 
18 

17 

25 
50 
24 
20 

3 

11 

57 
36 
67 
49 
75 
92 
43 
46 
28 

18 
20 
71 
34 
87 
13 
17 
12 
24 

38 
28 
34 
90 

Alabama  Masonic  Home 

Montgomery,  box  475 

1 

8 

2 

Allen,  B.M 

Anderson,  E.  B 

Blake,  J.  H 

Marion. 

Blocton,  R.  2 

Burge,  Samuel 

Montgomery,  R . 2 

Calloway,  Lee 

Snowdoun 

Calloway,  John  B 

Hope  Hull 

Canebrake  Experiment  Station 

Uniontown 

29 

Christian,  T.  S 

Alexander  City 

Davis,  J.  C 

Oxford 

Davis,  W.  W 

Wilsonville 

Edwards,  M.  H... 

Dothan 

Ford,  Chas 

Gallion 

Hall,  M.  R 

’ James 

Holt,  E.  W 

Montgomery,  R.  2 

Houghton,  M.  B 

4 

2 

Johnson,  Mrs.  W.  M 

Korkritz,  H.,  jr 

Wilsonville 

Kirby,  J.  W 

Marion  Junction 

Kirby,  P.  L 

Kurlin,  G.  W 

Alexander  City 

5 

Martion  Bros 

Fort  Deposit 

Meadows,  H.  H 

Lowndesboro 

Miller,  B.  F 

Montgomery 

Mitchell,  J.  G 

Opelika 

Mullins,  D.  B 

Dothan  . . 

3 

McCurdy,  George 

Havneville 

McCurdy,  W.  D 

Lowndesboro 

Mclnnis,  J.  M 

Montgomery 

Oakley,  J.  G 

Ashby 

Ozment,  C.  E 

Montgomery,  R.  2...  . 

Parker,  C.  M 

Opelika,  R.  6 

Porterfield,  D.  E 

Fort  Deposit 

Streit,  Sam 

Leighton 

Tyson,  Mrs.  S.  A 

Montgomery 

W ads  wo  rth.W  .A 

Prattville 

Walker,  T.  R 

Alexander  City 

Walton,  J.  C 

Snowdoun 

Watson,  Mrs.  Grace,  & Son 

Demopoiis 

4 

Wilbanks,  G.  C.  & J.  W . . . . T. . 

Alexander  City.. 

Whatley,  T.  J 

Opelika 

White,  Lawrence 

Newbern 

3 

Williams,  P.  Yvr 

Ramer 

Young,  L.  C 

Montgomery 

Trustee,  A.  H.  Endowment 

ARKANSAS. 

Jonesboro 

47 

40 

19 
12 
28 

40 
18 

7 

5 

20 

41 

Beech  Grove  Jersey  Farm 

Helena 

6 

14 

7 

76 

12 

Buell,  A.  W 

South  Fort  Smith 

Bragg,  Chas.  A 

Little  Rock. 

Polk,  C.  L 

Helena. 

Ruthetfford,  M.  M 

Sulphur  Rock.. 

Stinson,  EY 

Benton 

University  of  Arkanas 

Fayetteville 

3 

4 

Benton,  A.  H 

CONNECTICUT. 
Andover 

Brown,  E.E...  . 

Pomfret  Center 

Camp,  Wm.  P 

Durham 

Cheney,  R.  0.,jr 

South  Manchester. 

10 

5 

18 

15 

18 

3 

Hallock,  Bert  C 

Merrow 

9 

4 

1 

4 

8 

35 

25 

6 

11 

8 

61 

Hatch,  Royal  B . . . 

Stafford.  . 

McClellan,  Dr.  Geo.  E.. 

Woodstock 

Merrow,  Harriet  L 

Merrow 

Morgan,  Dr.  John 

Hadlyme 

Pitkin  & Calhoun 

South  Manchester 

Prescott  Estate 

Rockville 

Schofield,  Seth .... 

Stafford  Springs 

6 

Schwartz,  Philip 

Suffield 

Smith  & Tyler 

West  Willington 

3 

14 

Storrs  Agricultural  College 

Storrs 

62  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

DELAWARE. 

Blue  Ball  Farm 

Wilmington 

20 

Cubbage,  Clarence 

Milford.” 

Dill,  Thomas  E 

Felton 

Matthews,  W.  C 

Wilmington.. 

io 

Pearce,  W.  D 

Milford... 

10 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Kauffmann,  Rudolph 

Military  Road,  Washington 

4 

Scammel,  R.  E 

2610  Bladensburg  Road,  Washington 

FLORIDA. 

Albano  & Ferleto 

Southern  Feed  Co  , Ybor  City. 

Alick,  A 

Winter  Park 

Allison,  J.  S 

Live  Oak 

Amerson,  J.  D 

Pensacola,  R.  A.,  boz  184 

Anderson,  Wm 

Tallahassee 

Ard,  H.  A 

Pensacola 

Ard,  A 

Pensacola,  R.  A.,  box  272 

Arpen,  W.  J 

South  Jacksonville 

Bailey'  Jesse 

Jacksonville 

Bailey,  R.  E 

Shady  Grove 

Bailey,  W.  H 

Ebb 

Jose  Espina  Balbin 

Tampa,  R.  1,  box  24 

Bembow,  Oliver 

Moore  Haven 

Betty,  Miss  Mae 

Pensacola,  R.  A.,  box  310..  . . 

Bety,  L 

Pensacola . . 

Bis&op,  Mrs.  G.  R 

Edgwood  and  Enterprise  Avenues, 

Jacksonville. 

Bivins,  T.  W 

Jacksonville,  R.  6,  box  312 

Black,  T.  D 

Dinsmore 

Blitch,  O.  T 

Orange  Pa.rjk,  post-office  hmr  14 

4 

Boquardez,  R.  C.,  jr 

Tampa,  R.  1 

Bowman,  John  S 

Pensacola 

Bradley,  W.  G 

South  Tampa . 

Brainard,  T.  M 

Pensacola 

Brasch,  Wm.  C 

Vero 

Bray,  Frank  S 

Tampa,  R.  4,  box  94 

Brinson,  F.  B 

Live  Oak 

Brooker,  N.  L 

Brandon 

Broward,  A.  S 

Jacksonville,  R.  2. . 

Brown,  John 

Jacksonville 

Brown,  W.  B 

Tallahassee 

Brown,  W.  H 

Tampa,  R.  5,  box  138. . 

Bruschke,  Richard 

Dinsmore 

Buehler,Chas 

Orlando 

Burnett, J.  H 

Live  Oak  

Burney,  E.  J 

Jacksonville,  R.  2,  box  250 

Camp,  Jack 

Ocala 

21 

Caro,  Herbert  P 

Pensacola 

Carr,  Thos.  B 

Tallahassee 

Carter,  G.  B 

Tampa,  R.  1,  box  80 

Carter,  W.  L 

Dade  City 

Cavanaygh,  J.  J 

Tallahassee  

Chairs,  D.  G 

Chambers , C.  E 

Gainesville,  R.  4 

Chrisborough,  A.  D 

Jacksonville 

Cleveland,  A.  S 

Fort  Pierce 

1 

Close,  Mrs.  Janie 

Ocala 

Cochran , Frank 

Tallahassee 

Collins,  John 

Coniglio,  V 

Oak  Park,  Tampa 

Cope,  W.  H 

Jacksonville,  R.  3 

Cordray.  J.  P 

Jacksonville 

Corporation  of  Florida 

Sebring 

Costakis,  John 

Dade  City 

Crabtree , J.  O 

Jacksonville,  R.  5,  box  174 

Craven,  E.  S 

Jacksonville,  post-office  box  88 

Cromartie  & Sons 

Tallahassee 

Crowder,  Ralph  S 

Culver,. T.  W 

Orlando  

Davidson,  M.  B 

3108  Florida  Avenue,  Tampa  .. 

Dean,  Thos.  L 

De  Land  

Dedman,  W.  R 

McTntosh  

1 

Do  Ring,  Sidney 

South  Tampa 

De  Witt,  Henry 

Dade  City 

Dewv,  Ernest 

13 

15 
18 
11 

14 
42 
50 
35 
10 
35 
49 
75 
21 

17 

23 
41 

75 

41 

24 
27 
12 
22 

16 

15 
39 

16 
11 
12 

15 
13 

25 

16 
10 
13 
27 

26 

13 
16 
23 
20 

25 
12 
38 
31 
87 

14 
64 
33 

18 
30 
10 
11 
13 
20 

26 
26 

15 
30 
15 
23 
10 
13 
10 
22 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  63 


JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

Florida — continued. 

Ybor  City,  care  Southern  Feed  Co 

13 

20 

25 

11 

f?.<Tcrp  ’\  ts  

32 

Gainesville , tt.  4 

10 

Ellis  C W 

23 

Ellis’  Cillin  

16 

10 

Florida  City  

11 

520  Bujffalo  Avenue,  Tampa 

52 

61 

Fifteenth  Street  and  Twenty-eighth 

29 

Avenue,  Tampa. 

14 

Eriddp.il  Ar  Mills  

49 

14 

43 

Giles  W.  E 

14 

25 

K4 

Miami,  box  269 

30 

32 

30 

43 

Green,  E.  B 

Ocala 

14 

13 

Fulford  

10 

15 

Harbeson,  W.  B 

De  Funiak  Springs 

14 

TTa.milt.mi,  Harry  E 

Tallahassee  

15 

Hathaway,  L.  D 

Brooks  ville 

1 

6 

Heine,  Mrs.  R.  B 

Pensn.eola 

26 

Henkel,  A.  L 

Maitland,  R.  2 

14 

Herron,  J.  C 

West  Tampa,  R.  4,  box  30 

32 

High  smith  J . A 

Gainesville,  R.  2 

10 

Hildebrand , V 

Grand  Crossing  

29 

Holding,  J.  M 

Dania 

23 

Hooper,  J.  S 

Tampa,  Arlington  Hotel 

15 

Hopper , E.  H 

Jacksonville 

31 

Houser , W.  E 

Gainesville,  R.  4 

11 

Houtsma , J acob 

Tampa,  general  delivery 

15 

Hoyt , Geo.  A 

Pensacola  

22 

Hubbert , Harry 

Tampa,  box  1142 

18 

Hughes,  T.  B 

Gainesville,  R.  2 

16 

Hver,  Mrs.  J.  W 

Pensacola 

17 

Jellesema , J acob 

Tampa , general  delivery 

15 

Jemigan,  F.  P 

Pensacola 

10 

Johns,  A 

2698  Enterprise  Avenue,  Jacksonville. 

15 

J ohnson , David  

Miami  

28 

J ohnson , Peter 

Roberts 

24 

Johnson,  R.  G 

Tallahassee 

81 

Johnson,  W.  E 

do 

16 

Johnson,  W.  J 

Chaires 

10 

Joiner,  J.  J 

Talllahassee 

16 

Jordon,  Samuel 

Jacksonville 

32 

Kelly,  J.  N 

do 

29 

Kennard , T.  O 

Jacksonville,  R.  3,  box  266 

27 

Killer,  Clyde  E 

Fort  Pierce 

20 

Kilman,  S.  J 

155  Riverside  Avenue,  Jacksonville 

17 

Kimborg;  Gus 

Tallahassee,  R.  R 

15 

Kirkpatrick,  John  H 

Fort  Pierce 

H 

Kissimmee  community  herd 

Kissimmee 

10 

Lamb,  G.  H 

Tallahassee 

40 

Landers,  Jas 

Tallahassee,  R.  2,  box  77 

10 

Lane,  T.  W.,  Enterprise  Dairy 

Tampa 

66 

Laugnlin  Estate 

Zellwood 

23 

Lersch,  H.  C 

2315  College  Avenue,  Jacksonville 

12 

Lowery,  W.  E 

Moncrief  Avenue  and  Main  Street, 

12 

Jacksonville. 

Lykes,  T.  M 

Tampa 

H 

Lyman,  R.  E 

Dade  City 

14 

Lynn,  T.  J 

West  Tampa 

18 

MeCourtney , Mrs.  M.  V 

Miami 

10 

McDonald,  S.  D 

Gainesville , R . 2 

82 

McDowell,  W.  S 

Gainesville , box  287. . 

2Q 

McKinlay . J.  R 

Jacksonville  .post-office  box  476 

I 109 

64  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

J ER  SE  Y — Continued . 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 


Name. 


Address. 


out  reactors. 


Florida — continued. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


McKinstry,  W.  R. 

Mahaffey , L.  F 

Maige,  John 

Mansfield,  G.  H. . . 
Meridith,  Chas.  A . . 
Massaro,  Ferrante . 
Mickler  & Perkins. 
Mielonon,  Pentti. . . 

Miller, C.  W 

Miller, H.  C 

Miller, P.  L 

Mitchell,  Frank 

Moore,  James 

Moore,  J.  C.,  & Son. 

Moore, M.  E 

Moore,  W.  B 

Moore,  W.  W 

Morgan,  E.  Y 

Moseley,  A.  B 

Moseley,  A.  J 

Hughes,  J.  H 

Mueller,  J.  E 

Nickerson,  P.  C 

Niles,  Edward 


Nisrod,  G.  W 

Noble,  H.  L 

Nolan,  Wm.  M 

Ortega  Dairy  Co 

Owen.  H.  L 

Painter,  W.  C 

Paret , G.  A 

Parrott, J.  W 

Patterson,  J.  H. , & Son 

Peebles,  B 

Phelps,  J.  P 

Pilcher, D.  W 

Pipps,  W.  H 

Poland,  J.  V 

Popple,  J.  B 

Powell,  W.  H 

Powell,  W.  J 

Powers,  Joe 

Price,  Dr.  J.  M 

Prichard,  C.  C.... 

Raa, H.  B 

Ray,  W.  T 

Reisz,  Peter 

Richbourg,  W.  J 

Ricker,  Chas 

Ridgway,  J.  T 

Roberts,  Wm 

Robinson,  A.  C 

Rollins,  Wm.  E 

Rose,  C.  B 

Rosenblot,Sam 

Roukema,  Chas 

Rouse  & Clark 

Russell,  E.  W 

Saleeba,  Thos.  M 

Schewdecker,  Albert 

Schuster,  Wm 

Sellars,  Geo.  M 

Sellars,  J.  S 

Shader,  I 

Shaw,  C.  R 

Shipe,  I.  W 

Shultz,  Mrs.  J.  A 

Sierra,  Ramon 

Singer  Stock  Farm 

Sniller,  S.  I 

Smith,  Aubry 

Smith,  W.  H 

Spoto,  Austina 

Sopto,  Zissippi 

Stacey,  W.  A 


. Gainesville 

. Gainesville,  R.  5 

. Tallahassee 

. Gainesville,  post-office  box  187 

. 5815  East  Bay  Street,  Jacksonville 

. Ybor  City,  care  Southern  Feed  Co 

. Tallahassee 

. Eleventh  and  G Streets,  Jacksonville. 

. Plant  City 

. Pensacola 

. St.  Petersburg 

. Cocoanut  Grove !!!*!!""! 

. Grand  Crossing 

. Tallahassee 

do " " 

do 

• Pensacola,  R.  A.  box  299 

Pensacola,  box  441 

Belleair,  box  2 

Jacksonville,  R.  6,  box  331 

Orlando 

Gainesville,  R.  4 3 

South  Jacksonville 

Jacksonville,  Highway,  branch  post ". ” 

office. 

Jacksonville 

Pensacola 

Jacksonville, R.  6,  box  186 

Jacksonville,  R.  4,  box  83 ' " 

Gainesville 2 

De  Land 

Dinsmore j 

Miami 

Chaires ’’ 

Dade  City 

Clearwater 

Brooksville 

Valrico 

Jacksonville,  R.  5,  box  99 

Tallahassee 

do 

Pensacola 

Florida  City,  post-office  box  115 

Live  Oak 

Miami,  box  662 

Tallahassee Y.Y.V. 

Jacksonville,  R.  B,  box  507 '* 

Jacksonville,  R.  A,  box  90 [ 

Gainesville,  R.4 

Jacksonville,  R.  A,  box  395 

Palatka ] . ! . ” 

Tallahassee, R.  A 

Jacksonville,  R.  4,  box  260 

Jacksonville,  R.  5,  box  187 

, Little  River 

Kings  Road,  Jacksonville 

Tampa,  general  delivery [ 

Jacksonville,  R.  A,  box  530-B ‘ " 

Tallahassee 

354  East  Third  Street,  Jacksonville 

St.  Petersburg 

Jacksonville 

St.  Petersburg * ! 

Miami,  R.  B,  box  203 

Orlando * 

Quincy 

Fort  Pierce 

West  Tampa 

Ybor  City 

West  Palm  Beach “ 

230  West  Twentieth  Street,  Jackson-  . 
ville. 

Orlando I 

Jacksonville I 

Ybor  City !!!  J ” 

Fifteenth  Avenue,  Ybor  Citv 

Orlando ! 


16 

16 

16 

32 

25 

16 

61 

10 

23 
32 
42 
16 
14 
10 
25 
27 
11 
58 

14 
27 
61 

27 
29 
87 

12 

70 

47 

25 

28 

24 
20 

19 
21 
28 
10 
13 
10 

17 
13 
24 
22 
16 

15 
- 35 

12 

20 
155 

12 

24 

29 

13 

18 
29 
21 
11 
12 
38 
11 
12 
29 
17 
26 

13 
27 
29 
42 
55 
34 
44 
17 

16 

31 

22 

14 
27 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  65 

JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Staple  & Little 

Florida — continued. 
Sanford 

50 

17 

104 

56 

27 

117 

12 

23 

23 

13 

34 
16 

29 
12 

17 

42 

14 
27 

13 
10 

14 
11 

18 
41 

19 
25 
12 

43 

20 

13 

35 
16 
18 
11 

103 

24 
21 
16 
10 
10 

14 

18 

16 

30 
63 

15 
21 
94 
38 
15 
11 
13 
13 
21 
45 
13 
12 

13 

14 

15 
14 

16 
11 
37 
18 
61 

101 

31 
13 
29 
11 

Stark,  T.  S 

State  Prison  Farm 

R afford . 

Stegall,  John  W 

Stringfteld,  J.  W 

1 

18 

Suwahne  e F arms 

Tanner,  L.  T 

Tamna  Stock  Farm 

69 

Tanton.  W.  H 

Taylor,  John  H 

Pensacola,  R.  A,  box  294 

Thomas,  Oscar  II 

Gainesville 

Thomas,  W.  H 

Thomas'  W,  U 

St.  Petersburg 

Thompson,  John 

Thompson . L.  B 

Trowell,  C.  I 

Vanderwort.  Frank  K 

Ocala 

Vara,  Mrs.  L.  B 

Vaughn,  N.  L 

Brooksvilie 

i 

Vernon.  John 

Voorhees,  Geo.  O 

Wachild,  Mrs.  M 

Wadsworth,  A.  C 

Ward,  C.  Fred 

Weaver,  A 

Webb,  Q.  C 

i 

Wehmeier,  Fred 

Wells.  Lee 

Wernicke,  0.  P 

Brooksville,  box  302 

West,  J.  S 

Jacksonville  R B,  box  295 

Wheatley,  W.  F 

Jacksonville  R 2 box  414 

White,  Mrs.  J.  C 

Tallahassee 

Wiggins,  John  L.  & John  A 

Pensacola,  box  1234 

Wilcher,  J.  J 

Seventeenth  Street  and  Tallarand 
Avenue,  Jacksonville. 

Tampa,  box  762 

Wilder,  It.  L 

Wilkins,  Estelle 

l 

Pensacola  . . 

Willet,  A.  H 

Orlando  

Willie,  J.  J 

Lloyd  . . 

Wimineham,  G.  W 

Tampa,  R.  F>>  Chaplin  Avenue 

Wood,  D.  M 

Lovette 

Yokum,  James 

Twentieth  Street,  Jacksonville,  R.  2, 
box  438. 

GEORGIA. 

Atlanta,  R.  5 

Adams,  J.  R 

Anglin,  M.  M 

Atlanta,  R.  3 

Anderson,  Gust 

Americus . . . 

Atlanta  City  Dairy  Farm 

Atlanta 

Ballard,  W.  K 

Atlanta,  R.  2 

Bennett,  C.  L 

Jefferson,  R.  5 ... 

Berry  School 

Rome 

8 

18 

Breedlove,  W.  L.,  & Son 

Monroe  . 

Brown,  J.  F 

Shiloh  . . . 

Buchanan,  E.  E 

Woodland  . 

Buchanan,  G.  S 

Shiloh 

Buchanan,  T.  E 

Chandler  Bros 

Milledgeville 

44 

Chapman,  H.  D ! 

Shiloh .* 

Chapman,  John  H 

Chapman,  W.  D 

Christian,  J.  W 

Rossville,  R.  2 

Christian,  T.  W ! 

Clay,  J.  C 

East  Atlanta,  R.  3 

Clay,  Luther | 

Collier.  J.  E 

Atlanta,  R.  3 

Cook,  Mrs.  Dallas 

Rock  Spring,  R.  1 ... 

Cowan.  P.  C 

Conley 

Cramrriere,  John 

Ringgold,  R.  3 

Daniel  Bros 

Hogansville 

41 

Daniel,  J.  E 

Atlanta 

Duggan,  T.  R 

War  then 

Elliott,  J.  A 

Rossville,  R.  1 

Elliott,  T.  H 

Foster,  A.  B 

Shiioh 1 

12650°— 20 5 


66  Department  Circular  143,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture . 


JERSEY— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

Georgia — continued . 

French,  A.  A 

Atlanta,  R.  3 

30 

Garrett,  E.  E 

Woodland  

16 

Georgia  State  Sanitarium 

6 

182 

Gladden,  E 

Decatur,  R.  3 

13 

Gresham,  J.  W 

Griffin 

17  i 

Hendriclcs,  W.  B 

: i 

1 4 

Hewett,  C.  G 

1071  Highland  Avenue,  Atlanta 

i 

It 

32 

Hodgson,  F.  M 

298  Boulevard,  Athens  . 

15  1 

Hooks,  J.  H 

74 

70 

Howard,  S.  E 

12 

i 

C7 

Kellum,  J.  F 

Oi 
1 1 

Key,  G.  M 



11 

19 

Knox,  W.  S 

■; i 

in 

iu 

Lay.  H.  G 

TO 
9 A 

Leake,  J.  W 

Lietch,  J.  G 

LO 

qo 

Lloyd,  W.  H 

oo 

19 

Moore, H.  D.  & J.  D 

l^f 

fid 

Napier,  T.  C 

or 

14 

Nix,  W.  T 

It 

14 

Itc 

41 

Norman,  W.  G 

Griffin/. 

7 

2 

52 

Parks,  M.  L 

35 

Parks'  M.  N 

do  

22 

Peek,  J.  C 

14 

Porter,  John  

Decatur  1 

28 

Preston,  E.  B 

Midland  . - 

39 

Preston,  E.  E 

Columbus  1 

45 

Pursley,  R.  S 

Chickamauga 1 

14 

Reeves,  J.  L 

Calhoun 

10 

Russell,  W.  H 

Shiloh 1 

12 

Russell,  W.  L 

Shiloh  R.  1 

10 

Ryal,  S.  G 

Savannah,  box  1005 

112 

Scott,  C.  E 

Decatur,  It.  1 

21 

Selman,  G.  C 

Monroe 

50 

Shorter  College 

Rnmfi  _ 

18 

Sprayberrv,  .T.  F _ 

East  Atlanta.. 

29 

State  College  of  Agriculture 

Athens 

20 

Strouss,  J.  W ' 

Atlanta,  R.  8 

21 

Tanner  At  Clay  _ 

Milledgeville  

48 

Thomasville  Live  Stock  Co . . . . 

Thomasville  

34 

Tippen,  R.  S 

Acworth  

22 

2 

United  States  Penitentiary 

Atlanta  

32 

Wade,  B.  L 

55  Rockyford  Avenue,  Kirkwood  

25 

Warren , M.  T>  

East  Atlanta,  R.  3 

42 

Webster,  A.  J 

Shiloh  

13 

Wells,  E.  R 

Wildwood,  R.  1 

10 

Whatley,  J.  G 

Adairsville. 

6 

Wheeler,  J.  L 

Decatur,  R.  1 

52 

White,  G.  W 

Columbus 

70 

Williams,  Felix 

Villa  Rica 

25 

Williams,  J.  E 

Ringgold,  R.l  

13 

Williams,  Lee  J 

Carrollton  

94 

Williams,  L.  R,  

Rossville,  R.  2 

18 

. IDAIIO. 

Archibald,  Thos 

Rexburg  

. 

11 

Beeson,  Bros  

Wendell  

3 

11 

Beito,  Ole  

Rathdrum 

11 

Boner,  Joe  

do  

14 

Bates,  S.  A 

Dietrich 

15 

Bell,  Eli  . 

Rexburg  

16 

Bentley,  I) 

Cocolalla  

11 

Briggs,  C.  B 

Rexburg  . . 

1 

16 



Bartley,  T.  W 

Moscow  

7 

1 

Bumgarner,  C.  M 

Nampa  

50 

Cannon,  C.  Y 

Boise  

23 

Childs,  Geo.  A 

Buhl  

15 

! 

Clark,  D.  F 

Kimberly  

2 

” 27 

Castor,  C.  G 

St  Maries 

23 

Currier,  Charles  A 

Winchester 

11 

Clark,  John  II  

Wendell  

12 

Dayton,  D.  P 

Naples 

9 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  67 

JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Idaho — continued. 

Dille,  L.  S 

Caldwell  

32 

Daubner  Bros 

Twin  Fails 

1 

99 

Drake,  G.  A 

Fder 

1 

ZO 

22 

Edwards.  Thos.  H 

Dietrich  

Enfield,  W.  H 

10 

Eliason,  Edward 

Cocolalla 

35 

in 

Erickson,  Herman 

Archer  

JLU 
i n 

Francher  & Leigh 

Buhl  . . . 

1 1 

lu 

35 

Ford,  Matthew 

j.  i 
9 

Foster,  M 

Z 

16 

Gearhart,  S.  E 

97 

1/ 

Gillard  Bros 

Z i 

3 

Heing,  Jacob 

23 

1 9 

Howe,  Mrs.  Anna 

lz 

99 

Hymas,  S.  E 

1 

ZO 

19 

tQ 

Hoiltey,  Mrs.  C.  P 

Emmett 

1 

Hames,  L.  S 

Caldwell 

9 

io 

13 

Haynes,  G.  W 

Z 

9f* 

Hurst,  B.  F 

Zu 
9 A 

6 

Irwin,  C.  D 

Z4: 

22 

13 

20 

1 1 

Johnson,  0.  C 

Jeppson,  C.  0 

1 

11 
1 7 

Johnson,  Axel 

1 

1 

1 1 

Jones,  R.  F 

1 

9 

10 

1 ft 

Kuka,  F.  W 

Lott,  Jno.  S 

9 

io 

A 

Lundstrum,  A 

z 

1 

y 

OQ 

Lichty,  C.  E 

1 

05 

Lyons,  L.  V 

32 

Ol 

McPhearson,  B.  F 

Filer  

g 

zl 

9 

in 

McNealy,  0.  E 

Careywood  .... 

McClenahan,  J.  H 

Boise  

V 

iu 

McGowian,  Cora  M 

Dietrich  

i ft 

McComb,  David 

Buhl 

10 
1 1 

Mason,  J.  T 

Parker  

11 

on 

Mauvais,  J.  N 

Gooding  

zU 

1 1 

MeHarg,  J.  B 

11 

in 

Merrill,  E.  W 

Men  an  

IU 
i n 

Otto,  L.  S 

Filer  . 

v 

IU 

Osborne,  Earl 

Cocolalla 

o 

4 

19 

Payette  Purchasing  Association. 

Payette 

31 

lz 

Prather,  V.  B 

Gooding  

09 

Parker,  M 

Wendell 

Zz 

Price,  W.  M 

Filer  

9 

lo 

Qualls,  R.  W 

Buhl  

z 

Q 

6 

Rand,  Jno 

Cocolalla 

u 

1 

tn 

Randall,  H.  L 

Boise 

iu 

in 

Remington,  J.  J 

Parker  

iu 

in 

Renk,  H.  J 

Boise  

1 

lu 
1 1 

Reaves,  A.  S 

Wendell 

X 

Q 

11 

Swanson,  Charlie 

Cocolalla  

♦ O 

17 

1 o 

Shaw,  Peter 

1 

lz 

17 

Spencer,  F.  L 

New  Plymouth  

17 

19 

Shades,  A.  G .• 

Churchill 

24 

Spencer,  W.  H 

Careywood 

5 

19 

Sherwood,  F.  H 

F.mmett  

Q 

lz 

1 

1 9 

Shotwell,  W.  M 

Twin  Falls 

1 1 

Southwick,  F.  E 

Wendell  

li 

i 

lz 

9 A 

Thompson,  Jas.  L 

St.  Anthony 

z4 

18 

91 

Teeter,  W.  L 

Meridian 

9 

Waggoner,  Chas 

Post  Falls  

z 

9 

zl 

1 9 

Weir,  Dave 

Rathdrum 

Z 

l 

lz 

1 i 

Young,  Stillman 

St.  Anthony 

11 

19 

ILLINOIS. 

Baldwin,  W.  R 

Delavan 

Q 

1 

Belshe,  E.  L 

Norwood  Park  

O 

32 

1 

Coddington,  F.  H 

Princeton  

i 

1 ft 

Donegan,  P.  H 

Waukegan 

i 

11 

10 

Garrard,  Otto 

Robinson  

i i 

Goodwin,  N.  F 

Palestine  

i i 
i 

Z4i 
1 9 

Harshman,  P.  B 

Sullivan 

19  , 

lz 

Headley,  C.  V 

Palestine  

1 K 

Honey,  Chas 

Newton 

14 

lo 

Honey,  John 

West  Liberty 

o 

1 9 

Judy,  C.  C 

Tall ula  

o 

lz 

o 

Lewis,  Elmer J 

Dieterich 

1UZ 

2 

z 

5 

68  Department  Circular  143,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

idah  o— cont  inued . 

» 

8 

do 

1 

12 

11 

10 

1 

5 

Miller  T;  A 

1 

49 

Miller'  M T,  

do 

25 

7 

O’Hp'ir  \V  S A Srm 

43 

16 

4 

7 

Pifpr  E F 

6 

10 

SehrneTr  Eli  T 

10 

12 

33 

21 

4 

13 

Voder  AT  

1 

27 

INDIANA. 

22 

2 

11 

17 

7 

20 

Corydon 

17 

1 

Guilford... 

10 

Mount  Vernon 

1 

14 

13 

Booth  'w  H 

Seymour 

19 

12 

Brakemeier,  Phil  J 

Princeton 

4 

11 

Brandt  Herman 

Aurora. 

20 

BuS68  h L 

do 

10 

Byers  Paul 

Franklin 

36 

Calvin  Vere  S 

Ke  wanna 

3 

31 

Canfield  Boy 

Aurora 

10 

Carr,  John  T 

Charlestown 

38 

7 

Carithers  Joseph  jr 

Princeton 

1 

19 

Cotton  J I 

Aurora 

13 

Dellinger,  G.  L 

Memphis 

1 

17 

Demin*7  & Deming 

Franklin 

4 

22 

Denham  & Greer 

Charlestown 

8 

32 

Dillman  & Sailor 

Goshen 

16 

2 

Favorite  Herman 

Huntington 

12 

Feldwisch  & Son 

Boone  ville . . 

10 

14 

Fisher  Avery 

Elberfeld 

6 

9 

Givan  Anna  C 

Lawrenceburg 

9 

10 

Givan  & Son  J J 

Aurora 

6 

Grimw^nd  T-TprfYP.rt. 

Inglefield 

4 

io 

Hall  E a’ 

Guilford 

5 

18 

Hall*  Dr  R J 

Rush  ville 

18 

Hein  Ernst 

Elberfeld 

19 

Hein  Fred 

Inglefield 

15 

8 

Hell  mi  oh  Henry  A 

Greensburg 

35 

5 

Henson,  C.  E 

Terre  Haute 

5 

9 

Hickman  Harry  G 

Winchester 

5 

7 

Hill  A/  Go’  G W 

Shelbyville  

18 

Hill  L F 

Winchester 

1 

17 

TTnHTimiro 

Aurora 

12 

Humble  & McCarty 

Pendleton 

11 

Jacques  James 

Logan 

16 

Johnson  A C 

Straughn 

1 

13 

J ohnson  M L 

do 

4 

14 

Johnson  P L 

Vincennes 

13 

18 

Tohnston  B G 

Aurora 

12 

King  \ D 

Muncie 

12 

4 

TTnlilpn QphmidtQ  W C 

Elberfeld 

3 

16 

Kyle  Raymond.  G 

Aurora 

10 

2 

T.qd  crp  TTpi’tyipti 

do 

10 

Lattire  George 

Lawrenceburg 

1 

11 

16 

Likens  E M 

Elwood 

31 

4 

Linden  me yer  G "FT 

Otisco 

3 

12 

Linke  Frank 

Seymour ■ 

8 

15 

Linke  Hardin 

Columbus 

6 

12 

Longdon  & Adams 

Rockville 

1 

23 

Louisville  Cement  Co 

Sellersburg 

5 

29 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  69 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

| 

| 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Indiana— continued. 

Lutz,  E.  R 

Guilford 

7 

g 

Lutz,  Frank 

28 

Lutz,  George  M 

30 

McKenzie,  J.  H 

Brazil 

15 

Mahon,  Albert  J 

Underwood. .. 

9 

1 q 

Means  & Harrison 

Charlestown 

1 

AO 

19 

Mills,  E . S 

Indianapolis,  R.  0 , 225 . 

35 

Morris,  Charles 

Aurora.. . 

1 A 

Odle,  0.  M 

Muncie 

2 

I*! 

Orr,  Frank  T 

Patriot 

2 

I O 

13 

Painter,  H.  W.  & C.  D 

Spiceiand 

2 

24 

Peck,  C.  E 

Armstrong 

10 

Rowers,  Harry 

Union  City 

7 

Reid.  W.  V 

Richmond 

12 

A 

Riggs,  Richard  W 

Inglefield 

15 

3: 

Q 

Sanders,  0.  B 

Terre  Haute 

0 

15 
1 £ 

Schrock,  Victor 

Goshen 

1 

Sheldon,  Salem  P 

Patriot 

JlO 

in 

Shirley,  P.  G 

Ingalis 

11 

9 

AU 

O 

Shugart,  Arthur  E 

Marion 

4 
1 1 

Shuter,  Harry 

Aurora 

11 

Suhre,  Fred/ 

Columbus 

9 

AO 

Thomas,  John  E 

Pendleton 

AO 

13 

Trennepohl,  Fred 

Aurora 

g 

13 

Trible,  J.  0 

Shelbyvilie 

5 

AO 

9 

Van  Pelt,  J.  W 

Charlestown 

7 

o 

7 

Volkmanh,  Otto 

Inglefield 

6 

« 

9 A 

Volkmann,  W.  G 

Francisco 

1 

40 
1 1 

Voshell,  C.  I 

Moores  Hill 

3 

AA 

10 

Watson,  0.  G. 

Corydon 

14 

Weinmann,  V.  F 

Guilford 

1 

W'ilt  & Bond 

Newcastle 

2 

1 A 

Witte,  Mrs.  Caroline 

Aurora 

1ft 

Woods,  M.  S 

I Princeton 

7 

AO 

12 

Yoder,  Levi  R 

Middlebury 

6 

IOWA. 

Iowa  State  College 

Ames 

17 

Kinsley,  R.  G.  & B.  A 

McGregor 

58 

Long,  Isaac 

Altoona 

12 

o 

Miller,  S.  D.,  & Son 

Wellman 

A 

17 

Rietveld,  Herman 

Fairfield 

23 

Sac  and  Fox  Sanatorium 

Toledo 

23 

Q 

Shephard,  Chas.  J 

Muscatine 

2 

O 

Sterling,  G.  C 

Des  Moines,  R.  6 

14 

lo 

9 

Swaney  Bros 

Grinnell,  R.  3..  . 

13 

A 

26 

Waterloo  Jersey  Farms: 

Glenn  Barron  Farm 

Waterloo,  R.  4 

14 

16 

Jas.  H.  Frush  Farm 

Waterloo 

30 

L.  R.  Sisson  Farm 

Jesup 

17 

Will  Thompson  Farm 

49 

Webster,  M.  A 

Fairfield 

1 3 

1 

Weisbrod,  W.  P 

Fenton 

10 

10 

1 

A 

KANSAS. 

*± 

Arthur,  W.  C 

Burlington 

g 

9 

Copeland,  B.  C 

Clay  Center 

1 

A 

7 

Coop,  Albert  J 

La  Harpe 

39 

i 

Comp,  J.  A 

White  Citv 

19 

^ 

Davis,  W.  E 

Emporia,  R.  8 

2 

10 
1 A 

Gibson,  Mark  G 

Chanute 

5 

King,  W.  E 

W ashington 

A4 

Kramer,  D.  A 

AO 

7 

Latta,  E.  C 

Holton 

Q 

9 

Massey,  RalfN 

Sun  Citv 

J 

17 

A 

9 

Purkey,  W.  F 

Chanute 

A 

Q 

Randolph,  G.  H 

Emporia 

o 

Q 

y 

IQ 

Stevenson,  J.  L 

o 

19 

Ay 

A 

Sperry,  B.  D 

Barnes 

1A 

12 

*± 

Stabler,  Fred 

Meade 

19 

A 

Schiess,  Sam 

Florence 

o 

* 

13 

Swingle,  A.  J 

Leonardville 

a 

A 

Turner,  W.  F 

Horton. . 

u 

14 

i 

O 

Woerner,  Floyd 

Clay  Center 

l 

a 

18 

Williams  Bros 

Oswego 

5 , 

16 

70  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

KENTUCKY. 

Adams  Bros 

Skylight 

21 

Adams,  C.  N 

Princeton 

11 

Alke,  Albert 

Augusta .... 

5 

13 

Aubrey,  F.  M 

Lexington 

19 

Ball,  E.  E 

California 

17 

Baughman,  John  S 

Danville 

12 

Bennett,  Walter 

La  Grange 

16 

Benedict,  T.  L 

Oneonta 

14 

Bingham,  O.  A 

2 

28 

Bird,  Ira  W 

9 

10 

Blackman,  Otis 

Nicolasville 

21 

Blakemore,  J.  I 

Lawrenceburg 

15 

Boyd,  Lee'L.. 

Minerva..! 

11 

Bradshaw,  J.  C.  & A.  M 

Trenton 

28 

Bright’s  Inn  Farm 

: j' 

37 

Brown  & Hanna  Realty  Co 

Louisville 

59 

Brown,  Fred  G ”. 

Crittenden 

11 

Bugg,  T.A...  

1 

26 

Camihiseh,  J.  B 

Stanford 

29 

3 

Campbell, H.  S... 

Jett 

10 

Cook,  Lew 

Ft.  Thomas 

17 

Cox,  W.  A 

Versailles 

8 

4 

Crider  Creamery  Co 

Fredonia 

61 

Currens,  C.  B.. . 

Burgin 

21 

3 

Davis,  J.  R 

Maysville 

15 

7 

Dean,  James  A 

Glen  Dean 

21 

Dicken,  Henry 

California 

14 

Dickey’  M.  W 

Berry 

10 

2 

Edelen,  Allen  S 

Burgin 

17 

5 

Edward,  J.  T 

Nicholas  ville... 

4 

14 

Franklin,  E.  H 

Shelbyville 

7 

38 

Fox,  C.  N 

Elkton. . 

11 

10 

Fulcher,  J.  W 

Pembroke 

8 

Froman  & Adams 

Carrollton 

18 

Gannon,  T.  F 

Lexington 

41 

Gary,  R.  C-,  & Son 

Honkinsville 

14 

25 

Gaines,  P.  B 

Carrollton. 

102 

58 

Godby,  Dr.  D.  M 

Perryville 

13 

4 

Graves,  B.  B 

Frankfort 

15 

Grumlev,  J.  S 

Elkton 

7 

10 

Hackett,  W.  0 

Richmond 

19 

Hafer,  O.C 

Hebron 

6 

17 

Hampton,  W.  W.,  & Son : 

Goshen 

24 

Hartke,  Henry — 

Covington 

29 

13 

Harris,  G.  P.,  & Son 

Carrollton 

42 

15 

Hill,  Ed.,  jr 

4 

20 

Hollins,  W.  M 

Elkton 

12 

5 

Hays  Bros 

La  Grange 

13 

Jackson,  Thos 

Danville 

13 

5 

Kentucky  Agricultural  Experiment 

Lexington 

53 

9 

Station. 

Kentucky  Normal  and  Industrial  Insti- 

Frankfort  

13 

3 

tute. 

Kite,  W.  G 

Burlington..  . 

32 

1 

Ling,  T.  G 

California 

1 

12 

McBurney,  Frank 

Smithfield 

1 

14 

McDannell,  J.  H 

Warsaw..  .. 

42 

McEldowney,  T.  M 

Winchester 

2 

8 

McKibbin,  J.  D 

Augusta 

11 

McKinney,  J.  R 

Richmond 

19 

Miller,  A 

Berry 

10 

Miller,  R.  F 

do 

10 

Minor,  P.  0 

Owenton 

43 

Morris,  A.  E 

Hopkinsville 

29 

18 

Morris,  J.  M 

do 

2 

78 

Morris,  Sam  G 

do 

7 

Paddock,  Beni 

Hebron 

3 

10 

Parks,  W.  C 

Danville 

14 

Pennick  & Malone 

Russellville 

15 

52 

Perrant  Bros 

Dover 

25 

10 

Petrie,  J.  E 

Elkton 

33 

35 

Powell,  T.  L 

La  Grange 

25 

Pyles,  W.  E 

Maysville 

3 

22 

Ramey,  Jas.  R 

Carrollton 

2 

12 

Rice,  Luther 

Paris 

1 

12 

Riebel,  Geo.  F.,  jr... 

Skylight 

19 

Rouse,  H 

Crittenden 

10 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  71 


J ERSE  Y— Continued . 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


Kentucky — contin  ue  d. 


Rule,  Rev.  John 

Russell,  Geo.  T 

Ryle,  S.  B 

St.  Vincent  Academy.. 
Satterwhite,  A.  J ..... . 

Scott,  C.  P 

Scott,  D.  C 

Sherwood,  J.  W 

Shoemaker,  J.  C 

Smoot,  W.  B 

Sonsley,  Roy  J 

Stowe,  Chas‘.  H 

Stowe,  G.  H 

Summers,  L.  A 

Swain,  H.  E 

Terrill,  J.  H 

Troutman,  O.  F 

Vandolah,  W.  E. 

Vimont,  Letto'n 

Von  Gruenigan,  Albert. 
Von  Gruenigan,  Fred  .. 

Walker,  Wm 

Weeks,  Swayne 

Weimer,  Geo.  S 

Williams,  E.  N 

Wingfield,  E.  A 

Yancey,  Raymond 

Zaring',  A.  L 

Yancey,  Frank 


Goshen 

La  Grange. . . . 

Grant 

St.  Vincent 

Farmdale 

Ghent 

Hutchison 

Lawrenceburg, 

Falmouth 

Augusta 

Hopkinsville. . 

do 

do 

Gracey 

Smithfield 

Elkton 

Nicholasville. . 

La  Grange 

Paris.... 

Stanford 

do 

Hopkinsville. . 

Crest  v/ood 

Augusta 

Lexington 

La  Grange 

Hopkinsville. . 

Crestwood 

Elkton 


14 

2 

13 


4 

1 


1 

3 

12 

2 

27 

1 


3 

9 


17 
7 

18 
1 


7 


5 

19 


6 


1 

48 

1 

36 

16 

12 

35 

13 

20 

7 


10 


29 

11 

13 

29 

40 

7 

26 

19 

20 
11 


28 

3 


16 

7 


LOUISIANA. 


Alford,  H.  N 

Alford,  S.  J 

Anthony,  L 

Bollolfo,  G 

Bridges,  Henry 

Bridges,  Jack 

Bridges,  J.  J 

Bridges,  Joel 

Brodham,  J.  S 

Brodley,  U.  S 

Carter,  W.  H.. 

Cyples,  A 

Hay,  H.  H 

Hay,  M 

Hodspm,  Prof.  R.  W 

Hyson,  W.  E 

Easley,  R.  T 

Ellis,  Mrs.  M.  K 

Frazier,  J.  P 

Hutchinson,  H.  E 

Hyde,  C.  A 

Hyde,  C.  J 

Johns,  Hr.  J.  B 

Keator,  Hr.  J.  T 

Kliesch,  T.  A 

Louisiana  State  University. 

McBaniel,  L.  H 

Minor  Estate 

Moore,  Sam 

Morgan,  W.  T 

Morris-Hay  Co 

Munch,  Jake 

Neetham,  J.  T 

Newman,  J.  A 

Newsom,  J.  E 

Passon,  Robert 

Pounder,  L.  B 

Powell,  J.  A 

Price,  W.  A 

Ho 

Raley,  R.  E 

Raley,  R.  T 

Reeves,  J.  C 

Schwartz,  N.  G 

Schwartz,  Utis 


Amite 

Kentwood 

Hammond 

do 

Tangipahoa 

do 

do 

.....do 

Kentwood 

Fluker 

Hammond 

do 

Kentwood 

do 

Baton  Rouge 

Kentwood 

Tangipahoa 

Kentwood 

do 

Tangipahoa 

Fluker 

do 

Stonewall 

Bermuda 

Post  office,  Osyka,  Miss. 

Baton  Rouge 

Kentwood 

Houma 

Tangipahoa 

Fluker 

Kentwood 

New  Orleans 

Kentwood 

do 

Tangipahoa 

New  Iberia 

Amite 

Kentwood 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Tangipahoa 

Kentwood 

do 


13 


5 


6 


2 


9 

11 


29 


3 


1 

3 


14 

13 

41 

21 

18 

18 

17 

30 


16 

27 
24 

28 
20 

17 

24 
71 
59 
11 
20 
20 
23 
45 

1 

23 

5 

13 
12 
23 

18 
51 
12 

25 

14 
59 
54 
13 
18 
29 
23 
18 
29 
10 
21 
34 


72  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Address. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


Louisiana — continued. 


Shaffer,  It.  B 

Shall,  M.  A 

Simmon ds,  M.  W 

Smith,  C.  L 

Smith,  H.  J 

Smith,  L.  H 

Southwestern  Industrial  Institute 

Strickland,  H.  T 

Supple,  J.  W.,  Planting  Co 

Swearingcr.  J.  T 

Tariere  Dairy 

Terry,  C.  P 

Tyler.  C.  T 

Tyner,  E.  T 

Venable,  W.  E 

Vernon,  E.  T 

Wall,  J.  P 

Waller,  Jules  V/ 

Young,  M.  P 

Young,  R.  M.: 

Young,  W.  J 


Ellendale 

Harahan 

Kentwood 

do 

do 

do 

La  Fayette 

Tangipahoa 

Bayou  Goula 

Kentwood 

Burwick 

Post  office,  Osyka,  Miss 

Amite 

Kentwood 

Tangipahoa 

Fluker 

Tangipahoa 

do 

Kentwood 

do 

Tangipahoa 


1 


6 


1 

i 


34 
21 
12 

17 
12 
Iff 
21 
21 

40 

18 

41 
26 
14 
29 
12 

35 
22 
20 
10 
35 
11 


MAINE. 

1 

6 

Alley  W E 

North  Vassalboro,  R.  49 

1 

A trips  Frank  S 

Machias 

7 

Ash  Nathan 

Bar  Harbor 

Ayredale  Stock  Farm 

Bangor 

134 

Babbidge  Chas 

North  Brooksville 

Bailey,  C E 

North  Vassalboro. . . , 

Bellows  Charles  E 

Freedom 

4 

Bisbee  Bros 

Canton 

10 

Blaisdell  Geo 

Mercer 

1 

Blanchard  Fred  S 

Cumberland  Center 

8 

Boothby  It  H 

Livermore  Falls 

6 

Bowdoin  Geo 

Harmony 

Boynton  P L 

Liberty 

Brapp  H E 

North  Vassalboro 

1 

^ * 

~R  rip  P's  O S 

Turner,  R.  2 

3 

-~A  1oo°>  • - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  - 

Burgess  F O 

North  Vassalboro 

1 

Cannon  Roy 

Oakland 

Chadbourne  A L 

Harmony 

Chapman  Everett  T 

Harrison,  R.  R 

2 

Chipman  Geo  E 

South  Poland  

Cl°mert  ’Frank  11 

West  Penobscot 

Clouorh  Richard 

Monmouth 

1 

Cook5  D A 

Oakland 

Cooley  Henry 

Brigham 

14 

Cottle  .A.  G" 

Houlton 

16 

Cousins  Horace 

W aterville 

Cunningham  E L 

Bangor  

(Hurt is  E W 

W aterville 

Cushman  F H 

do 

2 

Davis  E E 

Greene 

6 

Denton  L EL 

Caribou 

4 

Doe  A ’e 

Vassalboro 

Doe  Frank  E 

Fairfield  Center 

7 

Doughty  T B 

Norway,  R.  2 

6 

Downer  E W 

Freedom 

4 

Drummond.  Scott  H 

W inslow 

Dudley  Harvey 

Strickland 

Dunbar  H W 

East  Sullivan 

Ed^ecomb  F 

Cornish 

2 

Farrington  C W 

Fryeburg 

28 

Fif'Pl  Chas  F 

Cumberland  Center 

9 

Fogg  Lester  L 

Greene 

5 

Ford  Bros 

Brewer 

1 

Fotel  Geo 

Waterville 

French  Geo  EL 

Turner 

Gifford’  E S* 

Auburn 

22 

Gordon  J H 

Livermore 

11 

Green,  il.  F 

Houlton 

2 

7 
28 
14 
5 
9 

5 
11 

id 

13 
18 

6 

14 

17 
45 
31 
14 
10 
13 

18 
13 
Iff 

8 
11 
10 

9 

6 


29 

17 

11 

11 

14 


7 

15 


6 

8 

14 

12 

14 

10 

1 

7 

4 

10 

20 

12 


16 

10 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  ihe  Accredited-Herd  Plan . 73 


JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


aine  — continue  d . 


Hallee,  Oscar 

Hanna,  E.  A 

Harding  E.  C 

Hardy,  Herbert 

Hart,  C.  H 

Haslam,  M.  W 

Haynes,  Guy  C 

Heikkinen,  Antti 

Highacre  Farm 

Hill,  Mrs.  F.  E 

Hinkley,  E.  E 

Hosmer,  Addison  A . . . 

Howe,  Paul  H 

Howe,  T.  N 

Innes.  Chas.  H 

Jones,  R.  O 

Jones,  Wallace 

Jordan,  Harvey  H 

Judd,  J.  H 

Kelley,  Geo 

Leach,  Irving  L 

Leathers,  O.  C 

Leonard,  Arthur  W. . . 

Levanseller  Bros 

Levine,  L 

Libby,  O.  B 

Luce,  C.  E.  & A,  J 

Luce,  G.  M.  &F.C 

Lufkin,  H.  G 

Mansur,  Leroy 

Mason,  Fred 

Mclntire,  A.  R 

Means,  L.  F 

Mills,  Horace 

Mingo,  Arthur 

Moody,  Edgar  M ..... . 

Moore,  E.  L 

Moore,  V.  G 

Morey,  Chas.  E 

Morse  & Son,  F.  H 

Moulton,  H.  M 

Mount  Merici  Convent. 

Noyes,  C.  W 

Noyes,  E.  I> 

Oliver,  Geo.  E 

Orcutt,  Raymond 

Palmer,  J.  F 

Perkins,  John  F 

Perley,  Fred  B 

Pierce,  Greenleaf 

Pierce,  Ingraham  C 

Pike  & Sons,  J.  J 

Pinkham,  C.  A 

Pope  & Sons,  C.  S 

Porter,  Richard 

Priest,  Ernest  R 

Rand,  Frank 

Redfem,  Ralph  B 

Richmond,  Floyd 

Ricker,  Ella  J 

Ricker  & Son,  F.  A 

Roberts,  John 

Robinson,  J.  P 

Rose,  Nelson 

Rugan,  Frank 

Russell,  Theodore 

Salshury,  George 

Sanborn,  M.  B 

Sanderson,  A.  L 

Savage,  Edgar  W 

Shorev,  C.F 

Simpson.  George ... 

Smith,  Elbridge,  & Son 

Smith,  Walter 

Soper,  Geo.  I 

Staples,  W.  H..... 

Stevens,  A.  Herbert 


North  Vassalboro. . 

Ashville 

South  Union 

FI  ope 

Brewer 

Waltham 

Vassalboro 

Livermore  Falls 

Bangor 

Calais 

North  Livermore. . . 

East  Wilton 

Norway 

Greene 

Saco. 

Winslow 

North  Vassalboro. . 

Waltham 

Greene 

Mercer 

Blue  Hill 

Kenduskeag 

Thorndike 

Waldo 

Waterville 

Warren 

Farmington 

do 

Levant 

Monroe 

Waterville 

Fairfield 

do 

West  Brooksville. . . 

Fairfield 

Union 

Livermore  Falls — 

Bangor 

Mechanic  Falls 

Waterford 

Cumberland  Center . 

Waterville 

East  Wilton 

Fairfield 

Waterville 

East  Sullivan. 

East  Sumner 

Levant 

Vassalboro 

Berwick 

Brigham 

East  Brownfield 

North  Vassalboro. . 

Manchester 

Washburn 

North  Vassalboro. . . 

do 

Yarmouth 

Strickland 

Harmony 

Turner 

Alfred 

East  Sumner 

Dixfield 

Houlton 

Livermore 

Fairfield 

Greene.... 

Harrison 

Farmington 

North  Vassalboro. . . 

Waterville 

West  Kennebunk . . . 

Brewer 

North  Penobscot 

Limerick 

Livermore  Falls 


12 

12 

14 


2 

IU 

18 

14 

1 

10 

12 

65 

1 

12 

1 

13 

3 

8 

16 

1 

20 

13 

16 

12 

19 

9 

3 

14 

20 

9 

8 

1 

18 

13 

1 

18 

8 

16 

5 

20 

31 

4 

16 

2 

16 

10 

11 

13 

10 

11 

14 

14 

17 

20 

6 

5 

26 

41 

28 

11 

11 

3 

15 

23 

10 

9 

3 

8 

12 

34 

13 

19 

4 

1 

23 

1 

12 

36 

1 

9 

8 

8 

14 

23 

1 

16 

13 

13 

12 

6 

21 

10 

2 

18 

1 

15 

11 

12 

14 

1 

16 

5 

8 

11 

20 

5 

3 

10 

11 

... 

10 

5 1 

8 

74  Department  Circular  lb3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


J ER  SE  Y — Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  ret 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

Maine — continued. 

14 

2 

g 

Tavlor  & Son,  J 

13 

4 

g 

Tobey,  L.  J 

13 

Totman.  Hiram  W 

21 

11 

Towle,  E N 

15 

11 

27 

6 

Tyler,  Frank  C 

11 

34 

7 

g 

Wallace,  R.'a  

5 

11 

Ward  (J  U G 

14 

11 

5 

g 

11 

12 

10 

12 

28 

MARYLAND. 

7 

2 

Railey  W F 

12 

13 

Cffflllr  Oyrfvp  

Trapne  ................. 

34 

Clfvmfvps  ft  E 

Brooklandviile 

5 

Cln<?o  RhillipT  . 

Bel  Air  

5 

Cummings  Andrew  

Street  ... . . 

1 

12 

BfWVSnTl  T J 

Cumberland  

12 

Pickens  ft  m . 

Cumberland,  It*  3 -----  * 

11 

IHi  ruling  ton  W W 

Seat  Pleasant 

11 

Forbes  Theodore 

Fallston. 

10 

2 

Gorman  Mrs  G Norris  

Laurel 

15 

Graham  A B 

Trappe  - 

11 

Gray  T Ernest  - 

Forest  Hill  

2 

17 

Harlan  J Maurice 

Fallston.... 

9 

3 

Hilian  Mrs  T CP  Donnell 

P,pr>]  Ajaton  

25 

Hutchinson,  M,  J.. 

Cordova... ....... 

10 

Lochary  Fred  - ' 

Bel  Air  R 3 

20 

Contee ... 

13 

Morlnw  "W  PT  i r ... 

College  Park  

16 

Moxley  J E - 

Bel  Air  R.  3 

27 

Osborne  Mi  0 . 

Bel  Air * 

21 

1 

Poplin  A t>  

26 

Silver  Geo  E 

Darlington  * , 

5 

8 

Smith  Martin  TT  . 

Annapolis.  ........... 

7 

Smith  Robt  J T T 

Easton. 

3 

21 

Stnsrt  T T . _ , T ..... 

Bel  Air 

21 

Thomas  E E T . . 

16 

Wallis  6ugh  

Wheaton. 

IS 

"Webster  E H 

Bel  Air  

19 

Webster  Jno  S 

Aberdeen,  R.  R 

3 

17 

Wilonn  <TP  W 

Forest  Hill. 

22 

3 

With  caff  W A 

Silver  Spring  

11 

WicTlAT1  A/Tvc  Sallv 

Sparks  

10 

Yoder  Albert  U 

Grantsville, post  office,  Elk  Lick,  Pa.. 

16 

Yoder  Ed  M 

Grantsville 

1 

20 

Yoder,'  Sami.  U 

Grantsville;  post  office,  Elk  Lick,  Pa. . 

3 

14 

MASSACHUSETTS . 

A.lmy  Frederick  S 

West  Wrentham  

10 

Brady  M L 

U xbridge  

8 

"Prague  L h 

Hinsdale .... 

6 

Cnfpjsb  Miss  Gertrude  E . 

Norton.  

17 

3 

Field  W B Osgood 

Lenox  .... 

37 

11 

Foster  Gira.nd  ... 

do 

16 

Gn.ge  T)r  J Art.bnr  

Lowell  

12 

10 

Ga.rflnld  Meson  

Concord. --------------- 

22 

Sibley  John  R 

Spencer  

116 

Stoughton  L E 

Turners  Falls 

22 

25 

Willet.  Howard 

New  Marlboro 

47 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  75 


J ER  SEY— Continued. 


N ame. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors . 


Address. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


MICHIGAN. 


Alban,  Geo.  L.,  & Sons.. 

Bliss,  E.  L 

Eardlev,  J.  F 

Sanderson,  A.  D.,  & Son 

Walker,  Chas.  H 

Whipple,  H.  C 


Clinton 

Silver  Creek . . . 
Grand  Rapids. 

Biissfleld 

Byron  Center . 
Augusta 


Hanske,  Ed 

Holker,  A 

Howe,  E.  K 

Indian  School 

Lintner,  Wm.M 

Manchester,  Edw.  V 

Nobles,  N.  R 

O’Donnell,  F 

Olsen,  Edw.  A 

Passe,  F.  H 

Plank,  R 

Sanken,  H.  W 

Sanderson,  Geo.  H 

Senne,  C.  N 

University  of  Minnesota  Dairy  Farm... 

White,  C/H.,  & F.W 

Wiganowsky,  L.  E 


MINNESOTA. 

St.  Hilaire 

Hamel 

Alden 

Pipestone 

Farmington 

Hopkins 

Sumter 

Rush  City 

Nelson 

Wabasha 

Wayzata 

Brownton 

Anoka 

Fairmont 

St.  Paul 

Marshall 

Morristown 


MISSISSIPPI. 


Alcorn  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
College. 

Aycock,  E.  L 

Bailey  & Mill  mder 

Bailey,  P.  G 

Bailey,  P.  S 

Banks,  N.  H 

Bar  dwell,  C.  0 

Beall,  B.  S.,  jr 

Black,  R.  P 

Branch  Experiment  Station 

Brantley,  Dr.  F.  L 

Brewer,  Mrs.  C.  B 

Brister,  J.  W 

Brown  & Majure 

Brown,  C.  E 

Brown,  J.  E 

Brumfield,  J.  M 

Burnley,  J.  M 

Burwell,  S.  L 

Byrne,  M.  O 

Callicott,  J.  T 

Calvet,  J.  V 

Camp,  H.  A 

Carter,  W.  B 

Carter,  W.  E 

Castle,  F.  L 

Chandler,  G.  L 

Chi  Id  re,  M 

Clarksdale  Duroc  Farms 

Cooper,  R.  A 

Cooper,  Dr.  T.  E 

Cother  Bros 

Cowsert,  J.  D 

Crosby,  J.  A 

Davidson,  A.  F .. 

Dearing,  R.  J 

Deverbux  Hall  Asylum 

Dubard,  E.  A 

Ellington,  D.  J 

Enochs,  R.  H 

Fender,  A.  E 

Ford,  J.  F 

Francis,  W.  G 

Friene,  Eugene 

Frizell,  J.  L 

Gardner,  F.  M 

Garner,  B.  O 

Gavin,  R.  S 


Lorman 

Macon 

Aberdeen 

Kosciusko 

Oakland 

Philadelphia 

Starkville 

Lexington 

Hattiesburg 

Holly  Springs 

Walnut  Grove,  R.  3. 

Meridian 

West  Point 

Decatur 

Hattiesburg 

Blue  Mountain 

Port  Gibson 

Sallas 

Lexington 

Macon 

Cold  Water 

West  Point 

Hattiesburg 

West 

Quitman 

Sessums 

Meridian 

Jackson,  R.  4 

Clarksdale 

Dixon 

Jackson 

Aberdeen 

Goodman 

Kosciusko 

Walnut  Grove 

Philadelphia 

Natchez 

Sallis 

Lexington,  R.  5 

Fern  wood 

Wesson 

Newton 

Crystal  Springs 

Brookhaven 

do 

Dixon 

Pontotoc 

Columbus 


16 

25 

13 

8 

2 

8 

8 

32 

18 

8 

5 

11 

45 

1 

9 

11 

6 

' 26 

3 

7 

5 

11 

12 

15 

4 

20 

4 

4 

15 

22 

58 

25 

18 

8 

28 

30 

15 

13 

12 

15 

33 

44 

10 

1 

7 

4 

4 

26 

1 

15 

1 

37 

1 

73 

20 

6 

1 

17 

8 

1 

13 

17 

12 

1 

16 

11 

5 

3 

1 

6 

3 

19 

4 

1 

39 

16 

16 

6 

11 

4 

12 

6 

59 

10 

4 

15 

24 

1 

17 

1 

9 

6 

12 

3 

16 

4 I 

28 

4 

1 

17 

18 

43 

9 

3 

25 

1 

9 

4 

14 

5 

37 

17  3 


76  Department  Circular  1^3,  U . S.  Dept . of  Agriculture, 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  rea 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ctors. 

Grade. 

Mississippi— continued . 

Germany,  B.  R 

2 

13 

Gilbert,  W.  R... 

22 

Glenn  Eden  Stock  Farm 

5 

12 

Gober,  J,  L 

3 

25 

Gore,  Mrs.  J.  H 

Water  Valley 

13 

Gousett,  Geo 

Macon “ 

35 

Gousett'  Phillip. 

22 

Gulledge,  J.  H 

38 

38 

Hall,  S.  C 

6 

3 

Hanson,  H.  H 

Macon 7 

24 

Hardage,  P.  C 

2 

8 

15 

2 

75 

Headly,  S.  P 

16 

Henderson,  C.  M.,  jr 

Sardis 

7 

4 

Henley,  Albert . . ' 

Brooksville 

13 

Herron  & Ford 

5 

29 

Huckabie,  J.  C 

11 

Hundley,  W.  H 

West  Point 

20 

Jeflferie,  ETorman 

Jeffries 

30 

Terrell,  W.  R 

Collins 

1 

6 

Jones,  'T.  A 

Aberdeen 

26 

Jones  County  Agriculture  High  School.. 

Ellisville 

2 

20 

Lewis,  T.  J 

Dixon... 

2 

6 

Long,  M.  N 

8 

14 

Long"  W.  Fred 

3 

18 

McCelland,  C.  H 

Durant 

12 

McCuller,  W.  C 

39 

McCune,  J.  T 

Decatur.  

2 

6 

McDonald,  J.  M. . 

Sebastopol . . 

1 

4 

McKellar,  Cady  I.,  & W.  S 

Meridian  

14 

McLeod,  Wm.  M 

Brooksville 

10 

17 

McMillan,  A.  L.  

Louisville 

6 

26 

McMillan,  Mrs.  A.  M 

Dixon 

3 

8 

Majure,  K.  D 

do 

3 

5 

Majure,  W.  E 

2 

4 

Malone,  H.  G... 

Greenwood 

1 

4 

Milan,  H.  T.,  & Co...  . 

Myrtle,  R.  1 

6 

15 

Mitchell,  W.  T 

Sanford 

3 

5 

Montgomery,  T.  M 

Starkville 

2 

67 

Moore,  Jas  

Meridian 

8 

Moore,  J.  R 

.do 

6 

5 

Morgan,  .T.  C _ 

Macon 

1 

19 

Morgan,  W.  P.. 

Sallas 

1 

20 

Norman,  Berry  

West  Point 

22 

Oaklawn  Dairy  Farm 

Charleston 

3 

27 

Ogletree,  Mrs.  Nora 

Dixon 

2 

4 

Ogletree,  R.  D 

Dixon,  R.  2 

6 

16 

Oliver,  Rubie 

Duck  Hill 

1 

34 

Owens,  T.  J 

Sallas  . 

22 

Parkinson,  R.  N 

Durant 

16 

Pate,  G.  E 

Woodland 

10 

Peteech,  Arch 

Greenwood 

1 

29 

Pierce,  J.  R.  C 

Dixon 

2 

14 

Pilgram,  G.  A . . 

Complete 

17 

Pope,  G.  J 

Collins 

3 

2 

Pope,  0.  C 

11 

Prichett,  S.  T 

Hattiesburg 

16 

Prince,  J.  A 

New  Albany 

1 

13 

Ratliff,  Z.  E 

West,  R.  1 

1 

19 

Ray,  B.  G 

Pontotoc 

3 

4 

Rhea,  E.  F 

Lexington 

3 

24 

Richardson,  W.  J 

Macon 

1 

20 

Robinson,  J.  T . . . 

Aberdeen 

12 

Rogers,  J.  B 

Water  Valley 

2 

12 

Rogers,  Murray  . . 

Macon 

5 

20 

Rogers,  W.  A.. 

Brookhaven 

31 

Rogers,  W.  V 

Macon 

63 

Ryan,  Thos.  J 

Jackson 

14 

1 

Sanders,  I.  A 

Louisville  

18 

Sayle,  Lucie  E 

Oakland 

15 

Scott,  R.  A 

Senatobia 

5 

Seavy,  C.  E . 

Aberdeen 

17 

Simpson,  II.  H..  . 

Winona 

3 

13 

Sissell,  J.  R 

Water  Valley 

1 

36 

Sloan,  H.  C 

Wallerville 

5 

2 

Smith,  A.  S 

Decatur 

13 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  77 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

> tested  with 
actors. 

Grade. 

Mississippi — continued. 

Smith,  C.  H 

Meridian 

28 

Smith,  T.  A 

31 

Smythe,  Mis.  D 

17 

Stevens',  J.  M 

Grenada 

2 

10 

Stone,  Jas.,sr 

Oxford. 

64 

Swan,  J.  D 

14 

Sykes,  C.  E 

Duck  Hill  . 

7 

22 

Tate  County  Agriculture  High  School.. 

Senatobia 

15 

Thrash,  W.  Y 

1 

39 

Todd,  J.  A 

Collins . 

11 

Todd,  E.  M 

24 

Trussell,  T.  E 

10 

Turner,  W.  L 

8 

3 

Vardanian,  W.  S 

Greenwood 

29 

Ward,  Evon  C 

10 

Watkins  Bros . . 

1 

68 

Watkins,  H.  A 

1 

24 

Watkins;  J.  R 

7 

13 

Watkins,  W.  D 

7 

Watkins,  W.  E 

.do 

2 

7 

Weeks,  A.  S 

West 

7 

Weens,  S.  W 

9 

26 

Wigley,  D.  C 

West  ° 

1 

27 

Wigley,  J.  F 

1 

23 

Wiglev,  T.  E 

2 

25 

Wilbanks,  J.  E 

2 

17 

Wilkins,  J.  D 

Duck  Hill 

1 

33 

Williams  Bros 

2 

7 

Williamson,  E.  W 

10 

Willis,  Vander 

Dixon 

2 

8 

Wilson.  J.  W 

Philad  elphia 

6 

6 

Wingfield,  J.  R 

Dixon 

1 

9 

Young,  G.  W 

Lumberton 

20 

MISSOURI. 

Anderson,  Ben  R 

Perry 

5 

25 

Atteberry,  Fern 

Elkland 

20 

Atteberry,  John  V 

10 

Barnes,  S.  K 

Marshfield . . . 

11 

Beckner,  A.  L 

4 

40 

Berry,  Ralph 

Carthage  - . 

19 

12 

Biles,  C.  E 

Safe  . 

2 

10 

Black,  K.  K 

Fordland 

1 

xi 

Bluhm.  Thomas  A 

Smith  ton 

10 

Bolte,  John 

do  .. 

2 

20 

Bouldin,  H.  R 

Hughesville 

8 

19 

Brand,  H.  A 

Cape  Girardeau. . . 

2 

12 

Brixey/R.  C 

Marshfield. . 

10 

Brixey,  Barney 

7 

25 

Brock,  Tom,  & Son 

Reeds  . 

11 

11 

Browers  Bros 

Willard 

8 

24 

Brown,  George  Warren 

Crescent 

6 

2 

Bucklev,  T.  A 

Sedalia 

8 

7 

Buffum,  J.  A 

Columbia . . . 

17 

Bumgarner,  C.  C 

Elkland 

1 

19 

Burrows,  J.  S.,  & Sons 

Carthage . . 

20 

3 

Busiek  & Sehuttler 

Farmington 

8 

25 

Camfield,  W.  G.,  & Sons 

Neosho.  . . . 

21 

5 

Campbell  Bros 

Carthage ...  . 

5 

Clark,  E.  T.,  & Son 

Monroe  City 

60 

Clary,  Thomas  C 

Joplin 

1 

19 

Clouse,  A.  G 

Marshfield 

11 

Coffelt,  E.  C 

Strafford 

10 

13 

Coffman,  C.  A 

Marshfield 

11 

Coleman  Farm 

Coleman 

17 

i 

Cerder,  Charles  C 

Carthage 

6 

13 

Crawford,  T.  D 

Nevada 

5 

2 

Curran  Bros 

Sedalia 

1 

16 

Davis,  C.  B 

Elkland 

2 

12 

Demand,  Elsten 

Smithton . . . 

6 

11 

Dennis,  C.  B 

Trenton 

4 

34 

Dillard,  J.  G 

Jefferson  City 

26 

Drum,  O.  C 

Jackson . 

6 

35 

Dumell,  Fred 

Springfield  . 

30 

20 

Ehlers,  Chris 

('ape  Girardeau 

1 

11 

Ennis,  Albert  S 

Festus . . . 

21 

13 

Fellin,  P.  J 

Marshfield 

15 

78  , Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Fellin,  Louis 

Missouri — continued . 
Marshfield 

13 

22 

53 

21 

21 

12 

13 

13 

Fellin,  Jim,  & Ed 

Felske,  Jacob 

4 

9 

Forbis,  M.  F 

Ohillicbthe 

Ford,  N.  D.,  & Son 

Jackson 

Ford,  R.  H 

F orderhase,  George  R 

Hermann 

Fornkohl,  Wm 

1 

44 

4 

10 

Foster,  C.  A 

Trenton 

Froem'sdorf,  H.  J 

Cape  Girardeau . . 

12 

7 

12 

12 

10 

4 

14 
13 

2 

12 

12 

15 

Glanbitz,  B 

Rogersville.. 

Glanbitz,  Emanuel 

Fordland 

Goodfaster,  J.  T 

Guy,  L.  P 

Marshfield 

Iiagan,  George  W 

Lees  Summit..,. 

10 

16 

20 

8 

3 

Harlan,  0.0 

Harris,  Lee 

Hart,  Edgar 

IJrich 

Hartman,  Wm 

Hartshorn,  Mrs.  Dave  E 

Farmington 

Hawn,  J.  F 

2 

27 

1 

Head,  S.  R 

Hannibal 

Hitt,  Horace  E 

Gordon  ville 

23 

17 

30 

13 
11 

14 
13 
17 

5 

2 

15 
29 
15 

13 
33 

5 

5 

14 
3 

41 

7 

2 

1 

11 

Hitt,  M.  L 

Hobbs,  John  A 

2 

Hoehn's,  W.  A 

Smithton 

Hollis,  J.  M 

Elkland 

Huber,  Gilbert  B 

Perrvville 

6 

Hume,'  H.  H 

Urbana 

Hunsaker,  T.  H 

Novelty 

1 

53 

23 

Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows 
Home. 

Jackson,  R.  A 

Liberty 

Huntsville  . . 

Johnson,  Roy 

Farmington 

Keller,  A.  0 

Cape  Girardeau 

3 

Keller,  F.  A 

Keller,  H.  M 

7 
4 

8 
6 

Kellogg  Farm 

Carthage  . . 

Klein,  August 

Sedalia 

Knight,  A.  G 

Trenton  . 

Landers,  0.  S 

Dadeville 

Leuther,  F.  C 

Marshfield 

8 

5 

8 

17 

9 

Lewis,  E.  R : 

Jackson 

Lewis,  T.  H 

Cape  Girardeau 

Lochrie,  George  M 

Carl  Junction 

Long,  John 

Lujin,  Roy 

Smithton . 

McCall,  Dan 

Elkland 

12 

2 

2 

20 

23 

1 

26 

1 

27 

21 

26 

6 

6 

17 

4 

Me  Gary,  G.  R 

Fayette 

22 

12 

1 

McKinney,  J.  G 

Marshfield 

McWilliams,  Dr.  J.  A 

Bucklin 

McWilliams,  J.  N 

Mammon,  Charles 

Cape  Girardeau  

12 

22 

16 

14 

2 

Mayhew,  D.  S 

Monett 

Monsees,  J.  T 

Smithton 

Monsees,  W.  C 

Sedalia 

Morris,  D.  R 

Bucklin 

Morris,  H.  J 

New  Cambria  . . 

Morton,  W.  P 

Jackson 

10 

8 

Motley,  L.  W.,  & Sons 

Vandalia 

Nichols,  Herschel 

Huntsville 

Nordike,  S.  A.,  & Son 

Springfield 

30 

26 

13 

1 

11 

9 

10 

11 

25 

1 

20 

North,  Dick 

Neosho 

Norton,  N.  L 

Sedalia 

Oliver,  Rolla 

In  depen  dence 

46 

Osredlter,  A 

Marshfield 

Paugh,  E . F 

Carthage _ 

21 

Peabody,  C.  F.,  & Son 

Smithton 

Phelps,  Julius  C 

Jefferson  City 

Pile,  Seldon  H 

Glasgow 

1 

22 

1 

13 

9 

54 

Poundstone,  R.  F 

Oronogo  

Ragsdale,  J.  M 

Marshfield ... 

Rainwater,  J.  M 

Kirksville. . . 

Reed,  Clarence  E 

Puxico  . 

2 

Redmon  & Son 

Tipton 

Reesman,  A.  J 

Kirksville  . 

17 

4 

Robinson,  C.  A 

do 

59 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  79 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

.Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Missouri — continued. 

Roller,  S.  M 

Purdy 

16 

18 

Roney,  T.  J 

Webb  City 

19 

31 

Rose,'6rUY  M 

Rogersville 

14 

Ross"  Frank  F 

13 

2 

Ross,  W.  B 

10 

Rowland,  H 

New  Cambria 

22 

Saffarrans,  George  V 

Paimvria 

30 

San drv,  W.  J 

31 

2 

Schulze,  H.  H 

21 

1 

17 

Shertz,  W.  W 

Fordland 

12 

2 

Slater,  F.  E 

Hale 

14 

23 

Smith,  Ira  L 

Smithton 

12 

Smith^  N.  A 

11 

14 

Snodgrass^  J.  M 

do 

13 

17 

4 

Spink,  jMrs.  Ella 

12 

Stevenson,  W.  H 

8 

1 

Stuckey,  Edward 

7 

9 

Thompson,  Janies  E 

13 

8 

Tisdale,  G.  W 

1 

17 

Truitt,  "Mrs.  Mary  E 

H 

Von  Gremp,  C.  (5 

H 

11 

Walbridge^  C.  M 

Kansas  City 

15 

Walker,  J.  T.  Est 

48 

Wallen,  Ernest  W.,  & Son 

16 

Wampler,  Clyde.. . 

Amazonia 

10 

7 

Wampler,  L.'M 

27 

Watkins,  Walter  R 

Clayton 

8 

14 

Watts,  C.  N 

Rogersville 

16 

Webb,  J.  A 

Oak  Grove 

3 

12 

Webster,  C.  D 

St.  Joseph 

7 

5 

White,  i.  R & Son 

Aurora 

3 

25 

Whiteside,  Tom 

Springfield 

15 

Whittenburg  Bros 

Marshfield 

12 

15 

Wise,  Edward  L 

Webb  City  

6 

Wrigley,  R.  G 

Savannah 

39 

1 

Young,  R.  I 

St.  Joseph 

8 

Zigelhofer,  George 

Marshfield 

10 

18 

MONTANA. 

Burgess,  S.  J 

Helena 

91 

Daniels,  R.  H 

Corvallis _ 

8 

4 

Kelly,  Samuel 

Cascade 

60 

Logan,  Mrs.  Toi.  Long 

Sf,even  svi  11  p. 

25 

8 

McComas,  W.  P 

Helena 

46 

Myers,  S.  C 

Huntley  . . 

1 

33 

Smith,  W.  A 

Simms 

2 

21 

Smock,  E.  A 

Cascade 

25 

Thurston,  Charles 

Butte 

51 

NEBRASKA. 

Barnell,  Sumner 

Sutton 

13 

Carothers,  A 

Beaver  City 

14 

Eager,  Earl 

Beaver  Crossing 

24 

Englehardt,  G.W 

Osceola 

5 

4 

Glass,  Albert 

Fairfield 

1 

• IQ 

Margrave,  J 

Preston 

4 

10 

Miller,  Frank 

Clay  Center 

7 

Nevins,  E.  L 

Fairfield 

12 

Norlin,  John 

Harvard 

10 

Ransom  & Smelz 

Clay  Center 

27 

Ransom,  Schuyler 

Salem 

1 

17 

Rice,  Wm.  G 

Fort  Crook 

10 

4 

Savin,  R.  T 

Lexington 

6 

13 

Sinclair,  N 

Collegeview 

1 

11 

Stewart,  W.  Y 

Ord 

6 

g 

Theer,  Rena 

Shickley 

5 

7 

Weller,  W.  F 

Raymond 

26 

Williams,  W.J 

Cedar  Rapids 

16 

80  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


JERSEY — Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred.  I Grade. 

NEVADA. 

Cooper,  Richard 

1 

io 

Filbey,  J.  L 

X 

1 6 

94. 

Farmer,  J.  R 

Sparks,  box  263. . 

Z*± 

oo 

Gibson,  Robert  0 

St.  Thomas 

oO 

10 

OQ 

Glazier,  Chas.  E 

Fallon 

Johnston,  J.  H 

9Q 

Mathews,  Frank,  Estate 

Yerington 

09 

McCain,  A.  A 

Kaolin 

zo 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

aU 

Bass,  Robert  P 

14 

on 

Garvin,  F.  E 

3 

o 

Hunter,  Roy  D 

36 

o 

Q 

Lcvejoy,  Harry  C ' 

Cornish  Flat 

19 

Mativia,  H.  J 

19 

Putnam,  Geo.  M 

33 

Putney,  Ira  A 

3 

JL 

14 

Record,'  W.  J 

4 

It 

58 

Rossiter,  C.  T 

11 

ift 

Steams,  N.  F 

15 

AO 

91 

Townsend,  H.  S 

20 

Zi 

11 

Walton,  Fred 

7 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Doscher,  Charles  A 

Millington 

38 

NEW  YORK. 

Babcock,  C.  H 

Friendship  . . 

49 

Christian,  Howard 

Ashland 

13 

Clark,  M.  H.  & M.  A 

Elma 

33 

Devine,  Dr.  J.  F 

Goshen 

g 

1 

De  Witt,  Owen 

Interlaken 

24 

A 

Genung,  Dr.  H 

Freeville '. 

20 

Gregory.  D.  M 

Mount  Vision 

10 

Hoose,  Arthur  L 

IX 

15 

Hosford,  J.  S 

Kinderhook 

60 

Ingalshe,  Frank 

South  Hart  wick  . 

16 

Keenev,  F.  B 

Warsaw...  . 

49 

La  Salie  Jersey  Stock  Farm 

La  Salle 

60 

Mills,  Ogden 

Staatsburg.. 

53 

Parks,  C.  J 

Fergusonville 

1 

14 

Relyea,  A.  J 

Oneonta 

6 

Rounds,  John 

Mount  Vision. 

2 

12 

Smith,  H.  C.  & A.  V 

Marcellus 

37 

Steele,  P.  R 

Windham 

3 

94 

Wardwell,  H.  L 

Springfield  Center.  . 

11 

Zcx 

3 

Wilbur,  D.  G.  & E.  R 

Stillwater 

7 

10 

Young,  Dr.  D.  F 

Phoenix 

43 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Abernathy,  C.  L 

Charlotte 

1 

24 

Ackemran,  S.  A 

16 

North  Carolina  State  College  of  Agricul- 

Raleigh  

56 

11 

ture  and  Engineering. 

Alexander,  J.  L 

Gastonia 

10 

19 

Alexander^  J.  W 

Kannapolis 

Allen,  0.  R 

Mocks  ville 

1 

LZ 

20 

Anders,  J.  E 

Asheville,  R.  5 

19 

Anthony,  W.  D 

Gastonia 

15 

Arrowood.  L.  C 

Bessemer  City 

2 

21 

Atwood,  A.  B 

Winston-Salem,  R.  1 

11 

49 

Austin,  J.  W 

Biltmore 

32 

Baker,  W.  F 

Charlotte 

5 

33 

Ballard,  L.  G 

Candler,  R.  2 

13 

Barger,  T.  J.  A 

Salisburv,  R.  6 

4 

4 

Beaty,  T.  J 

Paw  Creek . . 

17 

Bernhardt,  R.  L 

Salisburv 

11 

Black,  J.  A 

Charlotte 

11 

Bodennamer,  0.  H 

Winston-Salem,  R.  5 

1 

17 

Booker,  L.  S 

Durham .... 

21 

Bost,  C.  M 

Matthews 

4 

7 

Bost,  J 

Rockwell 

10 

Boyd,  W.  R 

Charlotte - 

2 

8 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  81 

JERSEY-Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

j Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

north  Carolina— continued. 

Boyd,  T.  C 

Bradley,  Mrs.  W 

Statesville 

Briggs,  O.  W 

Fletcher 

Brown,  Jas.  S 

Asheville,  R.  2 

Brown,  W.  A 

Rocky  Point . . 



Bullard,  James 

Fayetteville... 

Burrage,  R.  L 

Concord . . . 

J 

Cansler,  E.  T 

Charlotte 

21 

Camber,  J.  E 

Coble,  S.  E.,  Friendship  Farm 

Guilford  College 

Compler,  Ben 

Goldsboro... 

Coner,  W.  C 

Cherryville... 

Conley,  T.  E 

2 

Craig,  W.  R 

Mocksville,  R.  4... 

Creasinan,  C.  M 

Biltmore 

Davall,  W.  H 

Asheville,  R.  4 

Davis,  B.  G 

Bessemer  City. 

Davis,  L.  L 

Kinston 

Deal,  C.  C 

China  Grove 

Deal,  E.  L .. . . 

o 

Dellinger,  E.  Lee 

Cherrvville 

z 

Dennis.  W.  J 

West  Durham 

Dillingham,  A.  M 

Asheville,  R.  2. . 

Dixon,  C.  S 

Raleigh 

Dockery,  J.  C 

Asheville,  R.  1 . . 

Dykers,  M 

Wilmington... 

Eakers,  C.  M 

Crouse 

Edmiston,  V.  C 

Mount  Ulla 

Endsley,  W.  H 

Winston-Salem 

Falls,  R.  M 

Gastonia . . 

i 

Finger,  C.  E 

Hickory.. 

25 

Flowe,  J.  W 

Kannapolis 

Foard,  J.  D 

Statesville 

8 

Foil,  H.  C 

Rockwell 

Fuwalon,  G.  W 

Biltmore 

Gaddy,  W.  H 

Galloway,  M.  A 

Charlotte 

Gate,  F.  T.,  & Son 

Hoffman 

1 1 

German,  J.  E 

Boomer. 

11 

16 

German,  J.  M 

Gillispie,  W.  K 

Asheville 

o 

Gochnauer,  C.  H 

New  Bern 

Green,  A.  C 

Raleigh 

Green,  J.  E 

Green,  T.  M 

Fayetteville 

l 

Green,  N.  W 

Raleigh 

i 

Greenwood  & Sams 

Asheville 

Greer,  Grover  C 

Grassy  Creek 

1 A 

Griffin,  B.  F 

Matthews . 

10 

O 

Harden,  John  W 

Raleigh 

Harris,  N.  B.,  & Bros 

Newell 

7 

Heavner,  F.  J 

Lineolnton  R 1 

o 

Henderson,  E.  L 

Graham 

Z 

Herman,  P.  G 

Conover,  R.  1 

10 

Hoover,  G.  L 

Charlotte 

Hunsucker,  G.  L 

Asheville  R.  1... 

Irvin,  T.  S 

Mocksville 

Jackson,  F.  H 

Bowling  Green  R.  1 

Jackson,  R.  A 

Jeffreys,  J.  M 

Raleigh 

Johnston,  I.  W 

Wilmington 

0 

Jones,  T.  P 

Candler 

Justice,  C.  N 

Rutherfordton  R 4 

A 

Justus,  W.  S 

Biltmore 

Kilgore,  B.  W 

Raleigh 

Kindley,  G.  W 

Greensboro 

Kiser,  D.  A 

Bessemer  City,  R.  2 

Knowles,  H.  C 

Wilmington.. . 

Lambeth,  J.  W. . . . 

Thomas  ville . . 

1 

Lawrence  Bros 

Raleigh 

Lee,  W.  R 

Charlotte,  R.  2 

7 

Ledbetter,  Carrol 

Legans,  G.  L 

Asheville 

Cana 

i 

Lewis,  J.  A 

Lineberry,  C.  C 

Greensboro,  R.  2 

Greensboro 

l 

Lingerfelt,  W.  M 

Bessemer  City 

Grade. 


45 


15 
23 

36 

17 

18 

7 

10 

29 
10 
13 

8 

30 
23 
49 
18 

6 

26 

12 

6 

12 

1 

16 
10 
15 
11 
19 

6 

13 

15 
8 

37 
27 
22 
12 
10 
25 
11 

6 

16 
13 
22 

1 

11 


12650°— 20- 


82  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

JERSEY — Continued. 


N 


ame. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 


north  Carolina— continued. 


Ludwiek,  T.  B.  S 

Lumberton  Cotton  Mills 

Lunsford,  H.  M 

Lutz,  Miss  Sarah  C 

Luwalon,  G.  W 

McDaniel,  J.  F 

McDowell,  R.  E 

McKennon,  L.  W 

McLaughlin,  H.  L 

McLean,  S.  B 

McNight,  J.  F 

Martin  Farms  (Inc.) 

Mason,  P.  R 

Menius  N.  W 

Methodist  Orphanage 

Misenheimer,  J.  A 

Moore,  A.  E 

Morris,  Dr.  J.  A 

Morrison,  W.  E.... 

Morrow,  T 

Moose,  E.  L. 

Moss,  J.  R 

Mouser,  H.  E 

Nazareth  Orphanage 

Neel,  D.  L... 

Nettles,  H.  L 

Oats,  T.  R.  E 

Orr,  R.  W 

Osborne,  F.  C 

Paine,  I.  N 

Parker,  R.  A 

Pearson,  B.  G 

Pearson,  W.  C 

Pember,  E.  A 

Penninger,  M.  L 

Phipps,  J.  Henry 

Piedmont  Experiment  Station 

Pitts,  J.  P 

Price,  S.  I 

Pugh,  A.  W 

Rea,  J.  L 

Reams,  E.  L 

Redman,  G.  R 

Reynolda  Farms  Co 

Rhyme,  E.  C 

Ricks,  R.  H 

Roberson,  W.  M 

Roberts,  J.  M 

Robinson,  J.  C 

Robinson,  J.  H 

Roper  Lumber  Co 

Rouse,  N.  J 

Rowe,  Mary 

Roystei\  T.  S 

Sharp,  W.  H 

Sherrill,  M.  F 

Shu  ford,  R.  L 

Shuping,  W.  A 

Smith,  G.  D 

Smith,  J.  F 

Smith,  J.  G 

Sparrow,  Thos 

Stevenson,  J.  H 

Stewart,  C.  B 

Stewart,  J.  A 

Stirewalt,  G.  C 

Turner,  J.  F 

Turner,  W.  P.  M 

Wagoner,  F.  A 

Wake  County  Home 

Ward  Bros 

Warlick,  J.  R 

Warlick,  T.  A 

Waugh,  Mrs.  James 

Weathers,  T.  P 

Weijers,  Christiaan 

Wheeler,  Paul 


Salisbmy 

Lumberton 

Asheville,  R.  3 

Newton 

Biltmore 

Kinston 

Charlotte 

Maxton 

Mount  Ulla 

Maxton 

China  Grove 

Belmont,  R.  1 

Thomasville 

Salisbury 

Raleigh 

Rockwell 

Gastonia.... 

Oxford 

Statesville 

Mount  Ulla 

Conover 

Albemarle 

Newton 

Raleigh 

Woodleaf. 

Biltmore 

Gastonia 

Statesville 

Fletcher,  R.  1 

Statesville 

Weaverville 

Gastonia 

do 

New  Bern 

Mount  Pleasant,  R.  3 

Greensboro 

Statesville 

Hickory... 

Charlotte 

Climax 

Matthews 

Charlotte 

Biltmore 

Winston-Salem 

Reepsville 

Rocky  Mount 

Asheville,  R.  1 

Asheville 

Gastonia 

Charlotte,  R.  7 

Roper 

Kinston 

Conover 

Bessemer  City 

Greensboro 

Statesville 

Salisbury 

Salisbury,  R.  5 

Biltmore 

Concord 

Guilford  College 

Gastonia 

New  Bern 

Derita,  R.  14 

Mooresville 

China  Grove. 

Mount  Ulla 

Wilmington 

Mocksville 

Raleigh 

Greensboro 

Reepsville 

do 

Greensboro 

Raleigh 

Wilmington 

Durham 


1 

6 


6 

19 

1 

14 

1 

22 

2 

1 


1 

4 

14 

7 

7 

5 


2 

2 


11 


2 


2 


3 

3 


1 


12 


3 

4 


2 


2 


Grade. 


22 

37 

21 

l 

21 

17 

14 


17 


11 

11 

21 

10 

20 

7 

19 


2 

2 

4 

11 

23 

56 

12 

14 
10 

13 
11 
10 
21 

15 

14 

14 
4 
3 

23 

15 
23 
13 
22 


11 

42 

12 

15 

27 

31 

10 

12 

8 

11 

19 

10 

5 

3 

24 

24 

15 
14 
17 

16 

5 

6 
12 

13 

14 
13 
12 

9 

12 

17 

19 

12 

21 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  83 


JERSEY —Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re: 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

north  Carolina— continued. 

Whitesides,  M.  W 

11 

Wiggs,  W.  B 

10 

Williams,  H.  B 

Raleigh,  R.2 

5 

19 

Wilson,  R.  H 

13 

Wilson,  W.  A 

13 

18 

Yost,  R.  W 

Charlotte 

2 

16 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Albright,  M.  H 

Fargo , 

13 

Hammond,  C.  B 

Clyde 

6 

6 

Lund,  H. . 

12 

Newgard,  E 

14 

Noble,  M.  B 

7 

9 

School  for  Blind 

5 

Tuberculosis  S anitarium 

Dunseith 

1 

28 

Page,  Wm.,  & Sons 

16 

2 

Smith,  W.  S 

2 

13 

OHIO. 

Abbott,  George  F 

27 

Andre,  Lerov  W 

6 

Arbaugh  & Miser 

15 

Ault  Sisters 

2 

15 

Bachman,  H.  C 

13 

2 

Bachman'  S.  L 

16 

1 

Barkley,  Ellis  B 

12 

Bartles,  H.  S 

New  Philadelphia 

10 

Beardslev,  H.  J 

Canfield 

33 

4 

Bee,  Walter 

Bethel 

12 

Belmont  County  Children’s  Home 

Tacoma 

10 

Benner,  Jerome  L 

Tiffin 

12 

Bin  ns,  John  A 

Salem 

13 

Blosser,  Eli 

North  Lima 

3 

15 

Boltz,  A.  H 

New  Philadelphia 

15 

Bowles,  A.  B 

Harrison - - 

10 

1 

Brady,  W.  G 

Barnes  ville 

3 

11 

Brisker,  Eli 

Salem 

20 

Brocket!,  E.  W 

Atwater 

18 

Brooks  & Barker 

32 

Brown,  M.  E 

Columbus 

18 

Bruderly,  Fred 

W ashingtonville 

19 

4 

Bundy,  W.  J 

Colerain 

2 

3 

Burchfield,  George  C 

Barnes  ville 

1 

12 

Candel,  Henry 

Columbiana  . . . 

18 

Camnbell,  C.  H 

St.  Clairs  ville 

18 

Chidsey,  Grant  C 

Brunswick 

22 

2 

Christy,  S.  G 

St.  Clairs  ville 

11 

Coning,  D.  M 

Dayton 

13 

ConMe,  Alonzo 

Clark 

17 

Conkle,  C 

Lay!  and  

44 

Cope,  Emmor 

Salem 

10 

1 

Crawford,  Thomas 

__  do 

11 

Crouse,  Rollin 

North  Lima 

5 

Croy,  N.  S 

Pomeroy,  

23 

Cuckler,  W.  H 

Athens 

13 

4 

Damon  & Co.,  C.  W 

Brunswick - 

25  1 

Delaney,  G.  W 

Barnes  ville 

11 

\ 

Dempsey,  Tom 

Water  ville 

15 

Denison  & Son,  L,  L 

Delaware 

23 

Denlinger,  Moses 

Trotwood 

18 

Detrow,  Sylvanus 

Poland 

6 

Dickey,  Mrs.  Dell 

Elkton 

6 

2 

Doudna,  J.  E 

Quaker  City 

18 

4 

Drewey,  Mrs.  L.  D 

Terrace  Park 

13 

Dumford,  J.  W 

Pleasant  Plain 

13 

Dunn,  Walter 

Salem 

16 

11 

Dysart,  W.  H 

Pataskala 

16 

Eblin,  James 

Middleport 

23 

Emery,  D.C 

Napoleon 

4 

14 

Farrell,  Herbert 

Sandusky., 

Filbrun  F.  A 

Dayton 

10 

Fitz,  John 

Venice 

18 

Fraley,  E . P 

Belial  re  _ . 

12 

Frederick,  Allen 

Poland 

19 

84  Department  Circular  143,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Address. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


onio — continued . 


French,  Homer 

Fultz,  F.  W 

Galloway,  J.  C 

Garber,  C.  W 

Garman,  H.  B.  & B.  F 

Garrison,  W.  W 

Gebhard,  John  W 

Geigher,  F.  B 

George,  H.  G 

Giffee,  J.  B 

Giffin,  F.  M 

Giffin  & Son,  J.  M 

Gilmore,  WaidA 

Godfrey,  O.  L 

Gosser,  Louis  A 

Gracey,  J.  E 

Graham,  J.  M 

Haines,  J.  R 

Haines  & Cochran 

Hall,  J.  Wilmer 

Hall,  W.  T 

Halle,  Salmon  P 

Halverstadt,  A.  C 

Hamilton,  I.  H 

Hamilton  County  Experiment  Farm.. 

Hanna,  M.  R 

Haven,  B.  W 

Ileeter,  Albert 

Higgins  & Son,  J.  W 

Hippely,  Fred 

Hoopes,  Charles 

Irey,  Julian 

Jeffers,  A.  B 

Johnson,  W.  S 

Jones,  A.  C 

Jones,  Austin 

Judkins,  James  A 

Kennedy,  W.  F 

Kimberlin,  E.  F 

King,  Harry  J 

Koerner,  George  A.,  & Son 

Krieger,  E.  J 

Krieger,  W.  H 

Kryder,  Geo.  E 

Lane,  C.  C 

Lesher,  Torrence 

Lewis,  B.  S 

Long,  Byron 

Long,  J.  P 

Lucius,  Mrs.  W.  I 

Lust,  W.  H 

McCorkle,  R.  L 

McKi trick,  B.  A 

Malmsburry,  J.  S 

Maple  Grove  Dairy 

Martin,  S.  E 

Martindill,  J.  E 

Mercer,  L.  L 

Meyer  & Sons,  C.  F 

Miley,  D.  C 

Miller  & Son,  E.  F 

Miller  & Son,  H.  P 

Miller  & Son,  Wm 

Moore,  J.  E 

Moore,  John  H 

Mowen  & Moore 

Murphy,  J.  A 

Nash,  Dr.  J.  K 

Neer  & Son,  J.  S 

Negus,  A.  J 

Newhouse,  J.  B 

Nickols,  A.  J 

Nuhfer,  George 

Parrish,  E.  C 

Perry  County  Infirmary 

Phillips,  C.  M 

Phillips,  Ross 


Sa/em 

Hanoverton 

Bridgeport 

Bellville 

Everett 

Springfield 

Elkton 

New  Springfield... 

Hiram 

Barnesville 

Bellaire 

do 

Minersville 

Bridgeport 

Berlin  Center 

Quaker  City 

Millersburg 

Dillonvale 

Blanchester 

Barnesville 

do 

Wickliffe 

Columbiana 

Toledo 

Mount  Healthy . . . 

Elkton 

Galena 

New  Lebanon 

Athens 

Salem 

do 

Lisbon 

Barnesville 

St.  Clairsville 

Yorkville 

Wilmington 

Barnesville 

Blue  Ash 

Orrville 

Washington  C.  H. 

Powhatan 

Swanton 

Bridgeport 

McClure 

Bellefontaine 

Vandalia 

St.  Clairsville 

Waynesburg 

Dayton 

Hamilton 

Marion 

Niles 

West  Mansfield 

North  Benton 

Smithville 

New  Concord 

Pataskaia 

St.  Clairsville 

New  Philadelphia. 

Lay  land 

Vermilion 

Sunbury 

Gypsum 

Hanoverton 

Pataskaia 

Deerfield 

Bethesda 

Y oungstown 

Mechanicsburg 

Bridgeport 

Magnolia 

Berlin  Heights — 

Woodville 

Cadiz 

Lexington 

Barnesville 

do 


14 

7 


1 

9 

7 

9 

6 

12 

22 

13 

7 

3 

6 

2 

28 

1 

7 

1 

15 

7 

26 

9 

4 

5 

4 

17 

3 

7 

9 

16 

35 

6 

4 

10 

33 

9 

5 

7 

3 

4 

3 

1 

12 

13 

7 

11 

13 

4 

25 

28 

2 

3 

14 

5 

9 

13 

12 

7 

15 

1 

23 

12 

3 

8 

16 

54 

1 

3 

2 

12 

21 

13 

30 

5 

3 

13 

10 

1 

12 

10 

2 

5 

8 

13 

16 

41 

5 

30 

13 

11 

4 

21 

8 

4 

9 

9 

2 

27 

41 

9 

4 

27 

3 

10 

19 

4 

16 

19 

8 

34 

25 

8 

18 

3 

21 

2 

4 

14 

9 

7 


Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  85 


JERSEY — Continued. 

Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

i tested  with- 
sactors. 

Grade. 

Pike,  G.  W 

OHIO — continued. 
New  Waterford. . . 

11 

3 
23 

4 
8 
8 

14 

1 

9 

13 

9 

10 

17 

16 

58 

13 
26 
21 

14 
11 

3 

13 

28 

11 

32 

8 

4 

6 

7 

Pirn,  F.  C 

East  Rochester. ..  . 

Pim,  J.  G 

Beloit 

Plumlv,  Park 

Barnesville 

Pomerene,  W.  R 

Worthington 

Povv,  C.  A 

Salem.  .. 

12 

Price,  W.  H 

Woodville 

Pyle,  S.  C 

Clarksville 

4 

9 

6 

Ransom,  Ben 

Prospect 

Reed,  G.  C.  & H.  C 

Canfield 

Renninger,  P.  L 

Clifton ...  . 

Rilev,  John  L 

Canfield  . 

Rinehart,  R.  R 

Ritchey,  E.  T 

Tuppers  Plains 

Robinson  Bros 

Plain  Citv 

Robinson,  E.  C 

Coplev ...’..Lj... 

4 

2 

Robinson,  J.  T 

Rogers,  Roscoe  M 

Rohrer,  J.  S 

3 

3 

13 

4 

13 

Rohrer,  S.  E 

Rose,  M.  T 

Ross,  C.  W 

Greenfield 

Felicity 

Rossolot,  Charles 

Pleasant  Plain  . 

Roth,  Lewis 

Bridgeport 

Rupert  & Son,  Benj 

New  Waterford 

Sale,  Walter  W 

Columbus 

Schumacher,  Menno 

Pandora 

Scott,  Seth  P 

18 

5 
9 

18 

15 
23 
11 

2 

7 

16 

6 

Sears',  W.  H 

Barnesville 

Shaw,  J.  T..... 

Lisbon 

3 

Short,  J.  C 

Xenia 

Shrock,  A.  J 

North  Lima 

Slagel,  Homer  B 

Poland 

4 

3 

2 

11 

11 

Smith,  F.  B 

Cadiz 

Smith,  H.  C 

Salem 

Stamp,  J.  R 

Stamp,  J.  W 

Steer,  L.  E 

Hanoverton 

Steiner,  William 

Pandora 

Stewart,  C.  V 

Amalin 

Stillson  Bros 

Kent 

6 

25 

18 

11 

19 

19 

Stockslager,  Chas 

Ivewisburg 

Stouffer,  H.  S 

Continental . . 

1 

5 

1 

47 

14 

Stratlord,  Thos.  G 

Canfield..  .. 

Stratton,  B.  W 

Hanoverton..  . 

Telling-Belle  Vernon  Co 

Willoughby 

Terrell,  Harley 

Degraff 

Thomas,  Walter  S 

Adena 

11 

31 

13 

24 

26 

20 

8 

9 

6 

10 

6 

Tyson,  Charles 

Hamilton 

Van  Blaricom,  S.  N 

Salem 

Venable  & Son.  J.  W 

Vickers,  F.  R 

Walker,  H.  F 

Williamsburg 

Walker,  R.  L 

Bridgeport. . . 

9 

Walton,  D.  E 

Columbiana 

Ware,  W.  L 

Batavia 

Whinnery,  0.  E 

Salem 

White,  L.  A 

Clyde . . 

1 

13 

5 

3 

Wright,  Rev.  E.  J 

Zedaker,  J.  C . 

Granville 

Y oungstown . . 

3 

2 

18 

18 

9 

Ziegler,  Alvin  E* 

Sterling,  R.  1... 

Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College. . . 
Bell,  Robert 

OKLAHOMA. 

Stillwater 

El  Reno 

3 

3 

16 

10 

20 

16 

15 

19 

11 

Bush,  A.  B 

Comanche 

Butler,  A.  M 

Guthrie 

Hampton,  L.  A 

Dale... 

11 

10 

71 

Harrison,  H.  E- 

El  Reno 

Harris  & Patterson 

Muskogee 

Hawley,  William 

Guthrie 

Madden,  Fred 

Mecoskev,  John 

El  Reno 

Murray  State  School 

Oklahoma  Institute  for  Feeble  Minded." 
Schalker,  Henry 

Tishomingo 

6 

1 

Enid 

Guthrie 

64 

22 

86  Department  Circular  lb3,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture , 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re; 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

Oklahoma — continued. 

Sheffler,  E.  E 

Guthrie 

j 

29 

Stochr,  C 

El  Reno... 

13 

State  Reform  School 

Pauls  Valley.... 

1 

84 

Thompson  & Boone 

Guthrie 

WoKef  Frank 

El  Reno 

18- 

5 

Worthington,  John 

do 

6 

g 

OBEGON. 

Abraham,  V.  S. . 

Gaston 

15 

19 

Allen,  D.P 

Blind  Slough. 

19 

Bagley  Co 

Hillsboro. 

12 

Baslirigton,  George  W 

Astoria 

21 

Bixby;B.  A “ 

Freewater 

11 

10 

Black/Noah 

Reedsport 

32 

Butler,  F.  E 

Blind  Slough 

17 

Chandler,  A.  B 

Sheridan 

8 

Cleveland,  W.  H 

Gresham 

13 

Conlcey,  C.  H.,  & Frank  Alderman 

La  Grande 

12 

Dammeier,  G.  H 

10 

Ebsen,  Chris 

23 

Elligsen,  Z. 

Oregon  City 

16 

Exon,  J.  W 

Wood  burn 

20 

Fox  Bros 

Silver  ton 

21 

Bart,  E.  D... 

Boring 

11 

Terger,  A.  H 

do 

14 

Tones,  Jacob  W 

34 

Kalarider,  Emil 

Blind  Slough 

17 

Kangas,  Jan. 

10 

Kemmling,  John 

Prineville . . 

29 

Lahti,  Henry 

Blind  Slough 

13 

Landes,  M.  E 

Redmond 

15 

McCalman,  A 

Scott  s Mills 

19 

McCoy,  J.  D 

Freewater 

23 

McCully,  C.  B 

Aumsville 

14 

Malar,  A.,  jr 

Boring.. 

18 

Marks  Bros 

Roseburg 

14 

25 

Martin,  William 

Forest  Grove 

28 

Michelson,  Elias 

Blind  Slough 

10 

Michelson,  Victor 

10 

Morrow,  W.  0 

independence 

5 

Nelson,  Be 

Boring 

12 

Oja,  Abel ; 

Blind  Slough 

10 

Polso,  John 

. .do 

15 

Reid, Clifford... 

Portland 

10 

Schultz,  John 

Blind  Slough 

16 

Sneed, N.  T 

Halsey 

12 

Walker,  W.  L 

Joseph.. 

13 

West,  Harry 

Scappoose 

35 

Wilson,  Hugh 

Joseph . . 

35 

Winter,  Chris 

Astoria  . . . 

11 

Wood,  Sam  M 

Redmond . . 

21 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Arnold,  Raymond  B 

Milan 

6 

43 

Ball  Brothers 

Birchard  ville 

24 

2 

Barber , H . S. , & Son 

Mercer,  R.  4 

30 

2 

Berryhill,  C . M 

Hickory 

27 

Bixler,  E.  S 

Easton. . 

7 

Boak,  J.  A 

N ew  Castle,  R . 4 . . 

19 

2 

Boozell,  Harry 

Volant,  R.2 

18 

Bortz,  D.  R.,  & Son 

Greenville,  R . 49 . . . . 

10 

Brenneman,  Gideon  J 

Elk  Lick 

25 

Bronson,  J.  W 

New  Galilee,  R.  1 

12 

Buchanan,  J.  E 

West  Alexander  

7 

1 

Buckwalter,  Mrs.,  & Son 

Pulaski,  R.  62,  Emerald  Crest  Farm.. 

8 

16 

Byers,  J.  F 

Enon  Valley,  R.  2. 

1 

17 

Cameron,  A.  F.,  & J.  O 

New  Castle,  R . 4 . . 

21 

Chamberlin,  T.  J 

Munderf 

2 

10 

Clark,  Rufus  W.,  & Son 

Enon  Valley,  R.  1... 

2 

28 

Cox,  John  W 

New  Wilmington 

15 

4 

Cox,  Pearson 

New  Wilmington,  R.  63 

H 

2 

Craig,  J.  G 

West  Alexander 

10 

9 

Craig,  N.  A 

Edinburg,  R.2 

1 

11 

Crandall,  Philip  S 

Alba,  R.  3 

22 

Davison,  H.  M 

Tarentum , R.3 

35 

Davis,  Lawrence 1 

Mercer,  R.  6 

10 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  87 


JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

! tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

PENNSYLVANIA— continued . 

Davidson,  Frank 

g 

1 

Devlin,  Thomas 

15 

I 

Dick,  Robert  W 

4 

ID 

17 

Douglas,  R.  R 

Enon  Valiev,  R.  1 

A / 

9ft 

Fullerton,  W.  S 

14 

1 

Gazzo,  Frank 

Mercer,  R.  3.. 

1 

11 

George  J unior  Republic 

Grove  City 

19 

Gilkev,  J.  F.,  & Son 

2 

ift 

Gilson,  H.  J 

Titusville,  R.  2 

ID 

17 

Gladfelter,  W.  L 

59 

Graham,  J.  C 

Grove,  Clyde 

12 

Hackney,  E.  S 

12 

Hall,  Mrs.  J.  K.  P 

in 

7 c 

91 

Hope,  \V . H 

i 0 
1[ 

ol 

1 A 

Hummer,  E.  W 

JL^± 

99 

Hunt,  J.  M... 

lu 

7 

66 

1 1 

Hunt,  S.  J 

• 

9 

11 

18 

Ingraham , 0 . R 

Townville 

O 

14 

Jamison,  T.  A . 

9 

1 9 

Jenkins,  Charles  S 

O 

25 

JLZ 

A 

McCaslih  & Forbes 

New  Castle,  R.  6 

33 

*± 

McClelland,  E.  C 

14 

1 A 

McClelland,  H.  A 

10 

19 

McCurdv,  R.  L 

Posters ville,  R.  3 

in 

McDougall,  G.  M 

Mercer,  R.  2 

1U 

91 

McEwen,  R.  E 

6 

G 

McFarland,  E.  E 

Pulaski,  R.  62  

15 

Mack,  J.  B 

Titusville  R 5 

Main,  J.  M.,  & Sons 

Shippensburg,  R.3  

I 

19 

22 

Meals,  F.  H „ 

Saesferstown 

G 

'Montgomerjr,  T.N.&R.E 

Grove  City,  R.  16,  Cloverhill  Farm 

«7 

1 

20 

Needier,  C.  W 

Edinburg 

o 

/ Oliver,  John  C 

Sewickley 

a 

11 

(Reed,  James  P 

West  Alexander  R 3 

0 

15 

4 

Ribb,  F.  0.,  & Son 

Diamond,  R.  1 

7 
1 ft 

Root,  James 

Titusville,  star  route 

J.D 

10 

Shields,  Frank 

Portersville,  R.  2 ..... 

K 

Shoemaker,  J.  C 

Enon  Valley,  R.  2,  Hill  Crest  Stock 

0 

1 

H 

Farm. 

Sibley,  Jos.  C 

Franklin,  River  Ridge  Farm 

QO  1 

Snvder,  H.  S 

Bethlehem . 

0 j 

1 3 ! 

Swisher,  J.  Jay 

Enon  Valley. . 

1 

1 9 

Syling,  J.  B 

Elwood  City  R 1 

1 

o 

lo 

Tittsler,  W.  C 

Pulaski  R 62 

10 

Vansant,  Dr.  Jos.  W 

Fox  Chase 

19 

o 

1 

Webster,  A.  S 

Guys  Mills 

y 

20 

Westlake,  L.  D 

Jackson  Center,  R.  18,  Pine  Brook 

t> 

13 

9 

Farm. 

Wetzel,  S.  S 

Marion  Center 

in 

Wimer,  Wm.  S 

Slippery  Rock,  R.3 

iy 

Wylie,  W.  E 

Grove  City,  R 16 

1 

ii 

-i  n 

Yingling,  C.  W 

Tryonville 

1 

o 

10 

Yoder,  Lewis  S 

Elk  Lick 

O 

18 

91 

SOUTH  CAROUNA. 

ol 

Addison,  G.  B 

Spartanburg 

1 O 

Browning,  W.  B 

Ridge  viile 

12 

lift 

Burgess,  V.  L 

Greenville 

110 

Oft 

Carson,  B.  G 

Ridge  viile 

ZD 

Chapman,  E.  E 

Greenville 

l 

34 

Clinkscales.  C.  C 

Troy 

22 

Oft 

Coleman,  S.  L 

Fountain  Tnn 

ft 

20 

Connie  Maxwell  Orphanage. . . 

Greenwood 

\ ) 

9/1 

Cushman,  C.  P 

Windsor 

04: 

1 c 

Edwards,  A.  F 

Darlington 

lo 

Ol 

Edwards,  B.  F 

Greenwood.' 

21 

0*7 

Epworth  Orphanage  

Columbia 

27 

on 

Fowke,  J.  C 

Baldock 

2y 

94. 

Glover"  W.  F.  H 

Charleston 

/I9 

Gramlmg,  B.  M 

Gramling 

4o 

Green,  J.  M 

Columbia,  R 4 

* ” " 

15 

Haskell,  A.  P 

Columbia,  R.  1 

5 

11 

Hickson,  John 

Kollock 

55 

Hughes,  Lizzie 

Columbia 

o\) 

13 

24 

88  Department  Circular  143,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture, 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  res 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
ictors. 

Grade. 

south  Carolina— continued. 

John  de  la  Howe  Industrial  School 

23 

Kellett,  C.  H 

16 

McCown,  J.  N 

14 

Marshall,  G.  L 

16 

Martin,  R.  H. 

21 

Miles,  Mrs.  J.  C 

13 

Millings,  D.  M 

p 

12 

7 

5 

Moored  G.  E.  H 

5 

25 

Morris,  R.  F 

16 

Mundy,  John  A 

11 

Mundy,  W.  H 

15 

Nicholson,  A.  L 

24 

Owens,  W.  B 

White  Pond 

11 

11 

Owings,  E 

2d 

Owings^  C.  B 

do 

10 

72 

Peavy,  J.  W 

11 

Phillips,  W.  M 

18 

Rainsford,  F.  F 

9 

Reams,  W.  S 

17 

12 

5 

4 

Rodgers,  A.  W 

1 

11 

Salisbury,  F.  W 

74 

13 

Self,  Dr.  J.  H 

9 

Shand,  S.  I 

20 

Shirley,  H.  C 

13 

41 

Shuler,  G.  C 

Vance  _ 

11 

Shuler,  A.  W 

do 

11 

Smith,  S.  G 

Converse,  R.  1 

26 

Smith,  W.  C.,  jr 

Williston  

38 

Spartanburg  County  Farm 

Fair  Forest  

10 

State  College 

Orangeburg 

22 

Strickland,  0.  M 

Columbia,  R.  3 

38 

Swindler.  W.  0 

Columbia 

17 

Thornwell  Orphanage 

Clinton 

33 

Toole,  F.  P 

Aiken 

32 

Wash,  R.  A 

Greenwood 

19 

TENNESSEE. 

Agricultural  and  Industrial  State  N or- 

Nashville 

15 

mal. 

Ailey,  Geo.  W 

Charleston 

31 

Alexander,  P.  M 

Cleveland , 

28 

Allen,  H.  H 

Bartlett 

18 

Anderson,  C.  G 

Memnhis 

14 

Anderson,  E.  A 

....  do 



16 

Anderson,  H.  B 

Tasso 

17 

Anderson,  J.  C.,  & Sons 

Hendersonville 

28 

Barham,  L.  E 

Riceville 

12 

Baringer,  J.  D 

Raleigh 

11 

Barten,  G.  N 

Buntyn 

1 

7 

Bates,  Mrs.  L.  A 

Charleston 

51 

6 

Behles  Bros 

Bartlett 

10 

Belote,  T.  W 

Buntyn 

11 

Bena,  J.  C 

Memphis 



13 

Benton,  E.  H 

Ooltewah 

11 

Benton,  R 

East  Chattanooga 

2 

6 

Benton,  S 

..  do 

13 

Bilderbach,  C.  R 

Memphis 

12 

Blake,  W.  S 

. . do 

1 

23 

Blair,  J.  F 

Tasso 

1 

57 

Brakebill,  G.  W 

Sweetwater 

32 

Bransford,  Wm.  S 

Nashville 

28 

Brooks.  G.  A 

Chattanooga 

12 

Brooks,  J.  A.,  & Son 

Memphis 1 

24 

Browder,  C.  D 

Sweetwater 1 

9 

30 

Brownlee,  J.  W 

Memphis 1 

26 

Burge,  M.  W 

Neshoba  

19 

Byrd,  C.  L 

Bin^h  am  pton 

10 

Byrd,  R.  F 

Sweetwater 



8 

23 

Carpenter,  J.  P.,  & H.  F 

Brushcreek 

9 

14 

Burke.  Sam 

Sweetwater 

i 

19 

Cannon  A . B 

Philadepliia 

65 

Carpenter.  W.  H 

Brushcreek 

16 

1 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  89 


J ERSE  Y— Continued . 


Name. 


Carter,  W.  E . 

Cartwright,  Walter 

Chesnutt,  J.  W 

Court,  W.  H 

Coleman,  D . E 

Crabtree,  W.  R 

Crittenden,  B.  G 

Cummins,  L.  P 

Davis,  W.  C 

Dixon,  V 

Drake,  J.M.P 

Duncan,  D.  W 

Eastern  Hospital  for  Insane. 

Edgar,  J.  B 

Edwards,  L.  C 

Elder,  Mose 

Estes,  R.  I 

Flaxner,  L.  H 

Friar,  J.  T 

Gatting,  W.  W 

Gettys,  S.  F 

Godsey,  L.  C 

Glanville,  Mrs.  J.  T 

Hadorn,  Fred 

Haeler  Bros 

Hall,  W.  H.,  & Son 

Hancock,  D . B 

Harris,  M.  L 

Hale,  W.  P 

Hawk,  H.H 

Harrison,  J.  M 

Herbert,  J.  S 

Hickle,  O.C 

Haynes,  J.  M 

Holmes,  Ballard 

Hood,  J.  R 

Houston,  S.  C 

Hyatt,  W.C 

Isabell,  W.M 

Jenkins,  J.  T 

Johnson,  C.  D 

Johnson,  J.  A 

Jordan,  A.  L 

Knox,  A.  D 

Lanier,  C.  H 

Ledford,  A.  L 

Ledford,  J.  L 

Lee,  R . M 

Lemonds,  B.  O 

Loveman,  D.  B 

Lynn  Bros 

Masingill,  N.  H 

McCalman,  C.  E 

McCarter,  G.  W 

McClure,  Robt 

McCullough,  A.  B 

Mackey,  D.  L 

Mason,  J.  T 

Meek,  Jeff 

McPherson,  R.  P 

Mayfield,  T.  B.,  & Son 

Martin,  Mrs.  T.  L 

Moore,  A.  L 

Moore,  Jno 

Moore,  J.  D 

Moon,  J.  P 

Moore,  E.  H 

Morgan,  J.  W 

Moss,  M 

Myers,  W.  B 

Nunnally,  G.  W 

Oler,  J. E 

Owen,  S.  F 

Ownby,  N.  L.,  & Loyd 

Parker,  O . B 

Perkinson,  J.  C 

Perry,  W.  W 


Address. 


Tennessee — continued. 

Smyrna 

..  Forest  Hill 

- Englewood 

- Memphis 

- Smyrna 

- Chattanooga 

- Sanford 

- Kerrville * . 

- Raleigh 

- Memphis 

- Whitehaven 

- Tasso 

- Knoxville 

- Capleville 

- Memphis 

. Riceville 

- Sweetwater 

- Memphis 

- East  Chattanooga 

- Bartlett 

- Sanford 

- Sweetwater 

- Neshoba 

- Memphis 

- Bartlett 

- Sweetwater 

- Chattanooga 

- Cleveland 

- Jefferson  City 

- Memphis 

- Hixon 

- Whitehaven 

- Powder  Springs 

- Murfreesboro 

. Whitehaven 

- Memphis 

- Forest  Hill 

. Buntyn 

- Whitehaven 

- Nashville 

- East  Chattanooga 

- Memphis 

- Franklin 

- Murfreesboro 

• Buntyn 

- Shepherd 

- Tasso 

. Smyrna 

- Bingham pton 

- Chattanooga 

- Buntyn 

. Bristol 

. Whitehaven 

. Neshoba 

. Whitehaven 

. Buntyn 

. Charleston 

. Memphis 

. Whitehaven 

do 

. Athens 

. Shepherd 

. Cordova 

. East  Chattanooga 

. Sweetwater 

do 

. Russellville 

Sanford 

E ast  Chattanooga 

Memphis 

Bartlett 

St.  Elmo 

Binghampton 

Cleveland 

i Memphis 

■ Sanford 

i Hixon 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Purebred. 


Grade. 


19 


43 

3 

20 


9 


2 


1 

17 
2 

26 

6 

50 

13 

18 
11 

13 

14 
38 
48 

6 


20 

17 

5 


27 


I 


10 


16 

8 


17 

10 


4 


18 

1 


13 

io' 


5 

27 


43 
12 
11 
16 

17 

19 

44 
22 
12 

13 
16 
16 
22 

20 
1 
9 

11 

14 
4 

20 

27 
10 
24 
24 
10 
23 
11 

18 
2 
8 

14 

10 

14 

10 

16 

2 

16 

28 
12 

13 
10 
11 
38 
11 
12 

14 
27 
11 

6 

11 

15 
11 
13 
13 


I 


3 


I, 


9 

11 

31 

11 


13 


I 

f 


9 


43 

12 

28 


90  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


J ER  SE  Y — C ontinue  d . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

Tennessee — continued. 

Ramsey-Gartley  Hospital 

Memohis 

15 

Rhea  & Lewis 

Hixon 

13 

Reagan,  J.A 

Sweetwater 

A K 

Richey,  J.  R 

Tasso . 

tO 

K1 

Richey  j R.  C 

Whitehaven 

3 

Oi 

A 

Robb,  F.  W 

O 
7 x 

Roberts,  W.  A.. 

1*3 

in 

Robinson,  D.  L 

5 

1U 

g 

Rominger,  J.  N 

Riceville 

18 

Rook,  C.  R 

23 

17 

3 

Pulaski 

36 

10 

12 

3 

41 

Russon,  W.  A 

22 

Schulgen.  J.  A 

Tasso 

4 

11 

Scott,  Ralph  W 

23 

11 

14 

18 

12 

152 

East  Chattanooga 

3 

9 

13 

11 

Wartrace 

32 

10 

100 

16 

2 

16 

V andergriff  & Pitts. 

Forest  Hill 

17 

Vamell,'.T.  O 

Tyner 

12 

Vanover,  R.  V 

Sanford 

• 14 

Walker  Mrs.  B.  B 

Memohis 

10 

Wallace,  W P 

Buntyn. 

2 

19 

WaterPeld  Sam 

Union  City 

41 

Walker,  A.  F 

Bartlett 

19 

Wesson  .T  W^ 

Raleigh  

10 

Wiersebern  An  Taylor 

Whitehaven 

2 

36 

Winberrv,  H.  E 

Bickford  Station 

12 

Wilson,  N.  R 

Charleston 

28 

Williams  G M & L E 

Rossville 

18 

Wofford,  Will 

Shepherd 

10 

Zachery  & Bottio 

Buntyn 

26 

TEXAS. 

Alderson,  W.  J 

Katy. 

69 

Baker,  J.  M 

Barker 

27 

Ballard,  H.  B 

Katy 

12 

Barnett,  C.  E 

Barker 

29 

Beckenoff,  B.  F 

Katy 

15 

Beesley,  C.  0 

Cedar  Hill 

9 

6 

Brown  Brothers 

Cleburne 

46 

2 

Cabiness,  J.  E 

Katy  

10 

Hennv,  W.  E 

do 

74 

Ernsts,  J.  A 

i do 

10 

Evans,  W.  B 

■ do 

15 

Farmers’  Goopprati  ve  Society 

j do 

21 

FJowerdale  Farm 

Dallas 

26 

Franz  AM,  Mrs 

Katy 

28 

Franz  C D 

do 

31 

Friday  M M 

do 

23 

Gol  dman  H 

do 

13 

Hagler  c’  E 

do 

19 

Houghton  G H 

Barker 

26 

Humphries  F C 

Katv 

13 

Lamb  H C 

ao 

26 

Lasater,  EdC. . 

Falfurrias,  Los  Meadows  Ranch 

4 

188 

Do 

Falfurrias,  No.  5 Ranch 

1 

38 

Do 

Falfurrias,  Cabezas  Blancos  Station. . . 

189 

1 

Do 

Falfurrias,  U na  de  Grata 

178 

96 

Do 

Falfurrias,  Riley  Ranch 

19 

425 

Do 

Falfurrias,  Claire  Salada  Station 

240 

1 

Do 

Falfurrias 

6 

2 

Do 

Falfurrias,  Laborsitias  Ranch 

5 

187 

Do 

Falfurrias,  Alto  Colorado  Ranch 

150 

Lawlor,  N.  T 

Lone  Oak 

44 

2 

Lindley,  H.  L 

Katy 

38 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  91 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once 
out  re 

Purebred. 

s tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Texas — continued. 

McCord,  E.  L 

Katy 

10 

McDonald.  N.  A 

31 

A 

Maness,  L.'  F 

Katy 

3c 

10 

Mathis,  J.  J 

42 

Mays,  W.  B 

13 

Porter,  S.  J 

15 

Rhodes,  R.  A 

14. 

Smoover,  J.  M 

Katy 

lTfc 

43 

Waegoner,  B.  P 

13 

Webb.  W.H 

19 

Wendling,  John 

AQ 

Whitson,  B.  B 

UO 

10 

Wilkinson,  F.  P 

19 

Witt,  W.  C 

20 

Thompson,  A.  E 

62 

UTAH. 

Bench,  Geo 

Price 

in 

Bounhus,  W 

Ogden 

AU 

in 

Broadbank.  A.  P.,  & Bro 

Murray 

1U 

16 

Bunnel,  S.  E . . „ 

1 9 

Call,  A.  C. 

14 

91 

Clinger,  Martin 

41 

1 A 

Clark,  J.  S 

3 

ID 

O 

Christensen,  R.  N 

American  Fork 

g 

O 

Dahl  Bros 

63 

Fouiger,  Herbert 

Ogden 

g 

Foulger  Co.,  The 

41 

A 

Harman,  C.' 

Salt  Lake  City 

6 

Hill,  Wm 

North  Ogden 

12 

Knudsen,  Heber  A 

Provo 

12 

Labrum,  Jno.  G 

Murray . . 

iq 

Little  Valley  Dairy  Farm 

Ogden 

10 

13 

Mann,  Geo.  B 

Woods  Cross 

12 

Mitchell,  E.  H 

13 

Mower,  C.  E 

Ogden 

14 

Muttall,  L.  John 

Provo 

in 

31sen,  O.C 

Clearfield..  . 

lU 

in 

Green,  J.  E 

American  Fork.  . . 

AU 

10 

VERMONT. 

Adams,  Walter 

Stowe 

2 

9 

Angell,  J.M 

Randolph  Center 

a 

39 

Annis.  H.  S 

Chelsea 

04 

13 

Ariel,  W.  J 

Montgomery  Center 

AO 

19 

Ashline,  W.S 

Randolph  Center  . 

4 

19 

Austin,  W.  0.  & W.  W 

14 

35 

Averill,  J.  F.  & A.  M 

Barre 

24 

Bacon,  Leonard 

Chelsea 

5 

19 

Bacon,  Richard 

10 

14 

19 

. Badger,  C.  A 

East  Montpelier 

11 

14 

27 

Bailey,  Jason  B 

Montpelier 

18 

1 Baker,  W.  G 

Morrisville 

25 

A 

‘ Bancroft,  L.D 

Calais 

2 

D 

27 

Bannister,  C.  J 

Randolph  Center  . 

93 

Baraw,  Charles 

Chelsea 

10 

40 

A 

Barker,  F.C 

Jacksonville 

D 

U 

Bedell,  J.  W.,  & Son 

Hardwick 

13 

Bell,  W.  D 

Westfield 

1 1 

Benson,  Joseph 

Stowe 

AA 

49 

Bernier,  Charles : 

Williamstown 

35 

Bickford,  F.H 

Bradford 

20 

Bioknell,  A.  B.&  J.M 

Tunbridge 

5 

24 

Bigelow,  E . L 

Stowe 

2 

A 

Bigelow,  A.  G 

Randolph  Center .... 

3 

T 

| Blain,D.A 

Barnet 

25 

32 

Blanchard,  Mrs.  G.  E 

White  River  Junction 

10 

Bliss,  S.  W 

St.  Albans. 

54 

Boardman,  M.  H 

Morrisville 

15 

34 

Boyce,  Othro 

Stowe 

12 

Boyd,  E.  W.  &H.  0 

East  Randolph 

17 

Bovden,  C. I 

Randolph  Center 

Briggs,  C.  A 

W illiamstown 

01 

] l 

in 

Brockway,  D.J 

West  Hartford 

47 

21 

Brosseau,  George 

Lowell 

in  , 

Brown,  Arronl 

Worcester 

AO 

18 

92  Department  Circular  143,  U . S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

verm  ont — continue  d . 

Saint  Albans 

29 

Worcester 1 

10 

South  Royalton 1 

19 

. do ” 1 

6 

17 

Vergennes 

13 

Windsor 

14 

H 

Pittsford/. 

4 

25 

Caron  6.  W 

Barton 

26 

Randolph  Center 

10 

West  Hartford 

17 

Morrisyille 

25 

Clifford  E G 

West  Hartford 

31 

Newport  Center 

20 

5 

do 

21 

12 

14 

Middlesex 

30 

St.  Johnsbury 

18 

8 

White  River  “Junction 

15 

Barton 

14 

Enosburg  Falls 

21 

W orcester 

17 

Randolph  Center 

24 

Hartfonl 

11 

8 

Enosburg  Falls 

12 

22 

Chelsea. 

15 

Greensboro 

26 

Dibbell  W F 

Waterbury  Center 

3 

17 

T)nymp.r  TT  "FT  

Stowe “ 

5 

2 

T)r>ymey  AT  W 

Montgomery 

2 

8 

’Downing'  Frpd  

Washington 

10 

Drirk  water  F E 

Plainfield 

2 

20 

Durkee  A J 

Randolph  Center 

12 

Dutton  R A 

Orleans 

22 

Efl.st.Tn  an  A G _ 

North  Hartland 

9 

11 

Eastman  W E 

Randolph  Center 

15 

Edson  A E 

South  Royalton 

20 

Eldrid’ge  F D 

East  Hardwick 

2 

15 

Emerson  FA  & Ron 

Barton 

3 

28 

Emery  Herbert  E 

Plainfield 

22 

11 

England  H 

Lowell 

15 

English  ’L  W 

Woodstock 

18 

41 

Ennis  Mrs  Fannie  M 

Marshfield 

24 

Fairbanks  B H 

West  Burke 

9 

Fairbanks  G H 

Enosburg  Falls 

14 

16 

Farr  V olney 

Randolph  Center 

18 

Fassett  W G 

Enosburg  Falls 

20 

15 

T'erland  0 

Newport  Center 

1 

14 

Fitch  C W 

East  Montpelier 

3 

27 

Fitch’  E C 

East  Calais 

2 

34 

Fletcher  Guy  H 

Randolph  City 

15 

Flanders  F A 

Washington 

17 

Flint  Fred 

Wiliiamstown 

13 

Forand  T 

Westfield 

12 

Ford  George  F 

Randolph 

23 

Foster  H . A 

Stowe  

2 

29 

Frisbic  E.  F . . ............. 

Vergennes 

22 

Fullain  W C 

Randolph  Center... 

17 

Gadlcv  B L 

Barnet 

19 

5 

Gaines  W U 

Taftsville 

20 

21 

Gale  A L 

Stowe 

27 

16 

Gale  George 

. . .do 

10 

35 

Gale’  P R 

do  

10 

Gamey  Clare  W 

j Cabot  

14 

Gates  (Charles  W Home  Farm 

56 

Gates  L R 

j Taftsville 

2 

6 

Gav  Bros  Co 

' Cavendish 

1 

5 

Goorce  F A 

i Wiliiamstown 

23 

Gilbert  W 

! Morrisville 

20 

G oodrich  A A 

i Hardwick 

i7 

froorlriph  A N _ . . 

Wiliiamstown 

2 

3 

Grant  J M 

Chelsea 

20 

Greenfield  II 

Franklin 

7 

20 

Gremer  Bert 

Washington ...... 

11 

Hamilton  W H 

West  Hartford  

16 

Harris  William 

Hyde  Park....„ 

2 

2s 

Hathaway.  Eliza 

' Greensboro 

10 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  93 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

' Cattle  once 
out  re; 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
actors. 

Grade. 

Vermont— continued. 

Hawes,  H.  H 

Bar  re 

16 

Hayward,  C.  L 

17 

Hayward'  Harry 

11 

Bazen,  Allen. 

49 

Hemenwav,  J.  F 

Chelsea 

20 

Hersey,  Glenn 

19 

Holmes,  J.  C 

11 

Hood  Farm ; Haekett,  manager 

23 

28 

Howland,  J.  C ! .'. 

64 

10 

Hutchinson,  E.  C 

35 

Ingalls,  William 

17 

Jeffords,  H.  M 

29 

Jennings,  B.  C 

6 

21 

Johnson,  George 

15 

Jones,  F.  F...T 

I 

10 

Jones'  W.  A 

4 

19 

Judd,  A.  L 

South  Strafford  

24 

Kennedy,  F.  A 

Windsor 

95 

Kingslev,'  R.  W 

32 

Kneelarid,  Homer 

Johnson. 

H 

Ladd,  M.  P 

30 

9 

Laird',  J.  E 

21 

Lamson,  0.,  & N.  F.  Wheatley 

Randolph  Center 

27 

Lawrence,  K.  C 7 

Bristol. 

2 

3 

Le  Clair,  Lewis 

14 

Lewis,  C.  C 

40 

Lewis'  R.  J 

1 

23 

Lilley,  Carl  D.  F 

Plainfield 

19 

27 

Luce,  H.  W.  & D.  F.,  lower  farm 

Stowe 

22 

Magdon,  B.  F .'. 

do . . . 

21 

Magoon,  E.  C 

do 

3 

20 

Magoon,  Guy  A 

Newport  .. 

4 

28 

Manchester,  Mrs.  F.  D 

Middlebury  .. 

15 

Marston,  John  W 

West  Topsham.. 

1 

8 

Martin,  J.  A 

Williamstown 

12 

Massey,  Damas 

East  Hardwick 

13 

Maxham,  M.  C 

Worcester 

13 

Maynard,  Roy 

Enosburg  Falls. . . 

24 

Maxham,  C.  J 

Woodstock 

33 

14 

Menard,  Joseph 

Chelsea 

27 

Merrill,  W.  S 

Hardwick 

20 

Merrill,  Wallace  R 

Craftsbury 

20 

McDonald,  J.  A 

Woodstock 

13 

5 

McLaren,  H.  A 

Barnet 

19 

Miller,  Charles 

Greensboro 

35 

Miller,  George  F 

Peacham 

26 

Miller,  Henry 

Greensboro 

40 

Moon,  Owen 

Woodstock 

50 

Moore,  W.  A 

Plainfield 

2 

25 

Monteith,  E.  M 

Westfield 

6 

13 

Morse,  F.  R 

Plainfield 

18 

Morse,  George  A 

Morrisville 

14 

Morse,  S.  B . 

Calais 

13 

Morse  Bros 

6 

36 

Moxley,  C.  H 

Randolph  Center 

19 

Neil,  C.  A 

White  River  Junction 

g 

36 

Newell,  S.  D 

Randolph  Center 

18 

Newton,  Harry  D 

Johnson. 

24 

Nichols,  C.  A 

Hardwick 

29 

Noyes,  L.  H 

Hyde  Park 

2 

13 

Packer,  S.  H 

Marshfield 

10 

Page,  A.  F 

Danville 

19 

Page,  R.  S 

Hyde  Park 

44 

Palmer  Roy  W 

Middlebury  .. 

10 

11 

Parker,  F.  L 

White  River  Junction 

7 

20 

Parsons,  H.  A 

Stowe 

14 

Patch,  C.  B 

Hartland 

31 

Perry,  A.  C ' 

Stov/e 

17 

Pettengill,  Don : 

Lowell 

11 

Pierce,  F.  E 

Worcester 

17 

Phelps.  G.  W 

West  Hartford 

11 

Pike,  Perley  A 

Hardwick 

14 

Pike,  S.  C 

M ontpelier  . 

8 

30 

Polaski,  S.  A 

Stowe  . . 

3 

2 

Poor,  Fred  L 

W illiamstown 

25 

Poor,  Mark 

Stowe 

32 

Porter,  M.  A 

South  Royalton. . . . 

22 

Pronto,  G.  H 

Lowell ! 

| 

22 

94  Department  Circular  lk3,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture. 


JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred.  Grade. 

Vermont— continued. 

Rash,  I.  E 

7 

7 

1 A. 

Revoir,  George 

Orleans 

39 

Richardson,  F.  L 

Randolph  Center. . . 

41 

Riford,E 

! 5* 

i iq 

Riley,  'William 

Franklin 

7 

JL» 

Roberts,  A.  R 

West  Hartford 

4 

01 

11 

Robinson,  E.  G 

Stowe 

13 

Robinson,  I.  G 

2 

41 

Rowe,  E.  L 

38 

Ruggles  Bros 

25 

41 

Rumney,  G.  H 

3 

24 

Sanborn,  W.  E 

Barre" 

23 

Savage,  Joseph 

18 

Savory,  L.  Gf 

Williamstown 

14 

Seymour,  P.  F 

Randolph  Center 

14 

Sinclair,  W.  E 

29 

Small,  Fred  M 

51 

Smith,  E.  W.,  & Son 

54 

10 

Smith,  H.  L 

3 

36 

Snow,  E.  W 

36 

Spaulding,  D.  G 

Taftsville 

g 

12 

Spaulding,  Mary  Bates 

Proctorsville 

27 

Sprague,  Andrew 

2 

40 

Sprague,  H.  D 

Pittsford 

29 

St.  Amand,  A 

19 

Stanhope,  G.  S 

Isle  La  Motte 

6 

14 

Stafford,  C.  H.  A 

38 

Stafford,  Guy  C 

do.... 

12 

Stetson,  L.  G 

West  Hartford 

3 

1 

St.  Peter,  Edward 

Williamstown.. 

54 

2 

Stoddard,  A.  M 

Randolph  Center. . . 

14 

Stoddard,  M.  W 

do.„. 

28 

Stone,  C.  C 

26 

Stone,  E.  A 

W illiamstown. 

54 

2 

Story,  C.  J 

Morrisville 

2 

17 

Sweeden,  C.  J. 

Vergennes 

30 

Sweet,  A.  P 

Lowell 

2 

6 

Tacey,  Charles 

R arre . 

15 

Talbot  & Call 

Stowe. . . 

3 

22 

Temple,  A.  H 

Montpelier 

19 

Terrill,  G.  E 

Morrisville 

6 

36 

Theriault,  D.  V 

W illiamstown 

26 

Thompson,  C.  L 

Plainfield 

37 

Thresher,  Ray, 

Chelsea 

21 

Tillotson,  Homer 

Lowell 

18 

Towle,  Harrison  W 

Enosburg  Falls 

25 

21 

Towle,  S.  C 

45 

Trask,  E.  J. 

Randolph  Center... 

19 

Trow,  F.  N 

Barre  

3 

25 

University  of  Vermont 

Burlington 

5 

37 

Vail,  Solon 

South  Royalton  . . 

30 

Valiquet,P.  W 

Enosburg  Falls 

2/6 

Vanesse,Ovila 

Stowe 

2 

35 

Vermont  Marble  Co.,  Wilkins  Farm 

Proctor 1 

80 

Villeneuve  Bros 

Coventry I 

36 

Vondle,  Peter 

Danville 

13 

Walbridge,  J.  H.,  <fc  Son 

W illiamstown. 

2 ; 

15 

Warner  Bros 

Lowell  

24 

Warner,  R.  N 

Vergennes 

22 

Waterman,  C.  W 

White  River  Junction 

2 

8 

Waterman,  George  A 

Royalton 

19 

1 

Watson,  Alfred  E 

Hartford 1 

5 

3 

Watts,  C.  W 

Stowe 

11 

Wheatley,  M.S 

Randolph  Center 

19 

Wheeler,  Frank  H 

Proctorsville j 

8 

Wheeler,  M.P 

W orcester. 

10 

White, A.  P 

Brookfield j 

27 

Whitney,  C.  F 

Hardwick • 

14 

Wilcox,  R.S  

"Rrookfinld  1 

22 

Wilder,  Allen  D 

Franklin  . . 

31 

Wilder,  B.  E.,  upper  farm 

Enosburg  Falls 

34 

Willey,  F.A 

Irasburg  ] 

15 

Williams,  J.H 

Randolph j 

19 

Wood  W.  L 

W eat  Rnrke. . j 

23 

Woodward,  L.  D 

Richford 

6 

27 

Woodward  & Nichols 

Enosburg  Falls | 

48 

31 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  95 


JERSEY— Continued . 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Purebred.  I Grade. 


yermont— continued. 


Wool,  Ralph  J 

Wright,  C.  O 

Wright,  Seaver  D 

Young,  E.  M 

Young,  George  C. 


Essex  Junction 

Franklin 

White  River  Junction. 

Chelsea 

Morris  ville 


17 

4 

26 

2 


11 

30 

1 

17 

15 


VIRGINIA. 


Anderson,  D.  P.. 

Beard,  S.  C 

Beazley,  E.  S 

Bowman,  A.  M. . 
Bradshaw  ,W.  M. 
Buchanan,  J.  J. . 

Burns,  W.  B 

Buston,  J.  G 

Chesbro,  J.  M 

Clapp,  H.  M 

Clark,  W.  H 

Cox,  D.  B 

Cullen,  D.  C 

Dodson,  Frank . . . 

Ellis,  A.  C 

Frederick,  D . F . . 

Gordon,  R.  O 

Harris,  J.  L 

Harrison,  Wm.  O 
Hilldrup,  E.  T. . . 

Hilly ard,  E.  I 

Holmes,  E.  S 


Danville 

Emory 

Somerset 

Salem 

Franklin 

Hampton 

Williamsburg. . 

Tazewell 

Claremont 

Hampton 

Meadow  View.. 

Ashland 

Midland 

Bealeton 

Lyndhurst 

Waterlick 

Leavells 

Hampton 

Charlottesville. 

Fredericksburg. 

Forest  viile  

Leesburg 


4 

3 

40 


6 

1 


i 


14 

1 


35 

10 

15 
74 

6 

12 

29 

24 

12 

16 
16 
17 
14 
11 
10 
12 

5 

40 


Lucerne  Dairy  Farm 

Owen,  C.  T 

Pancoast,  H.  T 

Ritter,  O.  B 

St.  Clair,  D.  A 

St.  Edith  Academy.. 

Sanford,  Wallace 

Schrock,  S.  D 

Smucker,  D.  M 

Snodgrass  Bros 

Stone,  A.  D 

Storey,  J.  T.,  & Bro. 

Tench,  T.  K 

Thonesen,  C.  M 

Tiller,  W.  C 

Utgard,  M.  H 

Vandervies,  A.  J 

Wade,  G.  W 

Weam,  L.  R 

Weeks,  S.  H 

Willis,  J.  M.,jr 

Wilson,  Jas.  A 

Wolfe,  D.  L 

Wolfe,  P.  E 

Wolfe,  W.  M 

Yager,  Henry 

Yoder,  J.  H 


Ashbum... | 

Winchester l i 

Purcell  ville | 

Middletown 

Wytheville 2 

Bristow 

Madison  Run 4 

Princess  Anne 

Oysterpoint 

Ivodi 

Bealeton 

Ruekersville 

Lyndhurst 

Lightfoot 

Richmond 

Spring  Grove 7 

Oakton 

Franklin 

Catlett 

Remington 

Hampton 1 

Lyndhurst 

Lodi • 

Glade  Spring 

do l 

Somerset 4 

Denbigh 


WASHINGTON. 


Adolphsen,  A 

Anderson,  F.  C 

Angle,  George  N 

Baldwin,  L.  M 

Brannick,  N.  S 

Burch,  D.  W 

Callery,  M.  B 

Cole,  Carl  F 

Cosner  & Huddleson. 

Crabtree,  B.  C 

Crawford,  R.  E 

Curtis,  Virgie 

Elliott,  W.  J 

Fitch,  J.  B . 


Chehalis 

Richland 

White  Bluffs. 

Colbert 

White  Bluffs. 

do... 

Colbert 

Hillyard 

Colville 

Lynden 

Colbert 

Centralia 

Colbert 

Walla  Walla. 
Chimacum... 


12 

7 


14 


35 


52 

4 

13 

24 
15 

25 

29 
11 
12 

17 
15 

18 
21 
11 
19 
11 
10 

30 
33 

14 
12 
13 
12 
10 
11 
62 
12 


15 


11 

10 

11 

17 

11 

16 

34 


14 

14 

23 

21 

75 


96  Department  Circular  U3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  ©nee 
out  re; 

Purebred. 

tested  with- 
aetors. 

Grade. 

Washington — continued. 

Haile,  J.  E 

Colbert 

IQ 

Harrison,  B.  E 

East  Sound 

Iff 

la 

Hess,  G.  C 

Walla  Walla 

to 

Hewitt,  F 

Hillyard 

lo 

on 

Hudleson,  W.  M 

Colville 

ZU 

10 

11 

La  Point,  Ernest  H 

Cheney 

Leigh,  E 

11 

ii 

McCullum,  C.  E 

11 

14. 

McGilvary,  C.  R 

Walla  Walla 

li 

94 

Miller,  J.  L 

7 

Morton,  J.  R 

5 

1 A. 

Plaquet,  0 C 

Walla  Walla 

It 

16 

Pool,  S.  0 

Wenatchee 

13 

Powers,  B.  W.,  & Sons 

Palouse 

36 

Rogers,  Dew ev 

Spokane 

I4* 

Rogers,  John 

Cheney 

±<> 

10 

Sinclair,  John  T 

Chehalis 

16 

S keels,  H.  T.,  Sons 

Addy 

21 

Skeels,  Robert  L 

7 

Smith,  0.  D 

Colbert 

16 

Sorenson,  N.  C 

Onalaska 

15 

Spence,  William  C 

Cheney 

IQ 

Tanner,  R.  I 

Sumas~ 

25 

is* 

Travaille,  C 

Walla  Walla 

18 

Waikiki  Farm 

Spokane 

12 

Washington  State  College 

Pullman 

18 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Allen,  Mrs.  Ada  V 

West  xllexander,  Pa 

18 

Anderson,  B.  D 

do 

14 

Argabrite,  Rose 

Lewisburg 

18 

Atkins,  Baines 

Guthrie 

15 

Atkinson  Bros 

W est  Alexander,  Pa 

6 

31 

Baird,  W.  C 

Elm  Grove 

12 

Baird,  J.  W 

do 

10 

Bailey,  J.  J 

Huntington 

16 

Bates,  J.  L 

do 

13 

Bell,  N.  J 

Triadelphia 

10 

Bias,  Theodore 

Huntington 

31 

Bicar,  P.  J 

do 

16 

Black,  S.  P 

Apple  Grove. . . . . 

1 

53 

Bland,  J.  E 

Huntington 

10 

Blatt,  A.  M 

. . .do 

2 

11 

Bonar,  J.  P 

West  Alexander,  Pa 

6 

10 

Botkins,  W.  H 

Charleston,  R.  R 

16 

Bowman,  G.  A 

Short  Creek 

22 

Brooke,  F.  S 

Huntington 

13 

Bruner  & Son,  Chas 

W est  Alexander,  Pa 

27 

Bullard,  A.  H 

Triadelphia 

1 

12 

Chapman,  W.  E 

Huntington 

14 

Childers,  R.  S 

Charleston,  R.  2 

12 

Clendennin,  V/.  C 

West  Alexander,  Pa 

1 

24 

Coffield,  D.  W 

11 

7 

Connell,  Norwell 

Charleston,  R.  R 

9 

11 

Cox,  H.  H 

Hnntinvtnn 

21 

Criswell,  W.  L 

Fulton 

16 

Davis,  W.  E 

West,  Alexander.  Pa 

21 

Ditto,  William  0 

Falling  Waters 

2 

4 

Donnally,  G.  W 

Charleston,  R.  R 

10 

Dixon,  Lee 

West  Liberty 

16 

Fisher,  C.  B 

Elm  Grove 

11 

Fisher,  L.  E 

21 

Frantz,  L.  W 

Huntington,  R.  R 

12 

Gamble,  W.  W 

Sherrard 

17 

Garland,  Daniel  R 

2336  Ninth  Avenue,  Huntington  . 

18 

Garrison,  A . R 

West  Alexander,  Pa.,  R.  R 

13 

12 

Garrison,  T.  P 

1 

30 

Garvin,  D.  M 

Wheeling,  R.  2 . 

33 

Gibson,  F.  M 

Triadelphia 

5 

13 

Giffin,  W.  A 

do. . . 

2 

10 

Giffin,  J.  II 

do 

1 

11 

Gould,  Worth 

Buckhannon,  R.  R 

11 

Grishaber  Bros 

Charleston,  R.  2 . 

i 

25 

Handley,  J.  A 

Lewisburg 

25 

Horner,  L.  V 

Morgantown,  R.  6 

12 

13 

Hartlieb,  Lewis 

West  Alexander.  Pa 

31 

Tuberculosis  Eradication  under  the  Accredited-Herd  Plan.  97 


JERSEY— Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 


Name. 

Address. 

Purebred. 

Grade. 

WEST  VIRGINIA— continued. 

14 

1 

37 

12 

10 

12 

1 

17 

Keck,  Clias 

16 

2 

16 

11 

12 

Huntington,  R.  2 

18 

Leach,  S.  E 

16 

8 

10 

11 

McMillan,  Carl 

H 

McWoodrum,  M.  C 

1 

12 

Main.  W.  S 

! 

12 

Malcolm,  M.  K 

! 

17 

15 

17 

23 

Mull,  J.  L r. 

32 

Myers,  C.  E 



20 

17 

15 

18 

5 

Orr,  C.  P 

11 

Orr,  J.  M 

Triadelphia,  R.  1 

11 

Phillips,  Tracy 

'Rnp'lrha.rmrm  _ 

4 

Powell,  W.  E 

Triadelphia  _ 

13 

Reick,  Carl 

Wheeling,  R.  R 

12 

Riling,  0 . H 

Charleston,  R.  R 

25 

Rogers,  Mrs.  M.  J 

West  Alexander,  Pa 

3 

16 

Schentzner,  August 

West  Alexander,  Pa.,  R.  R 

1 

8 

Scheilbelhood,  B.  B 

Huntington,  R.3 

7 

4 

Shafer,  C.  N 

Wheeling-  Glenwood 

3 

14 

Shafer,  Henry 

Elm  Grove 

10 

Simpson,  Joseph 

Triadelphia 

14 

Simpson,  S.  F.,  & Son 

Wheeling,  R.2 

1 

21 

Sims,  C.  C 

Lewisburg t 

17 

Rims  0.  T 

Rhrvrt  Creelr  _ _ . 

6 

3 

Smith,  J.  E 

Wheeling-  Glenwood 

24 

Sonda,  Chas 

West.  Liberty __ 

4 

17 

Sperow,  J.  Holland 

TTedge-sville 

9 

6 

Steenberger,  P.  H 

Point  Pleasant 

! 

17 

Stinger,  J.  J 

Short  Creek 

17 

Straub,  Geo 

West  Alexander,  Pa.,  R.  4 - .. 

14 

Stribbling,  M.  W 

Mercers  Bottom 

14 

Sullivan,  W.  E 

Charleston,  R.3 

10 

Supler,  E.  W 

Triadelphia,  R.l 

17 

Taylor,  H.  R 

Huntington,  R.  R 

10 

Mineral  Wells 

5 

2 

Tuttfer  & Ruch 

Wheeling,  R.l 

12 

Waddell,  Williams 

Short  Creek 

19 

WTiite,  Mrs.  Mary 

Wheeling,  R.2 

13 

Williams,  P.  B 

Triadelphia 

12 

Williams,  Lester  & John 

West  Alexander,  Pa.,  R.  R 

1 

45 

Zeidler,  Henry 

Short  Creek 

19 

WISCONSIN. 

Amberg,  Jacob,  & Son 

Hillsboro 

30 

Armour,  W.  H.  & Son 

Mondovi 

9 

31 

Bromley,  Ed.,  & Sons 

Elkhorn 

25 

11 

Buchanan,  Hugh 

Viroqua 

46 

5 

Curran,  Frank  P 

Taylor 

24 

16 

Davidson,  Jens 

Westby 

21 

Dillon,  Jas.,  & Son 

Mondovi 

12 

24 

Fawcett,  Louis 

Stanley 

20 

Ferguson,  L.  L 

Grand  Rapids. 

10 

14 

Follstad,  Carl 

Elcho 

7 

5 

Frihart,  H.  C 

Weyauwega. ...... 

17 

8 

Gillett,  Harry  T.I 

Ant.ign 

2 

8 

Guen timer,  Harry 

17 

Haeuser,  Edw.  A 

Fountain  City 

2 

22 

12650°— 20 7 


98  Department  Circular  ik3,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

JERSEY — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested  with- 
out reactors. 

Purebred,  j Grade. 

Wisconsin— continued. 

Hamlyn,  W 

16 

Holt,  Henry,  & Son 

24 

lO 

14. 

Houser,  W . L 

7 

xrk 

g 

Hunt,  Geo 

i 

1 7 

Kelly'  Arthur 

22 

i 

Knudson.  Math 

17 

X 

29 

Krippener,  G.  M 

lo 

3 

Larigworthy,  Fred  F 

11 

4 

Lamb,  W.  A 

17 

30 

Lensing,  August 

Deer  brook 

15 

Mayher,  J.  A.,  & Son 

Grand  Rapids 

15 

2 

Matthys,  Albert 

Barron 

12 

Matthys,  Walter  N 

11 

7 

Noonan,  Jas 

Mauston 

9 

20 

Oertel,  A.  R 

Royalton 

31 

Ofstedahl,  Walter 

Holmen 

2 

50 

Olson,  Chris.  & Sons 

Grand  Rapids 

6 

2 

Oppedal,  R.  G 

Antigo 

8 

10 

Pattison,  Francis 

Durand 

7 

22 

Rasmussen,  Chas 

W eyauwega 

8 

15 

Richter  Bros 

West  Bend 

21 

Rocheleau,  W.  B 

Grand  Rapids 

9 

g 

Rockwell,  F.  A.,  & Son 

Mondovi 

5 

13 

Rodgers,  Wm.  C 

Baraboo 

16 

g 

Schotte,  Chas 

Antigo 

6 

21 

Schroeter,  Gustave 

Grafton 

2 

13 

Seyforth,  F.  J.,  & Son 

Mondovi 

27 

17 

Smiley,  J.  P 

Orfordville 

33 

Staflin,  Melvin 

Coon  Valley 

46 

Taylor,  Mrs.  S.  G 

Mauston 

20 

i 

Wagstaff,  W.  J : 

Oshkosh 

31 

Do 1 

24 

Warmington,  P.  G i 

Honey  Creek  . 

37 

1 

Wells,  L.  A i 

Mauston 

19 

1 

Whitney,  A.  R 

Elderon 

15 

Wilms,  W.  H 1 

Neenah 

8 

21 

Total  (Jersey,  United  States) ! 

17,454 

45,166 

O 


TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION  UNDER 
THE  ACCREDITED-HERD  PLAN 


SUPPLEMENT  2 TO 
HERD  LIST  NO.  3 


LIST  OF  ABERDEEN  ANGUS,  BROWN  SWISS,  DEVON, 
DUTCH  BELTED,  GALLOWAY,  HEREFORD,  RED 
POLLED,  AND  SHORTHORN  HERDS  WHICH  HAVE 
PASSED  ONE  OFFICIAL  TUBERCULIN  TEST  WITH 
A VIEW  TO  BEING  ACCREDITED 


J.  A.  KIERNAN,  Chief 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  144 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry 
JOHN  R.  MOHLER,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C.  Revised  to  June  30,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1820 


CONTROL  with  a view  to  the  eventual  eradication  of 
tuberculosis  in  cattle  is  being  accomplished  by  sys- 
tematic efforts  of  Federal  and  State  authorities  in 
cooperation  with  cattle  breeders’  associations  and  herd 
owners. 

A plan  was  adopted  in  1917  whereby  herds  of  cattle 
passing  the  prescribed  number  of  official  tuberculin  tests 
should  be  certified  or  accredited  as  free  from  tuberculosis. 

An  accredited  herd  is  one  that  has  successfully  passed 
two  annual  or  three  semiannual  tuberculin  tests  applied 
by  regularly  employed  veterinary  inspectors  of  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  or  of  the  State  where  cooperative  work 
is  conducted,  and  has  otherwise  complied  with  the  regu- 
lations governing  the  work. 

The  following  list  shows  herds  that  have  passed  success- 
fully one  test,  without  reactors,  with  a view  to  certification. 
If  the  status  of  any  of  the  herds  on  this  list  is  changed, 
prompt  notice  of  the  fact  will  be  furnished  to  the  officials 
of  the  various  States. 


TUBERCULOSIS  ERADICATION  UNDER  THE  ACCREDITED-HERD  PLAN. 


SUPPLEMENT  2 TO  HERD  LIST  NO.  3. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

-Aberdeen  Angus .. 3 

Brown  Swiss. 7' 

Devon 8* 

Dutch  Belted. 8 

Galloway . 8 

Hereford 8 

Polled  Hereford 15 

Red  Polled1 16 

Shorthorn 19 

Milking  Shorthorn 48- 

Polled  Shorthornt. 49 


Note. — Eor  a list  of  accredited  herds  of  all  breeds  and  of  once-tested  herds  of  breeds  other  than  those 
listed  here,,  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 


LIST  OF  ONCE-TESTED  HERDS  OF  NOT  LESS  THAN  5 PUREBRED  OR 
10  GRADE  CATTLE,  SHOWING  OWNERS,  BREEDS,  AND  STATES  IN 
WHICH  LOCATED. 


ABERDEEN  ANGUS. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

ARKANSAS. 

Trustee,  A.  H.  Endowment 

Jonesboro 

23 

Crockett  & Sons,  W.  L 

Piggott . 

2 

1 4 

Kosky  & Sons,  J.  P 

7' 

JL  JL  - 

6 

Tilley,  W.  P 

Prairie  Grove 

11 

University  of  Arkansas 

Fayetteville 

3 

FLORIDA. 

J.  J.  Logan;. 

Dinsmore 

11 

. 154 

ILLINOIS. 

Barton,  F.  C . 

Cornell; 

3 

20 

Barton,  Frank  D 

13  : 

13 

INDIANA. 

Brown,  C.  S 

Newcastle..  - 

17; 

Q 

Carpenter,  0>  O 

14 

O : 

Cecil  & Sons.  A.  S 

Muncie 

62 

1 ft 

Dyer,  Ernest 

New  Goshen 

g 

lo 

1 

Fink,  Walter 

Mount  Comfort 

18 

1 

9 

Fleming,  Wm.  W 

Remington. . 

11 

A 

0 

Forgy  & Lewis .. . . 

Roval  Center. . 

Grav,  Edward  Y 

Goodland 

ll 

Ora 

McCafferty?  A.  J 

Miami ...  . 

15 

U- 

7 

McClure  Sisters 

Vincennes 

13 

IQ 

Miller,  Mark  E 

Peru 

30 

AO 

A 

Niederhaus,  Fred 

Staser 

22 

4 

J. 

Ehares,  W.  A 

Tipton 

41’ 

in 

Reberger,  George 

Brazil. 

0 

1U 

A 

Runyan,  C.  A 

Peru 

1 A. 

Suhling,  J.  A 

Princeton  ■ 

JLvt ! 

0 

VI 

1 O 

Thompson,  H;  A 

Cortland 

0 

25 

177 

4 


Department  Circular  1U,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located—  Continued. 

ABERDEEN  ANGUS— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

IOWA. 

Dallner,  F.  S 

19 

IT 

Finer,  A.  A 

1 

13 

Iowa  State  College 

Ames " 

19 

Miles,  Sayer  J 

Newton 

47 

Sunderman , Alvin 

Clarinda 

16 

Tudor,  J.  M.  & Son 

H 

White,  J.  C.  Bros 

7 

3 

KANSAS. 

Bushong,  G.  A 

34 

24 

Dietrich,  Geo.  A 

26 

2 

Klein , J . J 

Reece 

20 

3 

McAdams,  G.  M 

18 

5 

Roach,  J.  N 

11 

Wingert,  Samuel 

H 

18 

Wilcox  Estate,  A.  D 

94 

16 

KENTUCKY. 

Allen , Harvey  J 

33 

2 

Barrett,  0.  F“ 

15 

19 

Burdette,  S.  N 

18 

4 

Carson,  E.  V 

8 

3 

Flarity.  M.  I 

32 

11 

Marvin,  C.  E 

20 

5 

LOUISIANA. 

Natalhany  Lumber  Co 

Natalbany . . 

229 

MAINE. 

Allen.  E.  L 

Bangor,  R.  8 

8 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Burnham,  F.  W 

Greenfield . - 

24 

MINNESOTA. 

Abraham  son , P 

Lanesboro 

58 

2 

Benesh,  Frank 

Glenville,  R.  4 

9 

Bolstad,  Henry 

Dawson 

13 

Bolstad,  Joseph 

3 

2 

Bone,  T.  A 

Beardsley 

30 

2 

Boyce,  W.  I 

Fairmont 

3 

26 

Chamberlain  Bros 

Hastings 

12 

20 

Chamberlain , E . H 

do 

Greenwalt,  James 

Withrow 

7 

9 

Gustafson , Adolnh 

Solway 

21 

Hansen , James  F 

Canby 

35 

3 

Lind,  Albert  F 

Bertha 

21 

2 

Milne,  Geo.  H.  & Son 

Preston 

31 

67 

Ostrem  Bros 

Lanesboro,  R.  1 

6 

25 

Petts,  John  S 

Truman,  R.  2 

12 

7 

Skotterud,  Peter  0 

Dawson  

15 

9 

Taylor,  T.  A 

Dundas 

19 

7 

Ulvestad,  Peter  J 

WTiaJan 

30 

8 

Zimmerman , J.  W 

Racine _ 

2 

18 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Aldrich,  J.  M.  & Son 

Michigan  Citv 

81 

49 

Dockerv,  C.  P 

Hernando,  R.  1 . . . 

26 

62 

Miers,  W.  M 

Grenada ...  - 

3 

24 

Tippah  Farms 

Cotton  Plant 

77 

4 

MISSOURI. 

Coffman,  Pleas 

Savannah 

12 

16 

Dickinson,  M.  U.  & Son 

Carrollton 

78 

2 

Eubank,  J.  R 

Huntsville _ _ 

3 

12 

Great  Western  Land  Co 

Poplar  Bluff 

33 

3 

Holt,  W.  A 

Savannah . . . 

49 

2 

Jones,  J.  M 

Everton 

35 

10 

Kinder,  J.  G 

Cuba 

29 

6 

Miller,  Wash 

Oak  Ridge 

18 

8 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List.  5 

List  of  once-testcd  herds  of  not  less  than  5 'purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners , 
bretds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

ABERDEEN  ANGIS — Continued. 


Name. 

• 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Montgomery,  C.  L 

Missouri— continued. 
Smithton  . . . 

33 

18 

4 
14 
14 

7 

7 

9 

73 

5 

Nease,  M.  L 

Patton,  George  R 

Marshfield 

Huntsville.. 

20 

3 

1 

. 22 

.!  17 

28 

33 

49 

5 

24 

15 

31 

14 

21 

7 

14 

Ponder,  Chas.  A 

Biehle 

Standley,  S.  P 

N orb  or  ne 

Turner,  J.  S 

Fairfax 

Youel,  J.  N.  M 

Tarkio . . . 

Sun  River  Stock  and  Land  Co 

MONTANA. 

Helena •. 

Varco  & Hart 

Sidney 

Weeks,  W.  F 

NEBRASKA. 

I Palmer . . 

University  of  Nevada,  Animal  Husbandry 
Department 

NEVADA. 

J Reno 

Eckhardt,  C.  W 

NEW  YORK. 

3 

3 

17 

2 

2 

7 

10 

1 

30 

17 

9 

Armstrong,  C.  B 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Gastonia 

French,  A.  L. , & Son 

Draper 

Johnson,  Rufus 

Char  loti  e 

Klutz,  Geo.  Y 

Rockwell 

Love,  J.  J 

Newton . . 

Morrison , J.  G 

Stanley . 

Ramseur,  W.  D 

Bessemer  City- 

Sanford  & Rich 

Mocksville. . ...  . 

• 4 

Weaver,  W.  T 

Asheville 

Aaker,  C.  E 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Hatton 

1 

16 

19 

1 

14 
10 
26 
81 

7 
21 
65 

15 
1 

8 
10 
11 
12 

8 

1 

3 
7 
6 
9 

27 
30 
32 

104 

4 

19 

28 

Acton,  Wilber  C 

Arvilla 

Berg  & Haagensen 

Cummings 

Bye,  Casper 

Crary 

11 

Divon,  H.  W 

Tioga 

Dodson,  W.  R 

Grand  Forks 

Finch,  Charlie 

La  Moure 

Hartley  Stock  Farm 

Page 

14 

6 

11 

2 

10 

20 

Hofstrand,  Martin 

Brinsmade 

Hogensen,  Dr 

Hillsboro 

Johnson,  Livv 

Cogswell. . . 

Johnson  & Teal 

Oakes. 

Montgomery,  T.  C 

Harvev 

Mullen , M.  J 

For  tun  a 

Neverman,  Carl 

La  Moure 

5 

Orgard,  John 

Yucca 

Perry,  Clinton  M 

Nome 

23 

4 

25 

13 
9 

14 
12 

2 

10 

5 
16 

3 

6 
2 

Peterson,  Nels 

Hankinson 

Pulley,  Jesse 

Flasher 

Rommie,  John 

Bowbells 

Stack,  Henry 

Hankinson 

Sterner,  M.  W 

Walcott  . 

Wolf  Bros 

Colfax . 

Barnett,  John  C 

OHIO. 

Urbana 

Brown,  H.  M 

Hillsboro 

Ferguson,  Walter 

Xenia 

Jones  & Son,  A.  W 

Larue 

Rohrer,  Harvey  K . 

North  Lima 

Sanders  & Son,  E.  E 

Leesburg 

Satterfield,  W.  C 

West  Union 

6 


Department  Circular  1H,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  Less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners, 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

ABERDEEN  ANGUS — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

OKLAHOMA. 

A.  & M.  College 

Stillwater 

13 

7 

68 

«• 

Blandford,  H.  E 

45 

31 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Hyde,  T.  E 

14r 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Bates,  W.  W 

6 

Calvert,  W.  A 

15- 

Taylor,  I.  B 

G 

10 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Cassels,  H.  W 

23 

Soladay,  Annie  L 

4 

18 

TENNESSEE. 

Alexander,  X.  E 

Lenoir  City 

18- 

15 

Bowman,  Jno.  F 

Cleveland 

46 

10 

Brewer  & Bradley 

Sweetwater 

2 

26 

Clark,  Howard 

Morristown 

16 

2 

Drake,  G.  W 

Orlinda 

16 

• 6 

Hampton,  E • L 

Nashville 

24 

5 

Huggins,  Dr.  J.  I 

Dandridge 

43 

14 

Lea,  Col.  Luke 

Nashville  

34 

1 

Miller,  Dr.  W.  R : 

Brownsville 

20 

Noe,  W.  R . 

Morristown 

24- 

4r 

Ridley,  W.  P. 

Columbia-. . . . 

7 

7 - 

Sams,  J.  W 

White  Pine . . 

■ 

g 

9- 

Shaw,  J.  W 

Edgoten,  Ky  . 

13 

22 

Sutherland,  R.  W.  &.J.  E 

Mountain  City 

43 

in 

Todd,  A.  L 

Murfreesboro. 

37 

7 

Trobauch  & Hopper 

Tate. 

15 

2 

VIRGINIA. 

Bell,  J.  R.  K 

Pulaski 

36 

Clark  Bros. 

Lodi . . 

8- 

12 

Crockett,  J;  N 

W y theville  . . 

13 

4 

Luttrell,  H.  M 

Delaplane 

14 

8- 

Moore,  W.  B 

W ytheville 

11 

Ruffi,  S.  T 

Tliaxton . . 

9 

13 

W arden,  Henry 

Fredericksburg . 

40 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Handley,  T.  A 

Lewisburg. 

19 

Hoffman,  Dr.  M.  G 

Bunker  Hill 

26 

Karickhoff,  Jas.  L 

B uckhannon  - 

1 

14 

WISCONSIN. 

Ganz,  E.  F.,  & Son 

Alma. 

36 

3 

Gelbach,  W.  L.,  & Son 

Lancaster 

48 

L. 

Larson,  J.  T 

Ellsworth 

131 

Roser,  L.  CL 

Barabod 

4-j 

6 

Total,  (Aberdeen  Angus,  United 

States) A 

3,259  ! 

2,007' 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List.  7 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 ‘purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  wh,ch  located — Continued. 


BROWN  SWISS. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

| 

Grade. 

ILLINOIS. 

Bachman,  A.  D 

3 

2 

Bennehoff,  Claire  R 

3 

16 

Burrows,  Chas 

6 

1 

Eigsti,  Jacob 

Faust,  Emil 

Cullom 

11 

1 

Gerber,  Peter. 

9 

3 

Heiser,  R.  A 

2 

Merchanthaler,  Joseph 

6 

Montgomery,  A T 

13 

4 

Moore,  Jesse  C 

17 

Moser,  S 

12 

4 

Naffziger,  Oscar 

4 

4 

Naffziger,  W.  E 

4 

4 

Plattner,  David 

12 

Sauder,  Wm 

6 

1 

Schoenbein,  E i 

4 

1 

Schrock,  Edward 

(} 

Wagner,  D.  A 

BrimfLeld 

9 

■IOWA. 

Doran,  E.  D 

36 

4 

Funnemark,  Olaf 

1 

13 

Hefty,  S.  B.,  & Son 

32 

11 

Willman,  A.  W.,  & Son 

34 

3 

KANSAS. 

Snow,  Edwin  P 

St.  Paul .... 

11 

MICHIGAN. 

English,  A.  G 

New  Troy 

7 

8 

Krauss,  Erwin  H 

Sebewaimg-. . . . 

10- 

MINNESOTA. 

Brunold,  John. 

Rochester-. 

23 

17 

Buol,  Peter 

Wabasha..., 

9 

11 

Lang,  Fred 

St.  Peter 

1 

21 

Matthews,  August 

Glencoe . 

16 

Matthews,  Henry 

17 

Minette,  F.  P.,  & Son 

Sauk  Center. . . 

29 

Neusch wander,  C.  F.,  & Son 

Redwood  Falls. . 

14 

Neuschwander,  Chas 

25 

NOETH  DAKOTA. 

Estensen,  J.  C 

Hickson 

23; 

V 

OHIO. 

Hull  Bros 

Painesville 

. 49 

VEEMONT. 

Morrison,  F.  W 

Saxtons  River 

34 

G 

WASHINGTON. 

Phelps,  0.  0 

Dryad: 

5 

WISCONSIN. 

Aitken,  R.  H 

Westhoro 

0 

13 

Ayers,  H.  W 

Honey  Creek 

30 

Boody,  A.  C 

Hudson. 

28 

Burrow,  C.  W 

Beloit  . . 

5 1 

g 

Cooper,  John 

Clinton- 

38  1 

2 

Ehrlinger,  Wm 

Hanover. . 

8 

15 

Elmer  Bros.  . . 

Monroe 

26 

4 

Fraser,  David 

Honey  Creek. . . 

15 

Hibbard  & Stoneman 

Syene 

16 

14 

Salisbury,  Mrs.  E.  L 

Minong 

21 

Schmid,  N.  C 

Monroe 

28 

14 

Skinner,  B.  E 

Beloit  . 

21 

l 

Total  (Brown  Swiss,  United  States  Lj 

673 

301 

8 


Department  Circular  lbk,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

DEVON. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Case,  J.  A 

MISSOURI. 

Concordia 

50 

32 

Marshall,  E.  H 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Hanover 

Dodge,  H.  J 

VERMONT. 

East  Burke 

25 

Total  (Devon.  United  Stales'). 

82 

25 

I 

DUTCH  BELTED. 


Waldrip,  W.  G..  . 

ARKANSAS. 

11 

14 

175 

Dupuis,  Dr.  J.  G 

Lemon  City 
Lebanon . . . 

FLORIDA. 

Sanford,  W.  J 

INDIANA. 

9 

Kirby,  E.  J 

Covert 

MICHIGAN. 

15 

4 

Miller  Bros 

Bliss.  .. 

OKLAHOMA. 

13 

. Total  (Dutch  Belted.  United  States'). 

48 

268 

i 

GALLOWAY. 


Hill.  J.  M 

KANSAS. 

Sedgwick 

19 

Reilly,  John 

Emmett 

61 

7 

Greene.  E.  E 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Fullerton 

20 

6 

Skeels,  L 

Regan 

10 

59 

Trygg  Bros.. 

Baldwin 

10 

Cassels,  H.  W 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Groton 

56 

Collier,  W.  W 

Andover 

3 

15 

Total  (Galloway,  United  States') 

123 

143 

HEREFORD. 

Allen,  B.  M 

ALABAMA. 
Allenville 

50 

288 

Cotton,  F.  W 

Guerrylon 

50 

Fletcher,  Mrs.  John 

Opelika 

1 

34 

Gammasre,  C.  M. . 

Eufaula 

7 

12 

Legg,  Henderson 

Athens 

5 

5 

Magnolia  Farms 

Muscogee,  Fla 

2 

101 

Swallows,  W.  C 

G allion 

24 

4 

Trustee,  A.  11.  Endowment 

ARKANSAS. 

Jonesboro 

21 

Blaeksliare,  C.  E 

Piggott 

5 

Crossett  Cattle  Co 

Crossett 

29 

Rose.  R.  C 

Osceola 

15 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


9 


List  oj  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  them  5 purebred  or  10  graae  cuttle,  showing  owners 
breeds,  a?id  States  in  which  located—  Continued. 


HEREFORD — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure-  ! „ . 

bred.  1 Grade- 

Barnes  & Rice 

GEORGIA. 

Dublin.. 

32 

20 

66 

28 

82 

15 

32 

34 
24 
42 
13 
17 
31 
20 

3 
10 

8 

4 
11 

35 

5 

11 
1 *1 

Florence,  W.  L 

Morgan,  T.  W 

Morgan  ville 

State  College  of  Agriculture 

Athens 

Blanchard,  Walter 

IDAHO 

Buhl  . 

7 

5 

Hares,  G.  C 

Churchill 

Paree,  Frank 

Rupert 

Anderson,  A.  A 

ILLINOIS. 

6 

4 

5 
2 

6 
5 
2 
9 
1 
4 
3 
8 

3 

Anderson  & Frazier 

Waterman 

Bane,  Louis 

Barclay,  T.  Dean  . . . 

Macomb .... 

Davies,  Evan 

Sheffield. . . 

Dixson,  Joseph 

Stronghurst 

Heeg,  H.  J 

Hinckley 

Hurdle,  J.  F 

Isley,  R.  A 

Wheeler 

Johnson,  T.  R 

Stronghurst. . 

Louden,  J.  W 

Reedy,  W.  J 

Stronghurst 

Witt,  Fred 

Leland . . 

Addington,  Geo.  E 

INDIANA. 

Ridgeville ... 

Allen,  H.  H 

Carmen  & Son,  Ben 

Ladoga 

Coffman,  Frances  M 

Columbus 

A A 

Fox,  Frank  P 

Oaklandon 

U 1 

204 

7 

121 

22 

5 

18 

78 

9 

12 

82 

29 

23 

16 

106 

16 

35 

40 

21 

45 

11 

14 

15 
29 
67 

1 

18 

1U 

44 

1 

3 

7 
5 
9 

27 

4 
2 

23 

3 

4 
2 

14 

5 

8 

9 

3 

2 

Gudgel,  L.  W 

Oakland  City . 

Hageman,  Fred  0 

Mount  Vernon.  . 

Harper,  Carey  & Eva 

Lizton 

Hollowell,  Birch 

Ridgeville 

Modlin  & Son,  W.  0 

Upland 

Priddy  & Son,  J.  L 

Warren 

Rayburn,  John 

Muncie 

Tuhcy,  Earl 

Van  Natta,  J.  W 

La  Fayette  . 

Van  Voorst,  Gilbert 

Chalmers 

Voliva  Bros 

Bloomington. 

Volker,  J.  W 

Somerville 

V ilkey  & Co.,  Wm.  A 

Sullivan 

Williams,  A.  R 

Yeager  & Montgomery 

Winchester 

Owens  ville 

Adams,  John  D 

IOWA. 

Wellman.. 

Brown.  A.  F 

Jefferson. . 

Clayton  & Burley . . . .' 

Clarinda .... 

Dellinger,  John 

Rockwell  City 

Iowa  State  College 

Ames 

Netolicky,  Anton 

Mount  Vernon 

Olsen,  P.  M 

Newhall 

2 

6 

4 

34 

3 

35 
7 

14 

4 
17 

2 

633 

4 

260 

Olson,  John  P 

Rathje,  Mrs.  Anne, 

Atkins . 

Reber,  Noah 

Wellman 

Rouse,  M.  T 

Thompson 

Shettler,  Henry  J 

Wellman . . . 

14 

Wertz,  C.  A 

Wellman,  R.  3. . 

! 

Bingham,  George 

KANSAS. 

Bradford 

109 

42 

16 

69 

30 

644 

Blythe,  J.  L 

Brotherson,  M.  C 

White  City 

Lindsborg 

Black  & Hurlburt 

Lakeland .... 

Eaton,  Sam 

McPherson 

Greenleaf,  J.  W 1 

Greensburg 

12651°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  iH,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

HEREFORD — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

K ans  as — c on  cinued . 

George,  Frank 

Olivet 

17 

6 

George,  Russell 

12 

11 

Hanna,  Ray  E 

40 

2 

Jones,  E.  S' 

83 

2 

Johnson,  V.  O 

04 

25 

Lillian,  Eh  E 

Hartford 

55 

1 

Lawrence,  F.  A 

5 

2 

Mueller,  W.  C 

38 

104 

Moehle,  J.  W 

9 

4 

Rosander,  C.  G 

38 

24 

Sellberg,  Edwin  J 

33 

11 

Skeen,  J.  A 

33 

7 

Schmidt,  J.  F 

7 

60 

Shobe,  Ralph  R 

7 

6 

Woolf,  H.  M 

42 

4 

Williams,  B.  K 

23 

78 

KENTUCKY. 

Alexander,  L.  P 

Wheatle  v 

19 

Ashbrook,  W.  A 

0 

19 

Brown,  J.  V 

14 

29 

Cecil,  C.  W 

16 

16 

29 

13 

Corbin  Bros 

13 

3 

Doolan,  Esten 

Finchville 

18 

4 

Doolan,  Ernest 

do 

15 

3 

Drane,  H.  H 

Eminence 

14 

4 

Frank,  Ben  T 

Paducah . - 

23 

5 

Gaines,  P.  B 

Carrollton 

21 

1 

George,  J.  E 

Princeton 

£ 

Gibson,  J.  E 

Somerset- 

28 

14 

Giitner  Bros 

Eminence 

123 

14 

Gohlson,  R.L 

Kevil 

6 

22 

Gottbrath,  Frank 

Westport- 

18 

6 

Graddy.W.  Henry 

Versailles 

42 

39 

Graves  Bros 

Morganfield 

8 

8 

Hanger,  H.  B.,  jr 

Richmond 

9 

2 

Henshaw,  Marsh 

Henshaw 

43 

10 

Holt,  B.  B.  & Ed 

Central  City 

10 

28 

Hoover,  Will 

Nicholas ville  . 

55 

7 

Jacobs,  H.  J 

Princeton 

11 

Jacobs,  J.  W 

13 

Knox,  Dr.  A.  T 

Thomson 

35 

5 

Lile  Bros 

Leitchfield  - 

53 

4 

McCabe,  Eugene 

10 

McConnell.  P.  H 

Princeton 

6 

5 

Quarrels,  A.  R 

Hopkinsville 

7 

4 

Railey,  L.  A 

Versailles 

33 

13 

Ramsey,  J.  K 

Madisonville 

8 

12 

Satterfield,  F.  T.  ,Herd  No.  1 

Twin  Springs. . . 

80 

H 

Satterfield,  F.  T.,  Herd  No.  2 

2 

28 

Smith,  R.  M 

La  Grange . . . 

12 

0 

Sputh,  Phelps  & Jackson 

Eminence 

56 

14 

Taylor,  Col.  E.  H.,  jr.,  Hereford  Farm. . . 

Versailles 

309 

78 

Williams,  J.  C 

Madisonville 

12 

6 

MAINE. 

Adams,  Stephen  J 

Cornish 

14 

Bearce,  H.  W 

Hebron 

14 

1 

Cleveland,  E.  L.,  Co 

Houlton 

29 

18 

Durgin,  ^.F... 

West  Buxton 

7 

7 

Fisher,  Harry  N 

Sabattus 

8 

6 

French,  C.  A 

Temple 

7 

3 

Gilpatrick,  Fred  T 

Cornish 

2 

8 

Higgins,  Wellington  S 

Monmouth 

7 

Jones,  Ellston  A 

Sabattus 

8 

1 

Moore,  Ira  H 

Newfield 

11 

1 

Norton,  R.  F 

Kezar  Falls 

4 

o 

Norton,  Rupert  S 

do 

14 

Pingrce,  Pcrley  L 

Denmark 

6 

i& 

Richardson,  L.  F 

N or  way  ... 

u 

Stuart,  Cecil  T 

Cornish 

9 

a 

Thornes,  Robert  S 

Cumberland  Center 

23 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List 


11 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners! 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

HEREFORD — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Coffman,  John  D 

MARYLAND. 

7 
10 

47 

8 
10 
24, 
60 

4 

9 

101 

2 

2 

16 

39 

2 

9 

31 

18 

13 

10 

1 

25 

8 

4 
21 
10 
11 
17 

5 

6 
3 

15 

2 

3 

6 

Funkhouser,  J.  Albert 

Clear  Spring 

Crane,  Z.  Marshall 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Windsor 

Anderson,  Victor 

MINNESOTA. 

Archer,  C.  H.,  & Son 

Bandas,  Martin 

Bangasser,  F 

Barber,  A.  E 

Granite  Falls 

Brown'  C.  E 

32 

14 

Buck,  A.  E 

Bullert,  Chas 

Butman,  Roy  E 

15 

1 

42 

5 

156 

32 

10 

35 
9 

93 

9 

36 
27 
27 

Buttolph,  Rov 

Cusick  & Randall 

Ericson,  Clem 

Ferguson  Bros 

Franklin,  Floyd 

Blue  Earth 

Grange,  W.  H.,  & Son 

Warren 

Halland  Bros 

Hansen,  Jas 

Russell 

Healy,  0.  W.,  & Son 

Mapleton 

Keinen,  Jos 

Madison 

Kjos,  T . E 

Rushford 

Kuhn,  J.  F 

Luverne 

Lamp,  G.  B.,  & Son 

Mapleton . 

Laurent,  H.  Omer 

Red  Lake  Falls 

Lingle,  Jas 

Morgan 

12 

5 
28 
50 

1 

6 

15, 

Mahoney,  L.  A 

Stewart  ville 

Meyer,  Andrew,  & Son 

Fergus  Falls 

Nash,  C.  D 

Tracv ...  . 

Olson,  Ale  & Tolif 

Balaton. . . 

19 
15 

20 
8 

17 

8 

7 

17 

7 

9 

3 
9 

20 

9 

4 

Potter,  A.  A 

Windom 

Priebe,  John 

Tyler 

Quiring,  J.  J 

Mountain  Lake 

Sage,  Homer 

Truman  . 

Stevens,  D.  G 

Edgerton 

44 

16 

15 

14 

27 

13 
22 
11 
56 

7 

56 

23 

54 

29 

33 

9 

120 

8 
9 

19 

14 
8 

31 

12 

7 , 

8 
12 

Tegel  Bros 

Marshall 

Tew,  E.  0 

Rushford 

Tweeten,  R.  H 

Caledonia 

Whingelby,  Peter 

Marchfield 

Wiener  J.  H 

Hatfield 

Wood,  W.  H 

Stewartville 

Zachte,  Henry  G 

Lambert  on 

Ziegler,  Geo.  F 

Holland 

Ziegler,  O.  H.  & E.  R. . . . 

Brookpark 

Zupp  & Webber 

Blue  Earth 

Alexander,  C.  B. . . 

MISSISSIPPI. 

West 

Beltzhoover,  Estate  of  M.  S. 

Natchez 

Buford,  M.  A 

Independence 

29 

9 

16 

41 

8 

1 

Davis,  V.  T 

Jackson 

Dawson,  William.. 

Abbott  . . 

Enochs  & Wortman 

Jackson . . 

Holcombe,  Bonnus. 

Abbott 

Lee,  J.  L 

Col  1 ins  * 

Martin,  W.  F... 

Grenada 

McBeath,  J.  M. . . 

Meridian 

4 

Poplar  Grove  Stock  Farm . . 

Natchez 

Wilkins,  W.  P... 

Holcombe 

Adkison,  A.  D 

Adkison,  E.  W 
Alsup  A t 

MISSOURI. 
Tebbetts 

4 

do 

Baker,  H.  V... 

Pearl 

Portland 

1 

6 

12  Department  Circular  1H,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


List  of  once-tested,  herds  of  not  less  than  5 'purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located  — Continued. 

HEREFORD— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

missourt— continued. 

Bayless,  T.  M.,  & Son 

Cassville 

9 

4 

Black,  Samuel 

13 

g 

Bonne  Terre  C'attie  Co 

116 

4 

Brown,  Dr.  It.  A . . 

46 

4 

Buchheit,  B.  A 

Biehle 

g 

g 

Bullington,  Jacob  L 

Oak  Hill.. 

8 

18 

Cashion,  P.  A 

Farmington . 

12 

11 

Cave,  H.  S 

Wain  wright... 

1 

17 

Cissell,  L.  V 

Perryville . . 

H 

1 

Collier,  J.  E 

Owensville. . 

21 

24 

Cotton,  Robert  H 

Smithton 

7 

14 

Cox,  H.  C 

Monet  t 

31 

H 

Davis,  John 

New  Cambria. 

23 

2 

Eubank,  P.  B 

Huntsville . . . 

43 

g 

Faherty,  L.  P 

Perryville 

40 

Farmer,  J.  R 

Tebbetts 

16 

2 

Farmer’  S.  Au  & Son 

Pearl 

99 

8 

Fornard,  F.  I? 

Huntsville 

19 

4 

Freeman,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  L.  D 

Purdy 

30 

3 

Gulick,  J.  F 

Jasper 

83 

14 

Hall,  E.  F 

Tebbetts 

16 

4 

Hall,  W.  H 

Greenfield 

12 

g 

Hall,  L.  V 

Tebbetts 

16 

2 

Harter,  H.  J 

W eingarten 

33 

3 

Hayward,  Henry  & H.  H 

Dadeville 

8 

2 

Henry,  Hr.  S.  D 

Excelsior  Springs 

1 

42 

Hoppers,  George  M 

Urbana 

21 

6 

Hudson,  Al,  & Son 

Fairview 

11 

5 

Hughes,  J.  L 

Bolivar 

45 

3 

Jones,  Guy . . . . 

Bigelow 

65 

7 

Kennel,  J.  F 

Reeds 

40 

4 

Kirby,  B.  B 

Dadeville 

4 

36 

Kirby,  W.  P 

i Huntsville 

15 

3 

Kirksey,  J.  F.,  & Son 

Larussell 

22 

22 

Kurre,  H.  M 

Millersville 

11 

8 

Lee,  Phil 

Grandview 

171 

14 

Luckhardt,  L.  H.,  & Son 

Tarkio 

63 

9 

McMurry,  Miss  Alta 

Dadeville 

29 

2 

Manning,  C.  A.  & J.  F 

Cairo 

25 

15 

Martin,  W.  W 

Doniphan 

21 

4 

Metcalf,  Frank 

S tockton 

22 

12 

Pickering  Farm 

Belton 

888 

3 

Pinet,  L 

Tebbetts 

31 

5 

Rees,  John 

New  Cambria 

50 

2 

Simpson,  James  A 

Oak  Hill 

28 

9 

Tschudy,  J.  H 

Kansas  City 

56 

3 

Urban,  W.  E 

Perryville 

48 

12 

Vessells,  Dr.  F.  M 

do 

17 

16 

Vessells,  J.  J 

do 

32 

5 

Vickers,  C.  A 

Lebanon 

43 

3 

Viles,  C.  W 

Bolivar 

34 

Webber,  0.  H.,  & Co.  . 

Yarrow 

45 

32 

Wehrman,  Louis 

Hawk  Point 

84 

3 

Weimer,  C.  C.,  & Son 

Farmington 

36 

5 

Wilson,  Dr.  A E 

Brighton 

16 

3 

Yarnall,  T.  B.,  A Son 

Cassville 

40 

12 

MONTANA. 

Cook,  A.  B 

Townsend 

262 

116 

Haley,  C.  W..  . 

Terry 

37 

6 

Hastings  & Hoover 

Philipsburg 

87 

147 

Hunter,  Dwight  L 

Dooley. . . . 

19 

5 

Lamb,  H.  A 

Helena 

32 

5 

McGlynn,  A.  J 

Kalispell 

39 

2 

McVay,  A.  B 

Great  Falls 

52 

14 

Millard,  C.  J 

Westmore 

35 

1 

Miles,  J D 

Wilsall 

76 

64 

Velie,  W.  L 

High  wood ' ... 

17 

Waldron  Clement  L 

Carlyle  . 

32 

Wilcomb  & Moe 

Twin  Bridges 

9 

62 

Supplement  2 to  Aceredited-Herd  List, 


13 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners, 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

HEREFORD— Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


NEBRASKA 


Cather,  F.  W 

Darwin,  H.  E 

Gergen,  N 

Kort,  Chas 

McConnell,  D.  E. 
Mendenhall,  T.  E 

Mercer,  B.  F 

Ralston,  C.  A 

Satterfield,  F.  R.. 
Taylor,  F.  J 


Cazier,  John  H.,  & Sons 

DeBernardi,  R 

Springmeyer,  H.  H.,  Land  & Livestock 
Co. 

University  of  Nevada,  Animal  Husbandry 
Department. 


Bladen 

Virginia... 
Geneva . . . 
Blue  Hill.. 
Holbrook . . 
Fairbury.. 
Ainsworth . 
Johnstown 

Taylor 

Harmony . 


15 

23 
22 

24 
48 
44 
70 
87 

171 

41 


NEVADA. 


Wells 

Reno,  box  8033. 
Minden 


362 

11 


Reno, 


32 


5 

6 
8 


12 

23 


5 

12 

23 


2 

38 


McClure,  J.  G 

Moore  Stock  Farm 

Newell,  W.  B 

Sanford  & Rich 

Young,  Jno.  A.,  & Sons 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


Fairview.. . 
New  Bern.. 

Newell 

Mocksville. 

Greensboro. 


7 

1 

13 


15 


Adams,  Charles 

Affelett,  Julius 

Anderson,  Nels 

Bailey,  R.  J 

Brown,  Aug 

Brown,  John  C 

Bruns  void,  A.  N . . 
Christianson,  Nils . 

Cook,  W.  M 

Dahl  Bros 

Dobias,  Joseph 

Ellingson,  G.  E 

Fisher,  Paddy 

Flisram,  Lawrence . 

Foseide,  M.  J 

Foseide,  Ole 

Gunkel,Carl 

Haas,  W.  H 

Hartman,  Henry  J . 

Healy,  Wm 

Hegriev,T.  G 

House;  H.  W 

Jorgenson,  Hans  K 

Jorstad,  T.  T 

Kenmire,  J.  W.  A . 
Lagerberg,  Nels.... 
LaPort  Cattle  Co. . 

Lemieux,  Peter 

Lippert,  F.  C 

Livingston,  Gerald. 
McCullough,  W.  J. 

Miller,  R 

Miller,  S.  N 

Mills,  Geo.  W 

Mills,  J.  G.,  & Sons 

Mills,  Milton  E 

Monroe  & Bigham. . 

Nehring,  A.  E 

Nelson,  Nels 

Oakley,  F.  B ! 

Olson,  C.  J 

Olson,  Ed.  W 

Palm,  John 

Payseno,  Geo 


Killdeer... 

Hamberg.. 

Marion 

Wishek 

Sheldon 

Forbes 

Edinburg. . 

Rolette 

Bowdon..., 

Grafton 

Cartwright. 

Maddock... 

Bantry 

Hankinson. 
Edinburg. . 

Milton 

Belfield 

Forbes 

Hamar 

Glenburn . . 
McCluskv.. 

Solen 

Flasher 

Harvey 

Emerado... 
McGregor. . 
Newburg... 

Rolette 

Sarles 

Bowman... 

Greene 

Bismarck . . 
Benedict... 
Hannaford. 

do 

do 

Haynes 

Wiiliston... 

Amenia 

Edgeley.... 

Michigan... 

Rolette 

Cummings. 
Denhoff 


NORTH  DAKOTA. 


58 

8 

1 

5 


1 

15 


16 

8 

7 

19 

5 

23 

8 

39 


30 

10 

6 


5 


19 


1 


42 

59 

17 

28 

7 


6 

10 

11 


17 


30 

19 


1 

13 

15 

15 

17 

13 

5 

41 


26 

8 

18 

10 


22 


10 

ii 

8 

5 

5 


13 

6 

12 

1 

11 

18 


14  Department  Circular  lkk,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

HEREFORD — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Peterson,  M.  P 

north  Dakota — continued. 
Hettinger 

7 

3 

Peterson'  0.  P 

Grace  City 

30 

15 

Prince,  Henry 

Columbus 

12 

Puppe,  Fred 

Hensel 

5 

8 

Radabaugh,  C.  H 

Grandin 

1 

14 

Rayl,  John  P 

Oakes 

16 

6 

Redhn,  0.  C 

Crosby 

28 

34 

Royl  and  Patterson 

Oakes 

26 

Rutherford,  J.  H 

Grafton 

6 

6 

Sehroeder,  C.  J 

McGregoT 

19 

Seim,  Krist 

E dinburg . . . 

10 

Spitzer.S.  H ...  . 

EdgeleyT. 

61 

171 

Stone,  t.  E.,  & Sons 

Powers'  Lake 

39 

7 

Sutherland,  W 

Bordulac. 

17  j 

1 

Thoburn,  W.  A 

Wyndmere 

24 

5 

Tiegan,  O 

Brocket 

11 

Titus  Bagley 

Medora 

45 

Tofsrud,  0.  T 

Rugby 

5 

' 9 

Twetteri,  Arthur 

Rolette 

19 

Walla,  Jens  G 

Arnegard 

10 

8 

Wheeler,  D.  U 

Soleri. 

48 

Wells,  Alson 

Jamestown 

10 

Wichmann,  F.  A 

Leonard 

14 

2 

Wieg,  A.  C 

Sheldon 

3 

41 

Willows,  Geo 

Edmunds 

3 

32 

Wilson,  M.  A 

Earl.... 

42 

1 

Wing,  0.  B 

Wilton 

53 

88 

Grinnell,  Morton 

OHIO. 

Yellow  Springs 

30 

4 

Lyons,  H.  S 

Chandlersville 

4 

10 

Spragg,  Delbert  F 

Adena 

10 

2 

Titus,  George  V 

Middleport 

15 

A.  & M.  College ; 

OKLAHOMA. 

Stillwater 

31 

Henderson,  A,  J 

Cherokee 

23  i 

10 

Leahy,  W.  T.,  & Son 

Pawhuska 

30 

4 

Emery,  William  P 

OREGON. 

Macleay 

33 

Boykin,  B.  H.,  jr 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

B oykin 

34 

Britt,  J.  E 

McCormick 

30 

Cade,  G.  W 

Bordeaux 

5 

57 

Copeland,  J.  M 

Renno 

3 

17 

Kennedy,  J.  L 

Troy 

8 

50 

Rush,  F.  P 

Bradley 

1 

25 

Stockman,  J.  P 

Greenwood 

15 

8 

Green wald,  B.  T 

•SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Edson 

29  ; 

Henricks,  Geo 

Watertown 

30 

Jellesma,  Chas 

Athboy 

17 

Mason,  Geo.  W . 

White  Lake 

118 

8 

McCarty,  Albert 

De  Smet 

25 

A dams,  J ames . 

TENNESSEE. 

Chattanooga 

12 

Blake,  Rodncv. . . 

Cumberland  Citv 

14 

6 

Bradford,  W.  I.,  & Son 

Humboldt 

16  : 

16 

Brittain,  J.  W 

Smyrna 

24 

2 

Cayce,  H.  F . . . . 

Columbia 

25 

3 

Harris,  Mrs.  T.  W 

Cumberland  Furnace 

15 

Hopper,  W.  D 

Rutherford 

33 

1 

McClanahan,  V.  A . . . . 

Hampshire 

42 

Meacham.  J.  II 

Franklin 

23 

6 

Thatch,  T.  E 

Harrison 

14 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List.  15 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 ■purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

HEREFORD — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

TEXAS. 

Colbert,  R.  C.,  & Son 

Stamford 

169 

28 

Ikard,  W.  S 

Henrietta 

g 

Kothman,  E.  0 

Mason 

61 

UTAH. 

Livingston  Stock  Farm  Company 

Farmington 

35 

3 

Nelson,  Jos.  A 

Ephraim 

10 

Olsen.  Jas 

55 

11 

VERMONT. 

Putnam,  E.  E 

•»e 

Webb,  J.  Watson.. 

Shelburne... 

30 

lo 

90 

White,  E.  H 

East  Corinth 

20 

2 

VIRGINIA. 

Allen,  W.  P 

Gibson  Station 

g 

c 

Barclay,  R.  C 

Warrenton 

16 

22 

Bryant,  I.  B 

Independence  . 

54 

Cameron  Bros 

Gordonsville . 

17 

Gilly,  James  E 

0 linger 

26 

la 

c 

Lunsford,  J.,  & Sons 

Monterey 

jl 

o 

9 

Mitchell,  W.H 

Rve  Cove 

40 

Musick,  J.  T 

Pennington  Gap,  R.  5 

5 

A 

Reasor,  J.  J 

0 linger. . 

Oa 

Q 

O 

Russell,  J.  H 

Pennington  Gap 

o 

la 

A 

Witt,  C.  E 

-LU 

13 

W~oodard,  J.  0 

Jonesville... 

Q 

C 

WASHINGTON. 

o 

O 

Monnett,  A.  A 

Dayton 

11 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Brand,  W.  E 

Morgantown . . . 

1 1 

Q 

Chambers,  C.  B 

Ravenswood . . . . 

11 

A 

O 

Q 

Core,  Charles  E 

Cassville 

t> 

o 

o 

7 

Irons,  C.  F 

Pickaway 

4 

i 

91 

Nixon, R.  S 

Shinn  ston 

9 A 

*1 

1 A 

Poling,  A 

Buekhannon 

dml\J 

A. 

li 

on 

Smith,  C.  A 

Chester 

‘A 

OQ 

ZU 

Wright,  James  E 

Burlington 

od 

13 

1 

6 

WISCONSIN/. 

Foster,  G.  A 

Fairchild 

97 

Hyde,  S.  Y 

La  Crosse. 

1 O 

n 

Melville,  Frank 

Chippewa  Falls 

iy 

1 G 1 

U 

o 

Total,  Hereford,  United  States 

iy 

12,958 

6 

6,029 

POLLED  HEREFORD. 


ILLINOIS. 

Adair,  Henry 

Stronghurst  . 

QA 

Bruninga,  M.  H 

Macomb . . 

yo 

1 9 

Cutler,  P.  W 

Carthage . . 

Fort  Bros 

7o 

A 

Johnson,  Frank  J 

j Stronghurst 

O 

Mover,  E.  W 

Earlville.. 

Naffziger,  H.  P 

1 Walnut . . 

ia 

Negley,  A.  L 

Stronghurst 

DO 
1 A 

Nelson,  Anton 

7 

Oakford,  E.  E 

Walnut . . . 

i 

on 

Rudiger,  Chas.  H 

Spring  Valley 

OU 

Q 

Park  Roy 

Media. . . 

y 

99 

Porter,  Geo 

Bushnell . . 

oa 

A 

Penny,  P.  B 

Lomax 

U 

Schweirer,  Lewis 

Blandinsville . 

io 

9 

Walton,  Ed 

Bowen . 

£t 

cn 

Y aley,  A.  C 

Media 

OU 

60 

16  Department  Circular  1H,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

POLLED  HEREFORD— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

INDIANA. 

. 85 

6 

IOWA. 

Appenzeller,  Frank... 

Bouton 

10 

4 

Galbraith,  Robert i 

What  Cheer 

46 

2 

Johnson,  Oscar  W 

Man  son 

20 

3 

Kirstein,  F.  L i 

Clarion 

13 

Meyer,  August 

West  Liberty 

31 

5 

Meyer,  Emil 

Lone  Tree 

26 

3 

Roth  & Dodson 

Ocheyedan 

58 

6 

Schnoor,  Henry 

Perry 

52 

4 

Schooley,  H.  L 

West  Liberty 

13 

4 

Stafford,  James 

do 

15 

4 

Stewart,  J.  E 

Grinnell 

53 

5 

Wiese,  John  D 

Manson 

10 

10 

Fields,  R.  M.,  & Clore 

MISSOURI, 

Lees  Summit 

37 

5 

Hill,  J.  R 

Nor  borne 

16 

5 

Hoffman,  J.  F 

NEBRASKA. 

Dorchester 

19 

9' 

Welty,  J.  S.,  & Son 

Gresham 

16 

1 

Eddy,  D.  O 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Wessington  Springs 

46 

5 

Total  (Polled  Hereford,  United 

1,116 

194 

States). 

RED  POLLED. 


Bellamy  Edward  C 

ARKANSAS. 

Mammoth  Springs 

15 

Kizer  John  R 

Pocahontas 

22 

Pace  Turpentine  Co 

FLORIDA. 

Jay 

35 

Beeman  F A & W H 

IDAHO. 

New  Plymouth 

12 

Ewing  it  E 

Emmett  

8 

10 

IHer  Alfred 

St.  Maries 

29 

Bennett  Roy  E 

ILLINOIS. 

Chatsworth 

16 

4 

Larabee  J IV 

Earlville 

66 

Miller  Otto  C 

Loami 

9 

1 

Pope  Hugh  K 

Yorkville 

17 

II aunt z Frank  C 

INDIANA. 

Moores  Hill 

14 

Pritchard  Lewis 

do 

18 

Whiteford  Clarence 

do 

12 

Clouse  & Angell 

IOWA. 

Manson  

58 

JIawk,  A.  A. 

Mabel,  Minn 

27 

1 

Foster  G E 

KANSAS. 

Eldorado 

28 

Haag, ’A.  H 

Holton 

19 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List.  17 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 'purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

RED  POLLED— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Kennedy,  W.  L 

KENTUCKY. 

Lola 

13 

8 

6 

18 

2 

4 

2 

18 

9 

2 

5 

8 

5 

11 

13 

8 

1 

13 

13 

7 

Kimbro,  T1.  J 

Anderson,  Jens 

MINNESOTA. 

Aultfather,  D.  C 

Christensen,  W 

Daschner,  Oeo 

Ellis,  James 

Gillingham,  Fred 

Haugen,  Knute 

Haugen,  Oscar 

St.  Hilaire. 

Hoehn,  Frank 

3 

49 

Johansen,  Jorgen,  & Son 

Tyler 

Johnson,  August 

Thief  River  Falls 

13 
10 
10 
15 
19 
33 
30 

14 
7 

2 

5 

Larson,  L.  D 

Clearbrook 

Lindbe'rg,  \ ictor  & Anton 

Maakned,  John 

1 

Monson,  Andrew 

Nelson,  R.  F 

13 

11 

1 

8 

10 

3 

6 

Novak,  W 

Rybak  & Rech 

New  Prague 

Stenehjem,  J.  S 

Spring  Grove  . 

Tallerday,  W.  L 

Remer  . 

Shakelford,  J.  W 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Myrtle 

Speed,  J.  D 

Collins 

Alford,  A.  M 

MISSOURI. 

Fulton 

Marshfield 

Andrew,  James 

19 

3 

8 

7 

3 

Brownlee,  R.  C 

Holden 

31 

41 

7 
38 
18 

8 

33 

50 

29 

22 

5 

35 

Morse  Stock  Farm * 

Neosho 

Murta,  P.  J 

Cuba 

Preston,  D.  C 

Sevmonr  • 

Preston,  J.  C 

Simpson,  O.  F 

Hamilton 

7 

Zaehman,  Mrs.  Stella  D 

Oregon 

Anderson,  Adolph 

NEBRASKA. 

Davenport 

Bradshaw ; . . 

Harvard 

Brabham,  J.  H : 

Brehm,  C.  W 

4 

4 

Brondel,  Theo 

Bradshaw 

Buschow,  F.  C.,  & Sons 

Blue  Hill 

Bladen 

Cather,  G.  P 

13 

Christiansen,  L.  M 

Plain  view 

Holbrook 

91 

15 

31 

27 

24 

Davis,  Frank,  & Sons 

Davis,  J.  P 

Geneva 

GrafT,  R.  V 

Bancroft 

Larson,  Paul  C.,  & Son 

Simonson,  A.  P 

Wolbach 

Verona 

2 

10 

2 

2 

16 

10 

17 

41 

37 

in 

Slayton,  L.  W 

Salem 

13 

22 

7 

3 

Walker,  Robert 

Clay  Center 

Watson,  L.  & F 

Ord 

Yost,  W.J 

Harvard 

Zimmerman,  J.  G 

De  Witt 

Reynolds  Lybrook  Farms  Co.,  Arston 
Farm. 

Reynolds  Lybrook  Farms  Co.,  Brenmoda 
Farm. 

Yarbrough,  W.  H 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Winston-Salem 

do 

1 

12651°— 20 3 


18  Department  Circular  1H,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

RED  POLLED — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

sir 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Agre,  H.  0 

13 

Bant  el,  W.  W 

11 

i 

17 

Bixby,  J . S 

' 114 

1 

Borseth,  0.  J 

Enloe 

6 

11 

Brastrup,  Geo.  E 

3 

10 

3 

19 

Erie 

38 

2 

Cavett,  Chas 

Enderlin 

33 

1 

5 

15 

17 

Ford  & Son 

6 

20 

Gallagher,  Mike 

Agate 

19 

Gibson,  Nat 

13 

Greger/Carl 

11 

Hendrickson,  T.  A 

14 

Holler,  John. 

15  i 

Johnson,  David  R 

13 



Johnson,  Edward 

St.  John 

5 

19 

Johnson,  John  K 

9 1 

17 

McMillan,  T.  E 

1 

15 

16 

1 

Reise,  Herman 

10 

Schafer,  George 

McClusky 

4 

11 

Solberg,  Owen 

Agate 

19 

Stary,  John  V 

Conway 

8 

17 

Steinolfson,  T.  H 

Mountain . . . 

12 

Swanson,  D.  W 

New  Rockford. 

1 

13 

Tucker,  H.  N 

Courtenay 

36 

2 

Walstad,  T.  L 

Milton 

12 

OHIO. 

Etzler,  Christ 

Convoy 

31 

Evans  & Son,  R.  0 

Venedocia 

9 

3 

James,  Henderson 

Barnes  ville. 

26 

Kroft,  E.  M 

Mt.  Perry 

12 

• 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Dickson,  J.  C.,  & Sons 

J Cochranton,  R.  4 

24 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Brooks,  E.  L 

Dyson 

13 

14 

Davies,  T.  W 

Augusta,  Ga.,  R.  3 

14 

Dyches,  H.  P 

Aiken 

26 

~Snmmera.il,  F 

do 

14 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Brewer,  W.  E 

Zell 

24 

Hublou,  E.  J 

Milbank 

6 

Kloster,  Lars  L 

Clark 

11 

3 

Peter,  Walter  P 

Rockham 

2 

13 

Walters,  W.  F 

Watertown 

8 

14 

VIRGINIA. 

Nicoll,  Henrv 

Pennington  Gap 

34 

Rutherfoord,  J.  T 

Rock  Castle 

13 

WISCONSIN. 

Gorman,  C.,  Farm  No.l  

ViroQ.ua 

3 

29 

Gorman,  C.,  Farm  No.  2 

do 

13 

Kimball,  Nat 

B lack  River  Falls 

12 

16 

Salter,  J.  W.,  & Son 

Unity  

41 

Thompson,  L.  M 

ViroQua 

11 

2 

Total  (Red  Polled,  United  States). 

1,651 

1,115 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List.  19 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  net  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 


SHORTHORN. 

Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Cope,  E.  H 

ALABAMA. 

26 

Houston,  W.  G.,  & Lanort,  G.  A 

Tuscumbia,  R!  1 

20 

48 

Solomon  & Oates 

Trustee,  A.  H.  Endowment 

ARKANSAS. 

Jonesboro 

21 

23 
6 

14 

8 

8 

14 

24 

15 
27 
12 

6 

Bleakley,  F.  L 

Bogart,  R.  D 

4 

5 

Counts,  G.  D 

Cosby  & Son,  W.  C 

Crowder,  Culver 

* * 

Eldridge,  Jno.  D 

11 

2 

13 

6 

7 

Flanagan,  W.  E 

Homever,  Henry 

Johnston,  G.  H 

Lee  Brothers 

Magness,  H.  R 

Owenby,  C.  A 

Sloan,  M.  F.,jr 

10 

39 

10 

5 

6 

20 

3 

6 

Stokenberry  & Son,  R.  H 

Elkins 

U niversity  of  Arkansas 

14 

3 

27 

41 

22 

26 

Williams  & Mathis 

West  Fork. . . 

Gilbert  Farm 

CONNECTICUT. 

Bates,  L.  E 

FLORIDA. 

Tampa 

Gist,  W.  M 

Ocala 

Stallings,  George  T 

GEORGIA. 

Haddock 

46 

15 

6 

30 

6 

State  College  of  Agriculture 

Athens 

Trimble,  W.  W 

Adairsville. 

Adams,  Jesse 

IDAHO. 

Idaho  Falls . . . 

1 

5 

13 

10 

11 

3 

4 
26 

4 

27 

36 

4 

23 

Armes,  P.  S 

Filer . 

Andregg,  H.  F 

Eagle 

Armfield,  Elmer 

Caldwell 

2 

Brammer,  Henry 

Lewisville 

Barston,  M.  D.  /. 

Buhl  . . . 

10 

5 

8 

2 

Bingham,  G.  C 

Filer 

Bow,  S.  F 

Caldwell 

Beamer,  D.  T 

Filer . 

Byrne,  Lewis 

Sunnydell 

Byrne,  James 

1 

3 

1 

21 

18 

11 

6 

Bunn  Bros 

Lanark .... 

Brown,  E.  E 

Montpelier . . 

Beek,  Henry 

Caldwell 

Brown,  W.  C 

Castleford . 

2 

5 

Beck,  J.  0 

Boise 

Branson,  F.  B 

Filer 

Buchanan,  D.  B 

St.  Maries 

30 

6 

11 

3 

Bird,  Jas.  T 

St.  Anthony. . . 

8 

3 

3 

21 

Ball  & Anderson 

Hansen 

Caldwell,  F.  E 

Caldwell .... 

Cleveland  & Warren 

Boise 

Clint,  John 

St.  Maries 

26 

13 

8 

27 

13 

2 

1 

12 

5 

2 

25 

25 

Chase,  Charles 

St.  Anthony 

Craner,  W.  W 

Buhl 

4 

Craig,  T.C...; 

Idaho 

Clarke,  M.  C 

Menan 

Dodgins,  Jas 

Eagle 

7 

16 

1 

6 

6 

Dorman,  H.  M 

Caldwell . . . 

Ellis,  F.  G 

Rigby.. 

Fellhouse,  N.  S 

New  Plvmouth 

Fest,  H.  L 

Emmett. . 

Finn,  W.  H 

Galloway,  Guy 

Weiser 

21 

6 

36 

20 

Gammon,  Lillian  R . . 

Caldwell 

Grim,  E.  0 

1 

14 

Grim,  C.  B 

Nampa 

20  Department  Circular  1H,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners, 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued  . 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


Idaho — continued. 


Giese,  Julius 

Gregory,  G.  F 

Gooding,  F.  W.,  & Sons 

Gooding,  Fred 

Gage,  E.  R 

Harrod,  G.  A 

Hill,  Jno 

Harman,  John 

Hammar,  C.  W 

Handy  shell,  R.  A 

Hazzard,  Wm.C 

Hanbon,  J.  W 

Hatfield,  W.  R 

Johnson,  J 

Jacot,  J 

Jacot,  Robert 

Jams,  Bert 

Krogne,  D.  A 

Leland  Bros 

Looney,  Eugene 

Larson,  A.  S 

Larson,  Albert 

Lyons,  E.  J 

Leister,  A.  S 

Logg,  J.  L 

McMillan,  Geo.  F 

McMillan,  G.  A 

McFarlane,  A.  C 

McCoy,  B.  A 

McClimg,  A.  W 

Myers,  Chris 

Mase,  C.  H 

Morgan,  W.  R 

Morgan,  Hugh 

Musgrave  & Sons 

Morrison,  Wm 

Myers,  Mrs.  D.  B 

Maxwell,  J.  E 

Mathis,  Frank  J 

Madalena,  A.  G 

Mitchell,  Walter  B 

Nordby,  Oscar 

Nesbitt,  M.  S 

Parker,  Henry 

Parker,  Oscar 

Proctor,  S.  H 

Pollard,  Harry 

Pierce,  J.  M 

Roberts,  Owen 

Requa  Bros 

Rockwood,  J.  A 

Schooler,  J . G 

Syster,  O.  E 

Steiner,  Geo 

Sleight,  R.  S 

Stratford,  D.  M 

Stevens,  R.  J 

Teichart,  Julius 

Tish,  Geo.  P 

Thomas  & Hodges 

Ticknor,  E . C 

Tuckett,  C.  N 

Tefft,  B.  W 

Thornton,  R.  G 

Uhlig,  Charles 

White,  Robert  M 

Warner.  T.  A 

Ward,  Abram 

Warner,  L.  A 

Wing,  Fred 

Weeks,  John 

Wallantine,  C.  A 

Webb,  Elton 

Williamson,  N 

Y wager,  Geo 


Julianta 

Idaho  Falls. . . . 

Shoshone 

do 

Dietrich 

Winchester 

Payette 

Caldwell 

do 

do 

Buhl 

Caldwell 

Buhl 

Rexburg 

St.  Maries 

do 

Bloomington. . . 

Montpelier 

Wendell 

Cambridge 

St.  Maries 

do 

Filer 

Winchester 

Nampa 

Winchester 

do 

St.  Anthony. . . 

Filer 

Caldwell 

Weiser 

Cocolalla 

Liberty 

do 

Filer 

Murtaugh 

Caldwell 

Wendell 

Dietrich 

Buhl 

Parma 

Genesee 

New  Plymouth 

Lanark 

do 

Kimberly 

Starr 

Berger 

Lanark 

Kimberly 

Roswell 

Buhl 

do 

Rexburg 

Paris 

Caldwell 

Winchester 

Sterling 

Caldwell 

do 

Filer 

Rexburg 

Ilo 

Payette 

Churchill 


Caldwell 
Buhl. . . . 


Caldwell 


Sunnydell 

Lanark 

New  Plymouth 

Moscow 

Payette 


1 


i 


4 


1 


24 


1 

1 

1 

3 

7 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

6 

. 50 


3 


1 


4 

4 

10 


3 

5 


8 


5 

10 


4 


17 

9 


32 


3 

6 


5 

5 

6 


3 

2 

24 

20 

16 


16 

20 


83 

38 

30 


11 

10 

35 

14 

14 

19 

7 

14 
13 

15 
31 

6 

17 

25 

56 

41 

9 

12 


5 

14 

12 

5 

10 

28 

18 

13 

10 

3 

3 

1 

39 

13 

13 

5 
18 
32 

6 

38 

23 

17 

2 


11 

28 

2 

23 
12 
13 

2 

3 
12 

17 
12 
16 
42 
13 

18 
6 

“4 

11 

9 

15 

4 
1 
9 

18 

28 

11 

19 

24 
1 


3 


Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


21 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 'purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 


Ackerman,  J.  H 

Ackerman,  C.  W 

Allison,  H.  C 

Anderson,  C.  S ’ . ’ ’ 

Artman,  A.  G * [ ” 

Asher,  Chas 

Bates,  C.  G 

Bauman,  Carl ’ 

Baumgartner,  T.  E 

Betzelberger,  John  & Son. 

Birky,  Chris 

Biller  beck,  August . . . 

Boyer,  T.  A 

Brechtel,  Carl 

Brechtel,  Frank  H.. 
Brechtel,  Wilbur...  . 
Brown,  Jas... 

Brown,  C.  D.  & H.  s 

Buck,  A.  E 

Burkey,  Lee  H 

Callery,  Frank  A 

Carmichael,  Philip 

Challand,  Henry 

Chandler,  Fred 

Clair,  Galen  B 

Cline,  Frank 

Cox  & Largent 

Diemer,  W.  W. . 

Dixon,  W.  H. .. . 

Dye,  R.  L 

Ebner,  R.  E 

Egan  Bros 

Evans,  C.  H 

Fasse,  Homer !! 

Frank,  J.  W 

Genung,  Arthur 

Getz,  Benjamin 

Griffin,  G.  F 

Grimes,  Geo.  F 

Gut , J oseph  D 

Guth,  Peter 

Hartke,  J.  L..!.!!! 

Hanna, W.  R...!"! 

Hauter,  Joseph "! 

Hazzard,  Schuyler. . 

Henn,  Philip  A 

Henderson,  J.  A... 
Highberger,  D.  & Son. . . 

Hirsten,  A.  B 

Hodel,  Geo 

Hoffman,  Philip 

Hunt,  E.  R....f  

Imig,  Gus 

Jamison,  Ray.. 

Jones,  Ebon  C.."!! 

Lafferty,  Ira 

Langtord,  Fred 

Lant,C.  E 

Lincoln,  Thos. .!!!!!!!! 

McVay,  J.  I 

Mann,  Chas ” “ ] ‘ 

Martin,  Harry 

Mecherle,  Willis.!! 

Miner,  H.  J !!!!!!! 

Moody,  Edward 

Nibio,  t.  r ;;;;; 

O'Donnell,  Edward 

Ozee,  Geo.  D . 

Pickens,  C.  L. 


Address. 


Pobanz, Frank !!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!;;;;  Geneseo 

Price.  E.  L ^e.„eS:C0 


ILLINOIS. 

Morton 

do .!!! 

Lerna 

Ohio !.!!!!!! 

Ehzabeth ...!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Paris. 

Cameron 

Morton 

Chatham 

Delavan 

do 

Cullom 

Lena ! . ’ 

Waddams  Grove 

do 

do 

Dundee 

Ridge  Farm 

Mazon 

Walnut !.!!! 

Edelstein 

Stanford !.! 

Waterman 

Carman 

Kent 

Clinton 

Tremont 

Dakota 

Carlock 

Dieterich 

Tonica 

Wenona 

Mason 

Minier 

Morton 

Port  Byron 

Tremont 

Lostant •. 

Charleston 

Hopedale 

Morton 

Dieterich 

Paris 

Morton 

Ridge  Farm 

Redmon 

Danvers 

German  Valley 

Cullom 

Metamora 

Tremont 

Winnebago 

Minier 

Ottawa 

Bloomington. 

Dewitt 

Paris 

Gladstone 

Ridott 

Cornell 

Beecher  City 

Brocton 

Bloomington 

Mendota 

Dalton  City 

Rock  City 

Ottawa 

Lerna 

Dieterich 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors,  i 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


Muncie. 


’rice,  E.  L 

Quinn , J.J. Streator 

Railsback,  Fay  D Mackinaw. 

Reitz,  A.  P Hoopeston. 


21 

6 

22 

5 

18 

7 

17 

7 

42 

4 

12 

7 

4 

9 

2 

7 

6 

18 

3 

10 

4 

7 

5 

19 

7 

7 

3 

18 

23 

11 

3 

9 

8 

7 

2 

14 

4 

5 

6 

5 

4 

4 

10 

2 

6 

9 

23 

4 

7 

18 

28 

7 

11 

9 

8 

8 

3 

8 

21 

3 

14 

4 

15 

15 

7 

13 

11 

2 

11 

3 

7 

5 

7 

6 

17 

1 

19 

2 

5 

21 

18 

5 

2 

11 

1 

26 

2 

14 

1 

9 

1 

11 

4 

19 

5 

15 

5 

9 

37 

5 

8 

8 

7 

3 

24 

1 

9 

35 

14 

12 

18 

7 

2 

3 

25 

4 

6 

18 

11 

16 

5 

27 

13 

20 

1 

3 

2 

13 

2 

15  s 

13 

5 

9 

9 

1 

8 

22  Department  Circular  Ikk,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 'purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  shovnng  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued.  » 

SHORTHORN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Illinois — continued. 
Hoopeston 

6 

2 

La  Salle. 

2 

8 

Morton 

21 

4 

do 

22 

3 

St  John,  W.  S 

Cornell 

4 I 

10 

Metamora 

6 

7 

Roanoke 

29 

8 

Arrowsmith 

23 

4 

Scholl  John 

do 

22 

1 

Princeton 

20 

3 

Tremont 

11 

8 

Wapella 

14 

5 

Ransom 

6 

2 

Downs 

26 

2 

Ohio 

10 

5 

3 

5 

Smith’  W M 

Odell 

8 

3 

Metamora 

7 

19 

Wheeler 

9 

Eureka 

17 

3 

Thorp  Ocn  TT 

Wapella 

11 

14 

Milford 

4 i 

1 

Dakota 

17  i 

Morton 

8 1 

2 

Trine  eton 

21 

4 

Wilson  Cecil  

Argenta 

9 

5 

Wilson,  J C 

Dewitt 

11 

Wilson  Ira 

Wapella 

22 

3 

Winsor  Bros 

Morris 

20 

1 

Wood  Frank  J 

Mason 

8 

9 

Wright  Mrs  Addell 

Vermilion 

10 

2 

Zipse  Wm 

Winslow 

19 

4 

Allison’s  Sons  W.  A 

INDIANA. 

Washington 

16 

11 

Applegate  C.  W^ 

Hebron 

37 

1 

Bowers  A M 

Marshall 

16 

3 

Rows  or  TT  ft 

Fort  W'avne 

G 

2 

Bradley  Peter  J 

Loogootee 

1 

14 

Brookover  Guy  L 

Bippus 

17 

5 

Bruce  Amor  L 

Aurora 

16 

Brutus,  Arba 

Pine  Village 

12 

3 

Butler  & Butler 

Marshall 

17 

4 

Carson,  Spencer 

Monticello 

15 

6 

Clay  County  Poor  Farm 

Centerpoint 

1 

11 

Col  vert  & Son  A L 

Boswell  

7 

4 

Constable  & Son,  C.  L 

Goodland 

39 

6 

Creek  Ora  B 

Kitchel 

6 

8 

Daily  Thomas 

Fowler 

8 

4 

Deer  E L 

Bargersville 

7 

7 

Eberly  Arthur 

Independence 

15 

6 

Fisher  Clarence 

Valparaiso 

13 

G 

Friedersdorf  L J 

Elizabethtown 

25 

Funkhouser  & Son  Wm 

Rockfield 

19 

Gerig  E E 

Auburn 

5 

10 

Geri"  Noa.li  M.  V 

do 

5 

20 

Hadley  William 

Bloomingdale 

9 

2 

Heath  man  Homer 

Oakland  City 

8 

1 

Heiser  J D 

Culver 

8 

7 

Heiser  "R  TT 

do 

6 

Heiser’  W G 

. . .do 

5 

4 

Hess  George  A 

Pine  Village 

26 

7 

Hutton  S C 

Valparaiso 

20 

4 

Jessup  Fred  E 

Rockville 

6 

2 

Johnson,  Will 

Fort  Wayne 

8 

1 

Knickerbocker  Luke 

Logansport 

5 

11 

Kyle,  H.  W 

Lawrenceburg 

8 

7 

Lochery  H E 

Franklin 

13 

3 

Mackey  Elmer 

Hebron  

6 

2 

Mart  indale  & Allford 

Wilkinson 

6 

1 

Mead  James  0 

Goodland  

8 

4 

Mctzingcr  M G 

Ambia  

5 

4 

Million,  William  A 

Monticello 

5 

3 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List 


23 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  vjhich  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


Indiana — continued . 


Morris,  Frank  T 

Nieodennis,  Bert 

North,  C.  J 

Pierce  & Son,  Ed 

Pound.  W.  H 

Reiff,  Milt  K 

Rhode,  Andrew 

Rosenbaum,  Jacob 

Ross,  John  B 

Runner  & Staggs 

Scheetz,  John  B.,  jr 

Schiele,  R.  J 

Sears,  Virgil 

Shepard,  George 

Shonkwiler,  Harry  L . . 

Smith,  Norval 

Smith,  W.  O 

Smith  & George 

Steinmetz,  A.F 

Summers,  J.  M 

Thatcher,  Glen 

Thiel,  Milton 

Thomas  & Sons,  W.  H 

Weis,  Martin 

Willen,  Christ  A 

Williams,  Zeno 

Wortlev,  W.  H 


Logansport 

do 

Brookston 

Newcastle 

Sullivan 

Burnetts  Creek. 

Pine  Village 

Mount  Vernon . 
Fort  Wayne.. 

Oxford 

Grass  Creek 

Clay  City 

Lapel 

Goodland 

Raub 

Kouts 

Oxford 

Franklin 

Ambia 

Oakland  City  . 

Valpaiaiso. 

Hebron  

Farmers  burg.  . 

Aurora 

Clay  City 

Bloomingdale . . 
Rensselaer 


16 

12 

9 

11 

15 

20 

34 

11 

9 

1 

23 

2 

5 

18 

9 

23 

20 

7 

64 

8 

5 

6 
12 


17 

24 


2 

9 

4 

4 

2 

4 

4 

3 
13 

2 

10 

1 

4 
3 
2 

5 

3 

11 

4 


8 

12 

10 

3 


IOWA. 


Anderson,  W.  C 

Asmus,  L.  H 

Austin,  T.  E 

Austinson,  M.  S 

Bakken,  Chris 

Bare,  G.  W 

Barthelme,  Phil,  & Son. 

Bell,  Adam 

Beil,  H.  F 

Bowman,  M.  L 

Brenneman,  John  C 

Brenneman,  M.  J 

Brenneman,  W.  D 

Brown,  F.  E 

Bruhns,  Ferrus 

Bruhns,  Henry 

Cameron,  W.  A 

Carolan,  Philip 

Chalupa,  Frank 

Charleson,  I.  W 

Christenson,  Will 

Clark,  F.  A 

Clausen,  Peter 

Corporation  of  Thompson. 

Cutler,  Eugene 

Dahl,  Albert 

Dahlhouser,  Peter  J 

Dahlhouser.P.  W 

Dalton,  E.  R 

Dixon,  O.  A 

Dresser,  Paul 

Eggert,  George 

Ellefson,  Ole 

Elsen,  Charles 

Engebretson,  John 

Erb,  John 

Erb,  Marion 

Erickson,  Henry. 

Ewen,  C.  E 

Finer,  E.  S 

Floyd  County  Farm 

Frank,  L.  W 

Gall,  W.  H 

Genrich,  A.  M 


Norwalk 

8 

Thompson 

j 

Forest  City 

do 

Walker < 25 

Decorah i 33 

Thompson 

West  Bend i 

Waterloo 

Kalona 

Kalona,  R.  2 

Wellman,  R.  3 

Mitchellville 

Buffalo  Center 

8 

42 

Lonerock 

22 

34 

8 

Decorah 

Pleasant  Plain 

Forest  City 

Armstrong 

Laurens 

21 

38 

Spencer 

Thompson 

Logan 

19 

Thompson 

Whittemore. 

5 

Algona...' 

Waukon 

1 

18 

43 

Cedar  Falls 

Newton 

Leland 

Manson 

20 

Thompson 

■Wellman 

1 

Kalona 

Thompson 

Callender 

11 

2 

16 

Thompson 

Charles  City 

Thompson 

Polk  City 

Luveme 

13 

18 

17 

16 

19 


21 

13 

12 

26 

11 

23 

4 

10 

10 

1 


3 

16 

32 


19 

3 

21 

17 

34 

14 

60 


17 


26 

1 

16 

14 


15 

13 

10 

13 


24  Department  Circular  iM,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture , 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  on 
without 

Pure- 

bred. 

Lee  tested 
reactors. 

Grade. 

iowa — continued . 

Gillespie,  H.  L.  F 

Manchester 

3 

17 

Gingerich,  Jeff  G 

15 

Gingerich,  John 

10 

Gingerich^  L.  0 .’ 

15 

Gingerich^  W.  F 

10 

2 

Gjertson,  ^Tohn 

41 

Grotenhuis,  A.  J.,  & Son 

43 

4 

14 

Hague  & Girton  

14 

7 

Hancher,  A.  E 

17 

1 

Hanna  & Griffith 

20 

15 

10 

1 

13 

Healy,  0.  M.,  & Son 

41 

' 

5 

Helgren,  John 

24 

1 

11 

9 

23 

Holland,  O.  II 

1 

20 

Hoover,C.  E. , &*Son 

26 

4 

H ulme,  George 

24 

Iowa  State  College 

23 

28 

33 

Jensen,  J.  E 

Buffalo  Center 

14 

Kossuth  Comity  Farm 

Algona 

1 

33 

Lehman,  C.  H 

Thompson  .... 

20 

Lofstadt  Brothers 

Rippey 

is 

2 

Luckason,  Arne 

Kensett  . . 

92 

7 

Lyders,  A.  M 

Ellsworth  . . 

40 

1 

McKibben,  J.  E 

Mechanics  ville 

10 

Martin,  Edward 

Parnell  

17 

Metz,  F.  E 

Fairfield 

25 

Miller,  C.  D 

Wellman  

14 

Miller,  David  D 

ICa.lnna 

13 

Moore,  E._»  & Son 

West  Liberty  

H 

Murphy,  J ohn  E 

Lonerock 

50 

Myers,  M.  W 

Beaman  

11 

2 

Naab,  Fred 

Elma 

40 

Nelson,  G.  J. 

Kensett 

51 

i 

Neville,  R.  V 

Laurens  

21 

3 

Oloff,  L.  C 

Ireton  

28 

9 

Olson,  A.  It 

Thompson  

21 

Olson,  William  II 

Forest  City 

1 

11 

Ostrander,  C.  W 

Thompson  

16 

Palmer,  John  L 

Kalona 

10 

Pedley,  James 

Britt 

6 

1 

Phillips,  J.  W.,  & Sons 

Havelock 

17 

3 

Phillips,  Oscar 

Rolfe 

14 

H 

Quillan,  Phil  J 

W aukon  

27 

Reber,  Joel  D 

Wellman,  R 3 

13 

Reesee,  II.  C 

Prescott 

24 

12 

Rensberger,  Roy 

Parnell  

H 

Riebhoff,  Frank 

Algona 

28 

1 

Ring  Brothers 

N p.wt.nn  

33 

Robinson,  G.  A 

Thompson  

12 

Runchey,  W.  M 

West  Bend  

16 

g 

Saunders,  R.  E 

I.onerock  

15 

3 

Schauf,  II.  S 

Thompson  

25 

Sch mucker,  Edward 

Kalona  

12 

Schuerman,  G.  H 

Mt.  Pleasant  

22 

1 

Schuerman,  Leslie 

. do  

1 

Sheaffer,  M.,  jr 

Adel  

6 

2 

Slaubaugh,  Milton  C 

Kalona  

10 

Steffen,  B.  A 

Thompson  

4 

18 

Stenerson,  John 

Woden  

36 

Stofferson,  C.  N 

Harlan 

20 

7 

Swartzcndruber,  M.  D 

Wellman 

20 

Thorsen,  Thom 

Leland 

16 

Thorson,  John 

do  

19 

Troyer,  A.  F 

Kalona  

1 

15 

Turner,  F.  E 

Clemons  

30 

Weiland.  H.  J..&  Son 

Britt 

8 

6 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


25 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


• iowa— continued. 


Wertz,  S.  E 

Wheeler,  J.  L. . . 
Winter,  Sam . . . 

Woods,  F.  J 

Yoder,  EliS.... 
Yoder,  Jason  G. 
Yoder,  John  M. 
Yoder,  Noah  G. 

Young,  M.  J 

Ziegler,  Fred  L . 


Kalona 

Forest  City. . 
Thompson . . 

Newton 

Kalona,  R.  4 

Parnell 

do 

Wellman 

Sumner 

Algona 


15 


17 

1 


r 

1 


19 
8 

10 

1 

12 

10 

11 

10 

16 

20 


Abrahams,  E.  H 

KANSAS. 

. Emporia 

Ashcraft,  J.  W 

. Atchison. 

Anderson,  H.  S 

Holton  . 

Anderson,  H.  C 

. Americus 

Appleton  & Son,  G.  J 

. Maple  Hill  . 

Bayer,  Henry 

Quincy 

Breckbill,  J.  E 

. Detroit 

Baxter,  Jas 

Clay  Center 

Brown,  Loyd 

Oswego  

Bennett,  S.  W.  & T.  V 

Halls  Summit 

Coffman,  Ross  A.,  & Son.  .. 

Overbrook 

Cramer,  G.  W 

Lebo  . . 

Cunningham,  R.  H 

Harper 

Cartmill,  J.  G 

Atchison 

Coleman,  W.  R 

Lawrence 

Churchill,  H.  H 

Topeka . . . 

Bawdy,  D.  L 

Arrington  . . 

Dickson  & Son,  W.  T. . . 

Carbondale,  R 4 

Daily,  D 

Waverly 

Dust  on,  M.  Z 

W ashington 

Daily,  R.  B 

W averly 

Dews,  J.  W 

Osage  City 

Firestone,  W.  M 

Maple  Hill 

Fuhrman.  John v 

Lancaster 

Haymaker  M.  C.,  & Son 

Scranton,  R.  2 

Hathan,  Chas.,  & Son 

Scranton 

Heacock,  E.  E.,  & Son 

Hartford 

Jasperson,  V.  A 

Scranton 

Jewett,  E.  L.  & Sons 

Burlington  . 

Lovett,  Claud 

Neal 

Lyon,  H.  M 

Waverly 

Lumley,  J.  G 

Emporia,  R 8 

McLaughlin,  F.  C 

Waverly.  .. 

McLenon  Bros 

Everest 

Malyneaux,  W.  H ..  . 

Palmer. . . . 

-Malyneaux,  J.  A 

O’Dell,  Stephen  C 

Le  Roy 

Paton,  J.  E 

Winfield 

Russell,  Clayton 

Emporia 

Richardson,  I.  T 

Shown,  W.  A.. 

Americus 

Scholz,  C.  A 

Lancaster  .... 

Smith.  Chester  & Son 

Waverly  

Stegelm,  Ed 

Straight  Creek 

The  Glancvs 

Atchison,  R.  2 

Waits,  L.  C 

Cassody  . . . 

White,  C.  H 

Burlington 

Yinzer,  S.  A 

S afford  ville 

Belcher,  G.  B 

KENTUCKY. 

Glenwood 

Bowyer  Bros 

W in  Chester 

Butler,  J.  A 

Millersburg 

Calloway,  Joe 

Smithfield. 

Clement.  J.  J 

Fulton 

Cobb,  Phelps 

Danville 

Crawford  Bros 

Lebanon 

Dorsey,  L.  L. 

Anchorage 

Fischer,  Samuel,  & Son 

Elizabethtown  . . 

Gager,  C.  B 

Paris. 

12651°— 20 4 


27 


27 

7 

13 

4 

37 

4 

10 

12 

21 

11 

42 

2 

3 

10 

2 

47 

4 

8 

4 

15 

8 

10 

4 

2 

13 

6 

1 

11 

3 

23 

3 

7 

26 

6 

14 

7 

12 

5 

8 

6 

5 

4 

26 

21 

2 

72 

20 

25 

11 

7 

36 

6 

6 

3 

7 

6 

4 

g 

19 

7 

35 

7 

11 

12 

7 

3 

5 

7 

19 

8 

5 

7 

23 

36 

l 

26 

5 

86 

19 

13 

31 

14 

29 

20 

32 

15 

24 

15 

21 

49 

53 

30 

37 


8 

5 

8 

3 


3 

5 * 
3 


26 


Department  Circular  1W,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 


SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Kentucky — continued. 

16 

Uniontown 

10 

16 

18 

7 

11 

2 

do 

15 

4 

11 

6 

Elizabethtown 

16 

9 

13 

7 

30 

4 

8 

8 

4 

7 

12 

3 

21 

2 

Bedford 

21 

5 

St.  Matthews 



29 

LOUISIANA. 

r tjf  T> 

156 

5 

MAINE . 

10 

13 

X>  nine  Tirnthpi’Q 

Leeds  Center J 

18 

TVmrmc.  O TT1 

aterville 

5 

jjavies,  c.  i it 

T^nnViQTTl  TTqtvpv  "R 

Phillips 

4 

12 

TTIIiq  A H 

Fairfield . 

11 

1 

Tvill  Mrs  f|  O A Snn 

Phillips 

9 

2 

Ullly  1V1I  o . v . w . J 06  O Ull - - • 

T^onrlovonn  rrQrnpft 

Carmel 

16 

6 

_r  BHutJioUiij  udiiLcn 

TTrAcjf  Ppv 

Waterville 

1 

12 

North  Jay 

13 

24 

Macomber,  C.  0 

Aefynnd  PlaroTiPP  TT 

Frye  burg 

4 

10 

Piorpo  T / P, 

Weeks  Mills 

1 

20 

T)/\i'f  av  P T7 

Houlton 

5 

18 

Qliirlov  Ocpot* 

West  Houlton 

10 

4 

15 

'W ood,  Ross  A. - 

MARYLAND. 

"wr 

Silver  Spring 

28 

8 

Unnft  Mro  P P 

10 

WT-rrt  T> 

10 

T WT  P 

18 

lvoecnei,  

CJ+nti  + An  T TT 

do  

2 

11 

C+  cm  + /vn  WT  T1 

do 

5 

12 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Readville 

33 

Saltonstall,  Kobert 

MICHIGAN. 

Beland,  Claire  C 

Tecumseh 

10 

18 

3 

Davidson  & Hall 

11 

20 

Parmenter,  Amos 

MINNESOTA. 

A nl  Ttiot^I  f "R 



39 

Peterson 

6 

21 

Aarsvold,  Benjamin  ..................... 

Aarsvold,  Joseph 

Utica 

1 

35 

10 

Albers  Henry 

A 1 1on  WT  m T ) 

3 

19 

13 

Dawson 

37 

4 

Amundson,  Arnold  B 

20 

Anderson  Mrs  A P 

Anderson,  Elmer 

AnHorcmi  Tvpf 

Litchfield 

5 

28 

11 

Anderson,  Thco 

West  Concord 

19 

14 

27 

12 

2 

Archer,  A.  H.  & Son ■ 

1 

13 

Baarach  A Zimmerman 

Bain.  R.  J 

5 

7 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List.  27 

List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 -purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


Minnesota — continued. 


Bandas,  Frank 

Banfield  & Johnson 

Barner  & Johnson 

Barnett,  J.  C 

Barzen,  Matt 

Bennett,  Geo.  E 

Bergsrud,  A.  IP 

Bettinger,  Elroy. 

Bigelow,  Charles 

Bittner,  Arthur 

Blair,  L.  J 

Block,  William 

Blunt,  D.  A 

Borass  Brothers 

Borden,  H.  G 

Bothman,  C.  J 

Bowen,  S.  S 

Boyum,  Clarence 

Bratnober  & Oakley 

Brelje,  Herman 

Broadwater,  R . R 

Broadwater,  Sam 

Brown,  E.  L 

Budensick,  A.  W 

Bullard,  August 

Bunkowski,  Mrs.  Ludwig. 

Burckhardt,  Henry 

Burk,  F.  E 

Camery,  H.  W 

Camery,  Ross  W 

Campbell,  T.  A 

Carlson  Brothers 

Christensen  C 

Cole,  Benjamin 

Cole,  E.  L 

Cole,  Guy 

Conzemius,  J 

Conzemius,  N 

Cowan,  Hector 

Coyle  & Dillman 

Coyle,  J.  H 

Crandall,  Ezra  J 

Crickmore,  Wm 

Cummings,  Senator  James. 

Dahl,  M.  E 

Dammann,  F.  W 

Danek,  J.  D 

Danielson,  H.  H 

Davis,  Thos 

Demmer,  Peter 

Denistoun,  Thos.  M 

Deopere,  Rene 

Dickinson,  W.  F 

Dobelstein,  Clarence 

Doely,  C.  B 

Doely,  N.  I 

Domstrand,  John 

Donnay,  Frank 

Dovre,  Olaf 

Doyle,  Leo 

Eastman,  E.  C.,  & Son 

Eickhorst,  Ben 

Eid,  J.  H 

Eide,  Gilbert 

Ekberg,  F.  A 

Erickson,  Gust 

Erickson,  Herman 

Erickson,  Martin 

Estenson  Bros 

Etter,  Fred 

Evans,  Ed 

Evans,  Herbert 

Fausch,  C.  D 

Fausch,  Christ 


Biscay 

Austin 

Tenney 

Kilkenny 

Thief  River  Falls. 

Mora 

Spring  Grove 

Rock  Creek 

St.  Hilaire 

Winona 

Mora 

Hutchinson 

Litchfield 

Hallock 

Thief  River  Falls. 

St.  Hilaire 

Hancock 

Peterson,  R.  2 

Anoka 

Glencoe 

Preston 

do 

Hancock 

Zumbrota 

Glencoe 

Kent 

Russell 

Mora 

Worthington 

do 

Forest  City 

Hallock . . ! 

Thief  River  Falls . 

Canby 

Spring  Valley 

Mora 

Hastings 

do. 

Windom 

Harmony 

Canton. 

Morristown 

Owatonna 

East  Grand  Forks. 

Twin  Valley 

St.  Hilaire 

Glencoe 

Hendricks 

Lake  Crystal 

Caledonia 

Brooks 

Cambria 

Fairmont 

Winona 

Spring  Grove 

do 

Wylie 

Glencoe 

Minneota 

Chatfield 

Litchfield 

Morristown 

Montevideo 

Utica 

Herman 

St.  Hilaire 

Ogilvie 

Wylie 

New  Ulm,  R.  5. . . 

Courtland 

Cambria 

do 

Morristown 

do 


38 

1 

31 

13 

51 

7 

25 

1 

24 

7 

18 

10 

14 

18 

6 

6 

19 

58 

6 

25 

12 

12 

12 

8 

26 

29 

22 

16 

8 

9 

11 

5 

15 

14 

39 

14 

11 

36 

10 

23 

3 

3 

5 

16 

38 

2 

6 

15 

33 

8 

6 

10 

35 

6 

8 

32 

57 

9 

29 

6 

27 

2 

12 

8 

19 

29 

61 

9 

10 

14 

14 

12 

7 

4 

3 

20 

1 

15 

9 

6 

22 

15 

7 

13 

15 

8 

20 

13 

3 

18 

4 

26 

2 

2 

10 

53 

1 

2 

17 

19 

40 

11 

11 

15 

1 

15 

14 

10 

1 

9 

16 

ii 

21 

28  Department  Circular  1M,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners f 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN — Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Minnesota — continued. 

Ferrier,  Chas.  H 

Dover 

72 

Foslien,  Alfred  K 

Garfield 

34 

Freeman,  Geo.  W.  . 

Z umbrota. . . 

18 

(v 

Freese,  Arthur 

Marshall . . . 

43 

O 

Freese,  Ed 

....  do... 

15 

o 

French  & Smith 

Redwood  Falls 

23 

o 

2 

Furch,  R 

Gaylord,  R.  3 . 

10 

Gerhart  Bros.  (Note.— Farm  is  in  Min- 

Staceyville,  Iowa. . . 

3 

18 

nesota.) 

Gilbertson,  G.  G 

Utica,  R.  1... 

11 

Godfrey,  0.  I 

10 

7 

Gorder,  A.  S 

2 

14. 

Gorder,  C.  J 

it 

QQ 

Gould,  F.  C 

Fairmont . . 

2 

oo 

Gove,  B.  V 

Windom 

1 

o 

17 

Griffiths,  John  W 

New  Ulm 

15 

Gruenhagen,  Henry 

Glencoe 

30 

Gunn,  Charles 

Winona 

17 

Gustafson,  P.  J 

St.  Hilaire 

1 

38 

Hallstrom,  F,  A 

Wylie 

31 

Hancock, C.  E...  . 

Ch'atfield 

11 

Hanna,  W.  A.,  & Sons 

Maple  ton 

40 

6 

Hanson,  H.  J 

Dawson 

7 

18 

Harbo,  Carl  T 

Cambria 

1 

21 

Harm,  F.  H 

Norwood 

4 

29 

Harms,  J.  H.. . 

29 

Harrington,  E.  P 

Lamberton...  . 

5 

2 

Hartman,  Frank 

Fairmont 

4 

4 

Hartman,  Geo.  M 

Rose  Creek... . 

17 

28 

Hatz,  Adam 

Glencoe,  R.  1... 

1 

27 

Haune,  F.  G.  & Son. . . 

Waseca 

11 

25 

Hawkes,  A.  S 

21 

Hawley,  Jas.  W.  H. . 

Albert  Lea 

27 

Heckle,  John . . . 

Fairmont 

17 

4 

Hedlund,  John  . . . 

St.  Hilaire 

10 

Hedstrom,  Ellis 

Hoffman . . 

3 

17 

Heideman,  J.C 

Montevideo 

25 

g 

Hewitt,  George 

New  Ulm. . 

14 

Hohner.  Wm. 

St.  Hilaire. . 

22 

Hope,  I.  Q, 

Winnebago.. 

6 

1 

Hoyme,  H.  S 

Pipestone 

36 

4 

Hughes,  B.  D 

New  Ulm 

15 

Hughes,  Robert 

New  Ulm,  R.  5 

11 

Hultquist,  A . F 

Red  Wing 

20 

18 

Hunt,  S.  E . 

Thief  River  Falls 

10 

Ingals,  J.  0.. . 

Spring  Valley 

1 

19 

Jecke,  E.  G 

Wykoff... 

1 

14 

Jecke,  Otto. . 

10 

7 

Jensen,  Hans 

Hutchinson . 

31 

11 

Johnsboy, H.  M. . 

Star  buck.. 

22 

6 

Johnson  Bros. 

Atwater 

37 

6 

Johnson,  E.  G 

Litchfield . 

5 

21 

Johnson,  Ed.  N 

Hallock 

16 

Johnson,  Frank 

Sleepy  Eye 

9 

3 

Johnson,  Herman 

Peterson,  R.  2... 

7 

14 

Johnson,  Hjalmar 

Wvlie 

19 

Johnson,  John  J 

Utica 

21 

Johnson,  John  M 

Goodridge... 

13 

Johnson,  M 

Winona.  . 

10 

Johnson,  M.  E 

Havward . . . 

16 

6 

Johnson,  Oscar 

Coon  Creek 

1 

16 

Johnson,  S.  J 

St.  Hilaire. . 

3 

3 

Jones  Bros 

New  Ulm,  R.  5 

1 

20 

Jones,  John  F 

do 

20 

Jones,  R.  R 

Montevideo 

60 

Jones,  Thos.  C 

Lake  Crystal.  R 4. 

13 

Jordan  & Hanson 

Herman. . . 

51 

1 

Kaniksan,  John 

St.  Hilaire. . . 

18 

TTIricr  P P 

(Austin,  Farm  No.  2 

11 

2 

XVAll*-,  y JJ  . X 

(Austin,  Farm  No.  3 

11 

Kitterman,  B.  O 

Tracy 

10 

17 

Knoll,  Henry 

Winona..  .. 

32 

Knutson  Bros 

Lakeville. 

26 

Knutson,  Elliel 

9 1 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


29 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 


SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 


Koester,  F.  S 

Kramer,  Diedrick . 

Kreber,  John  L 

Kruse,  Christian. 


Address. 


Minnesota — continued. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Northfield 

Young  America. 

St.  Cloud 

Wylie. 


Landman,  Fred  - ■ " " " ! ! ! ! " ! ! J Black  River 

Lang,  George,  Meadowbrook  Stock  Farm. . Mapleton 

Larson,  G.  N Winnebago.' 

Lassen,  Hans | Glencoe. 


Le  Bessoniere,  Jeff ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Red  Lake  Fails 

Lee,  J.  B Waseca 


Lee,  Knute ' i ^ n 

Lefairre,  Octave Red  Lake  Fail's 

JLewis,  Clyde 


Lewis,  W.  M 

Lindahl,  P 

Lindgren,  Geo.  A 

Linquist,  Chas.  A 

Lindquist,  G.  A 

Lindquist,  Gunnard ' 

Lindquist,  Raymond  C 

Lindstrom,  Clarence 

Lloyd,  John  E 

Lofgren,  Renus 

Logan,  C.  M 

Lord,  Clarence  E 

Luehrs,  Henry " " " 

Lundberg,  Peter 

McAndress,  M.  L... 

McDonald,  J.  H 

Mclver  Bros 

MeMartin,  Perry 

McNellis,  Ed ’ . " ’ " 

Maas,  Adrian [ ’ 

Maguire,  James 

Marpe,  C.  P 

Mathews,  H.  E ’ ’ ' 

Meinen,  D.  J 

Meitrodt,  Gust 

Melin,  C.  A 

Meyer,  G.  H " ” [ " " 

Michael,  Louis 

Miller,  6.  J ..." 

Moen,  A.  J 

Moines,  E.  J 

Moore,  Geo.  M " " " 

Moore,  J.  H 

Moravec,  Anton " ‘ " ‘ " ‘ 

Moren,  Edward 

Morkassel,  G.  M 

Mornel  Stock  Farm 

Morris,  John  T 

Mortenson  Bros . . 

Mueller,  C.  H " " " " " 

Murphy,  F.  W 

Murphy,  Wm 

Musser,  J.  C 

Muzzie,  R.  L ] 

Myrah,  E . G 

Naplin,  John. . 

Nash,  M.  A 

Neill,  John 

Nelson,  Albert 

Nelson,  T.  C 

Neuman,  O.  C.,  Shady  Dell  Farm 

Nordlum  & Morris 

Norwood,  Chas.  F. . 

Nouneman,  Fred 

O’Connell,  P.  J 

O’Connor,  Tim " ’ ’ " " 

Oen,  Henry ’ 

O’Hara,  James 

O’Neil,  E.  B 

Oliva,  John 

Ortloff,  Chas " " ' 


Mora. 

Lake  Crystal,  R.  4 ! 

Hallock 

Hallock 

St.  Hilaire 

do 

do. 

Carver 

Shafer 

New  Ulm,  R.  5 

Ceylon 

Stewartville 

Glencoe 

do 

St.  Hilaire 

do 

Fisher 

Farwell 

Claremont 

Glencoe 

Faribault : 

Dawson 

Twin  Lakes 

New  Ulm,  R.  5 

Spring  Valley 

Caledonia 

Wylie 

Campbell 

Minnesota  City 

Winona... 

Starbuck 

Russell 

Jackson 

St.  Hilaire " 

Glencoe 

Wylie... 

Warren 

Albert  Lea 

Mapleton 

St.  Hilaire 

Big  Lake 

Wheaton 

Lakefield 

Fairmont 

Thief  River  Falls 

Spring  Grove 

Wylie ; 

Tracy 

Winona 

St.  Hilaire 

Albert  Lea 

Wheaton 

Middle  River 

Balaton 

Fairmont 

Glencoe 

Preston 

Thief  River  Falls . " 

Lanesboro 

Thief  River  Falls 

Hutchinson 

Glencoe,  R.  5 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


14 

27 
17 
34 
33 

4 

1 

2 

17 
26 

28 
43 

7 

12 

14 

8 
3.5 

18 
10 
13 

17 

15 
10 

8 

10 

42 

13 

18 
19 
11 

1 

23 
17 

9 

10 

12 

10 

6 

24 
10 
21 
32 

3 

4 

21 

10 

10 

15 


15 

5 

45 

15 

12 

1 

23 

7 

1 

28 

15 

9 

15 

6 

23 

32 

3 

23 

74 

i3 

12 

10 

16 

21 

2 

48 

4 

15 

7 

5 

10 

19 

11 

12 

5 

14 

48 

2 

10 

20 

9 

23 

30  Department  Circular  lkk,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Minnesota — continued. 

Glencoe 

14 

Otte  J 

Randolph 

19- 

3 

Thief  River  Falls 

. 6 

28 

18 

4 

Euclid 

06 

15 

14 

Redwood  Falls 

4 

16 

14 

Isanti,  R.  2 

1 

12 

PflfTnor  !r  R. 

Stillwater 

4 

10 

15 

Cambria 

1 

18 

do 

18 

13 

Thief  River  Falls 1 

12 

12  I 

22 



14 

St.  Paul 

22 

21  1 

48 

13 

44 

6 

20 

Mora. 

5 ! 

4 

Starbuck 

3 

26 

Clear  brook 

11 

Rios  Henry 

Wilson 

12 

17 

t>  in  trp  v 0!  nn 

Stewartville 

9 

5 

XviilJsC  J j Uil 

Ritter  JR  

Winnebago 

13 

9 

Roark  P W 

Thief  River  Falls 

12 

23 

t>  nV\PT*t  q TTln  npTi 

New  Ulm  

14 

Roelofs  John 

Preston 

1 

10 

Roese  W E 

Plummer 

21 

Rosdahl  T R - 

Bricelyn 

7 

I 14 

Roster  Mite  

Freeburg 

19 

9 

Roverud  C T 

Spring  Grove 

16 

6 

Roverud  H S 

do 

14 

3 

James  S - 

St.  Hilaire  

1 

20 

Ruddy  M L 

Lu  verne 

64 

T?nvjrj  Olaf 

do 

22 

9 

Pvfin  A C 

Red  Wing 

19 

1 

Sa°uffer  Elmer 

Morristown 

7 

18 

SanTn^nn  W C 

Litchfield 

3 

25 

Sandber0-  Ed 

Wahkon 

10 

QaTi prime  TnTin 

Motley 

18 

^phloePl  A A 

Le  Sueur 

16 

cp>i -m  i fl  t W m 

Albert  Lea 

1 

10 

QolirVlin  Swflfl 

Wylie 

15 

SipIvrnpHpr  W A 

Lambert 

25 

18 

Selland  Gilbert 

Caledonia. 

34 

5 

St.  Hilaire 

10 

OllUUpiIlctll^  xk.  - 

Simonson  Henrv 

do 

11 

Siverson  Bros  . 

Thief  River  Falls 

10 

Skjerpin°-  Tobias 

do 

5 

11 

Sklvzacek  Frank  A - 

Wheatland 

10 

15 

H TTpnS  . 

Thief  River  Falls 

3 

8 

Qvn  oil  TnVm  _ _ _ ... 

St.  Charles 

IS 

Steele  Bamov  T 

Alden 

4 

15 

Stephens  E H 

St.  Hilaire 

11 

Storrs  Chas  A 

Amboy 

ii 

11 

Suprenant  J oe  J 

Red  Lake  Falls 

l 

25 

Svanson  John  N 

G oodridge. 

i 

22 

Swanson  Alfred 

Ivanhoe 

7 

13 

Swanson  Arthur 

St.  Hilaire 

13 

Swanson  Bros 

W ylie 

13 

Taylor  T 13 

Mapleton 

16 

1 

Tpnrp  W Ti 

Hastings 

11 

Te^elis,  Antone 

Sedan 

5 

16 

Theiss  F 

Winona • 

14 

Thomas  ii  E 

Lake  Cr  ystal 

18 

Throndrud  & Sons  E A 

Dawson 

43 

9 

Thrush  H N 

Olivia 

10 

Thyrene,  E J 

St.  Hilaire 

l 

22 

Tiitney  D M 

Redwood  Falls 

12 

24 

Todd  & Son,  II.  P 

Altura 

34 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List, 


31 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Todd,  Thos.  L 

Minnesota — continued. 

26 

6 

6 

3 

Toothaker,  H.  G 

Fairmont 

Ufken,  Anthony 

Marshall . . . 

3 

31 

21 

12 

10 

17 

22 

2 

19 

14 
2 

15 
24 
19 
22 

University  Minnesota  Farm 

W aseca . 

Urdahl,  Christ. 

Goodridge. . . 

Vaaler,  Walter 

Spring  Grove  . . . 

Vaughen,  Morgen 

Goodridge 

Wagner,  J.  H 

Red  Lake  Falls 

2 

Waistad,  Andrew 

Garfield 

Ware,  E.  C 

14 

37 

6 

21 

Weber,  Albert  F 

Blue  Earth 

Weckwerth,  O.  C 

Weighill,  W.  A 

Welch,  Robert .. . 

Winona 

Wentzel,  Louie  A 

Wick,  J.  Henry 

1 

5 

34 

Wigley,  E.  E 

William  Bros • 

Lake  Crystal 

Kimball 

Williams,  Edwin 

Lake  Crystal,  R.  4 . . . . 

20 

14 
16 
13 
15. 
10 
21 

15 
9 

5 

12 

99 

Williams,  R 

Winter,  J.  A 

3 

1 

Zehnder,  John  J 

Lake  Crystal 

Zelicky,  Frank 

Hutchinson. 

Zencius,  W.  M 

Glencoe 

Zimmerman,  A.  P 

Spring  Valiev. 

Zinther,  PauL 

St.  Hilaire 

Zopfi,  Nick 

Champlin 

20 

12 

1 

22 

5 

61 

21 

9 

20 

15 

15 

8 

27 

25 

14 

14 

7 

14 

12 

24 

13 

12 

7 

24 
11 

25 

Baker,  W.  R 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Grenada 

Barklev,  LA 

Cotton  Plant  . 

Davis,  Jno.  W.  & Sons 

Natchez  . 

Harmon,  W.  D 

Gates  ville . 

Jones,  R.  W 

Grenada 

McCoy,  E.  E 

Flora 

Ormsby,  W.  T 

Natchez... 

Adair  County  Farm 

MISSOURI. 
Kirksville. . . . 

8 

13 

13 

42 

Allder  & Landers 

Stockton 

Arnold,  R.  Powell 

Williamsburg. . 

Austin,  W.  A 

Chillicothe 

Bailey  Bros 

Oregon . 

Baldwin,  Frank 

Plevna 

Barber  & Williams 

Skidmore 

8 

20 

1 

7 

c; 

4 

3 

Barnes,  R.  L.,  & Sons 

Clark 

Bedsworth,  Roy  0 

Portland 

Benz  Bros 

Sedalia 

Blakemore,  A.  C 

Walnut  Grove 

Burford,  J.  0 

Marshfield 

Cies,  A.  W.,  & Son 

Chillicothe 

Coghill,  E.  A 

Kirksville 

Crank,  J.  W 

Springfield..  . 

41 

13 

3 

8 

1 

11 

Dale,  I.  F 

Sheldon 

Donnell,  P.  E 

Waco 

Edwards,  J.  C 

Morrisville 

Elliott,  J.  D.,  & Son 

Kirksville. . 

Exler,  George  A 

Neeleys  Landing . . . 

Finlay,  W.  H 

Sturgeon 

9 

21 

13 

55 

4 

13 

12 

8 

Fisher  F.  C.,  & Son 

Rea 

4 

5 

Ford,  J.  N 

Sheldon 

Garrett,  W.  P 

Portland 

Gehrke,  E.  W 

Kirksville 

26 

41 

3 

35 

3.5 

13 

13 

1 

5 

32 

Glassey,  A.  A 

Cuba 

Glenn,  R.  H 

Tarkio 

Gray*  L.  W.,  & Son 

Green,  George  R 

Smithton 

Halliburton,  S.  M 

Cairo 

13 

1 

Hanebrink,  J.  H 

Cape  Girardeau 

Haman,  Ed.  A 

Hartley,  A.  W 

Stockton.  . 

21 

5 

3 

Henderson,  R.  J 

Purrlv 

Heuer,  G.  W Cape  Girardeau 

32  Department  Circular  1H,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Missouri — continued . 

Hobbs,  Lee 

12 

Hoehns,  H.  E 

11 

Homan,  II.  R 

do 

15 

Hope,  J . R 

Pocahontas 

12 

16 

Hudson,  H.  V 

12 

2 

Huff,  C.  D 

7 

10 

Hunter,  Frank  L 

11 

.6 

James,  tlarry 

13 

2 

Job,  J.  B . . 

25 

Kellev,  A.  H 

13 

3 

Kienninger,  M.  C 

10 

8 

Kies,  L.  E.,  & Sons 

14 

15 

Kin  Tread  E . E 

29 

12 

Kinkead^  G.  N 

. ...do  

22 

10 

Lagle,  George  E 

Millard 

8 

1 

Laur,  T.  A 

34 

24 

Love^  James  L 

33 

McCormick,  E . C 

16 

3 

McElfresh  Huey 

30 

Mclntvre,  A.  O..T 

24 

5 

Marbut,  (3 

9 

Marbut^  V.  H 

16 

1 

1 

31 

Mi  IT  i ken,  John  A 

13 

19 

g 

Miorelock,  J"  fe 

Greencastle 

16 

3 

Morelock,  W.  H.  E 

do 

10 

g 

NaumamDr.  0.  W 

Craig  . 

29 

16 

Nelson,  H.  R 

Walker 

12 

29 

Overton,  John  V 

Trenton 

14 

6 

Tar  kin , Felix  J 

Fredericktown 

9 

Patterson,  J.  M.,  jr 

Liberty 

14 

12 

Patterson,  T.  E 

Walnut  Grove 

13 

Randol,  L.  J 

Jackson 

12 

10 

Rankin,  John  A.,  jr 

Tarkio 

45 

2 

Rankin,  Ed.  F 

. .do  ... 

86 

7 

Richards,  J.  F 

1 Bevier.. 

14 

Roberts,  J.  F j 

Rea. 

30 

- 

Robertson,  Joe  H 

Armstrong  

H 

1 

Rudy,  George  F 

Smithton 

H 

Schluessing,  J.  A 

30 

Sherwood,  I.  V 

Huntsville  .... 

16 

29 

Simmons,  Lafe 

Macon  . . 

28 

Smith,  Bert 

Clark 

11 

1 

Smith,  Mrs.  P.  F 

Bunceton 

15 

Smith  & Jackson 

Purdy 

6 

21 

Steffey,  C.  R 

Craig 

10 

2 

Sunbarger,  J 

Tarkio 

27 

4 

Thomas,  E.  H 

Aurora 

14 

Triplett,  D.  F 

Sibley 

17 

13 

Tucker,  Elliott 

Perryville 

11 

8 

Turner,  W.  R 

Shelbyville 

37 

3 

Turner,  Cleve  D 

. . .do 

5 

2 

Volker,  H.  R 

Tarkio 

8 

4 

Watson,  G.  W 

Kirksville. 

34 

Welch,  E.  0 

Chillicothe 

19 

4 

Welden,  F.  C 

Portland 

6 

14 

Whiteside,  Ed.,  & Son 

Chillicothe 

26 

3 

Wilson  Farm 

Mansfield 

86 

4 

Wilson,  C.  A 

Tarkio  

23 

3 

Wilson,  C.  T 

Elmer  . . 

29 

Womack  Bros 

Fulton . . 

59 

Wood,  Denver 

New  London.. . 

18 

5 

W ood,  E . R 

Smithton 

11 

Wright,  Ernest 

Jacksonville  - 

14 

g 

Wright,  V.  N 

Walker 

15 

3 

Wright,  Charles  J 

Jacksonville  . . 

24 

3 

MONTANA. 

Allsop,  Ezra 

Bozeman 

Anderson  Bros 

Sioux  Pass.  . 

H 

17 

Canopis,  Nick 

Butte 

74 

Clark,  Guy  G 

Savage 

25 

32 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List, 


33 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Daiiev.  W.  E 

Montana — continued. 
Power . . 

1 

12 

18 

4 

13 

42 

50 

69 

46 

Deseliamps,  A.  R 

Missoula 

Downer,  A.  H 

Acton 

9 

5 
41 
12 
13 
4 

30 

12 

6 
1 

11 

17 
19 

18 

Eidum,  Halvor 

Elliott,  S.  F.,  & Son 

Salesville 

Hagan,  T.  F 

Jenkins,  T.  F 

Johnson,  Hans 

Belt 

Kastien,  A . W 

Beach,  N.  Dak.  (ranch  in  Montana) 

Kellar,  Sam 

13 

7 

7 

Larsen,  A . Th 

Dagmar 

Lever,  A.  J 

Billings 

McCann on, J. L 

Huntley 

Miller  Development  Co 

Wisdom 

13 

11 

O’Connell,  C.  L 

Ivalispell 

Oftedahl,  Sven 

Glendive 

Price,  J.  C 

Conrad 

21 

44 

34 

5 
24 

6 

Sales  & Dickson 

Salesville 

91 

6 

13 

2 

4 
58 
17 

5 
2 
4 

7 
4 
4 

6 

8 
10 
11 

Sexmith  Ranch 

Hobson. .. 

Sidebottom,  E.  E 

Acton 

Thompson,  Knute 

Froid 

Ueland , R . R 

Antelope. . . 

Vaux  & Upton 

Sidney 

Wolfskill  & Mangier 

Molt 

20 

8 

26 

9 

36 

9 

62 

60 

7 

12 

42 

11 

Ahlschwede,  Fred 

NEBRASKA. 

Milford 

Anderson,  J.  A 

Beaver  Crossing 

Anderson , Walter 

Andrews , Thos . . . 

Cambridge 

Asmus,  Emil 

Dorchester . . 

Axtell,  J.  A 

Fairbury 

Bailey,  H.  H 

Ord • 

Barth,  H.  E 

York..  

Bliss,  L.  E 

Alliance 

Boesiger,  David 

Cortland . . . 

Burbank,  H.  H 

Filley 

Burklund,  Fred 

Verona 

20 

2 

Callaway,  C.  B 

Fairbury.... 

30 

38 

30 

11 

11 

22 

1 

51 

Carper,  J.  F 

Harvard 

Chaffin,  Edgar 

Kilgore 

30 

2 

1 

4 

14 

1 

14 

1 

4 

Coatnev,  L.  W 

Utica 

Croft,  W.  J.,  & Son... 

Foster 

DeBoer,  J.  W.. 

York 

Fetzner,C.  D.,  & Son 

Falls  City 

Ficke,  C.  D.  & Son 

Pleasant  Dale. 

Fitch,  W.C 

McCook 

Fixemer,  Adolph 

Geneva 

33 

29 

9 

10 

59 

6 

5 
15 
31 

17 
1 
1 

18 
27 
13 

6 
1 

15 
8 
25 
18 
20 
24 
52  . 

Foster,  E.  J 

York 

French,  C.  M... 

Arlington 

French,  E.  C 

Fremont.. 

3 

Gelston  Bros 

Elk  City 

Gross,  Geo 

Sutton 

Grosshaus,  J.  C 

2 

3 

1 

7 

11 

12 

Harrell,  W.C 

Hastings . . . 

Hays,  E . J 

York 

Humphries,  T.  F. . 

Culbertson 

Johnson,  Godfrey 

Harvard . 

Kelley,  C.  W.... 

McCook . 

Koenig,  A.  L 

Spencer 

McCarthy,  C 

Y ork 

McCarthy,  Jerry 

3 
2 

16 

5 

4 
27 

3 

McKelvie,C . H 

Lincoln 

McKinney,  W.  H 

McCook 

Miller,  C.  A 

Wymore  . 

Miller,  Dan 

Milford 

Miller,  M.  M 

Wymore 

Mosely,  P.  F 

do  . . 

Myers,  W . A 

Seward . 

Nebraska  School  of  Agriculture. . . 

Curtis . 

Pierce  Bros 

Atlanta 

Plunket,  Zeno 

Papillion 

20 

13 

Pospisil,  Wm 

Dorchester 

8 

34  Department  Circular  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHO  RTHORN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  on 
without  i 

Pure- 

bred. 

ee  tested 
reactors. 

Grade. 

Nebraska— continued. 

St.  Edward 

73 

20 

Rpid  W TT 

Edgar 

6 i 

6 

Walton 

19 

16  j 

3 

.do 

'27 

4 

Milford „ 

22  | 

Fullerton 

16  I 

3 

Be  Witt 

20  ! 

1 

Wymore 

3 ! 

17 

.do 

17 

2 

46  S 

9 

17 

Milford 

19 

12 

.do 

14 

do 

17 

7 

Red  Cloud 

4 

5 

Burton 

8 

17 

TegW  t’.T 

Meadow  Grove 

28  ; 

5 

York 

32 

8 

"Wan-pr  TT  F, 

Lincoln 

9 

30 

White  L F 

York 

26 

1 

Willey  C R 

Liberty 

19 

3 

Fairfield 

9 

NEVADA. 

A TTI  Q W T? 

Genoa - 

32 

Rfmn  

26 

A llprrrmn  "R'  A 

Gardnerville 

40 

A nHprQnn  Tno  P 

Reno,  Grand  Central  Hotel 

11 

Allnm  C l\f 

Yerington . i 

22 

T3a]oi  Ancnlrv 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  31 

11 

Banta  H A 

Reno,  box  318 

19 

"RflVpr  ’ TT  TT 

Reno.  R.  2 

54 

DQiiCi  rn  XX.  XJ  

Rncen  Prfmlr 

Reno,  344  West  Sixth 

13 

X)COoUj  X I UJJ.A 

"Rnl  I n-nfi  n i A 

Sparks,  box  868 

19 

JJ  tUItJll  LIXil  j xx  - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  -- 

T3'i«ua  (y-nn  T P 

Reno,  R.  2,  box  52 

11 

PlrjpV  M 

Sparks 

21 

T5i-i|i  Vi r* tor 

Gardnerville 

11 

Ctotti pfti  PI 

Yerington.... 

11 

vitillolll)  x>.  -LJ ------------- 

Cook  Frod 

Genoa 

69 

T") 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  11 

37 

Pqttqvtc  P f(r  Tnhn 

Reno. 

11 

\^d>ydiL  1U.  1j  . cy  j ujxii  - --  --  --  --  - -------- 

Cocoa  "Pin  Ar 

Reno,  R.  2,  box  32 

22 

voiOl/U*  X lvj  tv  X/UllcHl. 

Reno,  R.  2,  box  29 

15 

CrQlliffni  fir  T iPTl  1 

Sparks,  box  162 - - - 

13 

VTdilll^clIi  Cx  JLJKsU  l ------- 

r'ifiT’lr  "W  M 

Reno,  R. 2 

49 

VV  . ±Vx - ------------- 

("'on P, 

Verdi,  box  46 

13 

(^0Q077Q  Top 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  45 

12 

PqIIqViqti  T*i m pq  rP 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  47 

37 

V^dilld/IIclll,  J O/lllCO  x......... --- 

PhriQtPTi^nTi  .T  TT 

Reno 

11 

PnrhciTii  P P 

V erdi 

12 

U LLL I Id.  ill,  X . - - - - 

TVn  Q auijq  1NJ  T 

Reno,  box  113 

37 

Sparks,  box  118 

15 

T>  olio  rn  n d q 1 on  Trio 

Femley 

18 

u iiU  . - . 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  82 

35 

Sparks,  box  446 

12 

P/irrith  T.nni^ 

Reno,  box  382 

22 

PAri’ori  "D 

Reno,  R.2. 

10 

X'  cl  I <11 1,  1/  - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  - 

Pnlctnn  P Phtl?  F, 

Carson  City 

28 

X1  IxlolUIlCj  v^llcto.  xj  - - 

Pcirrpf  tn  P, 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  55-A 

14 

Porrpfti  T np 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  36 

20 

PrpitnQ  PrnQ 

Yerington 

39 

nor fncrl in  T^pfor 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  58 

i 

11 

H.O  orp  T£*  Q 

Smith. 

40 

Pin  rf\  olio  "\rir>lf 

Reno,  box  125 

11 

Pq rd  ol  1 o T.  Ar  1 ,n(TQ  m o «si  n Pr 

Verdi  box 2 

18 

v ra-1  Clcild/j  xj.  Cv  lc*j  VJ-  - --  --  --  --  -- 

rirncp  Pon 

Reno,  R.  2 

26 

PIapV  Pnn 

Minden 

19 

Psnil 

Verdi 

| 

38 

Gariwocke,  Gerafma 

Huffaker * 



11 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


35 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Ginocchio,  Nick 

Nevada— continued. 
Reno,  R.  1,  box  41 

Holcomb  Estate  Co 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  49 

Heinsolh,  Richard 

Shericlan 

46 

Hellwinkel,  John 

Gardnerville 

1 

15 

1 n 

Hellwinkel,  H.  C 

Hansen,  H 

Verdi 

zz 

14 

11 

17 

23 
11 
11 
11 
34 
21 

18 
14 
50 
10 
18 

47 
11 
11 
14 
44 
30 

17 

19 

20 
11 
12 

48 
20 

24 
11 
10 

25 

26 

18 
19 
19 
10 
23 
14 
50 

Hillbum,  J.  II 

Yerington 

Hansen,  Frank,  jr 

Jacobsen,  M 

Gardnerville 

I 

Johnson,  H 

Minden 

| 

Jacobsen,  C.  W 

Jones,  H.  I 

Sheridan 

Jones,  D.  L.,Co 

Gardnerville 

Jacobi,  B.  A 

Reno,  box  12 

Kremfnel,  C.  H 

Yerington 

Knemeyer,  Edward 

Kietzke,  Albert 

Kennedy,  Wm.  M 

Verdi,  box  83 

Lombardi,  Giulio 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  52 

Laughton,  A.  L 

Verdi,  box  139 

Lagaros,  Mike 

Ruth 

Lainpe,  H.  C 

Gardnerville 

Lucketti,  G.  B 

Reno,  R . 2 

Lembers,  Geo 

Sparks,  box  167 

McCloud,  D.  R 

Yerington 

Mortenson  Bros 

Verdi 

Matter,  Jno 

Reno,  R.  2 

Mouro,  M.  P 

Reno,  box  728 

Motleys,  Pete 

Sheridan i 

Marsh,  H.  E 

Reno,  box  396 

Madelini,  J.  D 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  51 

Ormahea,  Joe 

Reno,  box  42 

Park,  Joe 

Sheridan 

Park,  Clarence 

Gardnerville 

Parosole,  Lo 

Reno,  R.  1 

Parosole,  J.  H 

do 

Pezzi,  D 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  54. . . . 

Pechetti,  Frank 

Reno,  R.  1,  box  46 

Rosasco,  C 

Reno,  R.  2 

Ruth  Dairy  Co 

Ruth,  box  211 

Riemann,  John  C 

Gardnerville.. 

Rodgers  Ranch 

Lovelock 

Schact,  H.  Wm 

Yerington 

Sciaroni,  A 

do 

Short,  W.  C 

Reno,  216  East  Liberty  Street.  143 

Yerington 

Scassa,  Antone 

39 
31 
16 
14 
55 

19 

20 

14 
24 
24 

15 
12 
10 

243 

40 
10 

5 

13 

19 

36 

11 

11 

12 

Schreck  Bros 

Smith 

Semenza,  A 

Sparks,  box  439 . 

Stodieck,  J.H 

Gardnerville 

State  Prison  Farm 

Carson 

Sundin  B.  E 

Reno,  box  439 

Schneider,  Joe 

Carson  City 

Scassa,  Mrs.  Ernest 

Sheridan 

Settlemeyer,  H.  W 

Gardnerville 

Smith,  Roy 

Franktown 

Thompson,  P.  T 

Reno,  box  32 

Tiedge.  H 

Gardnerville 

Tholke,  J.  D 

Thuiesen,  C.  T 

V erdi 

Thran,  D 

Gardnerville .... 

Tran,  Wm 

do 

University  of  Nevada  Animal  Husbandry 
Department. 

Wehrman,  H.  W 

Reno 

14 

Gardnerville 

White,  C.  C 

Sheridan 

Yrilearren,  Martin 

Reno,  general  deliver}' 

Yori,  Maria 

Reno,  R.  2,  box  16 

Zolazzi,  Jerry 

Huffaker 

Barnes,  Herbert  M 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Lyme  Center. . 

11 

11  . 

Melanson,  George  W 

Intervale 

36  Department  Circular  1H,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  Located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Name. 


Address. 


Pure- 

bred 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Tharp,  Charles  D. 


Bloomsbury 


NEW  YORK. 


Lafler,  E.  E 


Penn  Yan. 


15 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


Banks,  Charles . . 
Bernhardt,  R.  L. 

Brown,  Fred 

Brown,  Roy  T... 

Cansler,  E.  T 

Cooper,  G.  T 

Gwyn,  T.  L 

Mann,  J.  B.,  jr. . 

Maim,  Jno.  B 

Mann,  J.  F 

Rice,  J.  Winston 
Wells,  Otto 


Asheville 

Salisbury . . . 
Leicester — 

do 

Charlotte 

Whittier 

Springdale . . 
Canton,  R.  1 

Canton 

do...... 

Big  Laurel.. 
Leicester 


16 


11 

6 

19 


2 


15 

1 

20 

15 


5 

2 

26 

12 

26 

8 

14 


NORTH  DAKOTA. 


Adcock,  Wm 

Agnew,  D.  J 

Ahl,  John 

Amenia  & Sharon  Land  Co. 

Anderson,  A.  M 

Anderson,  Austin 

Anderson,  Chas 

Anderson,  Elmer  P 

Anderson,  F.  S 

Anderson,  H.  T 

Anderson,  J.  E 

Anderson,  Olaf 

Anderson,  O.  M 

Anderson,  Theo.  S 

Andrews,  F rank 

Angevine,  A 

Archer,  Ralph  P 

Arnold,  Ray 

Asbjornson,  Hans 

AshwellBros 

Atherton  & Devore 

Auka,  Martin 

Aune,  Jonn 

Axvig  Alfred  O 

Axvig,  John 

Axvig,  Mrs.  Knute 

Axvig,  Ole 

Baanna,  Harold 

Back,  Ole 

Bader,  William 

Bailey,  J.  N 

Bairtsch,  Chris 

Balder  & Colony 

Baron,  E.  J 

Bartholmay,  P.  A 

Bass,  J.  E 

Beasley,  Frank 

Beastrom,  E.  O 

Beck,  Dan 

Beck,  John  A 

Belcher,  G.  W 

Bengtson,  A 

Benson,  Bernard 

Benson,  W.  N 

Berg,  L.  E 

Berge,  E.  B 

Bergsnor,  Olaf 

Bergson,  O.  E 

Bergsrud,  Andrew 

Berndt,  Herman 

Bernson,  George  R 


Valley  City . . . 

Wildrose 

Denhoff 

Amenia 

May  ville 

St.  John 

Amenia 

Maddock 

Leal 

Bisbee 

Maddock 

Grandin 

Milton 

Dazey 

Kenmare 

Marion 

Finley 

Ambrose 

Maddock 

Williston 

Devils  Lake... 

I Bisbee 

Milton 

J Edinburg 

I do 

j Milton 

I do 

Maddock 

Bisbee 

Zeeland 

Bartlett 

Marion 

New  Rockford 

McClusky 

Leonard 

. Greene.. 

. Fairdale 

Hazelton 

. Grandin 

. McClusky 

. Devils  Lake.. . 

. Greene 

. Maddock 

. Sawyer 

. Bisbee 

. Cathay 

. Bottineau 

. Esmond 

do 

. Hankinson 

, Edinburg 


I 


1 

8 

9 

1 

5 


1 

1 


1 


3 

5 

5 

3 

18 


11 

. 8 


2 

8 

11 

1 

3 


15 

8 


2 

2 

3 


14 


3 

1 


1 

9 


15 

8 

11 

53 


16 

12 

11 

18 

15 
10 
21 

16 
35 

5 

13 

28 


13 
6 

20 

14 

14 
11 
34 
43 

15 
11 
10 
13 
18 


25 

14 
27 

3 

3 

15 
10 
22 
18 
11 
11 

1 

11 

11 

15 

15 

11 

8 

25 


Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List , 


37 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN-Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Berthensen,  H 

north  Dakota — continued. 
Merrifield 

10 

13 

20 

15 

20 

Blumer,  Paul  W 

Walcott 

I 

Blumer,  Wm 

Boeltoher,  C.  O 

New  England. 

Borsinger,  John 

Bisbee 

Braeside  Hamilton  Stork  Co  . 

Rugby 

19 

Braithwaite,  Tom 

Esmond 

14 

13 

14 

Brakke,  Albert 

Wild  Rice 

Brakken,  John 

Horace : 

Brandt,  TV  m. 

9 

Breileir,  Fred 

Verona 

11 

23 
9 

27 

21 

24 

17 
13 

18 
15 

Broe,  H.  G 

York 

2 

8 

1 

Brooks,  C.  E 

Temvik. 

Brown,  M.  J 

Brown,  Mrs.  R 

Devils  Lake 

Brunesdale,  G.  E 

Mayville 

1 

14 

i 

Bryant,  W.  L 

Budrow,  Vere 

Greene 

Amenia  . . 

Bultema,  Harry 

j 4- 

4 

10 

25 

i 

Burleson,  A.  W 

Burgess,  C.  E 

Burk,  A.  T 

2 

Burk,  John 

Juanita 

Clifford 

Burkholder,  J.  P 

10 

10 

Burleson,  E 

Kensal 

Byram,  tV.  C . 

Wheatland 

Crary 

9 

4 
7 
1 

5 

Calderwood,  Geo 

13 

6 

10 

17 

10 

10 

41 

16 

Calderwood,  J.  G . . 

Carlson,  A.  J.  . . 

Wheatland 

Carlson,  Alfred 

Lakota. . 

Castlemon,  Bert 

Bantry 

Christensen,  Knut 

Kensal . 

10 

6 

Christenson,  A 

Oakes 

Christianson,  Ed 

Fargo 

Clevan,  Mrs.  T 

Landa  . 

5 

Cockburn,  W.  C 

Webster 

22 

8 

12 

19 

48 

14 

Coffev,  J.  A 

Jamestown 

11 

43 

3 

Cole,  H.  F....  

McHenry 

Colebank  Bros 

Brocket 

Collins,  I.  N 

Amenia 

Colwell,  D.  H 

Gardner 

1 

Colwell,  S.  P. . . 

do 

Cooper,  H.  J.. 

Hillsboro 

10 

Cooper,  Wm.. 

Lakota 

10 

27 

3 

17 

16 

12 

Cotner,  J.  W 

Flasher 

Coughlin,  Mrs.  G.  j 

Councilman,  John . . 

Columbus.. '. . . 

8 

Kensal 

Crow,  L.  J 

Goodrich. 

Cummings,  F.  H . . . 

Devils  Lake... 

Curry,  Sam.. . 

Mercer . . 

9 

15 

Cuypers,  Leo 

Dickey. . 

23 

19 

10 

12 

9 

12 

16 

2 

19 

15 

8 

Daub,  Wm 

Enderlin 

Davidson,  R.  E . 

Bartlett. 

2 

Davis,  S.  S 

Starkweather . 

Dawson,  C.  B ... 

Guelph 

8 

5 

De Haven,  J.  J 

Garrison . . 

De Haven,  W.  D 

DeMears,  Frank 

Carpenter 

9 

DeNault,  C.  E 

Jamestown. 

Dermis,  A.  T 

Detwiler  Bros 

Cooperstown 

14 

7 

Didier,  Joe 

Sanborn 

Dietlein,  Peter 

Braddock . . 

14 

14 

34 

9 

10 

3 

11 

Discher,  Fred 

Leonard. . 

1 

Dittman,  C.  F 

McGregor. .. 

Doyle,  E.  J 

Penn  . . 

7 

5 

12 

4 

7 . 

Dry  burg,  George 

Emerado.. 

Duffey,  Bernard..  . 

Esmond 

Einerson,  F.  M 

Mountain 

Eisenlohr,  F.  L 

Havana 

Elton,  Oscar 

Carrington . . 

18 

20 

11 

14 

Enebo,  J.  H 

Pekin 

1 

Erickson,  Andrew 

Esmond 

Erickson,  E.  A 

Portland 

3 

38  Department  Circular  lb 4,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure- 

bred. 

Grade. 

Erickson,  Jonas 

north  Dakota— -continued. 

Kulm ; 

16 

Erickson^  Knute 

Petersburg 



16 

Erickson  Bros . . . 

Bisbee 

15 

Eslinger,  John. . 

Fredonia 

31 

Evans,  1.  W.  - 

Michigan 

2 

22 

Eveningson,  E.  M . 

Casselton 

5 

9 

Cando 

17  1 

Carrington 

15 

Milton 

16 

do 

11 

do 

20 

do 

13 

Edinburg 

13 

Flynn,  Robt 

Fairview 

15 

Foster,  R.  C 

Williston 

23 

2 

Verona 

10 

Braddock 

5 

11 

Horace 

10 

Esmond 

8 

6 

Carrington 

3 

23 

Gabbard,  P.  O ... 

Amenia 

10 

Gedrose,  T 

Cathay 

9 

20 

Buchanan 

17 

Milton 

15 

do 

1 

22 

Glasscock,  N.  J 

Watford  City 

13 

GlenPeld  Hardware  Co 

Glenfield 

10 

5 

Goldberg,  J.  H 

Horace 

17 

Goodman,  Jonas 

Bantry 

6 

13 

Goodrich,  H.  L. . . 

New  Rockford 

4 

33 

Graber,  Jacob 

Mylo 

17 

Grahm,  Ott. 

Crary 

1 

13 

Graves  & Co. 

Carrington 

10 

7 

Gray,  0.  B . . 

Page 

11 

Gronset,  John . . 

Milton 

| 

20 

Gunhus,  Edroy 

Edinburg 

12 

Hagen,  Jver 

Rolla 

16 

Hamcs,  Christena 

McClusky 

i 

18 

Hall,  H.  B . 

Sheyenne 

2 

11 

Hallquist,  P.  P 

New  Rockford 

13 

Halsten,  Oscar 

Fargo 

5 

8 

Halvorsen,  Theo  . 

Horace 

11 

Halvorson,  H.  L 

Minot 

69 

Halvorson,  H.  S 

McHenry 

70 

3 

Hammer  Bros 

Cooperstown 

59 

4 

Hanks,  J.  J) 

Werner 

22 

19 

Hansen  A.  H 

Fillmore 

12 

Hanson,  Marcus  P 

Towner 

11 

Harleman,  T.  E 

Driscoll 

15 

6 

Harrington,  H.  G 

Page 

6 

Haselkaas,  Hans 

Milton 

28 

Hector,  M 

Fargo 

34 

Hedberg,  S.  A 

Donnybrook 

13 

Hedberg,  Axel 

Carpio 

10 

Hellar,  Ole  & Christ 

Williston 

21 

Helgeson  Carl 

Enderlin 

15 

Hellesvig  J.  M 

Maddock 

4 

19 

Henderson,  P.  W' 

Enderlin 

1 

12 

Herseth  H 0 

Milton 

15 

Hertwig  Adolph 

Amenia 

11 

Herzberg  yvm 

Valley  City 

16 

Hcwson  A M 

Wimbledon 

1 

10 

Hicks  L 0 

Hickson 

12 

TTig gens  Pa,u  1 

Sarles 

8 

Hofstrand  C.  H 

Brinsmade 

47 

2 

Hokanson  A 0 

Kensal  

14 

Holden  Ole 

Hampden 

Devils  Lake 

21 

Hollo  Bros 

19 

Hollin  Andrew 

Maddock 

1 

12 

Holm  Nels 

Kensal 

6 

Holm  P K 

Pekin 

5 

30 

Home  J ohn  1 j 

Penn 

5 

21 

Hoopc’s,  W.  E 

Carrington 

1 17 

5 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List . 


39 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  ffro.de  cuttle , showing  owners , 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


north  Dakota — continued. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Pure-  | 
bred. 


Grade. 


Hoopes  & Sompson 

Hoover,  John 

Horrock,  Duncan 

Hovde,  Ludvig  O 

Hunter,  Dave 

Hunter,  W.  A 

Huso,  A.  O 

Ingebo,  A.  O 

Ingles,  John 

Ingulsrud,  Ben 

Jackson,  H.  C 

Jacobson,  Hilmar 

Jeardon,  P.  H ' 

Johanson,  Ole 

Johnson,  A.  M 

Johnson,  Arnold 

Johnson,  B.  P 

Johnson,  C.  A 

Johnson,  C.  O 

Johnson,  Emil 

Johnson,  Geo.  P 

Johnson,  J.  C 

Johnson,  Mrs.  J.  C 

Johnson,  J.  W 

Johnson,  Martin 

Johnson,  P.  H 

Johnson,  Peter 

Jones,  John 

Jones,  W.  H 

Karkbraaten,  El  ling 

Ketwig,  Mrs.  C 

Kiblinger,  J.  A 

Kleppe.R.  O 

K,lem,  Roman 

Klipstein,  A.  H 

Kluck,  Charley 

Knappe,  Edward. .' 

Kolden,  Peter  J 

Kovar,  A...-. 

Kops  & Lehtinin 

Korn,  Charles 

Komkven,  Anton 

Kristenson,  N.  B 

Krokan,  John 

Krook,  R 

Kuch,  John 

Kurtz  Bros 

Kynoch  & Young 

Lake,  Henry 

Laleum,  A.  P 

Laleum,  P.  O. . 

Lamb,  J.  S 

Landsborough,  H 

Larson,  Carl 

Larson,  Mrs.  Lavinia 

Larson,  L.  J 

Larson,  Nels  L 

Laske,  Carl 

Lebeck  Dairy  & Stock  Farm 

Ledene  & Lundquist 

Lee,  James  A 

Lee,  J.  A ’ 

Lees,  Nor  man 

Lees,  Norman  & Will 

Legge,  Aaron 

Leonhardy  Bros 

Letson,  M.  E 

Lichty,  E.  B 

Liebig,  August 

Lien,  O 

LindahJ,  Harry ” . ” 

Lindstrom,  John  A 

Lindtwed,  S.  N 

Lizotte,  Stephen 


Woodworth 

Petersburg. 

Milton 

McGregor . . . 

Esmond 

do 

Crosby 

Harvey 

Walhalla. . . . 

Milton 

Flasher 

Maddock. . . 
McClusky... 

Agate 

Esmond 

Fullerton 

North  wood. 
Williston . . . 
McGregor . . . 

Amenia 

Fullerton . . . 

Mandan 

New  Salem. 
Wild  Rice.. 

Perth 

Jamestown. . 
McGregor... 

Garske 

Hunter 

Esmond 

Devils  Lako . 

Oberon 

Kintyre 

Merricourt. . 

Menoken 

McClusky... 

Oakes 

Roseglen 

Flasher 

Lawton 

Marion 

Souris 

Bisbee 

do 

Fullerton. .. 

Driscoll 

Hazelton 

Perth 

Devils  Lake. 

Maddock 

do 

Michigan 

Park  River . . 

Greene 

Sheldon 

Bisbee 

Zahl 

Leonard 

Fair  view 

Powers  Lake 

Aneta 

Crary 

Buchanan . . . 

do 

Forest  River. 

Williston 

Ellendale 

Cando 

Denhoff 

Bisbee 

Maddock 

Denhoff 

Milton 

Belcourt 


14 


1 

1 

18 

11 

4 


1 

15 

12 

1 


1 


7 


1 


10 

1 


3 

5 


1 

9 


8 

10 


7 


3 

9 

9 


18 

8 

18 

20 

3 

11 


23 

1 


6 


10 

19 

11 

13 
17 
11 
23 
15 

14 
10 
12 
13 

3 
21 
13 
30 

7 

4 
25 
10 
27 


12 

.22 

19 

12 

13 
17 
12 

14 
17 
10 

1 

10 

10 

17 
2 

14 

14 

46 

9 

10 

13 

33 

28 

4 

13 

18 
10 
13 

4 


15 
18 
14 
10 

24 
18 

8 

6 

10 

16 
8 

1 

20 

10 

26 

13 

7 

25 
19 


40  Department  Circular  1M,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture . 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  on 
without 

Pure- 

bred. 

ice  tested 
reactors. 

Grade. 

north  Dakota — continued. 

Locken,  Ingebright 

1 

11 
1 n 

Lofland,  M.  L.  A. 

Clifford 

4 

Long,  John 

Page 

1U 

04 

Lorentzen,  Gustave 

Fillmore 

4*i 

1 o 

Lorenz,  Jos 

Nekoma 

±4 

11 

Loudon,  F.  C 

1 

11 

OQ 

Louski/j.  D 

Kensal 

45 

1ft 

Luddeke,  H 

Oriska 

10 

17 

Luhman,'  Geo 

2 

i / 

in 

Luhman,  John  F 

do . 

5 

1U 

IQ 

Lundeby^F.  T 

Tolna 

11 

1 o 
1 K 

Lunden^  Mans  J 

Roseglen 

3 

ID 

17 

Lunden,  John  J 

do 

1 

19 

Lvkken^  Hans  0 

1 7 

Lvkken,  Joe  O 

1 / 

1 1 

Lykken^  Teddy 

11 

IQ 

4 

lo 
1 A 

McConnell,  H 

Bowesmont 

10 
1 1 

McKay,  Mrs.  Norman 

Milton 

11 

in 

Wild  Rice 

1U 

1 1 

McKinny,  L.  C 

5 

A 

McLaurin,  Herb 

1 

0 

1 

McLeod,  I).  M 

ID 
1 ^ 

McLeod,  D.  S 

ID 

14 

McMillan,  A 

McVille 

in 

McMurray,  H.  G 

Edmore  . 

g 

1U 

ii 

McRae,  J.  L 

Wat.ford  City ■_  . 

15 

Major,  Chas 

Hillsboro 

20 

9 

Mandigo,  W.  W 

Braddock 

1 

4 
9 n 

Mandy,  John  G 

Devils  Lake 

1 

4\J 

Marcelin,  George 

Olga 

6 

oo 

15 

Martin,  C.  B 

Lankin 

7 

Martin,  Helen 

Halsted 

1 

1 1 

Martin,  L.  H 

Wheatland 

1 1 
15 

Martin,  Moses 

Sykes  ton 

8 

g 

Matheson,  Peter 

Milton 

16 

Matthey,  Chas 

Amenia 

12 

Maulsbv,  Carl 

Sykeston  

10 

g 

May  land,  Edwin 

Fargo  

13 

Mennie,  Earl 

Bottineau 

34 

Meyer,  Henry 

Pingree  

7 

Midbo,  John 

Edinburg. 

12 

Midbo,  Oscar 

13 

Middlebrook,  A.  W 

Hanover 

6 

g 

Miller,  H.  H 

Fargo 

11 

Mitchell,  D.  C 

Courtenay 

13 

Moeller,  Geo.  P.  & E.  A 

Hettinger  

9 

3 

Molitor,  John - 

Brinsmade 

10 

Q 

Montgomery,  Robt.  A 

Harvey 

12 

Montgomery,  W.  A 

Fullerton  _ ■ 

3 

23 

Moore,  C.S 

Hope  

26 

Moore  & Graves 

Carrington •„ 

10 

Moris,  George 

Pembina 

1 

11 

Morrill,  A.  D 

Fairview 

8 

3 

Morison,  M.  A 

Milton 

2 

10 

Morrison,  C.  R 

Neche 

1 

10 

Mosley,  W.  J 

Dickinson . . . 

9 

4 

Mourn,  Philip 

Buffalo : . 

23 

Multz,  Frank  C 

Bordulac 

9 

Munro,  J.  B 

Crary  

2 

12 

Musser,  R.  E 

Burt  

2 

12 

Myrvik,  John 

Milton 

11 

Nagel,  Peter 

Lankin  

8 

1 

Nassett,  John 

Esmond 

1 

13 

Neibergall,  John 

Amenia '. 

10 

Nelson,  Abel 

Agate  

15 

Nelson,  John  K 

Bisbee  

H 

Nessett,  J.  O 

Sheldon 

3 

15 

Neurn,  F.  E 

Dwight..  . 

16 

Newton,  Geo.  F 

Sheldon 

3 

10 

Newton,  D.  O 

Grandin 

11 

Newton  Bros 

Hunter ! 

12 

5 

Nicolson,  Neil 

Calvin...  . 

2 

11 

Nienas,  H 

Thompson 

2 

13 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List . 


41 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  ?iot  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Address. 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


north  Dakota— continued. 


Nook,  Jos.  F 

Nogosek,  Frank 

Noon,  Chas.  W 

Noon,  John  H 

Norheim,  Rasmus 

Norris,  C.  E 

Agricultural  College 

North  Dakota  Silver  Black 
vestment  Co. 

Oakland,  E.  T 

Ocker,  C.  E 

O’Connor,  Pat . 

Oglesby,  Geo 

Okon,  Peter 

Oliver,  Herbert 

Oliver,  R.  E 

Olsen,  W.  T 

Olson,  A.  S.  & P.  J 

Olson,  Nels  P 

Olson,  O.  J 

Om,  Fred 

Orness,  John  L 

Ostrom,  Theo 

Otto,  Oscar 

Ott,  E.  J 

Owen,  Ole 

Parker,  Geo 

Parry,  R.  J 

Parsons,  J.  C 

Paulson,  Carl 

Paulson,  Richard 

Pence,  R.  A 

Pennington,  H.  K 

Peterson,  Albert  L 

Peterson  Bros 

Porter,  Ira  J 

Pottinger,  C.  L 

Poulson,  Chas 

Prescott,  Dave 

Priewe,  Theo 

Prince,  Edd 

Purfurst,  H.  F ! . 

Rambauglr  L.  E 

Redhohn,  Fred 

Remington,  George 

Renning,  Hans 

Resser,  W.  C 

Reudleman,  W.  H 

Richards,  Grant 

Richter,  A.  J 

Rivard,  Olivia 

Roganaldson,  Eric 

Roll,  Andrew 

Rowland,  R ’ 

Ruffcorn,  W.  E 

Sakerton,  John 

Sammelson,  Edward 

Sander,  Mrs.  Emma 

Sautebin,  J.  B 

Schaffer,  Phil 

Schallem,  A.  V 

Seheer,  H.  C 

Schillinger,  William 

Schmidt,  G 

Schnetter,  Wm 

Schoeler,  Herman,  sr 

Schoening,  Herman 

Schroeder,  Nick 

Seaman,  H.  E 

Sell,  Will 

Seri,  Andrew 

Shaw,  W.  B 

Shawver,  E.  C 


Fox  and  In- 


Lankin  

Kensal 

Wilton 

do 

Esmond 

Sheldon 

Agricultural  College. 
St.  John 


6 

5 

5 

17 


6 

8 

18 


7 

15 

16 
28 
10 
22 

3 

4 


Bisbee 

Amenia 

New  Rockford 
Wimbledon 

Barton 

McClusky 

do 

Devils  Lake... 

Grafton 

Braddock 

Esmond 

Oakes 

La  Moure 

Skogmo 

Amenia 

Donny brook. . 

Minot 

Hillsboro 

Garske 

Sheldon 

Sterling 

Bisbee 

D ogden 

Milnor 

Powers  Lake.. . 

Braddock 

Hoople 

Fillmore 

Bisbee 

Ross 

Amenia 

McClusky 

New  Salem 

Kintyre 

Wimbledon. . . 

Amenia 

Maddock 

Fargo 

Beach 

Jamestown 

New  Rockford. 

Wild  Rice 

Enderlin 

Hamlet 

Esmond 

Arthur 

Flasher 

Horace 

Hatton 

Davenport 

Calvin 

Fort  Rice 

Hamberg 

Russell... 

La  Moure 

Penn 

Courtenay 

Flasher 

McClusky 

Mandan 

Amenia 

Velva 

Rhame 

La  Moure 


6 

11 

14 

11 

5 

6 

10 

1 

7 

10 

31 

9 

11 

1 

24 

21 

5 

14 

12 

15 

2 

11 

14 

12 

1 

10 

6 

1 

11 

2 

16 

1 

11 

11 

14 

18 

2 

9 

10 

4 

22 

2 

23 

15 

10 

16 

2 

12 

1 

17 

12 

8 

3 

30 

1 

10 

21 

13 

16 

18 

11 

1 

6 

16 

10 

4 

26 

11 

12 

6 

2 

20 

13 

2 

19 

7 

4 

4 

15 

14 

17 

1 

11 

5 

14 

3 

13 

8 

6 

17 

7 

3 

19 

11 

10 

15  . 

1 1 

18 

42  Department  Circular  lkk,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  shelving  owners , 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  on 
without 

Pure- 

bred. 

ice  tested 
reactors. 

Grade. 

noeth  Dakota — continued. 

Sheldon,  W.  A 

W oburn 

10 

Sheldon 

18 

Shelved  L.  K 

do 

12 

Lankin 

5 

Sheridan,  J.  J 

Jamestown. 

10 

Kramer 

21 

1 

Siebert,  W.  B 

Greene 

13 

Fillmore 

12 

Slater,  W.  H 

Esmond 

24 

Maddock 

4 

io 

Smith,  Chas 

Fargo .. 

18 

Smith  & Shay 

Roseglen 

14 

Smith,  W.  A.  & Sons 

Grafton : 

7 

19 

Buchanan... 

18 

20 

Maddock. 

16 

H an  kin  son 

7 

15 

Stanley,  M.  A 

Kintyre 

3 

H 

Steer,  W.  J 

Mott. 

8 

Hamar 

1 

20 

N ew  R oclcf or d . 

2 

24 

Stenehjeiri,  Martin 

Amegard 

10 

2 

Steig,  B.  I 

Esmond. 

17 

Steneroddon,  Oliver 

Hickson 

11 

Stenslund,  John  L 

Edinburg 

1 

26 

Maddock. 

13 

Stevens,  Howard 

Esmond 

10 

Stevens,  Will 

do 

10 

Steward,  A.  F 

Bottineau 

9 

6 

Stokes,  Solomon 

Cathay.. 

2 

15 

Stonebeck,  C.  J 

McGregor 

17 

Strumdahl,  J ohn 

Lakota 

16 

Sunby,  Ed 

Williston 

5 

12 

Svee,  Thor  

Perth 

15 

Swanson,  C.  A...  . 

Esmond 

11 

Swenson,  S.  0.  . . 

Aneta 

5 

Tait,  Robert 

Bottineau 

9 

y 

Taylor,  A.  D 

Flasher 

17 

Telin,  Peter  

McClusky 

i 

15 

Terwilliger,  J.  G 

Hankinson 

18 

Tew,  Olaf 

W ahpeton 

8 

Tewksbury,  M.  K. 

Park  River 

2 

11 

Thompson,  Estel 

Rugby 

19 

Thompson,  T.  A 

Milton 

13 

Thompson,  Wm.  L 

Hatton. 

4 

10 

Thorn,  Robert 

Jessie 

12 

3 

Thorpe,  S.  H 

Enderlin 

1 

13 

Timmerman,  Plerman  

Amenia 

17 

Toay,  M 

Jamestown... 

18 

3 

Tollofson,  Amt  . . 

Esmond 

11 

Toso,  Conrad . 

do 

11 

Transgrud,  B.  A . . . 

Mflnor 

4 

15 

Trent,  L.  D 

Bottineau 

5 

6 

Trugstad,  Ed 

Milton 

20 

Turnbull, W.  F ... 

Harwood 

17 

Twin  Butte  Stock  Farm  . 

Bismarck 

22 

Umsted,  John. . 

Esmond 

1 

13 

Unkenolz,  W.  R 

Mandan 

8 

5 

Uriell,  Ed. .. 

I-akota 

1 

12 

V anerstrom,  I) . A . . . 

Carpio 

19 

Van  Vleet,  Will .... 

Esmond 

1 

10 

Veeder,  Roy 

Mandan 

1 

17 

Veeum,  Knute 

Esmond 

10 

Vodden,  John . . . 

Argusville 

1 

14 

Volkmann,  Rudolph 

Amenia 

10 

Wallrood,  George  A 

Pekin 

16 

Wallace  & Baugh 

Carrington 

21 

Warddrip,  Vernie 

Denhoff 

1 

21 

Warne,  O.  A 

Driscoll 

16 

Watson,  J.  R . 

Wheatland  . 

11 

Watson,  C.  . 

Sydney 

7 

17 

Watson,  W.  W. 

Milton 

10 

Watt,  Wm 

Leonard 

5 

W eik , R asmu  s 

Oakes 

10 

White.  A.  H 

Kramer 

13 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


43 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners, 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN-Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


White,  Fred  S 

White,  G.  A 

White,  W.  J 

Whiting,  Robert 

Whitson,  H.  L 

Wibe,  Oscar 

Wicka,  Vince 

Willy,  Albert 

Wiper  Bros 

Woell.H.  K 

Wold,  Peter 

Wol forth,  Frank 

Worley,  G.  P 

Wright,  Don,  & Son 

Young,  W.  M 

Zeigler,  Frank 


Adams,  Frank 

Ankney 

Bales,  S.  R 

Beatty,  C.  M 

Beecher,  Daniel 

Bixby,  George  W 

Cahill,  John 

Collins,  J.  E 

Denzer  Bros 

Edwards,  J.  Wilson 

Ellis,  H.  B.,  & Son 

Folk;.  H.  C 

Floyd  Fought 

Galbraith  Bros 

Graham,  John  F 

Groves,  D.  F.,  & Son. . . . 

Heyman.  Daniel 

Hiney,  C.  M.,  & Ray 

Hurst,  Carl 

Hyslop,  Wm.  W 

Knulsen,  Thos.  C 

Kuhn,  W.  N 

Dance,  Harry 

Manchester,  €.  1^ . 

Miller,  Lawrence 

Musser,  Ward 

Mutchler,  J.  W 

Oglesbee,  C.  A " 

Oglesbee,  Wayne 

Ream  & Anson 

Reed,  Guy 

Rexroth,  J.  N 

Shanks,  Branson 

Simon,  Chas.  E 

Smith,  Robert 

Tapp,  Ernest 

Teegardin,  C.  B.,  & Sons 

Trietch,  Adam 

Utendorff,  J.  H 

Verhoff,  A.  G 

Verb  off,  J.  C " 

West,  Roscoe  L 


A.  & M.  College 

Allen,  Lincoln  B ... 

Arnold,  V.  J 

Aud,  J.  A 

Austbo,  D.  O 

Baugh  & Peters 

Boles,  W.  S 

Bossart,  T.  C j 

Boorsina,  Everett . ’ . 

Bradley,  W.  L 

Bright,  Cecil 


north  Dakota— continued. 

Amenia 

Portland -. 

Casseltun 

Carpio 

Drayton.. 

Bisbee 

Beach 

Esmond 

do * 

Casselton 

do 

Mount  Carmel 

Pettibone 

Wahpeton 

Driscoll 

Amenia 


’OHIO. 

Akron 

Xenia 

Jamestown 

Orient 

Waterville 

Norwalk 

Tiro 

Peebles 

Waldo 

Waynes  ville 

Wilmington 

Louisville 

Albany 

Tippecanoe 

Damira 

Shelby 

Monroeville 

Wilmington. 

Williamsport 

Springfield 

Blaine 

Shelby 

Medina 

Canfield 

Marysville ! 

Marshall  ville.. 

Rutland 

Spring  Valley 

Jamestown 

Bowersville 

Napoleon 

Marion 

Jamestown 

Continental 

Ash  ville. 

West  Mansfield 

Duvall. . . 1 

Continental 

Ottawa 

do ' 

do 

Hillsboro 


OKLAHOMA. 

Stillwater 

Guthrie 

Calumet ' ' . 

Waukomis 

Nash 

Douglas 

Enid 

Kremlin 

El  Reno . 

do 

do 


re- 

;d. 

I Grade. 

16 

| 

9 

12 

14 

3 

6 

€ 

12 

10 

14 

4Q 

17 

21 

4 

16 

16 

5 

13 

60 

4 

15 

10 

18 

5 

15 

4 

14 

1 

3 

2 

11 

3 

.5 

4 

6 

20 

1 

3 

4 

11 

3 

14 

25 

11 

IS 

2 

7 

2 

23 

U 

12 

5 

8 

11 

4 

14 

7 

18 

3 

12 

3 

4 

14 

5 

12 

2 

9 

17  ■ 

1 

45 

2 

7 

5 

12 

4 

11 

1 

2 

17 

27 

2 

7 

2 

19 

3 

4 

8 ' 

2 

13 

15 

2 

11 

3S 

3 

25 

5 

1 

11 

1 

21 

10 

7 

20 

3 

39 

7 

32 

3 

17 

22 

21 

20 

44  Department  Circular  ib4,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture, 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners , 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  or 
without 

Pure- 

bred. 

ice  tested 
reactors. 

Grade. 

Oklahoma— continued. 

Bright,  H.  M 

El  Reno . 

19 

Britton,  R.  N 

27 

3 

Burkes,  J.  F 

Arcadia 

19 

Campbell,  A.  B 

Geary 

135 

32 

Campbell,  J.  W 

Enid. . 

12 

5 

Calif,  J.  W 

g 

9 

Cash,  Alice 

El  Reno 

32 

Castle,  A.  L 

do 

18 

Cecil,  Robert 

Calumet 

16 

Clement,  C.  C 

El  Reno 

13 

Christmas,  Arthur 

Jefferson 

6 

11 

Corbin,  O.'  H 

El  Reno 

15 

Copenbarger,  H.  C 

Geary, 

g 

3 

Coulter,  Toni 

Enid 

26 

6 

Cox,  D.V..  . 

18 

Coward,  J.  H . . 

17 

Darling'  C.  L 

Enid 

23 

6 

Davidson,  Ray 

Pawnee 

34 

1 

Dickens,  W.  A 

Duncan 

21 

1 

Dickson,  Otto  E.. 

7 

9 

Dowers,  J.  A . . 

Kremlin 

15 

9 

Dennison,  J.  C 

El  Reno 

10 

Eamhart,  C.  S 

Waukomis 

26 

7 

Essary,  L 

El  Reno 

14 

Geary , W.  C-. 

5 

9 

Gibson,  W.  C 

Verden 

12 

1 

Gift  & Gift 

Waukomis 

9 

5 

Hickman,  J.  T 

Temple 

25 

3 

Hayes,  E.  E.. 

El  Reno 

36 

Hilderbrand,  H.  C 

Bison 

2 

15 

Honegger,  A... . 

Kingfisher 

6 

14 

Hopkins,  C.  M 

Calumet  . . 

41 

Huchtman,  Barnard 

El  Reno 

18 

Humphrey,  Neil 

Meridian 

13 

2 

Hutton,  W.  I 

Calumet 

20 

Hyer,  J.  G 

El  Reno 

15 

Kellogg,  W.  M 

Guthrie 

1 

46 

Ketch,  C.  S... 

Kingfisher 

10 

7 

Ketch,  William... 

.do 

5 

2 

Koerner,  E.  H. . 

El  Reno 

28 

Lamumyon,  D.  J. 

Enid 

23 

3 

Lizor,  W.  R . 

Douglas 

5 

12 

Lcrenzer,  W.  L 

El  Reno 

40 

Martin,  Otto 

Enid 

13 

1 

Mason,  Earl. . 

El  Reno 

19 

Mathers,  O.  C.. . 

. . do 

13 

McBride,  L.  T. . 

Calumet 

27 

McKinney,  0.  R 

Marlow 

40 

Meirer,  Thomas 

El  Reno 

49 

Miller,  Bros. 

Bliss..  

25 

Millick,  Mrs.  S.  P 

Lahoma 

3 

22 

Mitchell,  Morton.. 

El  Reno 

22 

Mohinks,  R.  C.. 

W aukomis 

6 

5 

Myer,  H.  D.. 

El  Reno : 

19 

New  land,  Jesse. 

.do 

34 

Noel  & Fraser. . 

Guthrie 

20 

Pazwald,  Otto  0 

El  Reno 

12 

Peterson,  Chas 

. .do 

35 

Rice,  George 

.do 

47 

Rice,  Mrs.  T.  B 

do 

24 

Riggs,  Chester  . 

Enid 

7 

3 

Rinderhagen,  J.  D.. 

El  Reno 

1 

26 

Rodes,  A.  U 

Geary.  

13 

10 

Rusmisel,  A.  F 

Drummond 

15 

20 

Sutter,  Frank  J 

Enid..  

20 

Swiggett,  G.  L 

Lahoma 

56 

2 

Taggart  Bros 

Wfl.nkfvmis  . 

29 

Taylor,  J.  L 

Walters 

17 

1 

Thompson,  Wilton  E 

Wa.tnnga  - 

23 

2 

Verges,  W.  H 

F.lRpnn  

27 

Von  Tringlem,  Fred 

do  

37 

Wade,  A.  I.  & Son 

Douglas 

31 

4 

Wagoner,  E.  D 

El  Reno 

29 

Wagoner,  J.  B 

49 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


45 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  oivners 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN — Continued. 


Name. 


Address. 


Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 


Oklahoma— continued. 


Pure- 

bred. 


Grade. 


Whistier  Bros 

Wise,  Steve 

Wire,  Ira  C 

Williamson,  Melton  J. 
Wright,  W.  C 


Ballou,  Homer  B 

Beauchamp,  N.  O .... 

Boyce,  R.  E 

Conley,  Arch 

Cook,  Clinton 

Cummings,  Rodney  B 

Cummings,  W.  O 

Dorrance,  W.  C 

Hempe,  S.  A 

. Riche v,  O.  M... 


Brown,  Andrew 

Campbell,  A.  L 

Cheers,  H.  E 

Clark,  R.  S 

Cochran,  Hugh 

Fox,  J.  Walker 

Fox,  William  R 

Harvey,  B.  O.  & Son. . . 
Kling,  E.  W.  & Sons... 

Lonclot,  E.  B 

McKean,  Harry  P . . . 

Miles,  H.  T 

Moose,  M.  G 

Montgomery,  S.  B 

Shaffer,  Charles 

Shaffer,  D.  M 

Thompson,  Sara  & Nan. 
Wagner,  C.  G 


Watonga. . . 

El  Reno 

Pond  Creek 

Jet 

Calumet 


14 


6 


OREGON. 


Boring 

Free  water 

Baker 

Cove 

Murphy ’ 

Mount  Vernon 

do ...... . 


Enterprise 

Union 

Boring 


9 

5 

67 


16 

6 

177 

15 

8 

18 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Fayette  City 

Titusville,  R.  1,  Meadow  Brook  Farm' 

Diamond,  R.  1 

Edinburg,  R.  2 

Centerville,  R.  1 

Enon  Valley,  R.  2... 

Poland,  R.  1,  Ohio 

Tryonville 

Orangeville 

Diamond,  R.  1 

Penllyn,  Pine  Run  Farm. 

Titusville,  R.  5,  Side  view  Farm 
Volant,  R.  3 

Grove  City,  R.  16 

Titusville,  R.  5,  Sugar  Grove  Farm . . . 

Apollo 

Pulaski,  R.  62 

Westford,  Homestead  Farm'. " 


74 

4 
6 

5 


10 

8 

2 

3 


55 

2 

11 

2 

3 


20 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


Henderson,  W.  N 

Ninety  Six.... 

4 

2 

Lancaster  Mercantile  Co.. 

Lancaster 

Alberts,  George 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 
Groton 

Altfillisch,  Otto 

De  Smet 

17 

63 

12 

30 

Barron  Bros 

Elkton. . 

Brown,  John 

Madison .... 

Brown,  Wilson 

R ockham . . 

Buhr,  H.  C 

Andover . . 

Cleveland,  H.  A 

Hetland 

1 

Clocksen,  Fred 

Groton 

17 

Conway,  C.  J 

Watertown 

Cook,  Chas 

Corbin , H.  W 

Wentworth . . . 

16 

26 

1 

25 

1 

1 

3 

9 

Dement,  Edd 

Chester 

Ehrenberg,  F.  J . . . 

Groton 

Eisenlohr,  F.  S . .. 

Emm en,  George 

Fette,  Ernest. 

Havana,  N.  Dak 

Andover 

Gamber  Bros.. . 

Carpenter .... 

Grabinski,  F.  A . . . 

R ockham . . . 

Hanten, Harry  B 

Watertown .... 

Hart,  John 

Madison 

Heaviland,  C.  Earl 

Clark 

Johns,  G.  G 

De  Smet. .. 

6 

4 

15 

Kroll,  E.  W 

Andover 

Lighthall,  George 

do 

Little  Eagle  Sub-Agency 

Little  Eaele 

Mallett,  Harry  W 

Andover 

Marston.  I.  E.. . 

Pierpont 

May,  Richard 

Andover 

i 

21 

14 

2 

5 

i9 


69 

ii 


106 


22 

9 

9 

11 

5 

19 

20 
12 
10 
42 
10 


20 

19 

13 

21 


21 

30 


14 

19 

6 

2 

6 

14 

2 

11 

26 

19 

1 


10 


16 

15 

14 

14 
39 
12 
23 

2 

19 

4 

32 

15 
13 
11 


46  Department  Circular  lb 4,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 'purebred  oi  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued  . 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

• 

' | 

Address. 

1 

Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

Pure-  j 
bred.  1 

Grade. 

south  Dakota— continued. 

McCaskell,  Fred 

De  Smet 

17 

Mills,  C.  E 

Andover. 

4 

18 

do 

25 

do 

E5 

Groton 

1 

9 

Andover 

14 

Pierpont 

18 

6 

3 

Andover 

a 

10 

Pierpont I 

1 

12 

Rosholt | 

10 

8 

Bijou  Hill 

33 

4 

Andover 

13 

do 1 

2 j 

19 

do 

21 

Dell  Rapids. 

35 

4 

Buffalo  Gap. 

10 

Groton. 

13 

Henry 

1 

11 

Nunda 

17 

11 

Tribley,  S . . 

do 

17 

R ockham 

2 

4 

Andover 

1 

15 

do 

14 

TENNESSEE. 

A dams  fr.  Galbraith  

Harriman 

9 

3 

Bright  D.  A 

Chuckey 

15 

5 

Bright,  R.  W 

Telford 

35 

Brinkley,  S.  R 

Ashland  City 

3 

9 

Caldwell  I>.  M.  & C.  F 

New  Market 

20 

2 

Carson,  C.  B 

Limestone 

14 

4 

Childers  J.  R 

Fayetteville. 

25 

5 

Conger  D.  L 

do 

49 

9 

Cunningham , E . C 

Clarksville 

14 

Denny,  IV.  H 

Gallatin.. „ 

7 

4 

De vault  H.  M 

Greenville 

J 

2 

Mitchell  S.  F 

Limestone 

13 

Motlow  F.  W 

Lynchburg 

26 

6 

Orr,  Miss  Etta. . 

Roan  Mountain 

14 

18 

Peck  Joe  H 

Jefferson  City 

11 

Squibb,  H.  P. 

Limestone. 

9 

2 

Smith,  S.  S. 

Whitesburg' 

11 

Smith,  C.  D . 

Memphis 

19 

Stone  E.  H 

Cumberland  Furnace 

12 

2 

Thompson,  J.  J.,  jr 

Paris. 

7 

5 

Weeks,  J.  W 

Jonesboro - 

23 

2 

Williams  Bros  

Ashland  City 

12 

2 

UTAH. 

Adamson  Peter 

Alpine. 

11 

Bennion  Minor  Co 

Salt  Lake  City 

40 

Bodily  Fred 

Layton 

6 

28 

Clark  Jos.  S 

Farmington 

10 

Crus  Joe 

Helper 

15 

Cullimore  W.  J 

Linden... . 

11 

Featherstone  Thos 

American  Fork 

12 

Fowles  Jos.  II 

Hooper 

13 

Godfrey  Sid 

Murray 

17 

Gillis  Herman 

Provo 

10 

Harris  E d 

Pleasant  G rove 

23 

Harris  Albert 

do 

10 

Hill  A’.  J 

Salt  Lake  City 

17 

Howard  Bros. 

W oods  Cross 

23 

Jarman  Tom 

Pleasant  Grove 

14 

Johnson  A.  W 

do 

10 

Johnson  J S 

ProAro 

23 

Joseph  Harry 

Salt  Lake  City 

25 

Larsen  Lewis 

Manti  

30 

Loosel,  I.  E . . . 

Provo 

10 

Marcroft  J.  A . 

Salt  Lake  City 

29 

Mozzell,  J.  H . 

Provo 

11 

N alder,  S.  H 

Layton 

46 

Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


47 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle , showing  owners 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 


SHORTHORN— Continued . 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  on 
without 

Pure- 

bred. 

Utah — continued. 

Nelson,  A.  C.,  jr 

Ephraim. 

9 

QbertsJ  Joe..  .” 

Helper . . . . 

Utah  Agricultural  College 

Logan 

13 

VIRGINIA. 

Allen,  L.  M 

Gaylord 

24 

Baird,  A.  V 

Delaplane 

Bromley,  W.  S 

Berryville 

17 

Brown, "John  T 

Rural  Retreat 

7 

Board,  G.  W 

C hristiansburg 

4 

Bryant,  C.  E 

Bridlecreek 

31 

Buchanan,  J.  A 

Saltville 

H 

Burwell,  Geo.  H 

Millwood 

Cather,  Jno.  C 

Winchester 

41 

Cloyd,  D.  M 

Blacksburg 

Coiner,  H.  E 

Swoope 

41 

Cox  Bros 

Independence 

22 

Crabtree,  Frank 

Dry  den 

5 

Craig,  C.  G 

Craigsville- 

Crowglv,  H.  B 

Wytheville 

o 

21 

Crumme'tt,  It.  H 

Monterey 

g 

Flickwir,  D.  W.. . 

Roanoke  

18 

Garber,  G.  E , 

Bridgewater. . . 

6 

George,  John  R 

Broadford 

18 

Harrison,  Fairfax 

Bel  voir 

o 

Hicks.  T.  J 

Winchester 

Higginson,  J.  M 

Red  Hill  .... 

23 

Huddle,  J.  H 

Ivan hoe 

7 

Koontz,  Rae  T 

Lnray 

51 

Bogan,  C.  R 

Catlett  

Long,  A.  W 

Luray 

11 

McNeil  & Quillen 

Jones ville  

9 

Martin,  D.  R 

W aynesboro 

Michie,  A.  R 

Charlottesville . 

Minton,  W.  D 

Jonesville 

13 

Moffett,  R.  W 

Mint  Spring 

16 

Mooman,  O.  N 

Elliston 

Moore,  S.  H 

Stuarts  Draft 

10 

Moore,  S.  L 

Lodi  . . . 

Nestor,  J.  A.  & Co 

Wyndale 

u 

18 

Payne,  C.  M 

Calverton 

Sanders,  Marvin 

Chilhowie... 

19 

Showalter,  Amos 

Riner 

13 

Thompson,  T.  J 

Swoope 

21 

Trumbo,  Jacob I 

Calverton 

Umberger,  C.  B 

Wytheville 

2 

White,  C.  H j 

Linden 

12 

Wood,  John  W 

WASHINGTON. 

Conley,  E.  H 

Cheney 

Coyle  Brothers 

Walla  Walla >. 

Delaney,  Henry j 

Starbuck 

8 

Greif,  Carl  A 

Union  town 

17 

Griffith,  S.  R 

Cheney 

Harbert,  J.  W 

Walla  Walla 

Hubbell,  W.  F 

Cheney 

McKay,  James  W 

Go  van 

Miller,  J.  G 

Cheney 

Reeves,  Frank  & P.  H.  Miller 

Wenatchee 

6 

Smith,  E.C 

Cheney 

Taylor,  B.  P 

Colville 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Beiry,  John 

Wheeling,  R.  1 

Billick,  Geo.  G 

West  Alexander  Pa 

4 

Eis,  C.  A 

Wheeling,  R.  R 

Fisher,  Aug.  H 

Elm  Grove 

4 

Fisher,  John 

Wheeling,  R.  R 

Frazier,  M.  H 

West  Alexander,  Pa  R R 

2 

Grimes,  W.  H 

Elm  Grove 

Johnson,  M.  A 

Sinks  Grove 

4 

Johnson,  W.  B 

Fort  Springs 

Grade. 


6 

33 

17 

19 
15 

18 
I 

20 
3 

25 

*27 

8 

20 

9 

7 

30 


48  Department  Circular  ikk,  U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture, 


List  of  once-testtd  herds  of  not  less  than  5 purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners ? 
breeds,  and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

Cattle  on 
without : 

Pure- 

bred. 

ce  tested 
reactors. 

Grade. 

west  Virginia— continued. 

Wheeling,  R.  1 

H 

McLaughlin,  H.  W 

Maxwelton 

35 

5 

Tnadelphia,  R.  1 

11 

Lewisburg 

2 

12 

Steele  WE.. 

Wheeling-Glenwood 

11 

West  Alexander,  Pa 

13 

Shepherdstown  / 

11 

11 

Wailis  & Son  G.  W 

Hogsett 

38 

Triadelphia 

19 

Woodruff  1 C 

Dallas,  R.  1 

1 

16 

WISCONSIN. 

Arcadia 

35 

6 

Clark  Geo  F 

Avalon 

7 

3 

Collins  P N 

River  Falls 

25 

2 

CnllmV  Tho<'  C 

Kendall 

16 

Col  lorn  ore  W A 

Ellsworth 

7 

7 

Cross  .T  S 

Winniconne 

24 

• 2 

Dwyer  Jas 

Kendall 

1 

19 

Fitzpatrick  Chas 

Neenah 

13 

8 

Gorham  Leonard 

Viroqua. 

19 

Green  PaulC 

Baraboo 

4 

13 

Hadden  James  & Sons 

Janesville -• 

10 

22 

Hooper  W^  A 

Palmyra 

14 

13 

Jenkins’,  W.C 

Bangor 

7 

18 

Johnson  Gilbert 

Larsen 

17 

Kinney  Bros 

Hudson 

33 

Kinney  Mrs  H 

. . .do 

31 

Ivlein,  E R 

Fountain  City 

50 

3 

Lamb  R W & Son 

Janesville 

39 

LEtnshcin  ]Vf  & Son 

Ellsworth 

13 

5 

Lathers,  John  W 

Beloit 

8 

9 

Marco  G & Son 

La  Crosse 

40 

3 

Mattison  Thos 

Blair 

16 

12 

Niland  Dominic 

Cylon  

10 

Fadden,  A J 

.....  do 

15 

Havre  D F ir 

Edgerton 

20 

3 

OwV  1 'Vj  XX  . X • j J A - 

Skntley  Bros  * _ _ 

Sechlerville 

16 

7 

Smith  Eli 

Eau  Claire 

8 

15 

South  worth  B P 

La  Farge 

28 

9 

South  worth  G E 

doT 

15 

4 

Taylor  John  R 

River  Falls 

13 

29 

"Wentworth  Archie  T farm  No  1 

Edgerton 

22 

6 

Wputwnrth  4 rphip  T farm  No  2 

do 

8 

33 

VV  t-ilL  VY  U1  LIIj  ill  tine  x . y icu  in  i'  v.  a-  - • - - - - * - 

Whelan  & Everson 

Mondovi 

13 

5 

Wi'llidTBQ  Rrno 

Bangor  

37 

"W  p.nd  Tnhn 

Viroqua 

27 

Total  (Shorthorn,  United  States). . . 

19, 722 

25,208 

MILKING  SHORTHORN. 


Bruington  Bros 
Cole,  A.  T 


Collett,  George  W 


Cameron. 

Wheaton 


ILLINOIS. 


41  2 

36  


OKLAHOMA. 

Edmond 


20  . 5 


VERMONT. 


Booth,  Arthur  E 

Burt,  Craig  O.,  Smith  farm 

Burt,  Craig  O.,  home  farm 

Cary,  George C.,  Pine  Lodgefarm 

Clement  .William 

Folsom,  D 

Holmes,  Gerald 

Simpson,  Arthur  W 

Smith,  George,  Est 


Vergennes 

Stowe 

do 

St.  Johnsbury 

do 

Waitsfield 

Barre 

Lyndonville. . 
Vergennes 


12 

30 


23 


28 

25 

47 


56 

35 

15 


12 


Supplement  2 to  Accredited-Herd  List. 


49 


List  of  once-tested  herds  of  not  less  than  5 'purebred  or  10  grade  cattle,  showing  owners , 
breeds , and  States  in  which  located — Continued. 

MILKING  SHORTHORN— Continued. 


Name. 

Address. 

l Cattle  once  tested 
without  reactors. 

| 

| Pure- 
bred. 

Grade. 

Ward,  F.C.,  & Son 

Vermont — continued. 
Vergennes  

25 

15 

22 

Whitney,  Frank  W 

Salisbury 

Whitney,  Fred  C 

Total  (Milking  Shorthorn,  United 

162 

287 

States). 

i 

POLLED  SHORTHORN. 


Booek.  W.  C.,  & Son 

ILLINOIS. 

Little  York 

38 

5 

10 

16 

13 

1 

Davis,  M.  F 

Polo... 

is 

4 

Gingrich,  J.  C 

Pinkstaff,  C.  H 

Pinkstafl. . . . 

Ginn,  William  H 

INDIANA. 

Delphi 

i 

22 

19 

4 

11 

8 

12 

8 

Kaiser,  W.  H.,  & Son 

Benell,  J.  A 

IOWA. 

Kalona 

Boise,  Dr.  C.  L 

Dunlap 

5 

6 

13 

5 

19 

16 

Shetler,  John  J 

Kalona,  R,  1 

Coke,  C.  Guthrie 

KENTUCKY. 
Auburn 

O’Donoghue,  Tom : 

Hardinsburg 

McGaughey,  R.  H 

Herndon 

Guillaume,  Anthony 

MINNESOTA. 
Caledonia 

Nelsen,  Harry 

Glencoe 

37 

Huggins,  W.  T 

MISSOURI. 

Utica 

17 
11 
22 

2 

24 

1 

41 

32 

37 

18 

13 

Wenger,  Ed 

Versailles. 

2 

3 

28 

1 

12 

16 

Wenger  Bros 

Cad w alder  Bros 

NEBRASKA. 

Oxford 

Ketterer,  John 

Bethany.  . 

Rohn,  A.  C 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Harwood 

Belau,  Fred  V 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Rockham 

Haven,  F.  G 

Mellette 

Mitchell 

McLaughlin,  J.  F 

3 

5 

3 

Wertz,  Arthur 

Bancroft 

Gwaltney,  L.  H.,  & Son 

TENNESSEE. 
Hickman 

Total  (Polled  Shorthorn,  United 
States). 

Total  (all  breeds,  United  States) 

365 

214 

95,097 

137,807 

O 


AUSTRALIA  AND  NEW  ZEALAND  AS 
MARKETS  FOR  AMERICAN  FRUIT 

SAMUEL  B.  MOOMAW 

Special  Investigator 
and 

CAROLINE  B.  SHERMAN 

Scientific  Assistant 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  145 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Markets 
GEORGE  LIVINGSTON,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


February,  1921 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1920 


AUSTRALIA  AND  NEW  ZEALAND  AS  MARKETS 
FOR  AMERICAN  FRUIT. 


Description 

Methods  of  marketing  domestic  fruit. 

The  export  trade 

The  import  trade 

Fruit  importation  laws 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 


Page. 


Methods  of  marketing  imported  fruit 8 

Cost  to  A.merican  shippers 10 

Possibilities  of  increasing  American  trade. . . 11 

Appendix 13 


DESCRIPTION. 

Australia. — Australia  is  divided  into  three  belts  or  zones,  marked 
by  broad  climatic  differences,  the  effects  of  which  are  perhaps  more 
noticeable  in  the  output  of  the  orchards  than  in  any  other  products 
of  the  soil.  In  these  broad  climatic  zones  there  are,  of  course,  numer- 
ous variations. 

In  the  southern  belt,  comprising  Tasmania,  the  greater  part  of 
Victoria,  and  considerable  parts  of  New  South  Wales,  South  Austra- 
lia and  Western  Australia,  the  climate  is  similar  in  many  respects 
to  that  of  southern  France  or  northern  Italy.  There  are  the 
farms  and  the  wheat  fields  and  there  the  apple,  pear,  plum,  and  cherry 
flourish.  Apples  form  the  chief  fruit  crop  and  their  production  is 
increasing  each  year. 

The  middle  belt,  comprising  parts  of  all  the  continental  States, 
was,  with  the  exception  of  the  coastal  districts,  devoted  in  the  early 
days  almost  entirely  to  sheep  stations  or  ranches,  but  is  the  natural 
home  of  the  peach,  grape,  fig,  and  olive. 

In  the  northern  belt,  comprising  the  Northern  Territory  and  the 
northern  parts  of  Queensland  and  Western  Australia,  the  inland  dis- 
tricts are  mainly  occupied  by  cattle  runs,  while  in  other  parts  the 
mango,  pineapple,  coconut,  and  banana  thrive.  A great  increase  in 
its  production  of  tropical  and  semi-tropical  fruit  during  the  next  few 
years  has  been  predicted. 

New  Zealand. — Fruit  growing  in  New  Zealand  is  still  a young 
industry.  With  the  general  development  and  progress  of  the  country, 
however,  the  production  of  fruit  has  begun  to  increase  in  impor- 
tance. Especially  has  this  been  true  during  the  last  few  years.  New 
Zealand  has  a great  variety  of  temperate  climate  and  a fairly  well  and 
evenly  distributed  rainfall,  making  it  possible  to  raise  almost  any  kind 
of  fruit  that  can  be  grown  in  the  temperate  zone.  The  mountain  val- 
leys have  a hot  summer  heat  that  will  ripen  fruit  to  perfection.  Much 
2 

15576°— 21 


3 


Australia  and  New  Zealand  as  Markets  for  Fruit. 


of  the  poor  clay  land  in  the  Auckland  district,  hitherto  considered 
almost  useless,  has  been  found  to  be  well  adapted  to  fruit  growing. 

Value  of  fruit  crops.  -The  World  War  and  the  consequent  lack 
of  ships  for  transportation  have  had  a retarding  influence  on  the  de- 
velopment of  the  fruit  industry  in  both  Australia  and  New  Zealand, 
although  for  many  years  the  tendency  has  been  toward  a general 
increase  in  the  production  of  fruits.  This  increase  was  most  marked 
in  Victoria,  where  27,864  additional  acres  were  laid  out  in  fruit  culti- 
vation during  the  last  10  years.  In  Tasmania  and  Western  Australia 
also,  the  acreage  in  fruit  was  greatly  enlarged  owing  principally  to 
extensive  plantings  of  apple  trees  with  a view  to  the  possibilities  of 
selling  the  fresh  fruit  in  English  markets.  The  value  of  the  fruit 
crops  of  all  kinds  in  the  whole  of  Australia  in  1917  was  $16,921,808. 

METHODS  OF  MARKETING  DOMESTIC  FRUIT. 


Most  of  the  domestic  fruit  is  sold  through  the  city  markets  by 
wholesale,  consignment,  or  auction,  but  some  is  retailed  through 
market  stalls.  Many  of  the  large  markets  are  municipally  owned  or 
controlled.  In  Queensland  and  in  New  Zealand  some  fruit  is  sold  to 
canneries  and  preserve  factories,  a part  of  the  output  of  which  is  some- 
times exported.  Some  sales  of  fruit  are  made  direct  from  producer  to 
consumer,  especially  in  New  Zealand,  where  the  Government  has  facili- 
tated such  sales  by  the  “ fruit  by  post”  system.  Cooperative  market- 
ing societies  are  found  m parts  of  Victoria,  in  Tasmania,  South 
Australia,  and  Queensland.  In  New  Zealand  the  Government  has 
assisted  cooperation  among  fruit  growers  in  the  form  of  its  New 
Zealand  Fruit  Growers’  Federation  (Ltd.)  by  issuing  an  orchard  tax 
act  of  1916,  which  provides  for  the  levying  of  a minimum  tax  of 
$0.24  and  a maximum  tax  of  $0.61  per  acre  on  commercial  orchards 
the  proceeds  to  be  paid  over  to  the  Fruit  Growers’  Federation  and  to 
be  expended  m any  of  the  fruit-growing  industries.  The  act  is  to 
remain  in  force  until  1921.  The  earlier  practice  of  grading  apples  in 
Australia  and  New  Zealand  related  particularly  to  size,  but  in  recent 
years  the  influence  of  methods  in  use  in  the  boxed  apple  districts  in 
the  western  United  States  has  been  felt.  In  Australia  the  various 
States  make  their  own  fruit-grading  laws.  The  Victoria  fruit  act  of 
1917  authorizes  the  Governor  in  Council  to  make  regulations  fixing 
s andaros  for  fruits  and  vegetables  based  on  size,  quality  and  color. 

le  Tasmanian  authorities  have  also  issued  regulations  regarding  the 
export  of  fruit  in  which  are  incorporated  grades  very  similar  to  those 
in  effect  m New  Zealand,  described  below.  In  New  South  Wales  the 
grades  Extra  Fancy,  Fancy,  and  C are  also  in  use,  at  least  to  some 
extent.  The  New  Zealand  Department  of  Agriculture  in  its  rco-u- 
iatmns  issued  new  provisions  of  the  orchard  and  garden  disease  act 
which  provided  for  three  grades  of  apples-Extra  Fancy.  Fancy 


4 Department  Circular  1^5,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


and  C.  These  grades  are  based  on  size,  quality,  and  color,  the  speci- 
fications following  closely  those  in  use  in  the  northwestern  section 
of  the  United  States. 

The  disposal  of  a part  of  the  crop  through  dried,  canned,  and  pre- 
served fruits,  including  jams,  has  increased  in  recent  years  in  both 
Australia  and  New  Zealand,  as  a result  of  the  extension  of  fruit 
growing  and  the  demand  for  jams  for  military  use. 

THE  EXPORT  TRADE. 

Australia. — In  the  years  preceding  the  European  war  Australia 
was  developing  an  increasing  export  trade  in  fresh  fruits  of  all  vari- 
eties, especially  with  its  neighbor  colony  of  New  Zealand  and  the 
ports  of  the  mother  country.  Naturally  the  decreased  shipping 
incident  to  the  war  makes  a comparison,  such  as  statistical  tables 
might  ordinarily  furnish,  untrustworthy.  Nevertheless  the  Ameri- 
can shipper  may  be  interested  to  have  the  figures  furnished  by  the 
official  Australian  returns  at  hand,  and  for  this  purpose  Table  II  is 
given  in  the  appendix.  This  table  shows  the  average  of  exports  of 
fruits  for  the  years  1912  and  1913. 

Prior  to  the  war,  New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  South  Australia,  and 
Tasmania  had  limited  export  industries  but  these  suffered  consider- 
ably during  the  war  period.  In  some  cases  the  increased  foreign 
demand  for  preserved  fruits  and  jams  seemed  to  counteract  to  a cer- 
tain extent  the  effect  of  the  decreased  export  trade  for  fresh  fruits. 

The  principal  ports  of  Australia  are  Sydney,  Melbourne,  Adelaide, 
Brisbane,  Fremantle,  Newcastle,  Hobart,  and  Port  Darwin.  All  of 
the  principal  harbors  of  Australia  are  under  the  control  of  harbor 
boards  that  decide  upon  the  improvements  and  the  development  of 
facilities. 

Sydney,  the  capital  of  New  South  Wales,  situated  on  Port  Jackson, 
is  the  largest  city  and  is  the  receiving  port  for  all  the  inland  towns  of 
New  South  Wales.  All  the  main  railways  of  the  State  converge  there 
because  of  the  depth  of  the  harbor  and  its  excellent  dock  facilities 
and  capacity  for  shipping.  The  tonnage  cleared  from  Sydney  each 
year  far  exceeds  that  of  any  other  city  in  Australia.  The  produce  of 
inland  districts  is  sent  by  rail  to  Sydney  for  marketing  or  export. 

The  network  of  railways  in  Victoria  connect  at  Melbourne  and 
make  it  a considerable  distributing  center.  Much  has  been  done 
for  the  improvement  of  its  docks  and  wharves.  Hobart  has  an 
excellent  harbor,  the  best  in  Australia  for  deep-draft  ships,  with 
good  dock  facilities  and  carries  on  a noteworthy  trade  in  fruit 
exporting.  In  prewar  days  Hobart  was  in  direct  steamship  com- 
munication with  London,  Liverpool,  Glasgow,  Hull,  Hamburg  and 
other  European  ports,  and  with  South  Africa  during  the  fruit  export 
season.  Fruit  for  South  American  ports  was  sent  to  New  Zealand 
for  transshipment. 


5 


Australia  and  New  Zealand  as  Markets  for  Fruit. 

New  Zealand. — The  export  trade  of  New  Zealand  is  in  its  infancy, 
but  fruit  has  been  sold  either  direct  to  buyers  overseas  or  on  con- 
signment through  the  New  Zealand  Government  with  a guaranty 
of  a minimum  price  by  the  Government.  During  recent  seasons 
the  New  Zealand  market  has  been  greatly  assisted  and  regulated  by  a 
limited  export  trade  with  South  America.  Apples  are  packed  and 
graded  under  Government  supervision,  with  very  satisfactory  results, 
so  that  the  prospects  for  an  expansion  of  this  trade  are  good. 

It  is  thought,  however,  that  in  view  of  the  greatly  increased  number 
of  orchards  neither  the  local  market  nor  the  South  American  market 
will  absorb  the  amount  of  fruit  available  for  the  next  few  years. 
Hence,  orchard  instructors  have  recommended  the  planting  of  apples 
and  pears  suitable  for  export  to  the  markets  of  the  Northern  Hemi- 
sphere and  have  issued  lists  of  varieties  favored. 

The  difficulty  of  obtaining  freight  space  under  war  conditions 
checked  the  growth  of  exports,  but  with  a return  to  normal  freight 
condition  and  sailings  the  effect  of  the  Government  recommendations 
undoubtedly  will  be  apparent,  and  the  export  trade  in  fruit  may  be 
expected  to  receive  a noteworthy  impetus. 

Official  figures,  showing  the  quantity  of  fresh  apples  and  pears 
exported  from  New  Zealand  in  the  years  1912  and  1913,  have  been 
averaged  in  Table  III. 

The  extensive  coast  line  and  the  numerous  harbors  of  New  Zealand 
facilitate  traveling  and  distribution  of  goods  by  sea,  and  coastal 
steamers  are  much  used  in  connection  with  both  exports  and  imports. 
The  principal  ports  are  Auckland,  Wellington,  Christchurch,  Dune- 
din, and  Invercargill.  Auckland  has  probably  the  best  dock  facili- 
ties in  New  Zealand,  while  those  of  Wellington  are  very  good. 

THE  IMPORT  TRADE. 

Australia.  Notwithstanding  the  extent  of  fruit  raising  within  her 
boundaries,  Australia  imports  no  inconsiderable  quantities  of  both 
fresh  fruits  and  dried,  canned,  and  preserved  fruits.  Fresh  fruits 
are  imported  especially  in  off  seasons,  and  the  preserved  fruits  are 
brought  in  to  supplement  the  shortage  of  such  supplies. 

i ictoria  imports  chiefly  bananas  from  the  Fiji  Islands,  oranges 
and  lemons  from  the  United  States  and  Italy,  and  apples  from  the 
Dnited  States  and  Canada.  Queensland  receives  prunes,  dried 
peaches,  and  dried  apricots  from  the  United  States,  apples  from  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  figs  from  Asia  Minor,  dates  from  the 
Persian  Gulf  and  North  Africa,  and  nuts  of  various  kinds  from 
Europe,  CalLornia,  and  South  America.  New  South  WAles  imports 
chiefly  apples  and  oranges.  South  Australia  imports  dried  fruits, 
principally  French  prunes  in  jars,  shelled  and  unshelled  almonds  from 
Europe,  evaporated  figs,  prunes,  and  apricots  from  California,  and 


6 Department  Circular  U5,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

dried  figs  and  dates  from  Asia  Minor  and  Mesopotamia.  Very  little 
fruit  of  any  kind  is  imported  direct  into  Tasmania,  but  imported 
fruits  are  received  there  from  other  States,  chiefly  from  New  South 
Wales  and  Victoria. 

The  imports  of  fruits  of  various  kinds  into  the  Commonwealth  of 
Australia  in  the  calendar  years  1912  and  1913  have  been  averaged  in 
Table  IV. 

New  Zealand. — The  most  promising  outlook  for  imported  fruits  in 
New  Zealand  at  present  is  for  canned,  dried,  and  preserved  fruits;  but 
there  will  always  be  a market  for  those  fresh  fruits  which  can  reach 
New  Zealand  in  the  off  season. 

The  figures  in  Table  V give  the  fruit  imports  of  New  Zealand 
averaged  for  the  years  1912  and  1913. 

FRUIT  IMPORTATION  LAWS. 

Australia. — All  fruit  imported  into  the  Commonwealth  of  Austra- 
lia is  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  quarantine  act  of  1908-1912 
with  regard  to  freedom  from  disease.  Where  imported  goods  are 
found  to  be  diseased,  the  affected  portion  may  be  exported  beyond 
the  Commonwealth,  provided  the  packages  are  plainly  marked  with 
a true  description  of  the  goods  and  the  name  of  the  country  where 
they  were  produced. 

The  principal  Australian  law  affecting  the  importation  of  fruits  is 
a proclamation  which  appears  in  the  Commonwealth  Gazette,  No.  38, 
dated  March  26, 1919,  under  the  quarantine  act  1908-1915,  which  pro- 
hibits the  importation  of  citrus  plants  (including  citrus  fruits)  into 
Australia  from  any  part  of  the  world  in  which  citrus  canker  or  Jap- 
anese canker  exists.  This  regulation  was  modified  by  a proclamation 
under  the  quarantine  act,  dated  July  15,  1920  (Commonwealth  Ga- 
zette, No.  60),  so  as  to  permit  the  importation  of  citrus  fruits  from 
California  and  Arizona,  subject  to  the  condition  that  each  consign- 
ment is  accompanied  by  an  official  certificate  dated  and  signed  by  a 
responsible  officer  of  a Government  department  of  the  country  of 
origin,  giving  the  name  of  the  State  in  which  it  was  grown,  identifying 
the  fruit,  stating  the  quantity,  and  certifying  (a)  that  the  fruit  was 
grown  in  the  State  specified,  ( b ) that  citrus  canker  does  not  exist  in 
the  said  State,  and  (c)  that  the  consignment  is  free  from  citrus 
canker  and  from  all  other  diseases. 

A proclamation  dated  July  19,  1917  (Commonwealth  Gazette,  No. 
14),  prohibits  the  importation  of  apples  unless  the  consent  in  writing 
of  the  Minister  of  State  for  Trade  and  Customs  has  first  been  ob- 
tained. This  amounted  practically  to  a total  prohibition,  since  it 
was  extremely  difficult  for  shippers  to  obtain  transportation  so  far 
ahead  as  to  be  able  to  receive  the  written  consent  of  the  minister 
from  Australia  before  shipping  their  goods.  This  proclamation  was 


Australia  and  New  Zealand  as  Markets  for  Fruit.  7 

modified  by  a proclamation  effective  May  19,  1920,  under  which  the 
import  prohibitions  relating  to  apples  ceased  to  operate. 

Under  the  Commonwealth  quarantine  act  of  1908-1915  the  impor- 
tation into  Western  Australia  of  apples,  pears  and  quinces  from  any 
part  of  the  world  except  the  other  States  of  the  Commonwealth  is 
prohibited.  Under  this  act  also  the  removal  of  apple,  pear,  and 
quince  trees  from  any  other  Australian  State  into  Western  Australia 
and  the  removal  of  grapevines  or  any  parts  thereof  from  the  States 
of  New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and  Queensland  into  the  States  of 
South  Australia  and  Western  Australia  is  prohibited. 

By  the  same  act  total  prohibition  also  exists  against  the  importa- 
tion into  Western  Australia  of  walnuts  shipped  from  or  grown  in 
California.  However,  by  a special  exemption,  fruit  or  vegetables  to 
be  used  solely  for  food  may  be  imported  into  Western  Australia  at 
ports  north  of  Geraldton,  a coastal  town  lying  about  300  miles  north 
of  Perth.  The  fact  that  any  ports  lying  north  of  Geraldton  would 
be  in  the  Tropics  and  therefore  unfit  for  apple  or  pear  growing  is 
probably  the  reason  for  the  exemption. 

Rules  in  regard  to  trade  descriptions  are  also  important.  Regu- 
lations under  the  commerce  act  of  1905  provide  that  in  the  case  of 
articles  used  for  food  by  man  there  shall  be  applied  to  the  goods,  or 
where  affixture  to  the  goods  is  impracticable,  to  the  coverings  con- 
taining the  goods,  a notice  giving  a true  description  of  the  goods  as 
well  as  the  name  of  the  country  or  place  in  which  the  goods  were 
made  or  produced. 

New  Zealand. — Any  fruit  other  than  grapes,  which  may  be  imported 
from  Australia  alone,  may  be  introduced  into  New  Zealand,  provided 
every  shipment  of  fruit  is  accompanied  by  a certificate,  signed  by 
the  shipper,  giving  the  shipping  marks  and  the  number  of  packages 
of  each  class  shipped  under  each  mark,  the  name  of  the  grower,  the 
locality,  country,  or  place  of  growth,  and  attesting  that  no  species 
of  fruit  fly  is  known  to  exist  in  or  within  1 mile  of  the  orchard  where 
such  fruit  was  grown  and  that  the  fruit  is  contained  in  clean  new 
packages  not  previously  used  for  any  purpose.  Another  certificate 
must  be  inclosed,  signed  by  an  officer  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture or  other  department  relating  to  horticulture  in  the  country  where 
such  fruit  was  grown,  to  the  effect  that  the  fruit  shipped  is  clean  and 
free  from  disease  and  that  no  species  of  fruit  fly  is  known  to  exist 
in  or  within  1 mile  of  the  orchard  where  such  fruit  is  certified  by  the 
shipper  to  have  been  grown. 

The  Agricultural  Department  in  New  Zealand  examines  all  imported 
fruits  free  of  charge,  destroying  whatever  is  affected  with  such  dis- 
eases as  codling  moth,  black  spot,  and  fruit  fly.  To  make  this  exami- 
nation effective,  the  ports  of  Auckland,  Wellington,  Lyttelton,  Dune- 
din, and  The  Bluff  are  appointed  to  be  the  only  ports  of  entry  for 
fruit. 


8 Department  Circular  145,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


METHODS  OF  MARKETING  IMPORTED  FRUITS. 

Australia. — Practically  all  fruit  from  California  and  the  Northwest 
coming  into  the  Australian  markets  has  been  handled  hy  one  firm. 
Its  representative  operates  on  the  Pacific  coast,  buying  the  fruit 
either  direct  from  the  grower  or  from  an  association,  the  terms  usu- 
ally being  f.  o.  b.  shipping  point.  This  firm  has  practically  had  the 
control  of  the  import  fruit  trade,  as  it  has  contracted  for  all  the 
refrigerators  of  one  steamship  line  and  also  for  a large  proportion  of 
another  company’s  cool-room  accommodation.  With  these  advan- 
tages, the  association  holds  a strong  position  in  the  market  and 
obtains  high  prices,  for  the  Sydney  public  at  least,  will  pay  high 
prices  for  first-quality  product. 

Some  space  on  one  steamship  company’s  liners  has  been  used  by 
other  importers,  but  the  space  allotted  is  small.  Again,  some  con- 
signments have  been  carried  on  deck,  but  they  rarely  arrived  in 
good  condition. 

At  the  markets  the  fruit  is  sold  hy  a commission  agent  or  by  the 
Australian  Fruit  and  Produce  Association  to  the  retailer.  Sometimes 
another  middleman  enters,  when  fruit  is  bought  to  sell  to  the  retailers 
in  the  country  towns,  and  there  are  also  times  when  a commission 
agent  will  buy  from  the  association  to  sell  again,  but  in  most  cases 
its  course  is  from  the  grower  to  the  middleman,  to  the  retailer,  to 
the  consumer. 

Sydney  is  the  center  for  the  marketing  of  American  fruits,  as  all 
boats  coming  from  America  equipped  to  carry  fruit  make  Sydney 
their  terminus,  and  fruit  destined  for  other  ports  must  be  trans- 
shipped. It  is  considered  that  the  Fruit  Exchange,  Bathurst  Street, 
Sydney,  constitutes  the  leading  fruit  market.  This  exchange  han- 
dles the  bulk  of  the  good  fruit  sold  in  Sydney.  The  markets  of  this 
exchange  are  owned  and  controlled  by  a company  composed  princi- 
pally of  fruit  growers  and  fruit  merchants. 

Some  of  the  fruit  merchants  operating  in  the  Fruit  Exchange  buy 
the  best  grades  of  fruit  from  the  agents  and  send  it  out  into  the 
country  districts.  These  merchants  must  have  the  very  best  grades, 
as  transportation  to  the  country  is  likely  to  be  slow,  and  the  handling 
of  perishable  articles  is  of  the  poorest.  The  pack  of  the  American 
fruit  is  so  superior  to  the  Australian  pack  that  merchants  prefer  to 
pay  as  much  as  $1.20  per  case  more  for  American  fruit  for  the  sake 
of  getting  it  to  its  destination  in  good  condition.  They  have  tried 
to  import  American  apples  direct,  but  owing  to  their  inability  to 
obtain  refrigeration  their  efforts  were  unsuccessful. 

The  municipal  markets,  Haymarket,  Sydney,  retail  both  vegeta- 
bles and  fruit  and  also  do  a wholesale  business,  but  buyers  of  special 
lines  are  rather  inclined  to  give  their  attention  to  the  Fruit  Exchange. 


9 


Australia  and  New  Zealand  as  Markets  for  Fruit. 

The  markets  are  owned  and  controlled  by  the  City  Municipal  Coun- 
cil, and  the  allotments  of  space  cost  more  than  at  the  Fruit  Exchange. 
The  municipal  markets  are  comparatively  new  buildings,  specially 
built  for  the  purpose  of  their  present  use,  and  are  in  fairly  close 
proximity  to  the  railway  station. 

The  methods  of  marketing  vary  little  in  the  other  States  of  the 
Australian  Commonwealth,  but  as  Sydney  is  the  import  center  more 
attention  has  been  paid  in  this  report  to  its  markets. 

New  Zealand. — There  are  about  26  fruit-importing  firms  in  New 
Zealand,  distributed  among  the  provincial  districts.  The  importers 
deal  direct  with  American  merchants.  In  making  importations 
fipance  is  usually  met  by  an  advance  of  a letter  of  credit  on  presenta- 
tion of  shipping  documents  in  America,  at  per  case  or  as  arranged. 
Most  of  the  American  merchants  prefer  to  sell  outright,  with  pay- 
ment when  shipment  is  made,  but  complaints  have  been  made  by 
importers  in  New  Zealand  that  this  method  presents  too  much 
opportunity  to  the  unscrupulous  few. 

In  some  cases  these  importers  handle  the  fruit  on  consignment, 
paying  the  American  shipper  pro-forma  payment  on  all  consignments 
and  then  selling  the  fruit  privately  and  by  auction,  a large  quantity 
going  to  retailers.  All  of  the  importers  are  willing  to  do  this  class 
of  business.  Imported  fresh  fruits  are  almost  exclusively  dealt  in 
by  fruit  brokers  on  consignment.  Sometimes  several  will  place  a 
combined  order.  Commissions  vary  from  7 to  10  per  cent,  but  the 
most  usual  is  7\  per  cent. 

The  margin  of  profit  for  fruit  importers  is  always  fixed  by  supply 
and  demand.  When  fruit  is  bought  by  agents  in  America  it  is  paid 
for  before  shipment,  but  if  shipped  on  consignment,  the  consignors 
usually  draw  for  a proportion  of  cost,  and  the  remainder  is  settled  by 
bank  draft  after  the  fruit  is  disposed  of. 

It  is  generally  believed  that  two  firms  practically  supply  the  whole 
of  New  Zealand  and  arrange  with  the  principal  firms  in  each  main 
center  to  sell  at  a fixed  price,  which  plan  works  smoothly  until  some 
unexpected  circumstance  upsets  demand  and  causes  the  fruit  to  be 
sold  by  auction  at  the  retail  buyers'  idea  of  value,  often  showing 
heavy  losses  to  shippers  or  buyers,  as  the  case  may  be.  There  is  a 
very  loose  organization  between  the  different  importers  in  New  Zea- 
land, but  it  seems  to  have  no  effect  upon  the  import  trade. 

Not  many  wholesale  fruit  dealers  operate  in  New  Zealand.  Auck- 
land contains  about  250  retailers  and  probably  about  10  wholesalers, 
some  of  whom  handle  retail  fruit  as  well.  The  facilities  for  doing 
business  are  those  usual  in  this  country  for  retailing  any  other  com- 
modity, and  little  is  done  to  promote  sales  and  market  development 
work. 


10  Department  Circular  lk5,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

COST  TO  AMERICAN  SHIPPERS. 

A thoroughly  useful  discussion  of  costs  of  exporting  fruits  to  these 
countries  is  not  practicable,  since  the  only  available  figures  are  pre- 
war or  relate  to  times  of  abnormal  conditions.  However,  a few  illlus- 
trations  are  given  as  possible  bases  for  estimates. 

Australia. — Freight  rates  per  ton  for  fruit  carried  as  ordinary 
cargo  by  water  between  Melbourne  and  other  Australian  ports  varied, 
in  1917,  from  $3.41  to  Sydney  to  $17.35  to  Port  Douglas  and  Cook- 
town.  Railway  freight  rates  from  Melbourne  to  various  inland 
towns  varied  from  $1.38  for  fresh  fruits  and  $4.93  for  dried  to  Hamil- 
ton (43  miles)  to  $6.54  and  $32.69  to  Mildura  (351  miles). 

In  addition  to  the  ordinary  transportation  charges  for  fruit  im- 
ported into  Australia  there  must  be  added  the  charges  for  dockage, 
lighterage,  transshipment  dues  and  conveyance  to  the  ultimate  mar- 
kets of  distribution.  These  expenses  vary  with  the  different  fruits. 
For  apples  imported  through  Sydney  and  Melbourne  such  dues  and 
charges  are  about  as  follows : 


Coastal  rates  of  freight . 


From  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  to — 

Per  ton  of 
40  cubic 
feet  in 
dollars. 

From  Melbourne,  Victoria,  to— 

Per  ton  of 
40  cubic 
feet  in 
dollars. 

Mnlhny'rno  Vietorlfl 

3.41 

Sydney,  New  South  Wales 

3. 41 

5. 17 

Brisbane,  Queensland 

7.37 

Brisbane,  Queensland 

A /lAlairlo  Smith  A nctTollfi 

5.  54 

Adelaide,  South  Australia 

3. 41 

A lV\onxr  WT act orn  A nctrfilip 

11.  81 

Albany,  Western  Australia 

9. 31 

iVl  Dally , VV  t/blvl  11  U.O II  dl Id  . 

Fremantle,  Western  Australia 

11.81 

Fremantle,  Western  Australia 

9. 31 

Dock  dues  (wharfage)  at  Sydney  on  direct  importations  not 
intended  for  transshipment  are  73  cents  per  ton  of  40  cubic  feet. 
If  transshipped  within  48  hours  the  fee  is  12  cents  additional;  if 
transshipped  after  48  hours,  24  cents  additional.  Cartage  for  a 
double  or  pine  case  is  4 cents;  for  a bushel  case  3 cents;  for  a half- 
bushel case  2 cents. 

At  Melbourne  apples  discharged  in  River  Yarra  are  assessed  a fee 
of  27  cents  per  ton  of  40  cubic  feet  or  1.5  cents  per  case.  Dock 
dues  on  direct  importations  not  for  transshipment,  or  if  transshipped 
within  48  hours,  are  80  cents  per  ton;  after  48  hours  of  discharge  the 
fee  for  transshipping  is  24  cents,  and  an  additional  wharfage  charge 
is  made  at  final  destination.  Cartage  per  ton  of  40  cubic  feet  at 
Melbourne  is  60  cents.  At  Melbourne  there  is  also  a small  lighterage 
fee:  Overside  minimum  of  50  tons  (thus  saving  sorting  and  packing 
charges),  72  cents;  from  wharf  minimum  of  25  tons,  84  cents. 

New  Zealand. — American  fruit  is  imported  into  New  Zealand 
through  the  San  Francisco  Mail  Service  direct  to  Wellington,  and 
to  Auckland  direct  from  Vancouver  via  the  Canadian  Mail  Service. 


Australia  and  New  Zealand  as  Markets  for  Fruit.  H 

Wellington  is  connected  with  other  coastal  points,  including  Lyttelton, 
Auckland,  Gisborne,  Napier,  and  Dunedin,  by  both  rail  and  steamer. 
The  frequency  of  service  varies  and  of  course  was  somewhat  irregular 
during  the  war. 

Fruit  reaching  New  Zealand  from  the  Pacific  coast  is  usually 
landed  at  either  Auckland  or  Wellington,  and  the  rate  of  coastal 
freight  from  either  of  these  places  to  the  other  main  ports,  Lyttelton, 
Dunedin,  or  Napier,  is  approximately  $4.87  per  40  cubic  feet.  Har- 
bor board  transshipment  charges  depend  upon  the  length  of  storage 
time  incurred,  but  may  be  reckoned  at  about  $1.22  per  40  cubic  feet. 
There  are  no  arrangements  for  booking  fruit  through  to  inland  points 
but  if  transshipments  are  required  there  will  be  a further  charge  for 
cartage  of  about  $1.22  per  40  cubic  feet,  which  will  include  cost  of 
loading  into  railway  trucks. 

The  rates  from  the  Pacific  coast  to  ports  of  call  in  New  Zealand 
have  varied  considerably.  Before  the  war  they  stood  at  about  $15 
per  40  cubic  feet,  but  since  then  they  have  advanced  in  proportion 
to  the  ruling  rates  on  general  cargo. 

For  the  season  of  1919  the  “cold  storage”  rate  was  fixed  at  $40, 
and  the  rates  for  “on  deck”  and  “ 'tween  deck”  shipments  were 
the  same  as  the  current  general  cargo  rates. 

POSSIBILITIES  OF  INCREASING  AMERICAN  TRADE. 

The  trade  with  Australia  and  New  Zealand  has  reached  its  present 
dimensions  largely  because  the  exporters  have  faithfully  endeavored 
to  ascertain  what  Australia  and  New  Zealand  required  and  to  dis- 
cover and  strengthen  the  weak  links  in  the  business.  Every  effort 
should  be  made  to  continue  the  trade  on  this  basis. 

Australia. — To  develop  the  fruit  trade  with  Australia  much  further 
it  will  be  necessary  for  American  growers  to  get  into  closer  touch  with 
the  wholesale  market  men  and  to  ship  on  consignment,  thereby  con- 
verting a narrow  channel  into  a much  broader  one  and  effecting  a 
more  direct  and  less  expensive  method  of  marketing. 

There  are  many  limiting  factors  which  should  be  carefully  con- 
sidered in  connection  with  the  development  of  this  trade.  One 
of  the  most  serious  is  the  present  limitation  of  shipping  facilities 
and  the  fact  that  space  suitable  for  shipping  fruit  in  this  trade  is 
practically  all  held  by  contract  by  one  or  two  parties.  Development 
of  such  facilities  is  one  of  the  most  urgent  needs  of  the  industry. 

There  has  been  a natural  restriction  on  the  American-Australian 
fruit  trade  because  the  Australian  importer  has  had  to  figure  his 
purchase  profit  based  upon  landed  cost  per  case  and  has  had  to 
limit  speculations  in  order  to  make  this  profit  secure.  The  fact  that 
fruit  must  be  delivered  in  refrigerated  chambers  at  certain  seasons 
only,  and  the  disinclination  of  American  producers  to  consign  fruit 


12  Department  Circular  lk5,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture . 


except  upon  a straightout  purchase  have  been  other  limitations. 
Practically  the  whole  of  the  business  between  Australia  and  the  United 
States  has  been  on  an  f.  o.  b.  basis,  the  shippers  drawing  against  bank 
credit  at  port  of  shipment.  These  terms  would  be  satisfactory  if 
shippers  always  carried  out  their  part  of  the  contract  according  to 
instructions,  but  some  Australian  firms  have  lost  large  sums  of  money 
because  instructions  regarding  varieties,  sizes,  and  other  requirements 
have  not  been  observed  by  shippers. 

The  grading  and  packing  of  American  fruit  as  received  in  Australia 
are  excellent,  but  to  conform  to  Australian  grading  laws  the  fruit 
must  be  marked  A,  B,  or  C,  according  to  size  and  quality.  Australian 
quarantine  legislation  also  demands  rigid  inspection  and  certification 
of  fruit. 

At  present  only  small  shipments  of  fruits  other  than  navel  oranges, 
mandarins,  lemons,  and  apples  are  recommended  for  Australia,  and 
American  fruits  are  allowed  on  the  market  only  when  there  are  no 
local  deciduous  or  citrus  fruits  available.  (See  Table  YI.)  Sydney 
and  Brisbane  offer  better  opportunities  for  American  fruits  than 
Melbourne  under  present  conditions.  American  apples  almost  al- 
ways arrive  in  good  condition,  when  shipped  by  steamers  suitable 
for  fruit  carrying;  they  are  well  graded  and  of  fine  color.  Oranges 
are  shipped  annually  from  California  in  November  and. find  a ready 
market,  but  pears  prove  a very  risky  importation.  Of  the  dried 
fruits,  prunes,  and  apricots  from  California  arrive  in  good  order,  but 
are  considered  inferior  in  size  and  quality  to  the  locally  grown  fruit. 
Figs  from  America  usually  arrive  in  a more  or  less  acid  condition. 
Bottled  olives  are  first  class  in  every  way. 

New  Zealand. — In  New  Zealand,  especially,  American  apples  find 
a ready  sale,  as  they  can  arrive  there  only  during  the  off  season  and 
the  more  farsighted  producers  are  opposed  to  placing  any  embargo 
on  imported  fruit.  Prospects  are  good  for  the  increase  of  American 
apples  in  New  Zealand  if  they  can  be  landed  from  the  Northern 
States,  but  at  the  present  time  Canada  has  preference  on  the  mail 
steamers. 

The  best  varieties  of  apples  for  the  New  Zealand  market  are  King 
David,  Jonathan,  Esopus  (Spitzenberg),  Winesap,  Missouri  Pippin, 
Yellow  Newtown  (Newtown  Pippin), McIntosh,  Salome,  and  Delicious. 
A certain  quantity  of  oranges  and  lemons  will  always  be  required, 
the  home-grown  lemon  being  very  inferior  at  present  to  imported 
varieties.  Grapes  have  so  far  proved  unsatisfactory,  owing  to  the  dis- 
tance to  be  carried,  but  if  means  can  be  found  of  landing  them  in 
a marketable  condition  they  should  find  a ready  sale.  The  grape- 
fruit probably  has  the  greatest  opportunity,  for  although  at  the  present 
time  it  is  practically  unknown  in  New  Zealand,  it  seems  likely  to 
become  popular. 


Australia  and  New  Zealand  as  Markets  for  Fruit.  13 


The  best  grade  and  pack  is  essential  for  the  New  Zealand  market. 
As  regards  size,  apples  should  run  from  150  to  225  and  oranges  from 
126  to  250.  The  present  case  used  for  apples  is  suitable,  but  it  is 
thought  that  a pack  half  the  size  of  the  case  used  at  present  for 
oranges  and  lemons  could  compete  more  readily  with  the  Italian  case. 

Dried,  canned,  and  preserved  fruits  will  probably  always  command 
a market  in  New  Zealand,  and  it  seems  probable  that  the  United 
States  will  continue  to  hold  first  place,  although  with  the  growth  of 
the  home  industry  the  demand  for  American  products  is  likely  to 
decrease,  and  there  will  probably  be  keen  competition  with  Canada. 

It  is  to  the  New  Zealand  of  the  future,  of  course,  that  American 
exporters  should  look  rather  than  to  the  actual  market  of  the  present. 
With  the  gradual  opening  up  of  the  country  by  settlement  and  in- 
creased transport  facilities,  and  particularly  with  the  growth  of 
mutual  understanding  and  friendly  feeling  between  the  two  countries, 
a closer  trade  union  between  America  and  New  Zealand  seems 
certain. 

Both  Australia  and  New  Zealand  will  offer  promising  fields  for 
publicity  campaigns  with  the  usual  tools  of  educational  folders, 
posters  and  one  or  two  agents,  as  rapidly  as  increased  shipping 
facilities  and  a more  definite  policy  regarding  restrictions  make  it 
possible  to  fill  an  increased  demand  for  fruit. 

APPENDIX. 

Table  I. — Production  of  fruits  in  the  Commonwealth  of  Australia.1 

[Average  of  1914-1917.] 


Fruit. 

Unit  of 
measure. 

New 

South 

Wales. 

Victoria. 

Queens- 

land. 

South 

Australia. 

West 

Australia. 

Tasmania. 

Total.2 3 4 

Apples 

Apricots 

Bananas 

Bushel... 

...do 

Bunch. .. 

515,228 

72,472 

1,360,531 

194,318 

35,458 

3.667 
1,106,968 

422 

24,743 

6,960 

505 

11,848 

86,401 

3.668 
2,541 

287, 566 
5, 231 
46,027 
54,110 
3,196 
945 
869,668 
9,929 
486 

129,823 

408,730 

129,203 

436,797 

28,404 

32,440 

1,651,447 

72,876 

4,410,001 

501,045 

Cherries 

Coconut 

Bushel... 
Dozen . . . 

54,749 

62,272 

26,185 

5,527 

149,207 

24,743 

6,960 

87,980 

328,561 

86,469 

24,307 

Custard  ap- 
ples  

Bushel. . . 

Figs 

Lemons 

Mangoes 

....do.... 
do  — 

5,262 

210,130 

63 

(<) 

37, 118 
853,530 
55,170 
35 

6 455,943 
132, 227 
5, 832 
4, 156 
117,769 
36, 268 

21,286 

59,071 

11,966 

21,781 

48,961 

25,731 

Nectarines . . . 
Nuts 

Pound. .. 
Bushel... 
do 

7,774 

90,893 

68,880 

9,143 

468, 460 
101,487 

i2,865 

Oranges 

Passion  fruit . 

137,022 

1,448,485 

69,544 

Pawpaws 

Peaches 

Pears 

Persimmons.. 

Dozen 

Bushel... 

....do.... 

....do.... 

456,278 

554,873 

102,596 

101,121 

74,586 

71,929 

6,727 

161,376 

1, 150,350 
1,024,823 
6,777 
873,824 
539,011 
156,352 
39,066 
463,251 

Pineapples. . . 

Plums 

Quinces 

Raspberries.. 

Strawberries.. 

Dozen  ... 
Bushel. . . 
....do.... 
100  lbs... 
Quart 

228,023 

71,203 

4,847 

197,811 

88,490 
29,843 
2, 252 
70,560 

48,307 

9,773 

23,107 

46,346 

8,625 

31,967 

41,950 

1 Australia.  Bureau  of  Census  and  Statistics.  Production  Bulletin,  Nos.  9, 10, 11. 

2 The  totals  include  the  following  average  amounts  of  fruit  produced  in  Federal  Territory:  1,810 
bushels  of  apples,  105  bushels  of  apricots,  52  bushels  of  cherries,  110  bushels  of  peaches,  101  bushels  of 
pears,  147  bushels  of  plums,  and  154  bushels  of  quinces. 

3 Bushels. 

4 Included  with  peaches. 

3 Includes  nectarines. 


14  Department  Circular  ib5,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Table  II. — Exports  of  fruit  from  Australia.1 
[Average  for  1912  and  1913.] 


Exported  to — 

Fresh  fruits. 

Dried  Fruits. 

Apples. 

Citrus 

fruits. 

Pine- 

apples. 

Other 

fresh 

fruits. 

Raisins, 

Sultanas. 

Raisins, 

other. 

Currants. 

Other 

dried 

fruits. 

Boxes .2 
749, 228 

Pounds. 

11,600 

Boxes.3 

1 

Pounds. 

1,982,250 

Pounds. 
486, 679 
4 116, 760 

Pounds. 
468,080 
4 165, 816 

Pounds. 
90, 994 
76,720 

Pounds 
105, 962 

Canada... ..7 

Ceylon 

4, 832 
1,656 
852 
9,610 
11, 758 
3,353 
11,365 
369 
9,938 
4,239 
174,352 
609 
2,885 
2,081 
41, 162 
22, 213 
35, 832 
8,190 
2,051 

86, 800 
43,350 
8,000 
12,050 
1,319, 150 
47, 150 
35,400 
9,450 
4 49, 600 

Fiji  Islands 

1,753 

Hongkong 

India 

4 2,600 
162,757 

New  Zealand 

3,204,250 

6,865 

420, 261 

44,418 

178, 390 

Straits  Settlements 

Union  of  South  Africa. . . 
Other  British  colonies. . . 
Belgium 

62,077 
4 3, 456 

71, 662 
4 4, 062  j 

57, 958 

3,117 

&59,360 

10,550 



52 

Denmark 

Germany 

519,550 

Italy 

Sweden 

Philippine  Islands 

4 11,400 

23,350 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Uruguay 

East  Indies 

86, 650 
4 36, 600 

6 56 
5 168 

5,330 

2,004 

Other  countries 

4 5, 700 

52 

7,580 

4,482 

Exporting  States. 
New  South  Wales 

17,807 
299, 513 
52 
84,823 
43  205 
651, 220 

2, 770,350 
461, 400 
1, 150 
12,000 

5,801 

1,066 

3 

1,090,050 

1,471,250 

1,650 

260,550 

444,200 

77, 125 
839,080 
284 
121,328 

88, 161 
250,482 
138 
336,853 
28 

104,478 

185,776 

231 

121,804 

13,205 
152, 992 
378 

100, 168 
14 

46,412 

Victoria 

Queensland 

South  Australia 

Western  Australia 

Tasmania 

979,400 

i 

! 

Table  III. — Exports  of  fruits  (fresh  apples  and  pears)  from  New  Zealand .6 
[Average  for  1912  and  1913.] 


Exported  to— 

Boxes. 

Exported  to — 

Boxes. 

United  Kingdom 

4,117 
5 81 
5 1,408 
114 
9, 787 

Uruguay 

5,883 
97 
102 
4 184 
13 

United  States 

Friendly  Islands 

Canada 

Navigator  Islands 

Fiji  Islands 

Brazil 

Argentina 

All  other  countries 

Australia.  Bureau  of  Census  and  Statistics.  Trade,  Customs  and  Excise  Revenue,  1912  and  1913. 
- Converted  to  United  States  equivalents  on  the  basis'that  1 box  is  equal  to  50  pounds. 

3 Converted  to  United  States  equivalents  cn  the  basis  that  1 box  is  equal  to  80  pounds. 

4 1913  only. 

5 1912  only. 

Dominion  of  New  Zealand.  Statistics,  1912  and  1913. 


15 


Australia  and  New  Zealand  as  Markets  for  Fruit. 


Table  IV. — Imports  of  fruits  into  Australia.1 
[Average  for  1912  and  1913.] 


Imported  from — 

Dried  fruits. 

Fresh  fruits. 

Raisins, 

Sultanas. 

Raisins, 

other. 

Dates. 

Currants. 

Other 

dried 

fruits. 

Apples. 

Citrus 

fruits. 

Bananas. 

United  Kingdom.. 
Canada 

Pounds. 
1, 158 

Pounds. 
28, 044 

Pounds. 
939, 774 

Pounds. 

5,034 

Pounds. 
235, 922 
3 19, 150 
100, 176 
4 6,  833 
3 14,  455 

Boxes .2 3 4 

Pounds. 
31, 247 

Pounds. 

14, 510 

Hongkong 

24, 726 
183, 161 

Egypt..... 

3 93 

34, 662 
520,  454 

India 

Fiji  Islands 

1 22, 308 
24,  437 
23, 693 

30,274,850 

New  Zealand 

5,058 

7,028 

Straits  Settlements 
Java 

286 

4 224 

34,650 

145,050 

Aden 

4 546, 828 

7,965 
1, 204, 809 
2, 144, 299 

Other  British 
colonies 

1,237 

56 

3 18,101 

Arabia 

4 4, 217 
218, 416 
34, 770 
2,785 
73, 509 
29,086 
24, 398 
2,811 
65,  415 
1,050, 811 

Asia  Minor 

29, 196 

3, 776 

41,386 

Belgium 

China 

120 
32,260 
4 95, 577 

1.926 

France 

8,463 
4 3, 438 
3,  499 
50,399 
7,117 
20, 727 

15, 149 

Germany 

4 11, 674 
3 5, 683 

Italy 

4 9,964 

2,944,649 

Spain 

Turkey 

313 

377,  704 
4 51,  918 
1, 179, 582 

United  States 

80,366 

117, 126 

Persia 

Greece 

3,199 

3 13, 367 

134, 886 
4 93 

Other  countries . . . 

4,7, 163 

8,524 

159, 650 

IMPORTING  STATES. 

New  South  Wales. 
Victoria 

14, 720 
24,580 
567 
313 
8,977 
800 
406 

71,965 
17, 798 
6,150 
5,289 
30, 535 

3,086,039 
2,034,931 
562, 049 
614, 472 
358, 111 
131,806 
240 

119, 677 
27, 123 
3, 122 

862,040 
334, 189 
462, 773 
74,564 
139, 074 
4,309 
6,580 

92,130 

1, 200, 768 
1, 107,  774 
350,518 
42,329 
692,371 
16, 073 
7,632 

18,706,200 

11,722,550 

100 

Queensland 

2,792 

South  Australia... 
Western  Australia. 
Tasmania 

12,543 

2,082 

336 

185,350 

10 

Northern  Territory 

Table  V. — Imports  of  fruits  into  New  Zealand ,5 
[Average  for  1912  and  1913.] 


Dried  fruits. 


Fresh  fruits. 


Imported 
from — 

Figs, 

dates, 

prunes. 

Currants. 

Raisins, 

dried. 

Plums, 

cherries, 

etc. 

Apples 

and 

pears. 

Grapes. 

Lemons. 

Bottled 

and 

preserved. 

Fruit 

pulp. 

United  King- 
dom  

Australia 

Hongkong 

Pounds. 
708,249 
43, 664 
63 
9,136 
3 1, 250 
2, 479 
3,931 
58, 142 

Pounds. 
27, 845 
171, 156 

Pounds. 
14, 404 
433,005 

Pounds. 

Boxes? 

Pounds. 

Boxes? 

Dozen. 
1,654 
5, 700 
1,173 
848 
3 546 
98 

Pounds. 

9,803 

41,915 

312,395 

9,  851 

67, 427 

5,979 

India 

Canada 

France 

Spain 

12, 516 

5, 035 
4 1, 792 
33, 608 
163, 109 
81, 832 

181, 593 
1,024, 710 
3 3, 052 

4 482 

14, 556 

16, 190 

Greece 

Italy 

1,675, 588 

2,104 

3 74 

Turkey  in  Eu- 
rope   

Asia  Minor 

Arabia 

Persia 

375,863 

541,026 

510,898 

69,821 

23,878 

111,566 
182,654 
3 5, 214 

Egypt 

Society  Islands.. 

3 1, 620 
4 80 
3,232,258 

4 8 

94, 788 
71,935 

Fiji  Islands 

United  States... 
Singapore 

845, 933 

3 5, 972 

5,040 

9,327 

326 

24,508 

4 1 
72 

Other  countries  j 146 

j 22 



54 

3 34, 419 
52 

2 B ureau  of  Census  and  Statistics.  Trade,  Customs  and  Excise  Revenue,  l1 

3 mTonlyd  t0  Umted  States  equivalents  on  the  basis  that  1 box  is  equal  to  50  pounds. 

4 1913  only. 

6 Dominion  of  New  Zealand.  Statistics,  1912  and  1913. 

Converted  to  United  States  equivalents  on  the  basis  that  1 box  is  equal  to  84  pounds. 


iyiz  ana  1913. 


Table  VI. — Marketing  seasons  of  home-grown  fruit  in  Australasia, 


16  Department  Circular  U5,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


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1 All  citrus  fruits  begin  about  April  in  north  and  extend  to  November  and  December  in  south. 


MARKETS  FOR  AMERICAN  FRUITS 
IN  CHINA 


WITH  RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR  AMERICAN 
SHIPPERS 

CLARENCE  W.  MOOMAW 

Specialist  in  Foreign  Marketing 
and 

MARJORIE  L.  FRANKLIN 

Scientific  Assistant 


Washington,  D.  C. 


December,  1920 


A Fruit  Store  in  Peking 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  146 


Contribution  from  the  Rureau  of  Markets 
GEORGE  LIVINGSTON,  Chief 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1920 


MARKETS  FOR  AMERICAN  FRUITS  IN  CHINA. 

With  Recommendations  for  American  Shippers. 


Introduction 

The  fruit  industry  of  China 

Production 

Exportation  of  domestic  fruits. . . 

Importation  of  fruits 

Fresh  fruits 

Dried  fruits 

The  import  duty  on  fruits 

Marketing  imported  fruits 

Wholesale  fruit  trade 

Retail  fruit  trade 

American  fruit  trade  with  China 

Fresh  fruits 

Dried  fruits ... 

Canned  and  preserved  fruits 

Storage  and  inland  transportation 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

3 

4 
4 
6 


8 

8 

9 

9 

9 

12 

12 

12 

13 

13 


Possibilities  for  developing  the  Chinese 

markets  for  American  fruits 

Prospects  for  fresh  fruits 

Prospects  for  dried  and  canned  fruits 

Recommendations  for  the  American  trade. . . 

Careful  preparation  and  handling 

Utilization  of  existing  trade  mediums.... 

Terms  and  sales 

Establishing  special  trade-marks 

Suggested  market  development  activities 

Special  representation  important 

Cooperation  a necessity 

Japan  as  a competitor 

Production 

Exportation  of  fruits 


Page. 

14 

15 
17 

17 

18 
18 
20 
21 
22 
22 
23 
23 

23 

24 


INTRODUCTION. 

T'HE  CLOSING  of  the  fruit  markets  of  the  United  Kingdom  to 
imported  products  and  the  greatly  reduced  outlets  to  the 
European  countries  and  South  America  during  the  war  caused 
an  active  interest  among  the  growers  and  shippers  of  the  United 
States  in  the  possibilities  of  developing  markets  across  the  Pacific. 
In  view  of  the  emergency  which  confronted  the  fruit  industry  by 
reason  of  the  war,  the  Bureau  of  Markets  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  undertook  in  1917  to  investigate  at  first  hand  the  fruit 
markets  of  the  Far  East  in  order,  if  possible,  to  discover  new  outlets 
and  prepare  the  way  for  future  development  work  there. 

Growers  and  shippers  of  the  Pacific  coast  fruits  have  long  believed 
t at  somewhere  in  the  Orient  there  was,  or  ought  to  be,  a large  out- 
let for  their  products.  Generally  it  was  assumed  that  since  the 
purchasing  power  there  was  low,  it  ought  to  be  matched  with  a 
low  priced  and  necessarily,  a low  grade  product,  and  the  idea  was 
entertained  that  if  such  produce  were  shipped  to  the  principal  ports, 
it  could  not  fail  to  meet  a ready  and  unlimited  market. 

The  term  “Far  East”  is  a designation  applied  to  those  countries 

u ly!ng  6aSt  °f  Persk’  Arabia-  India  and  Siam,  and  includes 
those  bordering  along  the  China  Sea,  the  Yellow  Sea,  and  the  Japan 

Sea  of  the  western  Pacific  Ocean.  The  countries  of  greatest  interest 
to  exporters  of  American  fruits  are  China,  the  Philippines,  Siberia, 
and  Japan.  1 


3 


4 Department  Circular  1^6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Of  these,  China  now  claims  the  chief  interest  of  the  American 
fruit  industry.  In  the  Philippines  the  establishment  of  trade  in 
American  fruits  was  coincident  with  the  American  occupation  and 
the  trade  depends  considerably  upon  the  political  status  of  the 
islands.  Siberia  at  this  time  can  be  considered  only  as  a negligible 
factor.  The  former  source  of  its  rich  trade  has  been  abolished  and 
will  have  to  be  rebuilt  under  fundamentally  new  conditions.  Japan, 
including  Chosen,  or  Korea,  is  found  to  be  a strong  competitor  of 
the  United  States  in  the  fruit  markets  of  the  Far  East  and  is  of 
interest  chiefly  for  that  reason.  This  circular,  therefore,  is  concerned 
primarily  with  conditions  in  China.1 

THE  FRUIT  INDUSTRY  OF  CHINA. 

PRODUCTION. 

The  climatic  range  of  China  is  comparable  with  that  of  the  United 
States,  but  with  more  of  a tropical  character  in  summer.  De- 
ciduous fruits  are  grown  abundantly  in  northern  China,  citrus 
fruit,  pineapples,  and  bananas  in  southern  China.  Large  orchards 
are  not  found  but  innumerable  small  ones  produce  a large  aggre- 
gate of  fruit.  No  attempt  is  made  by  the  Government  to  estimate 
or  record  these  crops;  therefore,  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the 
annual  production. 

Of  the  native  deciduous  fruits,  peaches  are  the  most  appreciated 
and  pears  are  second.  Pears  and  grapes  are  continuously  on  sale, 
being  kept  from  one  year  to  another  by  means  of  cold  storage,  the 
principles  of  which  have  been  thoroughly  understood  and  practiced 
in  China  for  centuries.  The  fruit  is  stored  in  deep  cellars  with  baskets 
of  broken  ice  in  order  to  maintain  a low  temperature. 

Southern  China  exports  considerable  quantities  of  oranges  to  all  • 
points  in  the  Far  East.  The  Foochow  district,  which  is  one  of 
the  largest  growing  sections,  produced  approximately  5,000  tons  of 
oranges  in  1917  or,  in  terms  of  California  equivalents,  138,889  boxes 
of  72  pounds  each,  a decline  of  30  per  cent  from  the  1916  crop. 
However,  the  1917  crop  was  not  up  to  the  standard  of  average 
production.  The  crop  of  1915  was  estimated  to  be  in  excess  of 
11,000  tons,  or  305,555  boxes.  Most  of  the  oranges  find  their  way 
to  north  China  ports,  and  up  to  January,  1918,  the  shipments  of 
the  preceding  season  from  Foochow  aggregated  2,750  tons.  The 
first  shipments  for  the  year  to  the  North  were  made  in  November. 

1 The  original  report  of  the  studies  conducted  by  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  contains  detailed  treatment 
of  the  fruit  market  possibilities  of  the  Far  East,  the  material  being  arranged  in  four  parts  under  the  heads 
of  the  countries  mentioned  in  the  preceding  paragraph.  The  purpose  of  this  circular  is  to  set  forth  the 
situation  in  regard  to  China.  For  those  who  are  interested  in  pursuing  the  subject  further,  the  results  of 
the  investigation  written  in  full  are  available  in  manuscript  form  in  the  files  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets  and 
may  be  borrowed  upon  request.  Advantage  is  taken  of  this  opportunity  to  acknowledge  the  cooperation 
of  the  American  Consular  Service  and  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  whose  Far  Eastern 
representatives  rendered  valuable  assistance  throughout  the  investigation. 


100"  IQfc* [08* M2* lie*  120* 


14168°— 20.  (To  face  page  4.) 


Fig.  1.— Commercial  map  of  China  and  vicinity. 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


5 


The  market  in  Peking  during  the  month  of  September  showed 
many  varieties  of  apples,  pears,  oranges,  pomeloes,  pomegranates, 
persimmons,  dates,  jujubes,  several  varieties  of  grapes  (including 
white,  red,  and  purple),  peaches,  quinces  and  plums.  Walnuts, 
chestnuts,  other  nuts,  and  peanuts  were  also  on  sale.  Most  of  the 
above-mentioned  fruits  were  being  sold  at  prices  that  seemed  low 
as  compared  with  retail  prices  in  the  United  States,  but  the  fruits 
that  had  been  transported  long  distances  were  naturally  more  ex- 
pensive than  those  grown  close  to  the  market.  Lemons  were  the 
only  American  fruit  found  in  the  market  at  this  time.  American 
apples  reach  Peking  and  Tientsin  in  limited  quantities  in  November 
and  later. 

In  Shanghai,  on  November  26,  1917,  the  official  quotations  of 
the  public  market  included  the  following  items,  which  are  here  given 
in  terms  of  both  Mexican  and  United  States  currency: 


Table  1. — The  retail  market  at  Shanghai  Jor  domestic  and  imported  fruits. 


Product. 

Unit. 

Mexican. 

Equivalent 
in  U.  S. 
currency. 

Apples: 

Chinese  and  Japanese 

Pound . 

Cents. 

10-13 

14- 17 
16-20 

5-  6 

15- 16 
8-10 

12-16 

5-  6 

6-  8 
6-  8 

12-16 

8-10 

8-14 

10-12 

Cents. 

7. 6-  9.  8 
10. 6-12.  9 
12. 1-15.  2 
3. 8-  4.  5 
11.4-12.1 

6. 0-  7.  6 

9. 1- 12. 1 
3.8-  4.5 
4.  5-  6.  0 
4. 5-  6. 0 
9. 1-12. 1 
6. 0-  7. 6 
6.  0-10. 6 
7-6-  9. 0 

United  States 

Canadian 

Bananas 

Coconuts 

Each  . 

Chestnuts 

Pound 

Grapes 

Lemons,  American 

Each 

Oranges,  native 

Pound 

Persimmons 

Pomeloes 

Pineapples 

Each 

Pears 

Pound 

Walnuts 

1 

The  above  quotations  give  a fair  idea  of  the  fruit  supply  and  com- 
parative prices  in  China  at  a season  when  American  apples  and  citrus 
fruits  are  in  the  market.  Chinese  apples  had  practically  disappeared 
at  this  time.  The  grapes  and  pears  were  from  home  storage  stocks 
of  north  China.  There  were  American  oranges  in  the  fruit  stores, 
but  at  higher  prices  than  those  mentioned  above.  The  summer 
fruits  of  China  are  abundant  and  cheap.  They  are  grown  locally 
almost  everywhere.  In  their  season  of  plenty,  during  summer  and 
fall,  native  apples  sell  in  Shanghai  for  less  than  $2  Mexican  for  50 
pounds,  or  in  terms  of  American  equivalents,  at  approximately  $1.50 
and  less  per  bushel,  according  to  exchange. 

The  Hongkong  market  conditions  for  October  and  November  were 
somewhat  the  reverse  of  those  noted  in  Peking.  There  were  less  of 
the  northern  or  Cheefoo  apples  and  pears  and  the  prices  were  higher, 
while  citrus  fruits  and  bananas  were  more  plentiful  and  cheaper  than 
in  the  North. 


6 Department  Circular  1^6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

EXPORTATION  OF  DOMESTIC  FRUITS. 

China  engages  in  a considerable  export  fruit  trade  with  the  Far 
Eastern  countries,  and  in  certain  fruits  such  as  oranges  and  pears  the 
future  possibilities  of  the  trade  are  believed  to  be  excellent.  A large 
part  of  this  trade  is  with  and  through  the  British  port  of  Hongkong, 
which  serves  as  the  chief  distributing  point. 


Fig.  2.— Exterior  of  a Shanghai  fruit  store.  This  small  shop  sold 
more  American  apples  than  any  other  store  in  China  during  the 
1916-17  season.  For  interior  display  see  figure  3. 


FRESH  FRUITS. 

During  the  six  years  1912-1917  China’s  exports  of  oranges  ranged 
from  333,839  boxes  in  1912  to  243,706  boxes  in  1917,  a decrease  of  27 
per  cent.  Pears  showed  an  irregular  movement,  increasing  from 
40,480  boxes  in  1912  to  124,461  boxes  in  1915,  an  increase  of  207  per 
cent.  Exports  of  this  fruit  fell  to  72,373  boxes  in  1917,  which,  however, 
still  represented  an  increase  over  the  export  figures  for  1912.  Ex- 
ports of  all  other  fresh  fruit  decreased  37  per  cent  during  this  period. 
These  decreases  were  caused  largely  by  the  increased  cost  of  Chinese 
currency  in  exchange,  the  increase  in  the  cost  of  goods  for  export 
being  proportionate  to  the  exchange.* 1 


1 Figures  are  taken  from  Table  3 in  original  manuscript,  based  on  China’s  Maritime  Customs:  Returns  of 
Trade  and  Trade  Reports  (1913, 1915, 1917,  Vol.  I,  Part  III).  Conversions  on  basis  of  1 picul=  133  J pounds; 

1 box  oranges=  78  pounds;  1 box  pears=50  pounds;  1 ton=  2,000  pounds. 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China.  7 

A large  part  of  the  export  fruit  trade  of  China  is  handled  by  the 
foreign  houses  at  Shanghai  and  Hongkong.  The  fruit  is  crudely  pre- 
pared for  market  and  does  not  present  an  attractive  appearance.  It 
is  cheap,  however,  even  with  the  addition  of  the  export  tax  of  5 per 
cent,  and  its  cheapness  together  with  the  low  charges  for  transpor- 
tation, is  a prime  consideration  in  foreign  markets  where  the  pur- 
chasing power  is  relatively  low. 

DRIED  AND  PRESERVED  FRUITS. 

China  also  carries  on  a substantial  export  trade  in  dried  and  pre- 
served fruit.  The  chief  product  is  the  dried  persimmon,  which  or- 
dinarily represents  about  30  per  cent  of  the  total  dried  fruit  trade. 
The  Chinese  statistics  do  not  classify  other  dried  fruits  separately 
and  it  is  impossible  to  show  the  exact  extent  of  the  trade.  As  in  the 
case  of  fresh  fruits,  the  trade  in  dried  fruits  is  handled  largely  by 
and  through  Hongkong.  Usually  this  port  receives  more  than  50 
per  cent  of  China’s  exports.  Large  quantities,  of  course,  are  re- 
exported to  other  Far  Eastern  countries,  but  in  the  absence  of  statis- 
tics it  is  impossible  to  indicate  the  full  amounts  of  Chinese  dried  fruits 
actually  imported  by  the  several  countries. 

IMPORTATION  OF  FRUITS. 

FRESH  FRUITS. 

In  the  Chinese  customs  imports  returns  fruits  are  not  classified,  and 
it  is  impossible,  therefore,  to  show  separately  the  exact  amounts  of 
the  several  fruits  received.  However,  for  the  purpose  of  indicating 
the  extent  of  China’s  import  trade  in  fresh  fruits  as  a whole,  a state- 
ment of  the  amounts  and  values  of  the  imports  by  countries  for  the 
years  1910  to  1916,  inclusive,  is  given  in  terms  of  American  equiv- 
alents. Statistics  are  not  available  for  the  preceding  years.  (See 
Appendix,  Tables  2 and  3.) 

The  outstanding  feature  of  Table  2 is  that  China’s  import  trade  in 
fresh  fruits  has  grown  extensively  since  1910,  the  first  year  for  which 
statistics  are  available.  The  highest  point  reached  was  in  1913, 
when  29,248,000  pounds  were  received  as  compared  with  8,602,789 
pounds  in  1910,  thus  registering  an  increase  of  approximately  240  per 
cent  in  a period  of  four  years.  A considerable  falling  off  will  be 
noted  between  1913  and  1915,  the  decrease  being  23  per  cent.  In 
1916  the  imports  increased  greatly,  being  little  short  of  the  peak 
in  1913. 

The  largest  import  trade  in  apples  is  with  Japan  and  the  second 
largest  with  the  United  States.  Japan  exported  18,476  boxes  to 
China  in  1911,  the  United  States,  18,298  boxes’  Japan’s  exports  of 


8 Department  Circular  1^6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


apples  in  1915  amounted  to  36,140  boxes,  those  from  the  United 
States  to  13,689  boxes.  The  statistics  for  Japan  are  significant, 
representing  substantial  increases.  The  gain  between  1911  and  1915 
is  approximately  96  per  cent. 

The  citrus  fruit  trade  with  the  United  States  is  very  small;  still  the 
United  States  customs  records  for  the  eight  years  ending  June  30, 
1917,  show  a steady  increase.  Imports  of  oranges  in  1910  amounted 
to  312  boxes,  in  1917  to  2,489  boxes;  shipments  of  lemons  increased 
from  1,999  boxes  in  1913  to  6,665  boxes  in  1917.  In  1918  shipments 
of  oranges  remained  about  the  same,  2,496  boxes,  while  the  imports  of 
lemons  decreased  slightly  to  5,246  boxes. 

DRIED  FRUITS. 

The  Chinese  import  statistics  do  not  classify  the  varieties  for  dried 
fruits.  It  is  interesting  to  note  (see  Tables  4 and  5,  Appendix)  that 
during  the  period  1911-1916  China’s  imports  of  dried  fruits  steadily 
increased. 

China  draws  its  dried  fruit  supplies  from  many  parts  of  the  globe. 
Hongkong  holds  the  predominating  position  in  the  trade,  as  the 
tables  show.  China  received  79  per  cent  of  its  total  imports  of  dried 
fruits  from  Hongkong  in  1911  and  83.3  per  cent  in  1916.  It  should 
be  remembered  that  both  Hongkong  and  Macao  act  as  intermediaries 
or  reexport  markets  for  the  same  overseas  countries  which  supply 
China  directly.  The  tables,  therefore,  do  not  represent  the  actual 
extent  of  the  imports  from  those  countries. 

The  position  of  Japan  in  the  dried  fruit  trade  with  China  is  the 
reverse  of  its  position  in  the  fresh  fruit  trade.  The  trade  is  small 
and  decreased  more  than  100  per  cent  in  six  years.  It  is  known  also 
that  the  Japanese  trade  through  Hongkong  and  Macao  is  limited. 

Practically  no  dried  fruit  has  been  sent  to  Chinese  territory  from 
Canada  and  Australia.  The  chief  items  contributed  by  the  United 
States  are  dried  apples,  apricots,  peaches,  prunes,  and  raisins.  More 
detailed  information  will  be  found  in  the  section  of  this  publication 
dealing  specifically  with  American  trade. 

THE  IMPORT  DUTY  ON  FRUITS. 

China’s  rate  of  duty  on  fruits  is  not  sufficiently  high  to  interfere 
with  the  development  of  the  trade.  For  fresh  and  dried  fruits  the 
rate  is  5 per  cent  ad  valorem  plus  5 per  cent  of  the  duty  as  a port 
charge,  which  jneans,  for  instance,  in  the  case  of  a box  of  apples 
valued  at  $2,  a custom  charge  of  10 J cents.  When  it  is  necessary 
to  use  weights  in  calculating  the  value  of  a cargo  net  weight  is 
employed. 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 
The  duty  on  preserved  and  canned  fruits  is  as  follows : 


9 


Taels. 

1 

American 
equiva- 
lents at 
prevailing 
rate  of 
exchange.1 

Canned  fruits  (apples,  pears,  peaches,  plums,  apricots,  grapes): 
For  table  use,  2\  pound  cans,  per  dozen 

0. 065 

$0. 069 
.060 

.064 

.125 

.520 

For  pies,  2^-pound  cans,  per  dozen 

. 057 

Jams  and  jellies: 

1-pound  tins,  bottles  or  jars,  per  dozen 

. 060 

2-pound  tins,  bottles  or  jars,  per  dozen . 

. 118 

Fruits,  preserved,  in  glass  bottles,  jars,  cardboard  or  wooden  boxes,  per  picul  of 
133£  pounds 

. 650 

Conversions  made  according  to  the  rate  of  exchange  prevailing  at  Shanghai  August  2, 1920,  when 
1 tael  was  worth  $1.06, 


MARKETING  IMPORTED  FRUITS. 

WHOLESALE  FRUIT  TRADE. 

Wholesale  distribution  of  imported  fruits  in  China  is  different  from 
the  process  in  the  United  States.  For  the  most  part,  the  importers 
are  the  wholesalers.  In  many  cases  the  large  retailers  engage  in  a 
wholesale  or  jobbing  trade  with  small  local  dealers  or  with  dealers  at 
outports  with  whom  they  have  continuous  connections.  But  usually 
the  importers  sell  direct  to  the  retailers  or  their  syndicates. 

In  considering  the  limited  wholesale  distribution  in  China  it  should 
be  remembered  that  thus  far  the  amount  of  fruit  imported  has  been 
rather  small,  and  that  the  sale  of  the  products  has  been  confined  to 
the  large  shops  of  a few  cities.  As  the  volume  of  the  trade  increases 
it  is  reasonable  to  believe  that  those  houses  which  engage  in  both  a 
retail  and  jobbing  business  may  develop  into  large  wholesale  dis- 
tributing establishments  and  possibly  in  time  may  undertake  to  do 
their  own  importing. 

RETAIL  FRUIT  TRADE. 

In  China,  as  in  the  United  States,  fruit  is  handled  by  a great 
variety  of  retail  mediums,  ranging  from  the  humble  peddler,  whose 
capital  is  his  load,  to  the  well-organized,  substantial  caterer’s  estab- 
lishment where  the  best  of  everything  in  the  fancy  goods  line  may  be 
purchased.  Imported  fruits  are  found  only  in  the  best  class  of  stores, 
as  a rule. 

In  the  large  cities  there  are  a few  department  and  provision  stores 
owned  and  operated  by  foreigners,  but  they  handle  only  a small  part 
of  the  fruit  sales,  even  to  the  foreign  population.  Many  of  the 
Chinese  stores  cater  primarily  to  foreigners  and,  because  of  low 
expense  of  operation,  are  able  to  and  actually  do  sell  for  lower  prices 
than  the  foreign  stores. 

14168°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  lk6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

The  native  fruits  are  handled  entirely  in  baskets  which  are  used 
almost  exclusively  in  displaying  fruit.  These  baskets  are  of  various 
sizes  and  shapes  and  often  of  artistic  design,  which  adds  to  the 
attractiveness  of  the  display.  (See  cover  design.)  Here  and  there 
in  the  shops  may  be  seen  large  earthen  jars  of  antique  appearance, 


which  are  the  cold  storages  of  the  retail  shop  that  keep  the  delicate 
fruits  fresh  and  cool  for  the  customers. 

In  the  purchase  of  supplies  the  retailers,  who  have  a satisfactory 
credit  standing  with  the  compradors,  deal  as  a rule  directly  with  the 
importers,  who  grant  them  liberal  terms.  Peddlers  and  small 


Fig.  3.— A display  of  fruit  in  the  store  shown  in  figure  2.  Bottom 
shelf  holds  Amoy  pineapples;  second  shelf,  Chinese  peaches  and 
plums;  third,  American  oranges  and  Shantung  peaches;  fourth, 
native  pomeloes,  oranges  and  lemons.  On  the  ledge  are  California 
grapefruit  and  oranges. 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China.  IX 

traders  who  can  not  meet  the  requirements  of  the  compradors  buy 
in  limited  quantities  from  some  native  merchant  who  may  have  an 
intimate  acquaintance  with  them.  In  many  cities  large  numbers  of 
the  retailers  purchase  their  supplies  of  fruits  collectively  through 
their  syndicates.  They  seem  to  realize  and  appreciate  fully  the 


benefits  of  cooperation,  for  which  they  are  very  keen.  The  organiza- 
tion and  methods  of  the  syndicates  are  expressive  of  the  simplicity 
of  the  Chinese  people.  When  the  retailers  find  it  too  difficult  to  deal 
as  individuals  with  the  importers  and  their  compradors  they  do  not 
wait  for  the  creation  of  an  independent  intermediary  to  serve  them. 
They  simply  discuss  the  matter  among  themselves,  combine  in  a 


Fig.  4.— The  attractive  display  of  a Canton  store.  All  these  fruits 
were  native  grown  with  the  exception  of  the  plate  of  wrapped  apples, 
which  were  Californian. 


12  Department  Circular  lk6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

loose  association,  and  delegate  one  or  more  of  their  number  to  secure 
an  estimate  of  the  general  requirements.  Then  they  buy  in  common. 
The  activities  of  the  organization  cease  when  the  purchasing  is 
accomplished. 

AMERICAN  FRUIT  TRADE  WITH  CHINA. 

FRESH  FRUITS. 

The  largest  amount  of  apples  sent  to  China  from  the  United  States 
in  any  one  year  was  24,784  boxes,  or  approximately  40  carloads.  The 
varieties  that  meet  with  most  favor  are  the  Yellow  Newtown,  Esopus 
(Spitzenberg),  and  Winesap.  The  grade  best  suited  to  the  trade  is  a 
good  “Fancy”  or  No.  2,  though  an  “Extra  Fancy”  is  wanted  in 
limited  quantities,  especially  for  the  Christmas  trade.  The  sizes 
liked  best  are  120s  to  163s,  but  both  larger  and  smaller  sizes  have 
reasonable  demand  and  sale.  As  a pack,  the  standard  Northwest 
apple  box  seems  to  be  satisfactory  for  this  trade. 

The  largest  annual  export  of  oranges  to  China  was  2,489  boxes 
and  of  lemons  6,665  boxes.  The  export  of  citrus  fruits,  while  not 
so  large  as  that  of  apples,  is  more  gratifying  in  that  it  shows  a steady 
increase.  All  stores  where  American  oranges  were  displayed  had 
only  the  large  and  fairly  large  sizes,  which  contrasted  favorably  with 
the  smaller  native  oranges.  The  sizes  generally  required  for  oranges 
are  126s  and  150s,  and  for  lemons  300s.  The  trade,  however,  has 
been  taking  small  quantities  of  176s  in  oranges  and  360s  in  lemons. 

DRIED  FRUITS. 

The  chief  demand  for  American  dried  fruits  is  found  in  the  winter 
months.  From  October  to  April  the  goods  can  be  stored  and  dis- 
tributed successfully  in  the  ordinary  packages.  For  the  rest  of  the 
year,  however,  because  of  the  hot  weather,  canned  goods  are  used 
almost  exclusively.  The  grades  required  are  from  medium  to  best. 
The  seedless  rather  than  the  seeded  raisin  is  demanded  almost 
entirely. 

Statistics  for  all  classes  of  dried  fruits  are  not  available  prior  to 
1906.  During  the  period  1906-1917  the  prune  trade  ranked  first, 
exports  from  the  United  States  to  China  as  a whole  ranging  from 
75,058  pounds  in  1908  to  208,554  pounds  in  1917.  Raisins  rank  next 
in  importance,  exports  from  the  United  States  amounting  to  66,871 
pounds  in  1906  and  82,055  pounds  in  1917.  During  the  12  years  the 
total  quantity  of  dried  fruits  exported  to  China  as  a whole  fluctuated 
considerably  from  year  to  year,  but  increased  substantially  as  between 
the  years  1906  and  1917,  the  advance  in  the  trade  being  138  per  cent 
for  the  period. 

Dried  apples  represented  27  per  cent  of  the  total  dried  fruits 
exported  to  China  as  a whole  in  1906  and  14  per  cent  in  1917,  thus 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


13 


losing  considerable  importance  during  the  period.  The  shipments 
fluctuated  widely  from  year  to  year,  but  between  the  years  1906  and 
1917  registered  an  increase  of  23  per  cent. 

CANNED  AND  PRESERVED  FRUITS. 

Though  the  trade  of  the  United  States  with  China  in  preserved  and 
canned  fruits  is  limited,  it  has  shown  a gradual  increase.  The  total 
trade  with  China  in  1892  amounted  to  $59,445;  in  1917  this  trade  was 
valued  at  $90,031  and  in  1918  at  $103,958.  The  exports  in  1892 
were  represented  almost  entirely  by  preserved  fruits.  But  at  the 
close  of  1917  canned  fruits  greatly  predominated,  representing  93  per 
cent  of  the  total  trade  in  both  canned  and  preserved  products. 

STORAGE  AND  INLAND  TRANSPORTATION. 

Cold  storage  is  rarely  used  in  China  for  imported  fresh  fruit. 
Practically  all  that  is  imported  from  America  is  on  order,  and  there 
is  usually  a place  for  every  package  immediately  upon  arrival,  so 
that  the  fruit  goes  into  consumption  without  much  delay.  Usually 
the  weather  conditions  are  good  for  handling  fruit  when  the  first 
shipments  are  received  in  the  fall  and  the  ordinary  storages,  or 
godowns,  are  adequate  for  protecting  the  products  for  short  periods 
until  the  importers  are  able  to  effect  distribution. 

Practically  all  of  the  large  trans-Pacific  lines  have  wharf  and  ware- 
house facilities  of  their  own  where  the  fruit  may  remain  free  of 
charge  for  periods  of  approximately  10  days.  If  the  storage  is 
required  for  longer  periods,  monthly  rates  will  be  quoted.  Also  there 
are  independent  storages  which  may  be  used.  Some  of  the  large 
importing  houses  have  their  own  godowns  and  thus  are  independent 
of  public  storages. 

It  is  fortunate  that  cold  storage  is  not  a necessity  in  the  present 
stage  of  the  trade,  because  the  rates  for  such  limited  facilities  as 
may  be  secured  at  the  present  time  range  from  25  to  50  cents 
per  box  per  month.  Small  cold  storages  are  operated  in  the  largest 
cities  in  connection  with  the  manufacture  of  ice.  As  trade  in  perish- 
able products  develops,  cold  storages  will  come  to  be  a necessity,  and 
it  is  reasonable  to  believe  that  in  time  adequate  facilities  will  be 
available  at  reasonable  rates.  Cold  storage  at  fair  rates  would  be  of 
considerable  value  at  the  present  time,  because  it  would  enable 
importers  to  keep  a supply  of  fruit  on  hand  in  anticipation  of  orders. 

The  inland  transportation  facilities  for  fruit  are  simply  ordinary 
box  cars  and  river  steamers  to  the  chief  inland  cities;  but  the  fruit 
is  transported  successfully.  Although  fruit  dispatch  trains  are  never 
found,  special  facilities  such  as  refrigerator  and  ventilated  cars  are 
sometimes  provided.  The  prevailing  cold  weather  in  the  northern 
regions  during  the  importing  season  makes  it  impossible  to  deliver 


14  Department  Circular  ik6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

the  products  with  fair  success  in  the  ordinary  Chinese  way.  No 
rates  are  published  for  fruit,  hut  it  is  understood  that  ordinarily 
they  are  satisfactory.  There  is  no  Interstate  Commerce  Commission 
or  similar  agency  to  regulate  rates,  so  changes  without  notice  are 
frequent  and  the  shipper  must  necessarily  secure  a rate  for  each 
shipment. 

For  the  most  part  the  exports  have  been  handled  by  general  export 
houses,  which  deal  in  a great  variety  of  commodities  and  have 
branches  or  agencies  in  China  or,  with  headquarters  in  the  Orient, 
have  branches  or  agencies  in  America.  Some  of  the  foreign  importers, 


Fig.  5. — Partial  view  of  the  modern  municipally  owned  Hongkew  Public  Market  at  Shanghai.  The  city 
also  operates  the  market.  Produce  of  every  kind  and  description,  both  domestic  and  imported,  may  be 
bought  here. 


having  no  agencies  in  America,  simply  arrange  with  brokers,  growers, 
or  shippers  to  fill  orders. 

POSSIBILITIES  FOR  DEVELOPING  THE  CHINESE  MARKETS  FOR 
AMERICAN  FRUITS. 

The  potential  demand  in  China  is  large.  One-quarter  of  the  popu- 
lation of  the  world  is  there.  Wherever  there  are  settlements  of 
Caucasians,  foreign  fruits  are  demanded,  and  this  demand  is  gradually 
extending  among  the  Chinese  themselves  The  latter  are  great  lovers 
and  consumers  of  fruit,  but  under  present  conditions  the  masses  are 
compelled  to  content  themselves  with  the  cheaper  home-grown  kinds. 
It  should  not  be  overlooked,  however,  that  a great  many  Chinese  of 
high  official  and  business  standing  are  abundantly  able  to  buy  any 
goods  or  fruits  they  wish.  The  increased  wage-earning  capacity  of 
the  native  Chinese  laborer  now  perceptible  in  much  of  the  country, 
with  its  attendant  benefits  to  all  classes,  together  with  the  improve- 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


15 


ment  of  inland  transportation  which  is  gradually  developing,  will 
inevitably  enable  a large  proportion  of  the  people  to  indulge  in  what 
are  now  luxuries  beyond  their  reach. 

PROSPECTS  FOR  FRESH  FRUITS. 

APPLES. 

Prospectively,  the  market  for  apples  is  more  susceptible  of  expan- 
sion than  for  other  fruits.  The  quality  of  texture  and  flavor  of  the 
North  American  apple  is  so  far  superior  to  the  Chinese  and  Japanese 
apple  that  it  holds  a distinct  position  in  the  trade.  Aggressive  action 
on  the  part  of. the  shippers  and  importers  carried  out  somewhat  along 


Fig  6.— Basket  of  various  apples  from  many  countries  found  on 
sale  in  Shanghai  in  December,  1917.  Top  row,  left  to  right 
American  Winesap,  Newtown  and  Gano;  middle  row,  Cana- 
dian  Newtown,  Esopus  (Spitzenberg),  and  Cox  Orange;  bot- 
tom row,  Chinese  pearmain,  Japanese  Jonathan  and  Cali- 
fornia Newtown. 

lines  recommended  later  in  this  circular  should  secure  a substantial 
increase  from  year  to  year,  and  in  course  of  time,  as  China  develops 
should  result  in  a trade  of  distinct  value  to  the  American  apple 
industry. 

In  this  connection  the  outlook  as  to  competition  with  other  coun- 
tries which  produce  and  export  apples  is  worth  considering.  Appar- 
ently there  will  continue  to  be  a strong  competition  of  the  cheap 
apples  of  poorer  quality  from  Japan  and  Chosen,  which  even  resident 
foreigners  often  purchase  for  cooking  purposes,  but  these  will  not 
take  the  place  of  American  and  Canadian  apples  for  dessert  purposes, 
the  extent  of  the  Japanese  industry  and  the  competition  from  this 
source  are  treated  in  a separate  section. 


16  Department  Circular  U6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Canadian  exports  of  apples  to  China  are  much  less  than  those  of 
the  United  States.  The  existence  of  this  trade  is  based  to  a con- 
siderable extent  on  a feeling  of  loyalty  on  the  part  of  the  English 
in  China  for  products  of  the  ‘ ‘ home  country.”  Of  greater  importance 
is  the  fact  that  the  excellence  of  the  fruit  commends  it  to  the  con- 
sumers generally.  Imports  of  Canadian  apples  are  all  of  high  quality, 
such  as  the  Jonathan,  Grimes,  Cox  Orange,  Esopus  (Spitzenberg),  and 
Yellow  Newtown,  whereas  the  imports  of  American  apples  consist  of 
Ben  Davis,  Ganos,  Winesaps,  and  Yellow  Newtowns,  the  first-named 
variety  predominating. 

As  fruit  men  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  are  aware,  British  Columbia 
apples  differ  but  little  from  apples  grown  in  the  United  States  and 
are  in  no  way  superior  to  them.  The  market  prices  are  about  the 
same  at  shipping  points.  It  was  found  that  in  China,  however,  the 
Canadian  apples  generally  sell  at  slightly  higher  prices  than  apples 
from  the  United  States.  The  trade  in  China  for  Canadian  apples  is 
almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of  British  stores,  who  prefer  to  handle 
an  exclusive  line  in  which  the  least  competition  is  encountered. 
Their  retail  prices  by  the  box  range,  in  “ Mexican,”  from  $2  to  $4 
higher  than  is  asked  for  apples  from  the  United  States.  While  the 
production  of  apples  and  the  marketing  arrangements  in  British 
Columbia  are  not  comparable  to  those  in  the  Pacific  Northwest 
States,  nevertheless  the  Canadians  will  undoubtedly  present  rather 
keen  competition  in  the  Chinese  markets  because  of  their  foresight 
in  introducing  the  best  varieties  and  thus  gaining  a reputation  for 
producing  the  best  fruit.  n 

DECIDUOUS  FRUITS  OTHER  THAN  APPLES. 

Fresh  American  deciduous  fruits  other  than  apples  have  not  reached 
China  in  noticeable  quantities.  At  the  present  time,  however, 
limited  openings  for  some  varieties  of  late  pears  and  possibly  cherries 
from  the  intermountain  districts  of  the  Pacific  Northwest  may  be 
found,  because  of  the  superior  texture  of  the  deciduous  fruit  from  that 
region.  There  is  also  the  possibility  of  a small  opening  for  the  hardier 
varieties  of  California  grapes,  such  as  the  Red  Emperor  and  Malaga. 
A firm  of  importers  at  Shanghai,  as  the  result  of  an  interview  with  the 
representative  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  became  considerably  inter- 
ested in  the  possibility  of  introducing  American  grapes  and  invited 
experimental  shipments. 

It  should  be  realized,  however,  that  for  the  present  and  near  future 
any  possibilities  which  may  develop  for  deciduous  fruits  will  be 
limited  almost  entirely  to  the  Caucasian  population.  The  Chinese 
production  is  rather  bountiful,  although  the  quality  of  the  fruit  is 
inferior  to  the  quality  of  the  American  products. 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


17 


CITRUS  FRUITS. 

The  prospects  for  marketing  American  lemons  and  oranges  are  not 
encouraging  at  the  present  time.  While  the  exports  of  these  products 
to  China  have  steadily  increased  in  recent  years,  the  advance  is  repre- 
sented almost  entirely  by  increased  consumption  among  the  Caucasian 
population.  These  fruits  do  not  seem  to  gain  much  in  popularity 
with  the  Chinese,  who  depend  upon  the  domestic  supply.  It  is 
extremely  doubtful,  therefore,  whether  the  markets  would  respond 
appreciably  to  efforts  to  introduce  American  citrus  fruit  among  the 
Chinese  at  any  time  in  the  near  future. 

PROSPECTS  FOR  DRIED  AND  CANNED  FRUITS. 

The  lack  of  modern  drying  and  canning  establishments  in  China, 
and  the  relatively  low  prices  of  the  American  products  as  compared 
with  the  fresh  fruits,  together  with  the  possibility  of  using  even  the 
crudest  of  Chinese  transportation  systems,  all  offer  attractive  oppor- 
tunities for  American  dried  and  canned  fruits.  The  well-to-do 
Chinese  are  becoming  accustomed  gradually  to  the  use  of  these 
products  and  it  is  significant  that  the  trade  demands  the  best  grades. 

The  drying  and  canning  of  fruits  is  not  carried  on  extensively  as 
an  industry.  The  simple  arts  of  drying  are  known  and  practiced, 
but  a satisfactory  product  is  not  secured.  Furthermore,  the  fruit- 
growing industry  is  not  developed  to  the  point  where  it  would  support 
the  evaporating  and  canning  of  fruit  on  a commercial  scale  sufficient 
to  make  severe  competition  for  American  products.  Raisins  are  not 
produced  at  all.  The  only  canneries  which  pack  fruits  are  at  Amoy, 
Kiukang  and  Shanghai.  Their  chief  output,  however,  consists  of 
fish  and  meats,  the  fruit  output  being  altogether  insignificant. 

As  an  indication  of  the  possibilities  for  increase  in  the  marketing 
and  consumption  of  dried  fruits,  attention  is  called  to  the  extensive 
advance  in  this  trade  which  occurred  between  1916  and  1917,  as 
shown  by  T able  6,  Appendix.  During  the  latter  year  the  trade  became 
especially  active  and  exceeded  greatly  the  heaviest  exports  of  any 
previous  year.  The  rate  of  increase  from  1916  to  1917  was  124  per 
cent  for  dried  apples,  238  per  cent  for  apricots,  394  per  cent  for 
peaches,  58  per  cent  for  prunes  and  9 per  cent  for  raisins. 

RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR  THE  AMERICAN  TRADE. 

In  developing  the  fruit  market  possibilities  in  the  Far  East  much 
will  depend  on  the  methods  pursued  by  the  American  industry. 
American  exporters  must  pursue  special  methods  in  the  case  of  China, 
where  business  systems  are  not  susceptible  to  quick  change  or  reform. 
In  suggesting  methods  for  procedure,  the  problems  that  will  be 
encountered  should  be  borne  in  mind.  First  of  all,  the  proper  selec- 
tion, preparation  and  handling  of  the  fruit  must  be  considered. 


18  Department  Circular  lb6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture , 

Then  the  problems  of  transportation  and  adjustment  of  the  supply 
are  extremely  important.  Furthermore,  sales  arrangements,  financ- 
ing, establishing  and  maintaining  trade-marks,  advertising  and 
market  development  work  must  be  studied. 

CAREFUL  PREPARATION  AND  HANDLING. 

Success  in  developing  the  markets  of  China  for  American  fruits 
will  be  dependent  largely  upon  the  delivery  of  sound  fruit,  properly 
graded  and  packed.  Aside  from  the  careful  selection  of  varieties, 
sizes  and  grades  for  individual  market  districts  in  China,  emphasis 
is  placed  upon  the  extreme  care  necessary  in  picking  and  packing 
operations,  and  upon  promptness  in  handling  after  picking  so  that 


Fig.  7.— The  neatness  and  orderly  attractive  appearance  of  this  Shanghai  fruit  store  are  noteworthy.  The 
cases  which  are  faced  with  glass  are  designed  not  only  for  display  but  for  the  protection  of  the  fruit  from 
heat,  dust,  and  flies.  The  best  fruit  rarely  is  displayed  on  open  counters  or  at  the  front. 


a minimum  of  time  elapses  between  picking  and  shipment  or 
storage. 

The  box  shooks  should  be  of  good  grade;  all  boxed  fruits  need  to 
be  packed  firmly  and  the  boxes  require  extra  nailing  and  strapping 
at  the  ends  to  prevent  breakage  in  handling.  The  loss  from  break- 
age does  not  seem  to  be  sufficiently  extensive  to  justify  different  or 
stronger  packages  than  those  now  used  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Inspectors  should  be  placed  at  the  ship  when  it  is  being  loaded 
to  see  that  boxes  are  not  piled  on  the  bulge  and  that  the  cargo  re- 
ceives the  proper  stowing.  Two  by  four  dunnage  should  be  nailed 
to  the  floor  of  the  compartment  and  spaced  so  as  to  catch  the  ends 
of  the  boxes,  thus  leaving  an  air  space  underneath  the  load.  At 
least  a 2-inch  space  should  be  allowed  between  the  boxes  and  thn 


19 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


side  of  the  compartment,  and  spaces  also  should  be  allowed  between 
all  tiers  of  boxes,  sufficient  dunnage  being  used  to  insure  a rigid  load. 

In  the  efficient  control  of  the  refrigerating  compartment,  the  use 
of  the  thermograph  will  be  of  assistance  in  maintaining  a greater 
degree  of  uniformity  in  the  temperatures  during  the  voyage.  The 
maintenance  of  a uniform  temperature  of  about  32°  F.  is  desirable, 
allowing  this  to  rise  to  45°  or  50°  F.  during  the  last  day  or  two  of 
the  voyage.  The  ship’s  engineer  should  be  kept  informed  of  the 
temperatures  recorded  during  the  trip. 

In  the  case  of  shipment  in  ventilated  compartments,  it  is  highly 
important  to  keep  the  temperature  as  low  as  possible.  For  this  pur- 
pose bountiful  spaces  should  be  allowed  at  the  top,  bottom  and 
sides,  and  at  intervals  within  the  load.  If  possible,  forced  ventila- 
tion should  be  maintained  throughout  the  voyage,  in  order  to  keep 
the  compartments  flushed  with  cool,  fresh  air  from  the  outside. 

Looking  to  the  extension  of  the  trade  and  the  possible  necessity 
of  carrying  a stock  of  fruit  in  China,  the  exporters  and  importers 
ought  to  encourage  in  every  possible  way  the  operation  of  adequate 
cold  storages  at  reasonable  rates  both  at  Hongkong  and  Shanghai. 
In  time  the  coolers  may  prove  to  be  valuable  in  equalizing  the 
supply  of  fruit  in  the  markets. 

UTILIZATION  OF  EXISTING  TRADE  MEDIUMS. 

In  China  the  utilization  of  the  existing  trade  channels  is  not  only 
the  proper  course,  it  is  the  essential  one.  The  national  trait  of 
pursuing  trodden  paths  is  not  conducive  to  the  introduction  of  in- 
novations. China’s  conservatism  is  so  noted  that  the  wisest  course 
is  to  follow  the  methods  which  have  proved  to  be  acceptable  to  the 
people  with  whom  trade  is  desired. 

It  is  suggested  that  the  fruit  shippers  carefully  select  from  among 
the  importers  at  Shanghai  and  at  Hongkong  one  firm  to  serve  as 
the  import  agent  for  all.  When  the  selection  is  made  the  agent 
should  be  allowed  the  widest  possible  powers  under  the  uniform 
arrangements  for  all  the  shippers  participating  in  the  trade.  The 
nature  and  extent  of  the  market  development  work  to  be  carried  on 
by  the  agent,  as  well  as  all  other  essential  terms,  should  be  specified 
in  contract  form. 

A number  of  the  importers  who  have  engaged  in  handling  Ameri- 
can fruits  strongly  urged  the  maintenance  of  an  exclusive  agency 
and  were  emphatic  in  their  statements  that  satisfactory  results  can 
not  be  accomplished  so  long  as  the  business  is  handled  by  a number 
of  firms.  They  cited  numerous  cases  in  support  of  their  conclusions 
and  some  of  them  stated  that  they  had  discontinued  all  activity  in 
this  trade  as  a result  of  the  uncertainties  caused  by  the  old  methods. 


20  Department  Circular  1^6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


TERMS  AND  SALES. 

It  is  believed  best  to  conduct  the  trade  in  the  beginning  upon  a 
wisely  directed  consignment  basis,  the  shipments  to  be  allocated 
among  the  various  shippers  and  made  upon  the  advice  of  the  im- 
porting agent.  Under  this  method  the  markets  in  China  would  be 
assured  of  a bountiful  supply  at  all  times;  any  losses  would  be  dis- 
tributed equitably  among  the  shippers  to  be  absorbed  in  the  pools, 
and  disastrous  dumping,  which  so  frequently  results  from  open  con- 
signments, could  be  strictly  avoided. 

In  lieu  of  open  consignment,  cost,  insurance,  freight  terms  would 
be  the  next  best  suited  to  market  development  work.  Under  this 
system  the  importing  agent  of  the  American  shippers,  if  not  handi- 
capped by  unduly  high  prices  based  on  prevailing  values  in  America, 
and  if  allowed  discretionary  powers,  could  solicit  orders  in  advance 
of  shipment  at  definite  prices  to  be  paid  upon  arrival  of  the  goods  in 
the  Chinese  port. 

If  the  business  is  handled  upon  the  basis  described  in  the  pre- 
ceding paragraph,  it  should  be  clearly  stipulated  in  the  contract 
between  the  American  shipper  and  the  importer  that  the  importer’s 
remuneration  is  to  be  limited  solely  to  an  agreed  commission.  Other- 
wise, at  times  the  temptation  may  arise  of  exacting  an  exorbitant 
margin  of  profit,  thereby  effectively  obstructing  the  processes  of 
trade  expansion.  At  all  times  it  ought  to  be  remembered  that  the 
future  of  the  trade  will  depend  upon  delivering  the  products  to  the 
consumers  at  relatively  low  prices. 

In  developing  Chinese  trade,  f . o.  b.  terms  will  be  the  least  effective. 
Under  this  method  the  Chinese  merchants  will  not  book  orders  in 
advance  of  shipment  except  as  the  importing  agent  may  assume  the 
responsibility  of  selling  to  them  c.  i.  f.  The  burden  of  the  transac- 
tion rests  entirely  upon  him,  and  the  business  would  become  a buying 
and  selling  trade  between  the  shipper  and  the  importer.  If  this 
method  were  adopted  the  shippers  virtually  would  register  little 
progress  and  eventually  would  revert  to  the  status  quo  of  past  times 
in  so  far  as  trade  with  China  is  concerned. 

As  a general  rule  Chinese  credits  are  good.  The  American  fruit 
shippers  may  find  it  of  considerable  advantage  as  a trade-promotion 
factor  to  allow  the  import  agent  and  the  Chinese  merchants  the  most 
liberal  credit  possible.  If  the  agent  is  required  to  remit  before 
collections  are  made  the  trade  naturally  will  be  somewhat  restricted. 

If  the  merchants  are  required  always  to  pay  upon  delivery,  they  are 
likely  to  seek  more  liberal  competitive  services.  In  this  connection 
the  possibilities  of  the  “ acceptance”  form  of  draft  are  commended  to 
the  shippers.  The  “ acceptance”  is  nothing  more  than  an  acknowl- 
edgment on  the  part  of  the  consignee  for  the  receipt  of  the  goods  and 
his  promise  to  pay  the  amount  of  the  bill  within  a specified  time. 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


21 


The  “ acceptance”  draft  with  shipping  documents  attached  may  be 
handled  by  the  shipper  through  his  local  bank  just  as  an  ordinary 
draft,  thereby  securing  the  funds  when  shipment  is  made.  The 
advantage  of  this  method  would  be  very  decided  in  developing  the 
Chinese  fruit  markets  by  greatly  extending  the  operating  power  of 
the  import  agent  and  the  buying  power  of  the  Chinese  merchant. 

ESTABLISHING  SPECIAL  TRADE-MARKS. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  the  Pacific  coast  shippers  adopt, 
establish  and  maintain  special  distinctive  trade-marks  for  China! 
These  trade-marks  should  show  a striking  design,  with  the  customary 


8.-This  show  window  maintained  at  Shanghai  by  a British  department  store  contains  Canadian 
apples,  American  biscuits,  California  canned  fruits,  etc. 


description  of  contents  printed  in  both  English  and  Chinese.  The 
trade-mark  should  be  registered  in  China  and  also  in  Japan  before  it 
is  used  in  the  trade,  because  the  laws  of  Japan  give  all  rights  to 
priority  of  registration  rather  than  use. 

The  multiplicity  of  brands  or  “chops,”  as  the  Chinese  call  them, 
in  the  Pacific  coast  industry  is  confusing  to  foreigners  and  accord- 
ingly much  of  the  advertising  value  is  lost.  Furthermore,  in  addition 
to  the  necessity  of  a uniform  supply  of  fruit,  it  is  highly  important  to 
make  available  to  the  Chinese  trade  a uniform  supply  of  given  brands 
of  fruit.  This  is  impossible  when  many  different  brands  are  used,  as 
the  majority  of  the  shippers  can  not  ship  by  every  boat. 

Thus  maintained  and  controlled,  year  in  and  year  out,  without 
change  of  grades  to  meet  seasonal  conditions,  the  trade-mark  would 
represent  the  fruit  industry  of  the  entire  region  rather  than  indi- 
vidual shippers,  and  therefore  would  be  unaffected  by  the  shifting 
fortunes  of  the  individuals. 


22  Department  Circular  1^6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


SUGGESTED  MARKET  DEVELOPMENT  ACTIVITIES. 

Fruit  advertising  or  publicity  campaigns  would  be  of  considerable 
value  in  developing  markets.  There  are  hundreds  of  newspapers 
published  in  many  languages  in  China,  and  judicious  use  should  be 
made  of  them,  both  in  paid  announcements  and  in  news  articles,  in 
order  that  the  consumers  may  be  impressed  properly  with  the  nu- 
merous ways  of  utilizing  fruit.  Suitable  films  for  moving-picture 
entertainments,  showing  surroundings  incidental  to  orcharding  in 
the  United  States,  and  phases  of  packing  and  handling,  could  be  ob- 
tained and  used  to  great  advantage.  In  connection  with  all  publicity 
the  special  brands  should  be  featured.  A wise  and  timely  distribu- 


Fig.  9 —A  modem  fruit  store  in  Shanghai.  The  wide  open  front  is  typical.  The  display  of  fruit  in  the 
foreground  is  the  bargain  counter  on  which  are  placed  defective  fruits  marked  down  to  attractive  prices. 
The  best  fruit  is  kept  inside  either  in  glass  cases  or  earthem  jars.  The  method  of  display  is  characteristic 
of  practically  all  Chinese  stores. 

tion  of  apples  as  gifts  and  for  use  at  special  banquets  or  upon  other 
occasions  would  appeal  strongly. 

SPECIAL  REPRESENTATION  IMPORTANT. 

It  is  important  that  the  Pacific  coast  fruit  industry  maintain  a 
capable  special  representative  in  China  to  supervise  the  marketing 
and  distribution  of  the  products,  and  in  cooperation  with  the  import 
agent  to  carry  on  the  necessary  market  development  work.  It  ought 
to  be  remembered  that  import  agents  do  not  engage  exclusively  in 
the  fruit  business,  that  their  interests  are  diverse,  and  that  while  they 
may  handle  specific  sales  successfully  it  would  be  too  much  to  expect 
that  they  would  concentrate  adequately  upon  market  development 
work  for  a particular  product.  A special  representative  to  secure  first 
hand  information  as  to  the  disposition  of  the  goods,  to  supervise  the 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


23 


work  of  the  import  agent,  and  to  conduct  a broad  promotion  policy, 
would  be  invaluable  in  this  trade.  The  experience  of  the  California 
canners  and  other  American  institutions  marketing  goods  in  China 
evidences  the  wisdom  of  such  a course. 

COOPERATION  A NECESSITY. 

The  foregoing  suggestions  are  made  with  a view  to  organized 
activities  in  developing  the  possibilities  of  the  Chinese  market.  Indh 
vidual  growers  and  shippers,  if  acting  separately,  can  not  secure 
satisfactory  results.  The  concentrated  efforts  of  the  fruit  industry 
of  a given  region  are  essential,  because  otherwise  it  would  be  impossi- 
ble to  carry  out  a constructive  program  of  work.  The  problems  and 
hazards  involved  are  too  great  for  the  individual.  This  is  evidenced 
by  the  fact  that  shippers  in  the  past  have  been  altogether  inactive 
in  the  Far  Eastern  trade.  Strong  organization  is  essential  for  apply- 
ing the  recommendations  that  have  been  outlined.  Through  coopera- 
tion, the  burden  of  developing  the  markets  would  be  distributed 
equitably  without  the  discouragement  which  is  incident  to  indi- 
vidual enterprise.  In  this  connection  the  creation  of  new  organiza- 
tions is  not  recommended  as  necessary,  but  existing  organizations  are 
strongly  urged  to  eliminate  friction  and  loss  of  concentration. 

JAPAN  AS  A COMPETITOR. 

For  many  years  the  Japanese  Government  has  been  fostering  and 
protecting  the  fruit-growing  industry  both  in  Japan  and  Chosen; 
first,  by  imposing  practically  prohibitive  duties  on  foreign  fruit  and 
secondly,  by  furnishing  nursery  stock,  and  otherwise  aiding  the 
growers  in  perfecting  and  improving  methods  of  culture  and  handling. 

PRODUCTION. 

Apple  culture  in  the  Japanese  Empire  is  a rapidly  growing  industry. 
The  combined  production  of  Japan  and  Chosen  in  1916  was  1,717,491 
boxes,  equaling  approximately  2,860  American  carloads.  In  1906 
the  production  of  Japan  proper  had  been  approximately  1,562  Ameri- 
can carloads,  and  this  number  practically  represents  the  entire  yield, 
both  of  Japan  and  Chosen  that  year,  because  at  that  time  the  pro- 
duction of  Chosen  was  negligible.  During  the  11  years,  therefore,  the 
total  production  of  the  Empire  increased  approximately  83  per  cent. 

The  principal  varieties  of  apples  grown  in  the  Japanese  Empire  are 
Jonathans,  Rafis  (Rawle’s  Jenets),  Ben  Davis  and  Winesaps,  all  well- 
known  varieties.  However,  close  inspection  is  not  required  to  show 
that  these  varieties  grown  in  Japan  do  not  maintain  the  characteristics 
of  the  American  product.  The  quality  is  distinctly  inferior.  There 
seems  to  be  something  in  the  soil  or  climate  that  makes  it  impossible 
to  produce  apples  of  fine  flavor;  on  young  trees  the  fruit  grows  to 
good  size,  but  on  the  older  trees  it  is  generally  small. 


24  Department  Circular  lk6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

The  pear  industry  of  Japan  is  of  considerable  importance.  During 
the  period  1910-1916  the  total  production  increased  25  per  cent,  the 
crop  of  1916  amounting  to  4,073,253  boxes  American  measure.  The 
value  of  the  crop  in  1916  averaged  64  cents  per  Aunerican  box  measure. 

The  citrus  fruit  industry  of  Japan  appears  to  be  enormous.  In  1910 
the  number  of  citrus  fruit  trees,  according  to  Japan’s  official  statis- 
tics, was  19,876,840,  as  compared  with  16,887,170  for  the  United 
States.  But  although  the  plantings  in  Japan  appeared  to  be  greatly 
in  excess  of  the  plantings  in  Ajnerica,  still  the  Japanese  production 
falls  far  short  of  the  production  in  the  United  States,  which  was 
placed  by  the  census  of  1910  at  23,502,128  boxes,  while  the  Japanese 
statistics  indicated  a total  production  of  approximately  6,200,000 
boxes  of  American  measure.  The  Japanese  citrus  fruit  industry  runs 
largely  to  oranges.  Of  these  the  mandarin  greatly  exceeds  all  other 
varieties  combined.  The  production  of  lemons  and  grapefruit  is 
negligible  and  no  separate  statistics  are  kept  for  them. 

EXPORTATION  OF  FRUITS. 

The  operation  of  innumerable  ships  between  Japan  and  conti- 
nental Asia  has  enabled  the  Japanese  exporter  to  place  his  fruits 
directly  into  all  ports  and  inland  cities  at  relatively  low  cost.  The 
presence  of  numerous  Japanese  importers  and  dealers  throughout 
the  Orient  has  constituted  an  effective  medium  through  which  to  pro- 
mote markets  for  the  Japanese  products. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  in  trading  with  south  China,  Japan, 
unlike  the  United  States,  does  not  depend  upon  Hongkong  as  an 
intermediary.  Kwantung  Province,  which  lies  just  back  of  Hong- 
kong, is  next  to  the  largest  direct  receiver  of  Japanese  apples.  This 
trade  is  handled  largely  through  the  city  of  Canton. 

Between  1910  and  1915  the  total  exports  of  apples  increased  50 
per  cent.  The  peak  was  reached  in  1914,  when  270,620  boxes,  equal- 
ing approximately  450  American  carloads,  were  exported.  Of  the 
total  exports  of  1915,  China  received  16  per  cent,  Siberia  76  per  cent 
and  the  Philippines  5 per  cent. 

The  export  trade  in  citrus  fruits  is  confined  largely  to  mandarin 
oranges,  and  this  is  the  only  type  officially  recorded  by  the  Japanese 
Government.  During  the  period  1910-1915  the  height  of  the  man- 
darin trade  was  reached  in  1913,  when  the  equivalent  of  472,164 
American  boxes  were  exported.  This  amount  was  absorbed  largely 
by  the  two  principal  markets,  Kwantung  Province  and  Siberia,  the 
former  receiving  45  per  cent,  the  latter  38  per  cent.  The  trade  with 
China  exclusive  of  Kwantung  Province  is  small,  24,079  boxes  being 
the  largest  amount  sent  to  that  destination  in  any  one  year  during 
the  period  1910-1915. 


Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China. 


25 


During  the  same  period  Japan  began  a small  trade  with  the  Philip- 
pines and  Australia.  It  is  believed  that  the  Japanese  orange  may 
grow  to  be  a formidable  competitor  of  the  United  States  in  these 
markets.  In  addition  to  the  fact  that  Japan  is  a large  producer  and 
exporter  of  fruit,  the  policy  of  the  Government  apparently  is  designed 
to  exclude  or  to  discourage  as  far  as  possible  the  importation  of  foreign 
fruits.  The  policy  seems  to  be  accepted  generally  by  the  people  and 
all  efforts  to  introduce  foreign  fruits  on  a substantial  scale  into  Japan 
have  failed. 


APPENDIX. 

Table  2.  Quantity  and  origin  oj Jresh  fruits  entered  at  Chinese  ports,  1910-1916} 


Countries. 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Fresh  fruits 

Pounds. 
8, 602, 739 

Pounds. 

11,673,600 

Pounds. 

19,626,533 

Pounds. 
29, 248, 000 

Pounds. 
29, 289, 067 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

22, 519, 333 

27, 620, 800 

Australasia 

Canada 

2 14, 795 
2 15, 664 
3, 385,333 

1, 757, 467 
97, 067 
861,  600 
2, 346, 660 
2 4 19, 080 
5,067 

24,400 
21  332 

18, 400 
28, 133 
2,925,467 

11,385, 467 
112, 400 
1 mo  enn 

28, 933 
533 

3, 130, 000 

19, 973,067 
234, 267 
1,487,733 
4, 107,  733 
270,  667 
15,067 

25, 467 
88, 800 
5, 808, 534 

15, 933, 200 
368, 933 
2,422,667 
4, 258, 400 
304,  533 
28,  533 

6,000 

53, 867 

Hongkong . . 

3, 644*  000 

4, 831, 467 
136, 933 
945  333 

30, 267 

53, 067 

Japan, including  For- 
mosa  

3,363,200 

4, 960, 000 

Korea  (Chosen) 

Macao 

11,393, 333 
179,  467 

17,754,933 

621,600 

Russia 

1, 942’  134 
122, 000 
6, 000 

1,  U1Z,  oUU 

3, 841,067 
271,600 
29, 199 

2, 460, 933 

962, 133 

United  States 

4,831,866 

2, 818, 800 

All  other  countries. . . 

248,  800 
5,467 

379, 333 
17,067 

on  amouuts  here  iudicate<i  are  based  °n  «>&£**<*  ^ 


Table  3.—  Value  and  origin  of  fresh  fruit  entered  from  various  countries  at  Chinese  ports 

1910-1916}  ’ 


Countries. 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

■ 

Fresh  fruits 

Dollars. 
185, 928 

Dollars. 

94.Q 

Dollars. 
433, 703 

Dollars. 

486,023 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

508, 472 

362, 571 

534, 329 

Australasia 

Canada 

1,480 
1,544 
55, 030 

42, 650 
1,809 
7, 698 
56, 552 
15, 652 
3, 513 

2,444 
2, 103 
39,346 

04  qoa 

1,175 
1,608 
37, 846 

220,013 
3,018 
10, 679 
133, 485 
24, 099 
780 

1,685 

22 

40,497 

289,311 

4,972 

19,  555 
106, 965 

20,  566 
2,456 

1,550 

892 

31, 169 

Hongkong 

2,135 

1,503 

3,118 

Japan, including  For- 
mosa  . 

104, 364 

40,434 

74, 766 

Korea  (Chosen). . . 
Macao 

CTTj  OOO 

2, 710 

Q 907 

219, 834 
7,727 

155,534 
3, 252 

285,682 
18, 138 

Russia 

O, 

77  578 

39, 938 
113,394 

32,117 

14, 287 

United -States 

16  036 

111,627 

84, 517 

All  other  countries  . . 

;516 

16, 789 
2, 741 

17,272 

440 

51,112 

540 

-?e  ?f  0rigin-  The Chinese  sta- 

time  Customs:  Returns  of  Trade  and  Tracks Reports^ (1911,  llll;  19#),  VoL  RPartin^  °n  Chma’S  Mari‘ 


26  Department  Circular  U6,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Table  4. — Quantity  and  origin  oj  dried  jruits  entered  at  Chinese  ports,  1911-1916. 


Countries. 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1 

1916 

Dried  fruits 

Australasia 

Canada 

Pounds. 

10,348,305 

Pounds. 

11,667,700 

Pounds. 

11,681,966 

Pounds. 

12,008,751 

Pounds. 

11,717,200 

Pounds. 

14,433,200 

231,682 
290 
8, 176,267 
596,533 
28,533 
987, 733 
281, 467 
104,933 
141,067 

2 11,300 

2 41,837 
2 62 
10, 289,600 
218,400 
3,200 
724,267 
157,200 
120,533 
163,867 

2 3, 232 
1,600 
10,563,500 
121,600 
43,333 
775,600 
125,733 
98,933 
275,200 

267 

134 

Hongkong 

Japan,  including  Formosa. 

Korea  (Chosen) 

Macao 

Russia 

United  States 

All  other  countries 

9. 050. 133 

410.267 
1,067 

656, 133 

1.176.133 

182.267 
180, 400 

10, 201,200 
337,733 

18.667 
720,000 
227,866 

98.667 
112,800 

12,016,267 

476,533 

28,133 

1,561,333 

58,533 

177,200 

115,067 

1 This  table  includes  reexports.  Figures  are  based  on  China’s  Maritime  Customs:  Returns  of  Trade  and 
Trade  Reports  (1911, 1914, 1917),  Vol.  I,  Part  III. 

2 The  trade  returns  of  China  give  no  returns.  Amounts  are  based  on  estimates  made  or  values  given  in 
1 able  14,  original  manuscript. 

Conversion  of  the  picul  is  on  the  basis  1 picul=133J  pounds. 


Table  5. — Value  oj  dried  jruits  entered  at  Chinese  ports,  1911-1916. 1 


Countries. 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Dried  fruits 

Australasia 

' Canada 

Dollars. 
467, 696 

Dollars. 

555,234 

Dollars. 
560, 113 

Dollars. 

603,695 

Dollars. 

417,926 

Dollars 

674,993 

3,897 

38 

331,538 

11,512 

562 

46,570 

23,223 

20,573 

29,783 

1,400 

595 

26 

453,278 

10,700 

350 

29,979 

17,623 

24,540 

23,022 

400 

671 

482,448 

13,357 

815 

33,917 

13,720 

28,380 

29,987 

33 

12 

Hongkong 

Japan,  including  Formosa. 

Korea  (Chosen) 

Macao 

Russia 

United  States 

All  other  countries 

402,222 

9,677 

43 

27, 160 
63, 148 
26,651 
24,933 

339,952 
17,453 
1,043 
27,605 
14, 132 
8,661 
9,047 

564,130 

19,595 

519 

51,788 

8,441 

17,256 

13,282 

1 The  table  includes  reexports.  The  values  represent  costs  in  the  countries  of  origin.  The  figures  are 
based  on  China’s  Maritime  Customs:  Returns  of  Trade  and  Trade  Reports  (1911,  1914,  1917),  Vol.  I, 
Part  III.  Conversion  of  the  haikwan  tael  for  the  several  years  has  been  on  the  basis  of  the  following  rates 
Of  exchange:  1910,  $0.66;  1911..  $0.65;  1912,  $0.74;  1913,  $0.73;  1914,  $0.67;  1915,  $0,625;  1916,  $0.79. 


Table  6. —Exports  oj  dried  Jruits  jrom  United  States  to  China  proper  and  Hongkong, 

1906-1918. 


[From  the  customs  returns  in  the  United  States  Commerce  and  Navigation  Reports.) 


Year. 

Dried  apples. 

Dried  apricots. 

Raisins. 

China 

proper. 

Hong- 

kong. 

China  as 
a whole. 

China 

proper. 

Hong- 

kong. 

China  as 
a whole. 

China 

proper. 

Hong- 

kong. 

China  as 
a whole. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

1906 

41,412 

25,459 

66, 871 

10,921 

1,973 

12, 894 

35, 241 

10, 430 

45, 671 

1907 

50, 237 

15,535 

65, 772 

6,415 

900 

7,315 

51, 130 

11,957 

63,087 

1908 

10, 994 

10, 950 

21,944 

2,265 

540 

2,805 

21, 421 

14,228 

35, 469 

1909 

19, 935 

16,000 

35, 935 

4,044 

2,235 

6, 279 

24,808 

16,  791 

41,599 

1910 

24, 875 

14,460 

39, 335 

4,675 

4,400 

9,075 

24,925 

46,525 

71,450 

1911 

22,950 

13,895 

36,845 

6,210 

3,450 

9,660 

34,950 

19,385 

54,335 

1912 

30,517 

9,650 

40,167 

9,358 

4,575 

13,933 

36,260 

50,423 

86, 683 

1913 

37, 400 

18, 400 

55,800 

23,690 

7,795 

31,485 

56, 253 

62, 477 

118, 730 

1914 

35,  725 

18, 470 

54, 195 

12, 571 

5,450 

18,021 

85,107 

41,  741 

126, 848 

1915 

23, 840 

10, 475 

34,315 

16, 883 

3,645 

20, 528 

48,925 

65, 017 

113,942 

1916 

22, 055 

14, 595 

36, 650 

22, 497 

7, 146 

29,643 

50,202 

81,089 

131,291 

19  j.  7 

70, 680 

11,375 

82,055 

19, 627 

80,530 

100, 157 

77, 393 

65,904 

143,297 

1918 

50,290 

15,926 

66,216 

41,306 

11,593 

52,899 

179,313 

121,111 

300,424 

Markets  for  American  Fruits  in  China.  27 

Table  6.—. Exports  of  dried  fruits  from  United  States  to  China  proper  and  Honahona 

1906-1918 — Continued. 


Year. 

Prunes. 

Dried  peaches. 

Total. 

China 

proper. 

Hong- 

kong. 

China  as 
a whole. 

China 

proper. 

Hong- 

kong. 

China  as 
a whole. 

China 

proper. 

Hong- 

kong. 

China  as 
a whole. 

1906 

Pounds. 
86, 822 
67, 233 
58, 178 
56,  730 
54, 435 
55,965 
55,  111 
129, 880 
73,  865 
80, 072 
97, 699 
171,325 
157,242 

Pounds. 
23,375 
13, 888 
16,880 
23,640 
21,680 
23, 141 
24,085 
28, 807 
29, 305 
22, 382 
34, 545 
37,229 
38, 505 

Pounds. 

1 1A  1Q7 

Pounds. 
14, 188 
4,170 
770 
1,550 
2,000 
3,844 
4,465 
17, 110 
7, 125 
12, 861 
11, 090 
62, 555 
20, 973 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

1907 

81, 121 
75,058 
80,370 
76, 115 
79, 106 
79, 196 
158,687 
103, 170 
102, 454 
132,244 
208, 554 
195,  747 

960 

145 

180 

15, 078 

188, 514 

62, 197 

250, 711 

1908 

4,315 

179, 185 

42,425 

221,610 

1909... 

950 

93,448 

42, 778 

136, 226 
165. 808 

1910 

75 
650 
325 
1,310 
1,894 
965 
400 
1, 773 
'950 
1,146 

1,625 

107, 067 

58, 741 

1911 

2,650 

110,910 

87, 715 

198,625 

1912 

4, 169 

123, 919 

60, 196 

184, 115 

1913 

5, 775 

135, 711 

90, 043 

225,  754 

1914 

19, 004 

264, 333 

119, 373 

383,  706 

1915 

8,090 

214, 393 

95, 931 

310,324 

1916 

13, 261 

182, 581 

101,919 

284, 500 

1917 

12,  863 

203, 543 

139, 148 

342, 691 

1918 

63, 505 

401, 580 

195, 988 

597, 568 

22, 119 

449, 124 

188, 281 

637, 405 

- 

O 

THE  WORK  OF  THE  HUNTLEY 
RECLAMATION  PROJECT  EXPERIMENT 
FARM  IN  1919 


By  DAN  HANSEN 

Farm  Superintendent 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  147 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry 
( Office  of  Western  Irrigation  Agriculture) 
WM.  A.  TAYLOR,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


January,  1921 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  1 I920i 


THE  WORK  OF  THE  HUNTLEY  RECLAMATION 
PROJECT  EXPERIMENT  FARM  IN  1919. 


Extent  and  character  of  the  work 

Experiments  with  crops 

Experiments  with  live  stock 

Conditions  on  the  project 

Crop-rotation  experiments 

Silage  crops 


CONTENTS. 

Page. 

3 Sugar  beets 

3 “Fruit  trees 

4 Feeding  experiments  with  hogs. 
4 Crop-utilization  experiments . . . 

7 Pasturing  experiments 

9 


Page. 

11 

12 

13 

21 

23 


EXTENT  AND  CHARACTER  OF  THE  WORK. 

The  work  of  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  consists  of  experi- 
ments in  the  production  of  crop  plants  of  local  importance  and  also 
experiments  in  the  feeding  and  care  of  live  stock.  The  farm  was 
established  in  1909  on  a tract  of  about  300  acres  of  public  land,  part 
of  which  is  irrigated,  while  part  of  it  lies  above  the  irrigation  canal 
and  is  used  for  experiments  in  the  production  of  dry-land  crops. 
1 he  farm  is  operated  cooperatively  by  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  and  the  Montana  Agricultural  Experiment  Sta- 
tion and  is  under  the  supervision  of  the  Office  of  Western  Irrigation 
Agriculture  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry.  The  Office  of  Dry- 
Land  Agriculture,  the  Biophysical  Laboratory,  and  other  offices  of 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  as  well  as  the  Dairy  Division  and  the 
Animal  Husbandry  Division  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  are 
cooperating  in  the  investigational  work. 

The  work  with  live  stock  was  not  begun  until  1917,  when  the 
necessary  equipment  and  stock  were  provided  for  carrying  on 
experiments  with  dairy  cattle  and  hogs. 

This  report  treats  of  the  results  of  the  experiments  with  irrigated 
crops  and  covers  some  of  the  results  of  the  pasturing  and  feeding 
experiments  with  live  stock. 

experiments  with  crops. 


Experiments  with  irrigated  crops  include  ( 1)  crop  rotation,  (2)  test 
ol  pasture  grasses,  (3)  pasturing  tests,  (4)  cropping  methods,  (5)  tests 
of  crop  varieties,  (6)  experiments  with  sugar  beets,  (7)  experiments 
with  silage  crops,  and  (8)  tests  of  fruit  trees  and  small  fruits. 


3 


4 Department  Circular  lkl , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


EXPERIMENTS  WITH  LIVE  STOCK. 

The  experiments  with  live  stock  consist  of  ( 1)  tests  of  the  carrying 
capacity  of  different  pasture  mixtures  with  dairy  cattle,  (2)  com- 
parative feeding  tests  of  corn  and  sunflower  silage  for  dairy  cattle, 
(3)  tests  of  various  grain  rations  supplementary  to  alfalfa  pasture  for 
hogs,  and  (4)  tests  of  various  feeds  for  finishing  hogs  in  the  dry  lot. 
Tests  for  advanced  registry  are  being  conducted  with  the  pure-bred 
Holstein  cattle.  In  these  tests  the  cows  are  fed  during  one  lactation 
period  on  roughage  consisting  of  grass  pasture  alone  during  the 
growing  season  of  about  5 months  and  alfalfa  hay  and  silage  for  the 
remaining  7 months,  and  during  another  lactation  period  they  are 
fed  complete  rations  of  roughage  and  grains.  Not  enough  of  these 
tests  have  been  completed  to  make  available  any  data  on  the  com- 
parative production  of  cows  under  the  two  methods  of  feeding. 

In  connection  with  the  dairy  work,  pure-bred  bulls,  sons  of  the 
highest  producing  cows,  are  loaned  to  farmers  on  the  Huntley 
project  under  condition  that  herds  in  which  these  bulls  are  used 
shall  be  kept  tested  and  free  from  disease  and  also  that  milk  and 
feed  records  shall  be  kept.  It  is  apparent  that  this  feature  of  the 
work  is  much  appreciated  by  local  dairymen,  and  it  is  thought  that 
this  will  be  a means  of  increasing  interest  in  dairying  and  be  of 
much  benefit  locally  in  improving  dairy  stock. 

CONDITIONS  ON  THE  PROJECT. 

CLIMATIC  CONDITIONS. 

During  the  months  of  April  to  August,  inclusive,  the  rainfall  was 
only  2.84  inches  as  compared  with  7.56  inches,  the  normal  for  the 
past  nine  years.  The  total  annual  precipitation  was  12.22  inches, 
while  the  normal  for  the  past  nine  years  was  13.97  inches.  During  the 
months  of  June  and  July  unusually  hot  weather  occurred  and  a maxi- 
mum of  107°  F.  was  recorded,  which  is  the  highest  since  the  farm 
was  established.  The  frost-free  period  extended  from  May  7 to 
September  27,  or  a total  of  142  days.  The  average  frost-free  period 
the  past  nine  years  was  129  days. 

The  climatological  observations  in  detail,  as  recorded  during  the 
nine  years  from  1911  to  1919,  inclusive,  are  given  in  Table  I.  The 
weather  record  observations  were  made  in  cooperation  with  the 
Biophysical  Laboratory  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry. 


5 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Table  I.— Summary  of  climatological  observations  made  at  the  Huntley 
farm  for  the  9-year  period  from  1911  to  1919,  inclusive. 


Experiment 


Precipitation  (Inches). 


Item. 

Jan. 

|Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

ct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total. 

Average  for  9 vears,  1911  to 

1919 

For  1919 

0. 64 
.22 

0.23 

.35 

0.66 

.67 

0. 86 
.54 

2.21 

.83 

2.39 

.21 

1.29 

.63 

0. 81 
.63 

1.65 
2. 47 

1.51 
2. 61 

0.86 

1.96 

0.83 

1.10 

13. 97 
12. 22 

Evaporation  (Inches). 

Average  for  9 years,  1911  to 
1919 . , ! 

3.549  4.818 
5. 072|6. 454 

6. 437 
9. 253 

7. 6431 
9. 336 

6.  763 
6.932 

1 ■ 1 

32. 632 
41. 425 

For  1919 

■f . zuy 
4. 378j 

Daily  Wind  Velocity  (Miles  per  Hour). 


— : * V 

Highest: 

1911  to  1919.... 

For  1919 

Lowest: 

1911  to  1919 

For  1919 

Mean: 

1911  to  1919 

For  1919 


16.5 

14.1 

13.2 

10.1 

.3 

.8 

2.0 

1.5 

5.4 

4.7 

6.5 

4.8 

i 17.8 

17.5 

10.2 

8.6 

7.3 

10.5 

29.4 

25.0 

26.6 

13.1 

8.8 

7.5 

6.6 

7.3 

10.5 

29.4 

25.0 

12.5 

• 1.0 

.9 

.4 

.3 

.3 

.4 

.8 

.5 

. l 

1.7 

2.6 

2.7 

1.6 

1.9 

1.5 

.8 

.5 

3 

5.5 

5.1 

4.1 

3.4 

3.3 

3.7 

4.1 

4.4 

5.0 

5.9 

4.9 

4.4 

3.7 

3.4 

3.9 

4.7 

6.3 

5.1 

Temperature  (°F.). 


Absolute  maximum  • 
1911  to  1919.... 
For  1919 

65 

65 

63 

62 

74 

71 

87 

79 

99 

107 

107 

103 

102 

100 

94 

85 

71 

63 

Absolute  minimum: 

1911  to  1919 

For  1919 

99 

98 

87 

80 

59 

51 

-39 

—16 

-38 

-13 

-27 

-11 

12 

22 

22 

29 

34 

34 

38 

34 

24 

-10 

-21 

-41 

Mean: 

41 

42 

28 

-10 

-20 

-41 

1911  to  1919 

For  1919 .... 

17 

33 

21 

20 

32 

31 

' 46 
47 

54 

58 

64 

70 

70 

68 

56 

44 

33 

* 21 

73 

71 

59 

35 

24 

15 

• — ! 

— 

Killing  Frosts. 


Year. 

Last  in  spring. 

First  in  autumn. 

Frost- 

free 

period 

(days). 

Date. 

1 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture (°F.). 

Date. 

Minimum, 
tempera' 
ture  (°F.). 

1911 

May  26 

32 

Sept.  18 

28 

114 

May  12 

28 

Sept.  15 

31 

125 

1914 

May  5 

31 

Sept.  19 

29 

136 

May  12 

32 

Cct.  6 

31 

146 

May  21 

32 

Sept.  19 

32 

120 

1917 

May  16 

30 

Sept.  13 

31 

119 

May  31 

31 

Sept.  28 

32 

119 

May  21 

32 

( ct.  7 

28 

138 

May  7 

29 

Sept.  27 

32 

142 

Average 

May  17 

1 

Sept.  17  j 

129 

CROP  CONDITIONS. 

The  season  of  1919  was  unusual  in  many  respects  and  was  rather 
unfavorable  for  the  growth  of  some  of  the  farm  crops.  Conditions 
of  extreme  drought  prevailed  during  the  growing  period  and  also 
during  the  preceding  winter,  with  a consequent  shortage  of  water  for 


6 Department  Circular  147,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

irrigation  during  a part  of  the  season.  Perhaps  the  greatest  loss 
occurred  through  lack  of  sufficient  moisture  in  the  soil  early  in  the 
season  to  germinate  seeds.  In  ordinary  years  the  natural  rainfall  is 
sufficient  to  start  the  crops,  and  irrigation  is  not  necessary  until  crops 
are  up.  Continued  drought  after  the  crops  were  planted  made  irri- 
gation necessary  to  provide  moisture  for  germination,  which  proved 
to  be  a difficult  operation  because  of  the  heavy  nature  of  the  soil. 
This  resulted  in  poor  stands  of  grain  crops  and  entire  failure  in  many 
cases  to  secure  a stand  of  sugar  beets.  The  acreage  planted  to  beets 
was  only  about  half  that  of  former  seasons,  and  the  failure  to  obtain 
satisfactory  stands  resulted  in  a further  reduction  of  about  50  per 
cent  in  the  acreage.  The  first  and  third  cuttings  of  alfalfa  were  ex- 
ceptionally good,  and  although  the  water  shortage  reduced  the  yield 
of  the  second  crop,  the  total  production  for  the  season  was  above  the 
average.  Unfavorable  weather  conditions  during  the  fall  interfered 
seriously  in  the  harvest  of  sugar  beet$  and  potatoes,  and  less  than  the 
usual  amount  of  fall  plowing  was  accomplished. 

The  acreage,  yields,  and  farm  values  of  crops  on  the  Huntley  proj- 
ect in  1919  are  shown  in  Table  II,  the  figures  being  furnished  by  the 
United  States  Reclamation  Service. 


Table  II. — Acreage , yields , and farm  values  of  crops  produced  on  the  Huntley  Reclamation 

Project  in  1919. 


Yields. 

Farm  values. 

• • 

Crop 

Area 

(acres). 

Unit  of 
yield. 

Total. 

Per  acre. 

Per 

unit 

Total. 

Per 

Aver- 

age. 

Maxi- 

mum. 

of 

yield. 

acre. 

Alfalfa  hay 

7,045 

Ton 

18, 713 

2.65 

6 

$19. 66 

$367,898 

$52.22 

Alfalfa  seed 

146 

Bushel 

283 

.94 

10 

13.00 

3,679 

25.20 

Apples 

12 

Box 

302 

25.16 

1.50 

453 

37.75 

Barley 

267 

Bushel 

5,354 

20.05 

60 

1.68 

8,995 

33.69 

Beets,  sugar. . 

1,136 

Ton 

12,015 

10. 58 

20.1 

10.00 

120, 150 
(l) 

105. 77 

Beets  stock 

94 

Clover  hay . 

56 

Ton 

^ 123 

2.20 

3 

13.88 

1,707 

30.50 

C Invar  seed 

188 

Bushel 

839 

4. 46 

7.5 

10.62 

8,910 

47.39 

f!nm 

♦ 

179 

5,046 

28.19 

60 

1.53 

7,720 

43.11 

Garden 

176 

20,080 

114.09 

Oats 

1,977 

Bushel 

58,707 

29.69 

93.5 

1.16 

68,000 

34.40 

Pasture  Slimmer 

1,389 

16,580 

11. 94 

Pasture  winter  ^ 

16, 733' 
40 

65,834 

3.94 

Potatoes 

Bushel 

4,781 
103, 149 

119.  70 

300 

1.77 

8,462 

211.55 

Wheat 

6,518 

138 

15.  82 

64 

2.37 

244,463 

37. 51 

Miscellaneous 

6,037 

(3) 

43.75 

Oat? 

52 

146 

(a) 

Tefal 

19,310 

948,968 

A vprapp 

49.14 

1 

1 No  yield;  no  value.  2 Beets,  alfalfa,  wheat,  oats,  etc.  3 No  crop  value;  included  in  above  report. 


The  total  cropped  area  of  19,310  acres  remained  about  the  same  as 
in  1918,  although  the  total  farm  valuation  of  crops  produced  was 
nearly  one-fourth  higher,  due  mainly  to  the  increased  prices  received 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


7 


por  unit  of  yield.  Alfalfa  and  wheat  were  the  principal  crops  grown, 
these  two  crops  occupying  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  total  cropped 
area.  While  the  acreage  of  sugar  beets  was  low  as  compared  to  for- 
mer seasons,  the  yield  per  acre  of  10.68  tons  was  more  than  2 tons 
higher  than  the  yield  in  1918.  The  average  farm  value  per  acre  of  all 
crops  was  $49.14,  as  compared  to  $39  in  1918. 

LIVE  STOCK. 

The  number  of  cattle,  hogs,  and  sheep  kept  on  project  farms  in  1919 
increased  slightly  over  the  previous  year,  the  principal  increase  being 
in  the  number  of  beef  cattle  and  hogs.  The  value  of  hogs,  even  with 
the  increased  number,  was  less  than  in  1918,  owing  to  the  decline  in 
market  values  during  the  latter  part  of  1919.  The  total  value  of  all 
live  stock  amounted  to  $73,280  more  than  in  1918. 

Conditions  on  the  project  appear  to  be  especially  favorable  for 
dairying,  although  the  growth  of  this  industry  has  been  rather  slow 
in  Veoent  years,  owing  to  unsettled  conditions  and  unusually  high 
prices  received  for  hay  and  grain  crops.  There  appears  to  be  a de- 
cided tendency  for  improvement  in  the  grade  of  dairy  stock  kept  on 
the  project  farms,  and  a few  herds  of  excellent  pure-bred  Holsteins 
are  being  developed. 

The  total  number  and  value  of  live  stock  on  the  project  in  1919  is 
shown  in  Table  III.  This  information  was  furnished  by  the  United 
States  Reclamation  Service. 


Table  III.  Live  stock  on  the  Huntley  Reclamation  Project  in  1919. 


Item. 

- __j 

.Inventory,  Jan.  1. 

Inventory,  Dec.  31. 

Increased 
or  de- 
creased 
total 
value. 

Number. 

Average 

value. 

Total 

value. 

Number. 

Average 

value. 

Total 

value. 

Horses 

2 120 

«i ns  7 a 

$230,435 

5,465 

92,517 
115, 726 
15, 153 
43, 205 
8, 245 
1,603 

2, 297 
46 

2,631 

2,040 

2,115 

3,097 

21,456 

458 

$110.00 

$252,670 

— 

Mules 

51 

«iP±Uo.  /u 

1117  1 A 

$22, 235 

Cattle: 

Beef 

1,813 
1,923 
1,130 
2,391 
15  856 

iu / • ID 
ki  nq 

81. 50 

3, 749 

- 1,716 

Dairy 

Sheep 

Hogs 

Fowls 

OI*  u<> 
60.18 
13.  41 
18.07 
co 

47.70 
62.30 
8. 40 
13.64 

125, 498 
127,092 
17, 766 
42, 242 

32,981 
11,366 
2,613 
- 963 

Bees,  hives 

’ 424 

• oz 
3.78 

.66 
5. 35 

14, 162 
2,450 

5,917 

847 

XUUU 

512,349. 

585,629 

73,280 

CROP-ROTATION  EXPERIMENTS. 


A rather  extensive  series  of  crop-rotation  experiments1  under 
irrigation  was  started  on  70  quarter-acre  plats  in  field  K in  1912, 
and  continued  each  year  since  that  time  without  change.  Some 
additional  rotations  were  begun  in  1916  on  27  quarter-acre  plats  in 


1 An  outline  in  detail  of  the  experiments  has  been  given  in  a previous  publication, 
entitled  “The  Work  of  the  Huntley  Reclamation  Project  Experiment  Farm  in  1918.”) 


(See  Dept.  Cir.  86, 


8 Department  Circular  1^7,  U . *S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


field  L-IV.  In  these  experiments  seven  crops  of  the  most  impor- 
tance locally  are  grown  in  various  sequences,  in  eleven  2-year,  five 
3-year,  four  4-year,  and  six  6-year  rotations.  In  addition,  each 
crop  is  grown  continuously  each  year  on  the  same  plat.  The  crops 
grown  in  these  experiments  are  alfalfa,  oats,  wheat,  sugar  beets, 
potatoes,  corn,  and  flax. 

The  purpose  of  these  crop-rotation  experiments  is  to  determine 
the  effect  on  crop  yields  of  various  crop  sequences,  to  learn  the 
value  of  alfalfa  in  a rotation,  and  to  obtain  some  definite  measure 
of  the  value  of  manure  when  applied  to  certain  crops.  Results 
covering  a period  of  eight  years  are  available  from  the  experiments 
in  field  K,  and  some  significant  differences  in  crop  yields  as  a result 
of  the  different  crop  sequences  and  of  the  effect  of  alfalfa  and  manure 
are  to  be  noted.  There  was  a wide  difference  in  yields  of  all  of  the 
crops,  as  shown  in  Table  IV,  which  gives  the  maximum,  minimum, 
and  average  yields  of  each  crop  in  1919,  as  well  as  the  average  yield 
of  each  crop  for  the  years  1913  to  1918,  inclusive.  The  table  indi- 
cates that  alfalfa  gave  higher  yields  when  seeded  in  the  fall  in  grain 
stubble  than  when  seeded  the  following  spring  and  that  the  highest 
yield  occurred  the  second  year  after  planting. 


Table  IY. — Average,  maximum,  and  minimum  yields  of  all  crops  in  the  irrigated  rota- 
tions on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919,  compared  with  the  average  yields  of  the 
same  crops  in  the  6-year  period  from  1913  to  1919,  inclusive. 


Crop  and  variety. 

Num- 

ber 

of 

plats. 

• 

Yield  per  acre. 

Unit 

of 

yield. 

1919 

1918 

1917 

1916 

1915 

1914 

1913 

Maxi- 

mum. 

Mini- 

mum. 

Aver- 

age. 

Alfalfa  (Montana): 

Spring  seeded 

5 

Ton...  . 

2.28 

0. 47 

1.25 

2. 22 

2 03 

2. 07 

2.34 

2.22 

2.20 

Fall  seeded 

4 

. . .do 

2.77 

2.40 

2.63 

3. 17 

3.42 

Second  year 

9 

. . .do 

6. 81 

4. 22 

6.09 

5.34 

5.  71 

5.26 

7. 14 

5.40 

5.85 

Third  year 

5 

.do 

4.31 

4. 18 

4.24 

6. 13 

5.38 

6.26 

7.00 

5. 26 

5. 35 

Continuously  cropped.. 

5 

...do 

6.83 

4.61 

5. 77 

5.45 

4.65 

4.98 

4. 72 

4. 62 

4. 51 

Sugar  beets  ( Klein  wanzle- 

19 

...do 

15.86 

5. 75 

10. 15 

12.23 

9. 82 

11. 17 

9.58 

11.16 

13.06 

bener). 

Potatoes  ( Mills  Prize) 

17 

Bushel 

389.0 

98.1 

249.3 

367.6 

218.2 

240.3 

301.8 

167.8 

212.7 

Oats  (Swedish  Select) 

21 

...do 

83.1 

22.5 

52.7 

90.7 

75.0 

78.2 

79.3 

89.8 

84.2 

Wheat  (Pringle  Champlain) 

5 

...do 

27.3 

27.3 

27.3 

23.9 

26.5 

26.5 

32.3 

32.7 

27.2 

Corn  (Northwestern  Dent). 

8 

...do 

60.0 

22.2 

42.7 

45.9 

32.6 

36.3 

36.9 

42.9 

42.0 

Flax  (Minnesota  No.  25) 

2 

. ..do 

15.6 

1.4 

8.5 

20.2 

18.9 

17.7 

21.3 

18.6 

21.7 

The  yields  in  1919  of  oats,  potatoes,  and  sugar  beets  in  each 
rotation  and  the  preceding  crop  are  shown  in  Table  V. 

The  maximum  yields  of  potatoes  occurred  in  rotation  25,  which 
is  a 2-year  rotation  of  oats  and  potatoes  in  which  manure  is  applied 
preceding  the  potatoes.  The  average  yield  of  two  plats  of  potatoes 
following  oats  and  manure  was  310.6  bushels  per  acre,  while  the 
average  yield  of  two  plats  of  potatoes  following  oats  without  manure 
was  at  the  rate  of  249.3  bushels  per  acre.  Five  plats  following 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


9 


alfalfa  yielded  at  the  average  rate  of  296.9  bushels  per  acre.  The 
yield  of  continuously  cropped  potatoes  was  about  the  same  as  the 
yield  of  potatoes  following  sugar  beets  and  was  less  than  when  pre- 
ceded by  alfalfa,  oats  manured,  or  oats  without  manure.  In  a 
2-year  rotation  of  sugar  beets  and  potatoes  in  which  manure  was 
applied  immediately  preceding  the  potatoes  the  yield  was  much 
higher  than  when  potatoes  followed  beets  without  manure. 

The  maximum  yield  of  sugar  beets  occurred  in  the  rotations  in 
which  beets  followed  potatoes,  the  average  of  six  plats  being  at  the 
rate  of  11.17  tons  per  acre.  The  average  yield  of  sugar  beets  in 
three  rotations  in  which  beets  followed  oats  and  manure  was  at  the 
rate  of  11.08  tons  per  acre,  while  in  five  rotations  in  which  beets 
followed  oats  without  manure  the  yield  was  at  the  rate  of  9.20  tons 
per  acre. 

Table  V .—Yields  per  acre  of  oats,  potato.es , and  sugar  beets  with  the  preceding  crops  in 
the  irrigated  rotations  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Oats. 


Preceding  crop. 

Rota- 

tion 

No. 

. » 

i Yield. 

Beets 

35 

Bushels. 

1 83. 1 1 

Do 

64 

76.2 

Com  (hogged) 

1 69 

73.7 

Potatoes 

60 

71.3 

Beets 

1 34 

68.7 

Potatoes 

! 61 

64.4 

Beets 

22 

63.7 

Do 

i 46 

60.0 

Oats 

la 

57.5 

Alfalfa 

: 42 

57.5 

Potatoes 

44  | 

54.4 

Do 1 

25 

54.4 

Com 

16 

50.0 

Beets 

23  | 

48.1 

Potatoes 

24 

41.9 

Do 

31 

30.6 

Do 

30 

26.9  . 

Com 

32 

26.9 

Potatoes 

27 

23.1  1 

Oats 

1 

21.9 

Average 

l 

52.7 

Potatoes. 


Rota- 

Preceding crop. 

tion 

Yield. 

| No. 

B ushels. 

Oats  (manured). . 

25 

389. 0 

Alfalfa 

60 

379.7 

61 

354.  7 

64 

301.  0 

Beets 

20 

282^3 

Oats 

34 

258.0 

Beets  (manured) . 

21 

246.6 

Alfalfa 

40 

246.0 

Oats 

24 

240.6 

Oats  (manured)..: 

I 35 

232.3 

Com 

26 

221.6 

Potatoes 

4 

204.1 

Alfalfa 

44 

203.1 

Potatoes 

4a 

193.3 

Oats  (rye) 

27 

170.0 

Beets 

30 

167.3 

do 

31 

148.0 

Average 

1 

249.3 

Sugar  beets. 


Preceding  crop. 

Rota- 

tion 

No. 

Yield. 

Potatoes 

34 

Tons. 

15.86 

Oats  (manured).. 

61 

13.66 

Potatoes 

35 

13.33 

Beets 

2a 

12.92 

Potatoes 

21 

12. 48 

Oats 

60 

12.02 

Flax 

67 

12.00 

Oats  (manured).. 

23 

11.90 

Potatoes 

64 

10.39 

Alfalfa 

46 

9. 41 

Oats 

32 

9.33 

do 

22 

20 

9.28 

8.58 

Potatoes 

Oats 

30 

7.72 

Oats  (manured).. 

31 

7. 70 

Oats 

42 

7.66 

Wheat 

18 

6. 47 

Potatoes 

40 

6. 40 

Beets 

2 

5.75 

Average 

j 

10.15 

SILAGE  CROPS. 


CORN. 

Two  varieties  of  corn,  Northwestern  Dent  and  a local  Yellow 
Dent,  both  early  maturing,  were  grown  for  silage  on  17  quarter- 
acre  plats  in  fields  O-II  and  O-III.  These  varieties  were  selected 
as  being  the  ones  most  commonly  grown  locally.  Both  varieties 
were  fairly  well  matured  at  the  time  of  harvest,  September  6,  and 
made  silage  of  excellent  quality.  The  average  yield  of  nine  plats 
of  Northwestern  Dent  corn  was  at  the  rate  of  9.74  tons  per  acre 
14169°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  1^7,  U . S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

* 

and  of  local  Yellow  Dent  8.56  tons  per  acre.  In  tests  conducted  in 
previous  seasons  the  variety  Northwestern  Dent  has  invariably 
outyielded  other  varieties  of  early-maturing  com  that  have  been 
grown. 

Northwestern  Dent  corn  for  silage  was  also  grown  on  11  quarter- 
acre  plats  in  field  L-II,  where  the  yield  was  at  the  rate  of  10.39 
tons  per  acre  (fig.  1). 

SUNFLOWERS. 

A test  of  cultural  methods  with  sunflowers  grown  for  silage  which 
was  conducted  in  1918  was  continued  in  1919  with  some  modifica- 
tions. Sunflowers  of  the  Mammoth  Black  Russian  variety  were 
grown  in  rows  20,  30,  and  40  inches  apart.  They  were  planted  on 


Fig.  1.— Northwestern  Dent  corn  grown  for  silage  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 

May  12  with  a corn  planter,  the  seed  being  drilled,  the  plants  in  the 
row  averaging  about  6 inches  apart.  The  crop  required  three 
irrigations.  The  crop  was  harvested  on  August  25,  at  which  time 
the  plants  were  from  one-fourth  to  one-half  in  bloom  in  the  different 
plats.  Experience  of  the  previous  season  appeared  to  indicate  that 
if  harvested  when  more  nearly  matured  the  crop  made  a*  silage 
which  was  rather  hard  and  woody,  and  consequently  not  palatable 
to  stock.  The  silage  made  from  the  crop  grown  in  1919  appeared 
to  be  of  better  quality  than  that  grown  in  1918  and  kept  in  better 
condition  in  the  silo,  although  it  was  not  in  perfect  condition  when 
removed  from  the  silo  and  was  not  readily  eaten  by  cattle  when  fed 
in  a comparative  test  of  corn  and  sunflower  silage.  The  yields  in 
the  1919  test  are  given  in  Table  VI,  being  the  average  in  each  case 
of  four  one-fourth  acre  plats. 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  H 

Iable  VI.  Yields  of  sunflowers  for  silage  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Width  of 
row. 

Yield. 

Pounds  per 
plat. 

Tons  per 
acre. 

Inches. 

20 

30 

40 

14, 876 
13, 875 
13,626 

29. 75 
27.  75 
27.25 

Table  VI  indicates  that  the  highest  yield  of  29.75  tons  per  acre 
occurred  on  the  plats  in  which  the  rows  were  20  inches  apart,  and  the 
lowest  on  the  plats  on  which  the  rows  were  40  inches  apart.  Similar 
results  were  secured  in  a similar  test  in  1918.  The  silage  made  from 
the  sunflowers  grown  in  the  20-inch  rows  was  also  of  better  quality, 
being  less  coarse  and  woody. 

SUGAR  BEETS. 

ROOT-LOUSE  CONTROL. 

An  experiment  to  determine  the  means  of  preventing  damage  to 
sugar  beets  by  invasion  of  the  beet  root  louse  was  continued  as  in 
previous  seasons,  this  being  the  sixth  year  of  the  experiment.  Vary- 
ing numbers  of  irrigations,  from  two  to  five,  were  applied,  the  plats 
receiving  the  larger  number  of  irrigations  being  irrigated  the  first 
time  somewhat  earlier  and  the  last  time  later  than  is  commonly  done 
in  farm  practice.  The  beet  root  lice  migrate  to  the  beet  fields  during 
the  early  part  of  July  and  under  favorable  conditions  enter  the  soil 
around  the  beet  roots,  where  they  increase  rapidly  in  numbers  and 
do  serious  damage  to  the  crop  unless  they  are  checked.  A dry, 
cracked  soil  at  this  time  appears  to  be  favorable  to  their  becoming 
established.  It  was  the  purpose  of  the  experiment  to  determine 
whether  early  irrigation  and  frequent  later  irrigations  to  keep  the 
soil  in  a moist  condition  at  all  times  would  be  effective  against  the 
spread  of  the  root  lice  and  in  preventing  serious  damage  to  the  beet 
crop.  In  ordinary  practice  an  average  of  three  irrigations  is  applied 
to  beets,  and  the  first  is  usually  not  applied  until  after  the  migration 
period  of  the  root  lice. 

Drought  during  the  early  part  of  the  season  made  it  necessary  to 
irrigate  to  germinate  the  seed,  which  was  done  on  June  1,  and  also 
to  irrigate  all  of  the  plats  jigain  on  June  23,  before  thinning.  Dates 
of  irrigation  after  the  crop  was  thinned  were  as  follows:  Five  irriga- 
tions July  11,  20,  and  30  and  August  12  and  25;  four  irrigations — 
July  11  and  20  and  August  5 and  20;  three  irrigations — July  18  and 
August  5 and  20;  two  irrigations — July  25  and  August  20. 


12  Department  Circular  U7,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

The  yields,  amount  of  infestation,  and  sugar  content  of  the  beets 
are  shown  in  Table  VII. 


Table  VII.—  Yield,  sugar  content,  and  percentage  oj  infestation  oj  sugar  beets  in  the 
root-louse  control  experiments  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


L-II-9a 

L-II-9b 

L-II-10a 

L-II-lOb 

L-II-lla 

L-II-llb... 
L-II-12a... 
L-II-i2b.... 
L-II-13a. . . 
L-II-13b . . . . 

L-II-14a 

L-II-14b. . . . 
L-II-15a . . . . 

L-II-15b 

L-II-16a 

L-II-16b 

Average. 

Do.. 

Do.. 

Do.. 


Number 

of 

irriga- 

tions. 

Tons  per 
acre. 

Sugar 

content 

(per 

cent). 

Infestation  (percent). 
Total.  Injurious. 

Stand 
(plants 
per  acre). 

5 

4 

3 
2 

5 

4 

3 
2 

5 

4 

3 
2 

5 

4 
3 
2 

13.65 
12. 74 
13.33 
12. 61 
9. 46 
12. 52 
12. 27 
13.31 
14.80 
13.45 
13.  46 
11.49 
8.59 
8. 87 
10.96 
13.91 

16.3 

16.3 

15.7 

16.4 

14.7 

14.6 
16.0 

15.2 

15.6 
15.0 

12.7 

14.5 

17.4 

16.3 

14.3 

14.5 

20. 19 
23. 42 
43.24 
50.82 
11.71 
27.23 

48.08 
51.78 
10.02 
20. 49 
27.89 
43.92 

8.66 

10. 08 
10.69 
24. 12 

2.41 
2.0 
7.46 
10.38 
.80 
3.48 
' 13.31 

12.94 
.31 
2. 12 
5.76 
9. 19 
.60 
.73 
1.52 
3.58 

16, 758 
17,100 
17,127 
16,893 
12,060 
14,472 
16,695 
17,658 
17,325 
15,678 
15, 777 
13,995 
13,293 
12,222 
13,041 
15,300 

" 5 

11.62 

16.0 

12.64 

1.03 

4 

11.89 

15.5 

20. 30 

2.08 

3 

12.51 

14.7 

32.47 

7.01 

2 

12.83 

15.1 

42.66 

9.02 

The  results  indicate  that  the  percentage  of  infestation  increased 
consistently  as  the  number  of  irrigations  was  decreased.  It  is  also 
noted  that  there  appeared  to  be  a decrease  in  the  sugar  content  in 
the  beets  where  the  percentage  of  infestation  was  higher.  While  the 
average  yield  from  the  plats  that  received  five  irrigations  was  less 
than  on  the  plats  that  were  irrigated  two  and  three  times,  it  will  be 
noted  that  poor  stands  occurred  on  some  of  the  plats  receiving  the 
higher  number  of  irrigations  and  that  if  the  plats  of  poor  stands  are 
eliminated  in  considering  the  results  the  plats  that  received  five  irri- 
gations were  highest  in  yield,  while  the  lowest  yield  occurred  on  the 
plats  that  received  two  irrigations.  The  results  in  these  experiments 
in  previous  years  appear  to  indicate  that  less  infestation  by  the  root 
lice  occurs  when  five  irrigations  are  applied,  that  the  yields  are  in- 
creased, and  that  the  beets  that  are  free  from  lice  invariably  contain 
a larger  percentage  of  sugar. 


FRUIT  TREES. 

Tests  of  about  50  varieties  of  apples  indicate  that  only  the  hardiest 
varieties  will  withstand  the  severe  winter  conditions  and  that  these 
hardy  varieties  make  but  very  slow  growth  and  do  not  bear  fruit  for 
a number  of  years  after  planting.  In  1919  the  Northwestern  ( North- 
western Greening),  Patten  ( Patten's  Greening),  and  Wealthy  varieties, 
trees  of  which  were  planted  in  1911  and  1912,  yielded  from  10  to  60 
pounds  per  tree,  this  being  the  first  fruit  produced  by  these  trees. 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  13 

All  of  the  varieties  of  crab  apples  that  have  been  tried  have  proved 
to  be  hardy  and  have  borne  fruit  in  four  to  five  years  after  planting. 
The  varieties  that  have  produced  the  largest  quantity  of  fruit  are 
the  Lyman  (Lyman’s  Prolific ),  Excelsior,  and  Florence.  Trees  of 
these  varieties  that  were  planted  in  1911  and  1912  yielded  from  30 
to  50  pounds  of  fruit  each  in  1919. 


FEEDING  EXPERIMENTS  WITH  HOGS. 

The  swine-feeding  experiments  conducted  during  the  season  of 
1919  were  planned  to  carry  on  the  work  outlined  in  1917  and  1918, 
with  the  addition  of  a more  thorough  investigation  of  the  feeding 
a alue  of  barley.  This  work  was  conducted  in  cooperation  with  the 
Animal  Husbandry  Division  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

The  pigs  used  were,  with  one  exception,  pure-bred  Duroc-Jerseys, 
all  sired  by  the  same  boar.  One  spring  pig  in  the  pasturing  experi- 
ment was  a high-grade  Duroc- Jersey . The  pasture  plats  were  in 
field  A-III,  which  was  seeded  in  1916  and  used  as  a hog  pasture  in 
1917  and  1918. 


FATTENING  FALL  PIGS  IN  A DRY  LOT  AND  ON  ALFALFA  PASTURE  i 


On  July  7,  50  fall  pigs,  previously  on  irrigated  rotations  and  dry- 
land pastures,  were  divided  into  six  lots  and  fed  barley  or  corn 
supplemented  with  different  protein  feeds  to  determine  the  fattening 
qualities  of  the  several  rations.  The  experiment  extended  over  a 
period  of  four  weeks. 

Lots  1 to  4 contained  three  barrows  and  three  gilts  each,  their 
average  weight*  being  168  pounds.  These  hogs  were  fed  in  a dry  lot 
on  the  following  rations:  Lot  1,  barley  and  skim  milk;  lot  2,  corn 
and  skim  milk;  lot  3,  barley  and  tankage  in  the  proportion  of  10 
pounds  to  1 pound  ; lot  4,  barley  alone. 

Lot  5,  with  seven  barrows  and  six  gilts,  and  lot  6,  with  six  barrows 
and  seven  gilts,  averaged  about  133  pounds  per  pig.  Each  lot  had 
access  to  alfalfa  pasture,  consuming  the  equivalent  of  the  second  cut- 
ting of  hay  from  one-eighth  of  an  acre.  Lot  5 received  a grain  ration 
of  ground  barley,  and  lot  6 received  ground  barley  and  tankage  fed 
in  the  proportion  of  1 0 to  1 . 

The  grain  ration  was  hand  fed  twice  a day,  being  all  that  the  hogs 
would  eat  in  30  minutes.  The  results  are  shown  in  Table  VIII. 

A comparison  of  lots  1 and  2 indicates  the  relative  values  of  corn 
and  barley  when  supplemented  with  skim  milk.  For  each  pound  of 
gam  made  the  hogs  consumed  3.32  pounds  of  corn  and  3.53  pounds 
of  barley.  Thus  94  pounds  of  corn  were  equal  to  100  pounds  of 
barley  in  this  test. 


by  Ralph  E'  G°ngWer’  Wh0  had  charge  of  the  animal-husbandry  work  of  the 
station,  being  detailed  for  this  work  by  the  Animal  Husbandry  Division  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 


14  Department  Circular  1W , U.  S . Dept,  of  Agriculture . 


Table  VIII. — Results  of  experiment  in  finishing  fall  pigs  on  various  rations  supple- 
mentary to  alfalfa  pasture  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Items  of  comparison. 

Lot  1, 
barley, 
skim 
milk. 

Lot  2, 
corn, 
skim 
milk. 

Lot  3, 
barley,  10 
pounds; 
tankage, 
1 pound. 

Lot  4, 
barley. 

Lot  5, 
barley, 
alfalfa 
pasture. 

Lot  6, 
barley,  10 
pounds: 
tankage, 
1 pound : 
alfalfa 
pasture. 

Duration  of  experiment days. . 

Number  of  pigs  in  lot 

Daily  feed,  consumption: 

Grain,  per  hundredweight. . .pounds. . 
Milk do 

28 

~ 6 

3.26 

5.75 

167.3 

216.2 

1.74 

1,034 

1,821 

3.53 

6.22 

28 

6 

2.89 

5.62 

169.8 

216.8 
1.68 

935 

1,821 

3.32 
6. 46 

28 

6 

3.6 

28 

6 

3.5 

28 

13 

3.64 

28 

13 

3.72 

Average  weight: 

Initial do 

Final ....>^ do 

Daily  gain do 

Total  feed  consumed: 

Grain do 

Skim  milk do 

166.8 

209.8 

1.54 

1,115 

167.2 

207.5 

1.44 

1,080 

134.2 

166.7 

1.16 

1,964 

132.3 

163.5 

1.13 

1,964 

Feed  consumed  per  pound  cf  gain: 

Grain do 

Skim  milk do 

4.32 

4.46 

4.65 

4.84 

■ 

Lots  1,  3,  and  4 show  the  value  of  barley  supplemented  with  skim 
milk,  compared  to  barley  with  a tankage  supplement  and  barley  fed 
alone.  Barley  and  skim  milk  produced  the  most  rapid  gains,  but 
barley  and  tankage  proved  to  be  the  most  economical  ration  when  the 
value  of  the  skim  milk  consumed  in  lot  1 is  considered.  A ration  of 
barley  alone  made  the  slowest  gains  and  required  the  most  grain  per 
unit  of  gain. 

Lots  5 and  6 are  not  comparable  to  the  first  four  lots,  as  the  pigs 
were  smaller  and  were  somewhat  stunted,  due  to  running  on  dry-land 
pastures  just  previous  to  the  experiment.  Lots  5 ajid  6 gained  at 
about  the  same  rate,  but  the  barley  and  tankage  lot  required  18 
pounds  more  feed  to  produce  100  pounds  of  pork.  The  addition  of 
tankage  to  the  ration  also  increased  the  cost  of  the  feed  in  lot  6 over 
that  in  lot  5 on  barley  alone. 

Barley  and  tankage  fed  in  the  proportion  of  10  pounds  to  1 pound 
produced  the  cheapest  gains  of  any  ration  fed  and  were  only  slightly 
below  the  barley  or  corn  plus  the  skim-milk  ration  with  respect  to 
rapidity  of  gains.  Tankage  was  unnecessary  in  a ration  of  barley 
when  the  pigs  had  access  to  good  alfalfa  pasture. 

FATTENING  FALL  PIGS  ON  ALFALFA  PASTURE. 

Two  lots  of  1 1 hogs  each  were  placed  on  two  quarter-acre  plats  of 
alfalfa  on  May  15,  and  remained  for  a period  of  35  days.  Lot  1 
received  a full  feed  of  ground  barley  and  lot  2 a full  feed  of  shelled 
corn,  in  order  to  test  the  relative  merits  of  the  two  feeds  for  fattening 
purposes.  The  results  obtained  are  noted  in  Table  IX. 

The  gains  besides  being  more  rapid  in  the  corn-fed  lot  were  also 
made  with  less  grain  and  hay,  77  pounds  of  corn  producing  as  much 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919:  15 

pork  as  100  pounds  of  barley  with  21  per  cent  less  hay.  These 
results  indicate  that  for  a short,  quick  finish  on  alfalfa  pasture,  corn 
produces  pork  more  rapidly  and  economically  than  barley. 

Table  IX.  Comparison  of  barley  and  corn  for  fattening  fall  pigs  on  alfalfa  pasture  on 
the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Items  of  comparison. 

Lot  1, 

1 barley. 

Lot  2, 
corn. 

Initial  weight: 

Total,  on  May  15 

Average  per  pig  on  May  15. 

Final  weight:  

Total,  on  June  19 

Average  per  pig  on  June  i9 

Total  gain 

1 1,449 

131.7 

1,933 

175.7 

1,450 

131.8 

2,063 

187.5 

Average  daily  gain,  35  days 

Feed  consumed:  

Total  grain 

484 

1.26 

613 

1,59 

2, 153.  2 

Daily  grain  per  hundredweight  of  body 

2, 219. 5 
3.71 

Feed  consumed  per  pound  of  gain: 
Grain 

3.46 

Hay  equivalent 

4. 59 

3.51 

- . 

.62 

.49 

COMPARISON  OF  BARLEY  AND  CORN  FOR  BROOD  SOWS  WITH  SUCKLING 

PIGS. 

On  April  1, 11  pure-bred  Duroc- Jersey  sows  with  pigs  of  an  average 
age  of  2 weeks  were  divided  into  two  lots  as  nearly  equal  in  total 
weight  and  number  of  pigs  per  lot  as  was  possible.  Both  lots  were 
fed  equal  quantities  of  skim  milk,  and  each  sow  received  2 pounds  of 
mill  feed,  and  one-quarter  pound  of  tankage  per  day.  Lot  1 received 
in  addition  a grain  ration  of  ground  barley  in  comparison  with  lot 
2 receiving  a grain  ration  of  corn.  Sufficient  grain  was  fed  to  keep  the 
sows  from  losing  too  much  flesh.  The  experiment  covered  a period 
of  five  weeks. 

On  May  14,  four  sows  were  divided  into  two  lots  as  nearly  equal 
in  total  weight  as  was  possible  when  leaving  an  equal  number  of  pigs 
in  each  lot.  These  two  lots,  3 and  4,  were  grazed  on  two  quarter-acre 
plats  of  alfalfa,  the  crop  being  nearly  12  inches  high  when  the  sows 
and  pigs  were  turned  on.  Lot  3 received  a 2 per  cent  ration  of  barley 
and  lot  4 a 2 per  cent  ration  of  corn  to  supplement  the  pasture.  The 
experiment  extended  from  May  14  to  June  11.  The  results  obtained 
m these  two  tests  are  combined  in  Table  X. 

Comparing  lots  1 and  2,  the  results  show  that  a heavier  ration  was 
required  to  maintain  weight  in  the  sows  fed  with  corn  than  in  those 
fed  with  barley,  a 1.92  per  cent  ration  of  barley  equaling  a 2.18  per 
cent  ration  of  corn.  Although  the  pigs  running  with  the  sows  that 
were  fed  corn  gained  more  rapidly,  more  grain  was  required  to  pro- 
duce a pound  of  this  gain. 

In  lots  3 and  4 a 2 per  cent  grain  ration  failed  to  prevent  severe 
loss  in  weight  of  the  sows  while  on  pasture,  and  the  daily  loss  for  the 
corn-fed  sows  was  almost  twice  as  great  as  for  the  barley-fed  lot. 
n this  case  the  pigs  in  lot  3 fed  on  barley  gained  more  rapidly  than 


16  Department  Circular  1k7y  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

those  in  lot  4,  or  0.62  pound  per  day  per  head  compared  to  0.38  pound 
per  day'  per  head.  The  loss  in  weight  of  the  two  sows  on  alfalfa  pas- 
ture plus  a 2 per  cent  ration  of  corn  was  so  great  that  it  outweighed 
the  gain  in  weight  of  the  pigs,  showing  a net  loss  of  9 pounds.  The 
2 per  cent  ration  seemed  to  be  inadequate  for  their  needs.  In  lot  3 
on  the  barley  ration  the  sows  maintained  their  weight  better,  the 
pigs  gained  more  rapidly,  and  less  grain  was  required  per  unit  of  gain. 


Table  X. — Comparison  oj  barley  and  corn  when  fed  in  a dry  lot  and  on  the  alfalfa  pasture 
for  brood  sows  with  suckling  pigs  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Items  of  comparison. 

Lot  1, 
barley. 

Lot  2, 
corn. 

Lot  3, 
barley. 

Lot  4, 
com. 

Dry-lot  period 

days. . 

35 

35 

Pasture  period 

do ' 

28 

28 

Number  of  sows 

5 I 

6 

2 

2 

Number  of  pigs 

38 

41 

15 

15 

Total  initial  weight: 

Sows 

1,871 

2,057 

678 

734 

Pigs 

318 

380 

264 

152 

Total  final  weight: 

Sows 

do.... 

1,780 

1,959 

592 

565 

Pigs 

do 

899 

1,088 

496 

312 

Average  daily  weight : 

Loss  per  sow 

do 

.52 

.46 

1.53 

3.02 

Gain  per  pig 

do 

.44 

.49 

.62 

.38 

Total  weight,  sows  and  pigs: 

Initial 

do 

2, 189 

2,437 

942 

886 

Final 

do 

2,679 

3,047 

1,088 

877 

Gain 

do 

490 

610 

146 

9 

Feed  consumed: 

Skim  milk 

do 

2,450 

2,450 

Mill  feed 

do 

350 

420 

Tankage 

do 

43.75 

52.5 

Alfalfa  pasture  (hay  equivalent)...  

do. . 

600 

600 

Grain 

do 

1,642.5 

2,096 

372 

387 

Grain  per  hundredweight,  sows 

do  . 

1.92 

2. 18 

2.02 

2.00 

Grain  consumed  per  pound  of  gain: 

Sows  and  pigs : 

do 

3.35 

3.44 

2.55 

0) 

Pigs  alone 

do 

2. 81 

2.96 

1.60 

2. 42 

1 No  gain. 


The  results  are  corroborated  by  a test  conducted  at  this  station 
in  1917.  In  two  lots  of  two  sows  each,  one  lot  fed  corn  and  the  other 
fed  barley  and  both  grazing  on  alfalfa  pasture,  a pound  of  gain  was 
produced  in  the  pigs  with  2.18  pounds  of  barley  while  2.5  pounds  of 
corn  were  required. 

Considering  these  facts,  it  was  found  that  for  a brood  sow  with 
suckling  pigs,  whether  in  a dry  lot  or  on  alfalfa  pasture,  a barley  ration 
seemed  to  maintain  a more  uniform  weight  in  the  sows  and  produce 
cheaper  gains  on  the  pigs  than  corn. 

VARYING  GRAIN  RATIONS  FOR  SPRING  PIGS  ON  ALFALFA  PASTURE. 

Eight  lots  of  eight  pigs  each,  as  nearly  uniform  in  age,  weight,  and 
breeding  as  possible  to  select,  were  placed  on  alfalfa  pasture  on  June 
17  for  a period  of  99  days.  Lots  1,  2,  and  3 received  corn  at  the 
rate  of  1 per  cent,  2 per  cent,  and  3 per  cent,  respectively,  of  the 
body  weight  per  day;  lot  4 received  corn  from  a self-feeder;  lots  5,  6, 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 

and  8 received  ground  barley  at  the  rate  of  1 per  cent,  2 per  cent,  and 
3 per  cent,  respectively,  of  the  body  weight  per  day;  and  lot  7 re- 
ceived no  grain.  All  lots  were  on  divided  pasture  with  the  excep- 
tion of  lot  5,  and  all  lots  grazed  quarter-acre  areas  except  lot  7, 
which  grazed  half  an  acre.  The  results  are  noted  in  Table  XI. 


FI  T.  2.  No  gram  ’ spring  pigs  at  the  end  of  the  pasture  season,  average  weight  63.6  pounds,  on  the 
Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Table  Xl.-Feedmg  varying  grain  rations  to  spring  pigs  in  lots  of  eight  each  on  alfalfa 
pasture  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919,  ^ ^ 


[Area  of  pasture  for  lot  7 one-half  acre,  for  all  other  lots  one-fourth  acre  each.] 


Items  of  comparison. 

Lot  1, 1 
per  cent 
com. 

Lo|;  2,  2 
per  cent 
com. 

Lot  3,  3 
per  cent 
com. 

Lot  4, 
self-fed 
com. 

Lot  5,  1 
per  cent 
barley. 

Lot  6,  2 
percent 
barley. 

Lot  7, 
no  grain. 

Lot  8,  3 
per  cent 
barley. 

Average  weight,  per  pig: 
. Initial,  June  17.... 

Pounds. 

40.1 

63.6 

.236 

748 

2. 18 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

40.1 

139.2 

1.001 

3,172 

3.23 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Final,  September  24 .. . 
Daily  gain 

w,  O 

71.5 

Q1  Q 

40.  2 
108.8 

41.0 

60.0 

40.8 

71.9 

40.5 

53.1 

40.6 

90.0 

Pork  produced  per  acre 

• O I«J 

992 
o ra 

. 693 
2,196 

.192 

.314 

.128 

.499 

Feed  consumed  per  pound  of 
gain: 

Grain 

608 

996 

202 

1,580 

Hay  equivalent 1 . 

X w 

U.  O^X 

3.27  | 

3. 00 
1.48 

2.63 

3. 41 

3. 66 

1 i 

i.  oo 

1.02 

5.33 

3.25 

i6.00 

2.05 

eTta\he1it0twoycuTtoSUmated  tW°  cheCk  plats  yte,ding  “‘the  rate  of  3^240  pounds  of  hay  per 


Table  XI  shows  that  the  rate  of  gain  increases  with  the  amount  of 

fJTioo  ' i rece,ving  no  S‘'ain>  made  an  average  daily  gain 
f 0. .28  pound  per  pig,  while  the  grain-fed  lots  increased  in  daily 
gain  as  the  gram  ration  increased  up  to  1 pound  per  day  in  the  self- 
ted  lot.  (See  figs.  2 and  3.) 

The  gram  required  per  pound  of  gain  was  highest  in  the  3 per  cent 
barley  lot.  In  the  lots  fed  barley  the  least  grain  was  required  to 


18  Department  Circular  ik7,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


produce  a pound  of  pork  in  the  1 per  cent  lot,  followed  in  turn  by  the 
2 per  cent  and  the  3 per  cent  lots.  In  the  lots  fed  corn,  the  2 per  cent 
lot  made  poor  gains  and  hence  required  the  largest  weight  of  corn 
per  pound  of  gain.  Aside  from  this  lot,  the  corn-fed  lots  arranged 
themselves,  as  did  the  barley-fed  lots,  with  respect  to  grain  consumed 
per  pound  of  pork  produced,  the  self -fed  lot  requiring  the  most  grain 
and  the  1 per  cent  lot  the  least  grain. 

The  amount  of  pasture  consumed  per  pound  of  gain,  reduced  to  a 
hay  basis,  decreased  with  each  increase  in  the  grain  fed.  This  was 
true  both  in  the  barley  and  in  the  corn  fed  lots.  This  experiment 


Fig.  3.— Spring  pigs  on  alfalfa  pasture  and  self-fed  com  at  the  end  of  the  pasture  season,  average  weight 
139.2  pounds,  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 

also  affords  a comparison  of  the  value  of  corn  and  barley  as  supple- 
ments to  alfalfa  pasture  between  lots  1,  2,  and  3,  fed  corn,  and  lots 
5,  6,  and  8,  fed  barley.  The  average  of  these  three  comparisons 
shows  that  90  pounds  of  corn  are  equal  to  100  pounds  of  barley. 

DRY -LOT  PERIOD. 

An  accurate  conception  of  the  relative  values  of  these  various 
grain  rations  on  alfalfa  pasture  is  obtained  after  the  pigs  have 
reached  a marketable  weight.  This  necessitates  a drv-lot  finishing 
period  for  all  lots. 

Six  representative  pigs  were  selected  from  each  lot  and  placed  in 
a dry  lot  on  September  25.  Each  lot  was  fed  all  the  alfalfa  hay  that 
the  pigs  would  consume,  also  ground  barley  and  tankage  in  a self- 
feeder,  mixed  in  the  proportion  of  10  pounds  of  barley  to  1 pound  of 
tankage.  The  results  are  noted  in  Table  XII. 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919 . 19 


Items  of  comparison. 


Dry-lot  period days 

Average  weight  per  pig: 
Initial,  September  25, 

pounds 

Final pounds. 

Daily  gain do... 

Total  feed  consumed: 

Grain do... 

n do... 

ijrain  fed  per  pound  of 
gain do. 


Loti,  1 
per  cent 
corn. 

Lot  2,  2 
per  cent 
corn.i 

Lot  3,  3 
per  cent 
corn. 

Lot  4, 
self-fed 
corn. 

Lot  5,  1 
per  cent 
barley. 

Lot  6,  2 
per  cent 
barley. 

Lot  7, 
no  grain. 

Lot  8,  3 
per  cent 
barley. 

85 

73 

62 

41 

78 

76 

105 

56 

68.7 

181.7 

1.33 

78.2 

186.6 

1.48 

103.7 

196.2 

1.49 

133.0 

198.5 

1.60 

65.8 

182.7 

1.50 

70 

174.0 

1.37 

56.7 

200.0 

1.36 

98.5 
193.3 
i . 69 

5,506 

55 

2,764 

33 

2,780 

30 

1,926 

10 

3,763 

57 

3,315 

54 

4,581 

27 

2,912 

59 

5.17 

5.10  | 

1 

5.01 

4.90 

5.37 

5.31 

5.33 

5.12 

suLSd6  Pig  deveI°Ped  hernia  and  was  removed  from  the  lot.  Correction  has  been 


made  for  the  grain  con- 

,ifSlWgt^dry;l0tfPeri0d  there  WaS  VCry  Iittle  choice  between  the 
eight  lots  in  the  rate  of  gain  and  in  the  feed  consumed  per  unit  of  gain 

the  most  rapid  gams  were  made  in  lot  8,  1.69  pounds  per  pig  per  day 
and  the  lowest  gams  were  in  lot  1 , 1 .3.3  pounds  per  pig  per  day.  The 
gram  required  per  pound  of  gain  was  highest  in  lot  5,  5.37  pounds 
and  the  lowest  in  lot  4,  4.90  pounds.  All  lots  made  reasonable  gains 
and  none  of  the  pigs  appeared  to  be  stunted  or  unthrifty  due  to  their 
united  grain  ration  during  the  pasture  season.  The  results  from  the 
pasture  and  dry-lot  periods  are  combined  in  Table  XIII. 

T‘“  — 
[Area  of  pasture  lor  lot  7,  one-half  acre,  for  all  other  lots  one-fourth  acre  each.] 


Items  of  comparison. 

Lot  1 , 1 
per  cent 
corn. 

Lot  2,  2 
per  cent 
com. 

Lot  3,  3 
per  cent 
corn. 

Lot  4, 
self-fed 
corn. 

Lot  5,  1 
per  cent 
barley. 

Lot  6.  2 
per  cent 
barley. 

Lot  7, 
no  grain  . 

Lot  8,  3 
per  cent 
barley. 

Pasture  period days 

99 

99 

99 

62  _ 

99 

41 

99 

78 

99 

76 

Dry-lot  period do 

85 

73 

99 

105 

99 

56 

Total 

Weight  per  pig: 

Initial pounds. . 

At  end  of  pasture  sea- 

184 

172 

161 

140 

177 

175 

204 

155 

40.1 

40.5 

40.2 

40.1 

40.0 

40.8 

40.5 

40.6 

. son pounds. . 

At  beginning  of  dry-lot 

63.6 

71.5 

108.8 

139.2 

60.  y 

71.9 

53.1 

90.0 

season pounds. . 

Final do.... 

Daily  gain do 

Total  feed  consumed: 

68.7 

181.7 

.74 

78.2 

186.6 

.86 

103.7 
196. 2 
1.00 

133.0 

198.5 

1.18 

65.8 

182.7 

.77 

70.0 

174.0 

.77 

56.7 

200.0 

.76 

98.5 

193.3 

.93 

Grain do. 

Hay  and  hay  equiva- 

5,083 

5,300 

5,349 

5,130 

5,417 

5,264 

6,108 

5,329 

lent pounds.. 

T eed  consumed  per  pound  of 

883 

863 

850 

823 

886 

882 

1,656 

889 

gain: 

Grain pounds. . 

Hay do.... 

4.66 

.81 

4:ll 

4.15 

.66 

3.90 

.62 

4.98 

.81 

4.87 

.82 

4.89 

1.33 

4.62 

.77 

The  average  grain  consumption  per  pound  of  gain  for  all  lots  on 

t “7  °f  ‘r,  w- 3js  »»""*■  *« «» <kj.bt  pSiS 

then  loui?'"'’  "!  “ 0t*  “'t  519  poun<l“-  1V  <*ief  ulvL.g, 

hen  would  seem  to  be  in  making  as  much  growth  as  possible  on 


20  Department  Circular  lk7,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


pasture  and  reducing  the  length  of  the  expensive  dry-lot  period. 
This  is  sTiown  in  Table  XIII.  Lot  4,  in  a dry  lot  only  41  days,  pro- 
duced a pound  of  pork  with  3.90  pounds  of  grain  during  the  com- 
bined periods.  Lot  7,  in  a dry  lot  105  days,  required  4.89  pounds  of 
grain  to  make  1 pound  of  pork  for  the  two  periods  even  when  credited 
with  101  pounds  of  pork  produced  on  pasture  with  no  grain  charge. 

Lot  4,  self-fed  corn,  required  the  least  grain  and  the  least  hay  and 
pasture  to  produce  a pound  of  pork.  The  3 per  cent  com  and  the 
3 per  cent  barley  lots  followed  in  the  order  named  in  economy  of 
gains. 

A comparison  of  the  corn-fed  and  the  barley-fed  lots  would  be  of 
more  value  if  the  difference  in  feeds  had  been  continued  during  the 
dry-lot  period.  Lots  1,2,  3,  and  4 received  barley  after  the  first  56 
days  of  the  experiment.  Comparing  lots  1,  2,  and  3 with  lots  5,  6, 
and  8 in  Table  XIII,  the  corn-fed  pigs  made  a pound  of  pork  with 
0.3  pound  less  grain  and  0.05  pound  less  hay. 

AVERAGE  RESULTS,  1917,  1918,  AND  1919. 

The  results  obtained  in  this  experiment  over  a period  of  three 
years,  with  corn  as  the  varying  grain  ration,  on  alfalfa  pasture,  are 
compiled  in  Table  XIV.  The  conditions  each  year  were  similar  to 
those  described  for  1919. 


Table  XIV. — Results  of  feeding  spring  pigs  on  alfalfa  pasture  and  in  a dry  lot  on  tht 
Huntley  Experiment  Farm  averaged  for  1917,  1918,  and  1919. 


Items  of  comparison. 

No  grain. 

1 per 
cent 
com. 

2 per 
cent 
com. 

3 per 
cent 
com. 

Self-fed 

com. 

Area  of  pasture 

acres.. 

0.50 

0.25 

0.25 

0.25 

0.25 

Number  of  pigs 

8 

n 

8 

8§ 

Pasture  period 

days.. 

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

Dry-lot  period 

do 

132 

121 

105 

84 

70 

Total 

do 

217 

206 

190 

169 

155 

Weight  per  pig: 

Initial 

38 

37 

38 

38 

38 

At  end  of  pasture  season 

At  beginning  of  dry-lot  season 

48 

55 

67 

90 

122 

50 

57 

68 

89 

120 

Final 

187 

182 

193 

201 

203 

Gain  per  pig: 

Total 

147 

143 

154 

164 

167 

Daily 

.68 

.70 

.81 

.97 

1.08 

Total  feed  consumed : 

Grain 

5,615 

5,022 

5,698 

5,915 

5.561 

Hay  or  hay  equivalent 

2,878 

1,445 

1,209 

1,466 

1,498 

Feed  consumed  per  pound  of  grain: 

Grain 

4.75 

4.78 

4.63 

4. 1&. 

4.00 

Hay 

2.44 

1 

1.37 

1.07 

1.03 

.1.08 

Table  XIV  shows  that  the  average  daily  gain  per  pig  in  the  lots 
receiving  no  grain,  1 per  cent  corn,  2 per  cent  corn,  3 per  cent  corn, 
and  self-fed  corn  was  0.68  pound,  0.70  pound,  0.81  pound,  0.97  pound, 
and  1.08  pounds,  respectively,  for  the  combined  pasture  and  dry-lot 
periods.  The  weights  of  grain  required  per  pound  of  gain  for  the 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  21 

same  periods  and  lots  were  4.75,  4.78,  4.63,  4.16,  and  4.00  pounds 
respectively.  The  weights  of  hay  and  hay  equivalent  required  per 
pound  ot  gam  for  the  same  periods  and  the  same  lots  were  2.44  1.37 
1.07,  1.03,  and  1.08  pounds,  respectively. 

With  these  figures,  the  result  of  experimentation  for  three  years 
with  121  hogs  as  a basis,  it  may  be  said: 

(1)  That  the  heavier  the  grain  ration  fed  to  spring  pigs  grazing  on  alfalfa  pasture 
the  more  quickly  they  reach  a marketable  weight. 

(2)  That  the  hay  and  pasture  required  per  pound  of  gain  decreased  with  an  increase 
in  the  grain  ration  on  pasture,  with  the  exception  of  a slight  increase  in  the  self-fed 
lot  over  the  2 and  3 per  cent  lots. 

(3)  That  aside  from  the  fact  that  the  pigs  fed  no  grain  required  0.03  pound  less 
gram  ior  the  entire  penod  than  those  fed  with  a 1 per  cent  ration  to  produce  a pound 
of  pork,  the  larger  the  amount  of  grain  fed  while  on  pasture  the  less  grain  was  required 
to  grow  a hog  to  a marketable  weight. 


CROP-UTILIZATION  EXPERIMENTS. 


PASTURING  ALFALFA  WITH  HOGS. 

In  rotation  67,  field  K,  and  in  rotation  69,  field  L-IV,  two  quarter- 
acre  plats  of  third-year  alfalfa  are  pastured  by  hogs.  The  pasturing 
season  is  divided  into  two  periods:  May  to  June,  inclusive,  the  spring 
period,  and  July  to  October,  the  summer  period.  Fall  pigs  are  used 
during  the  first  period  and  spring  pigs  during  the  second'"  The  pigs 
are  put  on  at  the  rate  of  2,000  to  2,500  pounds  per  acre. 

Each  plat  is  divided  into  two  equal  areas  and  the  hogs  alternated 
from  one  pasture  to  the  other  each  9 to  12  days,  depending  upon  the 
growth  of  the  alfalfa.  This  arrangement  allows  the  hogs  fresh 
pasture  at  regular  intervals  and  makes  irrigation  more  convenient 
The  hogs  are  weighed  each  14  days.  With  these  weights  as  a basis 
the  hogs  are  fed  a supplementary  ration  of  shelled  corn  at  the  rate  of 
2 pounds  daily  per  100  pounds  live  weight. 

The  results  obtained  from  pasturing  alfalfa  with  hogs  for  the 
years  1913  to  1919,  inclusive,  are  shown  in  Table  XV. 


Table  XV -Results  of  pasturing  pigs  on  alfalfa  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm 
during  the  7 -year  period  from  1913  to  1919,  inclusive.  ‘ 

[Calculations  reduced  to  an  acre  tasis.  As  only  the  third  crop  of  alihlfa  was  pastured  in  1913  the  results 
for  that  year  are  not  jised  in  determining  the  averages.]  ’ 


Year. 


Rota- 

tion 

No. 


1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1917. 

1918. 

1918. 

1919. 
1919. 


Average. 


Number  of  pigs. 


Spring. 


Summer. 


19 


33 


Number 

of 

days. 


41 

138 

150 

145 

150 

152 

148 

148 

159 

161 


150 


Pigs  (weight  in  pounds). 


Initial. 


2, 788 
3,272 
4,364 
3,520 
3,280 
3,288 
3,200 
3,216 
3,720 
3,700 


Final. 


3,624 

5,572 

6,840 

6,552 

5,460 

5,768 

5,560 

5,464 

6,196 

5,796 


| . 3,057  | 6,912 


Gain. 


Total. 


Average 
daily 
Per  pig. 


836 
2,300 
2, 476 
3,032 
2,180 
2, 480 
2,360 
2,248 
2,476 
2,096 


2,405 


Grain 

fed 

per 

pound  of 
gain. 


0. 50 
.42 
.70 
.85 
.74 
.72 
.66 
.63 
.57 
.48 


.64 


2.65 

2.78 
3. 13 

2.79 
2.87 
2. 64 
2.72 
2.85 
2.99 
3.43 


2.91 


22  Department  Circular  1^7,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOGGING-OFF  CORN. 

The  spring  pigs  used  to  pasture  the  alfalfa  in  rotation  67,  field  K, 
are  used  to  hog-off  the  corn  in  the  same  rotation  in  the  fall.  The  hogs 
are  put  on  the  plats  of  mature  corn  at  the  rate  of  1,000  to  1,500 
pounds  per  acre. 

Table  XYI  gives  the  results  obtained  from  hogging-off  corn  for  the 
eight  years  1912  to  1919,  inclusive,  reported  on  an  acre  basis. 


_ Table  XVI. — Results  of  hogging-off  corn  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  during  the 
8-year  period  from  1912  to  1919,  inclusive. 

[Calculations  reduced  to  an  acre  basis.] 


Weight  (pounds). 

} 

Year. 

Number 
of  hogs. 

Number 
of  days. 

Hogs. 

• 

Pork  per 
acre  per 
day. 

Grain 
fed  per 
pound 
of  gain. 

Esti- 

mated 

yield. 

Initial. 

Final. 

Total 

gain. 

1912 

20 

16 

2,900 

3,288 

388 

24.2 

5.3 

Bushels. 

36.4 

1913 

16 

23 

1,312 

2,280 

768 

33.3 

4.4 

60.0 

1914 

16 

22 

1,380 

2,276 

896 

40.7 

3.2 

50.4 

1915 

16 

25 

1,376 

2,240 

864 

32.6 

4.5 

52.4 

1916 

16 

20 

1,516 

2, 188 

672 

33.6 

5.0 

60.0 

1917 

16 

24 

1,200 

1,828 

628 

25.2 

3.8 

43.2 

1918 

16 

27 

1,428 

2, 152 

724 

26.8 

5.1 

65.0 

1919 

16 

27 

1,636 

2,112 

476 

24.1 

4.1 

55.0 

Average 

16.5 

23 

1,594 

2, 293 

677 

30.1 

4.4 

52.8 

HOGGING-OFF  CORN  AND  RAPE. 

In  rotation  69,  field  L-IV,  Dwarf  Essex  rape  is  drilled  between 
the  corn  rows  about  the  last  of  July  at  the  rate  of  8 pounds  per  acre. 
By  the  time  the  corn  matured  the  rape  had  made  a good  growth. 
The  hogs  were  removed  from  the  alfalfa  pasture  in  the  same  rotation 
and  put  on  the  corn  and  rape  plats.  Table  XVII  presents  the 
results  obtained  from  pasturing  corn  and  rape  during  the  4-year 
period  from  1916  to  1919. 


Table  XVII. — Results  of  hogging-off  corn  and  rape  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm 
for  the  4-year  period  from  1916  to  1919,  inclusive. 

[Calculations  reduced  to  an  acre  basis.] 


[ 

Weight  (pounds). 

Year. 

Number 
of  hogs. 

Number 
of  days. 

Hogs. 

Pork  per 

Grain 
fed  per 
pound 
of  gain. 

1 . Esti- 
mated 
yield. 

Initial. 

Final. 

Total 

gain. 

acre  per 
day. 

1916 

8 

38 

660 

1,246 

586 

15.42 

4.85 

Bushels. 

50.8 

1917 

16 

22 

1,168 

1,700 

532 

24.18 

4.33 

41.1 

1918 

16 

35 

1,156 

1,964 

808 

23.10 

3.80 

55.0 

1919 

16 

29 

1,116 

1,930 

814 

48.06 

2.41 

60.0 

Average 

14 

31 

1,025 

1,710 

685 

27.69 

3.85 

51.7 

Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  23 

Comparing  the  average  results  for  eight  years  of  hogging-off  corn 
without  rape  with  the  average  of  four  years  of  hogging-off  corn  and 
rape,  there  seems  to  be  a slight  advantage  in  favor  of  the  corn  and 
rape.  This  is  shown  in  Table  XVIII. 


Table  XVUI.— Comparison  of  results  of  hogging-off  arm  for  four  years  with 
Jor  eight  years  without  rape  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm. 
[Calculations  reduced  to  an  acre  basis.] 


rape  and 


Item  of  comparison. 

Average  results. 

Eight 

years 

without 

rape. 

Four  years 
with  rape. 

Number  of  hogs  per  acre. 

16.5 

23 

1,594 

2,293 

677 

30.1 

52.8 

4.4 

14 

31 

1,025 

1,710 

685 

27.7 

51.7 
3.85 

S wSght?pe^ent - 

Initial , 

Final pounds.. 

Gain 4° 

Pork  per  acre  per  dav. . . -'9° — 

Yield  of  corn  (estimated) " 

Estimated  gram  fed  per  pound  of  gain pound- ' ’ 

HOGGING-OFF  CORN  WITH  AND  WITHOUT  TANKAGE. 


In  order  to  test  the  value  of  tankage  as  a supplementary  feed  for 
hogs  used  in  hogging-off  corn,  two  lots  of  eight  pigs  each  were  placed 
on  two  1-acre  plats  of  corn,  and  one  lot  was  given  free  access  to 
tankage  in  a self-feeder.  The  results  are  presented  in  Table  XIX. 


Table  XIX.  Comparison  of  results  in  hogging-off  corn,  with  and  without  tankage , 
the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


on 


Items  of  comparison. 

Lot  1, 
corn  alone. 

Lot  2, 
corn  and 
tankage. 

Area  of  pasture 

Number  of  hogs. . 

1 

8 

52 

587 

1,082 

1.19 

1 

Duration  of  experiment 

Total  weight:  

Initial 

Final 

8 

52 

581 

Average  daily  gain 

Yield  per  acre  (estimated ) . . 

1,070 

1.17 

Tankage  consumed ...  

50 

50 

Estimated  corn  fed  per  pound  of  gain  do  * 

37 

O.  DO 

5. 72 

The  results  indicate  that  the  addition  of  tankage  to  the  ration 
was  of  no  value  in  increasing  the  rate  of  gain  or  in  reducing  the 
corn  consumed  per  unit  of  gain. 


PASTURING  EXPERIMENTS. 

PASTURING  SHEEP. 

A pasture  carrying-capacity  test  with  sheep  was  begun  in  1919. 
The  pasture  used  in  this  test  contained  1.4  acres  and  was  seeded  to 
white  clover  and  bluegrass,  one  half  in  1913  and  the  other  half  in 
1918  (fig.  4).  The  pasture  was  divided  and  the  sheep  alternated 


24  Department  Circular  ik7>  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

from  one  pasture  to  the  other  every  10  to  14  days,  as  the  pasture 
required.  The  number  of  sheep  varied  during  the  season,  enough 
sheep  being  kept  to  consume  all  of  the  pasture.  The  first  ewes  and 
their  lambs  were  placed  on  pasture  on  May  11,  and  the  last  lambs 
removed  on  October  4.  During  the  season  of  146  days  an  average 
of  five  ewes  and  nine  lambs  were  carried  per  acre  of  pasture.  Cal- 
culated to  a standard  basis,  the  ewes  gained  96  pounds  and  the  lambs 
424  pounds  from  each  acre  pastured. 

PASTURING  EXPERIMENTS  WITH  DAIRY  COWS.i 

A pasturing  experiment  with  dairy  cattle  to  determine  the  carry- 
ing capacity  of  three  pasture  mixtures  which  was  conducted  in  1918 


Fig.  4.— Sheep  on  pasture  consisting  of  bluegrass  and  white  clover  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm 

in  1919. 


was  continued  in  1919.  The  mixtures  used  in  this  test  and  the  rate 
of  seeding  of  each  of  the  grasses  and  clovers  in  the  mixtures  were 
as  shown  in  Table  XX. 


Table  XX. — Pasture  mixtures  and  rates  of  seeding  in  a carrying-capacity  test  with 
dairy  cattle  on  the  Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 


Rate  per  acre  of  seeding  (pounds). 


Awnless  brome-grass 

Orchard  grass 

Tall  fescue 

Perennialry  e-grass. . 
Kentucky  bluegrass. 

White  clover 

Alsike  clover 

Seed  per  acre. . 


Pasture  mixtures. 


Mixture 

Mixture 

Mixture 

No.  1. 

No.  2. 

No.  3. 

2 

2 

5 

5 

5 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

4 

2 

2 

2 

2 

21 

17 

16 

1 This  report  was  prepared  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Shepherd,  who  was  detailed  by  the  Dairy  Division  of  the  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry  to  have  charge  of  the  work  with  dairy  cattle. 


25 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919. 

These  pastures  were  seeded  in  1916  and  cut  for  hay  in  1917.  There 
were  2 acres  of  each  pasture  mixture,  and  the  pastures  in  each  case 
were  divided. 

Since  the  number  of  cows  in  the  herd  was  limited,  not  enough 
cows  in  milk  were  available  for  all  the  pasture  experiments,  and 
some  of  the  cows  in  each  lot  were  dry  during  the  course  of  the  experi- 
ment. The  cows  in  milk  were  divided  into  as  nearly  equal  lots  as 
was  possible  with  respect  to  the  length  of  the  lactation  period,  previ- 
ous and  present  production,  weight,  and  date  of  next  calving. 

In  1918  the  cows  were  not  placed  on  pasture  until  May  22,  and  a 
crop  of  hay  was  harvested  from  the  pastures  before  the  pasturing 
experiment  was  begun.  The  pasture  period  for  mixtures  Nos.  1 and 
3 extended  to  October  12,  or  a total  of  144  days.  The  cows  on 
pasture  mixture  No.  2 were  removed  on  October  2 because  of  short 
pasturage,  so  that  the  pasture  period  qn  this  mixture  was  only  134 
days.  Three  cows  were  placed  on  each  mixture  at  the  beginning  of 
the  test.  A fourth  cow  was  added  to  each  group  on  June  10,  as  it 
was  found  that  three  cows  could  not  keep  the  pastures  grazed  closely 
enough.  They  were  removed  on  August  23,  only  three  cows  remain- 
ing in  each  group  after  that  date. 

Two  cows  on  mixture  No.  1 were  producing  milk  during  the  entire 
pasture  season,  but  the  third  cow  was  dry  throughout  the  season. 
The  fourth  cow,  which  was  placed  on  each  mixture  from  June  10  to 
August  22,  was  a dry  cow  in  each  case.  On  mixture  No.  2 there 
were  three  milking  cows,  but  they  were  taken  from  pasture  and  from 
the  experiment  10  days  earlier  than  were  those  on  mixtures  Nos.  1 
and  3.  On  mixture  No.  3 two  cows  were  milking  part  of  the  season; 
the  third  was  dry. 

In  1919  the  cows  were  placed  on  pasture  on  May  8,  four  cows  in 
each  group.  One  cow  was  removed  from  mixtures  Nos.  1 and  2 
on  June  23  and  one  from  mixture  No.  3 on  June  25.  The  three  cows 
remaining  in  each  group  were  carried  on  the  pasture  for  the  re- 
mainder of  the  pasture  season  with  the  exception  of  one  week  begin- 
ning  July  9,  when  they  were  all  removed  to  allow  the  pastures  to 
recover  from  too  close  grazing.  The  pasture  season  extended  to 
September  28,  a total  of  141  days. 

All  four  cows  on  each  mixture  were  milking  at  the  beginning  of 
the  pasture  season.  Of  the  three  cows  which  were  on  mixture  No.  1 
during  the  entire  season,  two  continued  to  milk  until  they  Were  taken 
off  pasture,  while  the  third  cow  went  dry  on  September  10.  Two 
of  the  three  cows  on  mixture  No.  2 were  milking  throughout  the 
season,  while  the  third  cow  was  dry  on  August  13.  Two  cows  on 
mixture  No.  3 milked  throughout  the  season,  the  third  going  dry 
on  August  13.  The  cow  removed  from  each  mixture  the  latter  part 
of  June  was  milking  during  the  time  she  was  on  the  experiment. 

The  pastures  in  each  part  of  the  experiment  were  divided  and  each 
part  pastured  alternately  for  periods  of  five  days  to  two  weeks,  de- 


26  Department  Circular  lkl , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture .* 


pending  upon  pasturage  conditions.  Each  part  of  the  pasture  was 
irrigated  soon  after  the  cows  were  removed  to  the  alternate  pasture 
until  early  in  September. 

Table  XXI  gives  the  results  per  acre  obtained  from  each  of  the 
three  mixtures  in  1918  and  1919. 


Table  XXI. — Results  of  pasturing  experiments  with  dairy  cows  on  the  Huntley  Experi- 
ment Farm  in  1918  and  1919. 


Items  of  comparison. 

Mixture  No.  1. 

Mixture  No.  2. 

Mixture  No.  3. 

1918 

1919 

1918 

1919 

1918 

1919 

Length  of  grazing  season days. . 

Grazing  period  per  acre do 

Alfalfa  hay  fed  while  cows  were  off  pas- 
ture  pounds.. 

Average  daily  number  of  cows  per  acre 

Average  gain  in  weight  per  cow  during 
season  (three  cows  in  each  case). pounds . . 

Milking  period  per  acre days. . 

Production  per  acre: 

Milk pounds.. 

Butterfat do 

Skim  milk do 

Hay do 

144 

202 

1,475 

1.402 

115 

159.5 

3.016.2 
105.04 

2.666.3 
2,674 

141 

216.5 

536 

1.535 

125.6 

227.5 

4,527.8 

168. 05 
3, 967. 4 

134 

197.4 

1,115 

1.352 

64 

201 

4,041.6 
129. 96 
3,609.1 
2, 140 

141 

216.5 

513 

1.535 

39.2 

213.5 

3, 789. 5 
137. 61 
3,330.8 

144 

207 

1,530 

1.444 

44 

85 

2,587.8 

83.95 

2,308.3 

1,278 

141 

217.5 

542 

1.543 

112.3 

214.5 

3,998.9 

128.62 

3,570.2 

Values  per  acre : 

Butterfat 

Skim  milk 

Total  of  butterfat  and  skim  milk. . . 

Hay  at  $15  per  ton 

$44.94 

13.33 

$90. 58 
19.83 

$53. 86 
18. 05 

$74. 17 
16.65 

$36. 80 
16.65 

$69.33 

17.85 

58. 27 

110. 41 

71.91 

90.82 

48.34 

87.18 

20. 05 
78.32 

11.06 
67.26 

16.05 

87.96 

8.36 

81.60 

9.58 
57. 92 

11.47 

46.45 

Total  of  butter  fat,  milk,  and  hay 

Hay  fed  ($15  per  ton  in  1918;  $20pertonin 
1919) 

5.36 

105.05 

5. 15 
85.67 

5.42 

81.76 

Net  returns  per  acre 

The  number  of  grazing  days  denotes  the  total  number  of  24-hour 
days  that  the  cows  were  pastured  on  each  acre. 

The  number  of  milking  days  denotes  the  number  of  24-hour  days 
that  the  cows  in  milk  were  on  the  experiment. 

The  value  of  the  butter  fat  was  computed  at  the  actual  average 
price  received  in  each  case,  being,  in  1918,  42.8  cents  per  pound  for 
cows  on  pasture  mixture  No.  1;  41.44  cents  for  those  on  mixture  No. 
2;  and  43.82  cents  for  those  on  mixture  No.  3.  In  1919  the  average 
price  received  in  each  case  was  53.9  cents  per  pound.  Skim  milk 
was  uniformly  valued  at  50  cents  per  100  pounds. 

The  cows  were  off  pasture  during  stormy  weather,  when  pastures 
were  short,  or  on  account  of  injury  to  a cow,  and  at  night  after  August 
28,  1918,  and  September  14,  1919.  It  was  during  these  periods  that 
the  hay  noted  in  the  above  table  was  fed. 

The  large  net  income  per  acre  received  from  pasture  mixture  No. 
2 in  1918,  which  was  $81.60  as  compared  with  $67.26  for  mixture 
No.  1 and  $46.45  for  mixture  No.  3,  was  undoubtedly  due  to  the 
longer  period  that  the  cows  in  milk  were  on  that  pasture  mixture. 

In  1919  the  results  from  the  different  pasture  mixtures  were  more 
nearly  the  same,  corresponding  closely  with  the  number  of  milking 


Huntley  Experiment  Farm  in  1919.  27 

days  per  acre.  Since  the  number  of  milking  days  was  larger  in  1919 
and  butter  fat  had  a greater  value  per  pound,  greater  returns  resulted 
in  each  instance  over  1918.  While  the  average  number  of  cows  per 
acre  was  practically  the  same  on  all  of  the  mixtures,  it  was  apparent 
from  observation  that  the  amount  and  growth  of  the  pasture  on  mix- 
tures Nos.  1 and  3 were  greater  than  for  mixture  No.  2,  and  it  was 
evident  that  the  addition  of  a small  proportion  of  clover  increased  the 
production  of  the  pastures.  Mixture  No.  1 appeared  to  have  a slight 
advantage  in  growth  over  mixture  No.  3,  indicating  that  brome-grass 
is  a valuable  addition  in  a pasture  mixture. 

CARRYING  CAPACITY  OF  AN  ACRE  OF  IRRIGATED  PASTURE. 

An  experiment  to  determine  the  maximum  carrying  capacity  of  an 
acre  of  mixed-grass  pasture  was  conducted  in  field  A,  on  1 acre  of 
pasture  seeded  to  mixture  No.  1,  already  described.  This  pasture 
was  seeded  in  1916  and  was  top-dressed  with  manure  in  1917  and  1918. 
The  pasture  was  divided  and  each  part  pastured  alternately  in  periods 
of  5 to  10  days.  The  pasture  season  began  on  May  8 and  closed  on 
September  28,  a period  of  141  days.  Two  cows  were  carried  on  this 
acre  throughout  the  season  with  the  exception  of  one  week  beginning 
July  9,  when  they  were  removed  because  of  too  close  grazing.  Four 
cows  were  used  on  this  experiment  during  the  summer.  Of  the  two 
cows  (Nos.  204  and  218)  placed  on  the  experiment  on  May  8,  No.  204 
was  removed  on  July  23,  being  replaced  by  cow  No.  216  three  days 
later.  Cow  .No.  218  was  removed  on  September  11,  being  replaced 
by  cow  No.  215  on  that  date.  With  the  exception  of  one  week 
beginning  July  17,  when  cow  No.  218  was  dry,  the  cows  were  all  giving 
milk  during  the  time  they  were  on  the  experiment.  Cow  No.  204 
gained  9 pounds  while  on  the  experiment;  cow  No.  218  gained  40 
pounds,  and  cow  No.  216,  31  pounds.  Cow  No.  215  was  on  the 
experiment  only  18  days  and  lost  17  pounds  during  that  period. 

1 he  carrying  capacity  proved  to  be  greater  than  that  of  the  pastures 
used  m the  pasture-mixture  experiment.  Table  XXII  gives  the 
results  obtained  in  this  test. 


Table  XXII  -Remits  of  tl^  maximum  carrying  capacity  of  an  irrigated  pasture  on  the 
Huntley  Experiment  Farm  m 1919. 


Items  of  comparison.- 

1919 

Items  of  comparison. 

1919 

Length  of  grazing  season days 

Grazing  period  per  acre do' 

Alfalfa  hay  fed  while  cows  were  off  pas- 

tUTe.  . nnnmln 

141 

255 

768 

1.808 

275 

Values  per  acre: 
Butter  fat 

$100.40 
26.  64 

Skim  milk 

Average  daily  number  of  cows  per  acre 
Milking  period  per  acre days 

PrOdllPtlATl  T~\ nr  opro* 



Total  of  butter  fat  and  skim  milk. 

127. 04 

1 vuui;tu/ii  ptJI  aCIc. 

pounds.. 

Butter  fat d« 

5, 992.  5 
199. 12 
5,328.8 

V alue  of  alfalfa  hay  fed,  at  $20  per  ton  1 
| Net  returns  per  acre  of  pasture 

7768 
119. 36 

Skim  milk rin 

i 

o 


) 


'■  ■ 


. 


Cooperative  Extension  Work  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics 

United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  and  State 
Agricultural  Colleges,  Cooperating 


THE  FARM  WOMAN’S  PROBLEMS 

FLORENCE  E.  WARD 

In  Charge,  Extension  Work  with  Women 
Office  of  Extension  Work  North  and  West 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  148 


Contribution  from  the  States  Relations  Service 

A.  C.  TRUE,  Director 


Washington,  D.  C. 


November,  1920 


WASHINGTON 


S GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  office  : 1920 


FOREWORD. 


In  this  circular  may  be  found  data  with  interpre- 
tations relating  to  the  work  and  problems  of  10,044 
farm  women  in  the  Northern  and  Western  States, 
with  an  indication  as  to  how  some  of  these  problems 
are  being  met  through  the  aid  of  home-demonstra- 
tion agents  working  in  cooperation  with  groups  of 
farm  women. 

Refore  agriculture  and  rural  life  can  reach  its 
highest  development  the  farm  home  and  the  rural 
community  must  be  made  as  efficient,  as  attractive, 
and  as  satisfying  to  the  whole  family  as  the  farm  is 
to  the  farmer.  This  calls  for  better  rural  schools, 
better  roads,  better  health  facilities,  more  modern 
conveniences  in  the  home,  more  attention  to  home 
beautification,  and  more  time  for  play,  for  social 
life  and  hospitality  among  rural  people. 

Help  in  the  farm  home  is  rare  and  exceedingly 
difficult  to  obtain.  The  data  reported  in  this  paper 
show  that  if  the  farm  woman  is  to  take  her  part  in 
the  social  and  civic  life  of  her  own  family  and  the 
community  in  which  she  lives,  her  work  and  the  con- 
ditions surrounding  the  home  must  be  so  adjusted  as 
to  make  this  possible. 

Making  life  in  the  farm  home  satisfying  is  one  of 
the  big  problems  of  the  open  country  to-day  and  one 
which  the  cooperative  agricultural  extension  service 
is  helping  to  meet  through  the  home  demonstration 
agents,  whose  work  is  touched  upon  in  this  circular. 


Chief , Office  of  Extension  Work,  North  and  West . 


THE  FARM  WOMAN’S  PROBLEMS. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 


A survey  of  farm  home  conditions 3 

How  the  survey  was  made 4 

Interpreting  the  data 4 

Economic  importance  of  the  farm 

woman g 

Some  facts  from  the  survey 7 


Page. 


Sidelights  from  the  survey 14 

Problems  revealed  by  the  survey 16 

The  survey  and  the  extension  service-  16 

Home-economics  specialists 19 

Activities 19 

Future  studies 24 


A SURVEY  OF  FARM  HOME  CONDITIONS. 

The  farm  home  is  a vital  part  of  the  farm.  The  business  of 
farming,  unlike  banking,  storekeeping,  and  manufacturing,  is  a 
family  matter.  The  wife  is  a necessary  partner  in  the  business. 
Heretofore  much  attention  has  been  given  to  the  farm  and  the 
farmer,  but  relatively  little  to  the  farmer’s  wife  and  the  home. 

With  the  desire  #to  extend  to  the  farm  woman  the  most  practical 
and  acceptable  assistance  possible  in  promoting  her  ivork,  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture,  in  cooperation  with  the  State  colleges  of 
agriculture  and  county  farm  bureaus,  made  in  1919  a survey  of 
about  10,000  representative  farm  homes  in  the  rural  regions  of  the 
33  Northern  and  Western  States  to  learn  from  the  farm  women 
themselves  their  real  problems  and  how  the  extension  service  may 
aid  in  solving  them. 

This  survey  is  believed  to  be  one  of  the  most  significant  pieces 
of  work  yet  undertaken  in  the  field  of  farm  home  studies.  One 
needs  but  to  follow  the  average  woman  of  the  survey  through  a 
week’s  routine  to  realize  her  many  problems  and  to  gain  some  con- 
ception of  the  vitality  and  skill  called  into  play  by  her  duties  as 
cook,  seamstress,  laundress,  and  nurse;  family  purchasing  agent; 
teacher  of  her  children;  and  factor  in  community  life;  as  well  as 
producer  of  dairy,  garden,  and  poultry  products. 

The  10,000  records  received  from  farm  women  were  secured  largely 
by  home-demonstration  agents  between  June  and  October,  1919. 
These  present  convincing  evidence  as  to  actual  living  and  working 
conditions  under  which  farm  women  are  meeting  their  responsh 
bilities  as  partners  in  the  farming  business,  and  unmistakably  point 
to  certain  definite  kinds  of  assistance  which  the  cooperative  exten- 
sion service  can  extend  to  rural  homes  of  the  Northern  and  Western 
States. 


3 


4 Department  Circular  lk8,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HOW  THE  SURVEY  WAS  MADE. 

It  may  properly  be  asked  at  the  outset  to  what  extent  the  homes 
surveyed  are  typical  of  farming  conditions  over  the  33  Northern 
and  Western  States  in  which  the  studies  were  made.  The  plan  fol- 
lowed was  (1)  to  choose  the  most  typical  farming  counties  of  each 
State;  (2)  to  take  one  or  more  of  the  most  typical  farming  communi- 
ties in  each  county;  (3)  to  secure  a record  from  every  farm  home  in 
the  locality  selected,  irrespective  of  size,  farm  tenure,  prosperity  of 
farm  family,  or  other  conditions ; (4)  to  select,  if  possible,  a locality 
containing  from  35  to  50  homes;  and  (5)  to  include  in  the  survey 
none  but  bona  fide  farm  homes.  A study  of  the  returns  show  that 


Pig.  1. — Counties  reporting  work  on  the  farm  home  survey. 

The  survey  included  reports  from  10,000  representative  farm  homes  in  241  counties 
in  the  33  Northern  and  Western  States. 


this  plan  was  fairly  well  complied  with.  The  figures  obtained  on 
the  size  and  type  of  farms  surveyed  and  the  relative  percentage  of 
tenantry  and  farm  ownership  agree  so  closely  with  the  figures  shown 
in  the  census  of  1910  for  the  corresponding  geographic  section  as  to 
confirm  the  belief  that  the  localities  were  comparatively  representa- 
tive, although  it  seems  probable  that  a somewhat  better  response  was 
obtained  from  the  more  progressive  element  of  the  communities,  and 
that  in  consequence  the  answers  presumably  show  conditions  rather 
above  the  average. 

INTERPRETING  THE  DATA. 

In  considering  the  details  of  the  survey  that  follow  it  should  be 
noted  that  in  no  single  instance  did  all  of  the  women  answer  any 


The  Farm  Woman’s  Problems.  5 

one  question.  For  example,  9,767  people  answered  the  question  re- 
garding washing  and  ironing;  9,400,  or  96  per  cent,  stated  that  this 
work  was  done  at  home.  It  is  evident  that  in  some  cases,  women 
tilling  out  the  blank  laid  it  down  at  some  interruption  and  in  taking 
it  up  again  omitted  certain  questions.  Many  persons,  apparently, 
assumed  that  if  they  omitted  a question  entirely  they  were  indi- 
cating with  sufficient  clearness  that  the  conditions  under  discussion 
did  not  exist  in  their  families.  For  example,  a large  number  failed 
to  answer  questions  bearing  upon  the  number  of  children  of  various 
ages,  apparently  because  they  had  no  children.  The  same  is  true  of 
questions  dealing  with  members  of  the  family  incapacitated  by  old 
age  or  illness;  hired  men  and  hired  girls;  the  vacation  or  “days  off” 
ol  the  home  maker  and  other  points  of  information.  It  has,  there- 
ore,  been  necessary  to  base  the  average  or  percentage  in  each  case 
upon  the  number  of  explicit  answers  instead  of  on  the  total  number 
of  surveys  received,  a procedure  which  results  in  certain  instances  in 
figures  somewhat  at  variance  with  the  actual  facts. 

In  considering  the  figures  of  the  survey  one  should  realize  that  it 
is  a composite  picture,  representing  on  the  one  hand  a favored  small 
percentage  of  women  whose  surroundings,  working  conditions,  and 
social  experiences  reach  high  levels  of  comfort  and  progress,  and  on 
le  other  a larger  percentage  of  less  fortunately  placed  women.  The 
resulting  outline  may  give  a somewhat  exaggerated  impression  of 
ardship  unless  one  thinks  of  the  motive  back  of  the  work  of  wife 
and  mother  and  the  compensations  that  come  to  every  home  maker 
m her  round  of  activities  for  the  happiness  and  comfort  of  her  family 
Anyone  who  has  experienced  the  satisfaction  of  living  in  the  open 
country  knows  that  the  average  farm  woman  is  more  fortunately 
placed  m many  ways  than  her  average  city  sister.  Studies  of  living 
and  working  conditions  of  city  home  makers  bring  to  light  in  many 
homes  not  only  handicaps  in  home  equipment  and  conveniences,  but 
an  environment  detrimental  to  health,  happiness,  and  development. 
The  varied  interests  of  the  farm  woman’s  life,  her  contact  with  crow- 
ing things,  her  enjoyment  of  seasonal  changes  in  nature,  and  her 
reedom  from  noise,  dust,  and  confusion  is  not  to  be  lost  sight  of  in 
comparing  her  conditions  and  opportunities  with  those  of  home 
makers  of  urban  communities.  It  is  not,  however,  the  purpose  of 

is  discussion  to  go  into  comparisons,  but  to  present  conditions  as 
the  survey  reflects  them. 

That  marked  progress  has  been  made  during  the  past  few  years  in 
raising  rural  home  standards  of  living  can  not  be  questioned.  Every 
community  boasts  some  homes  which  exemplify  the  fact  that  the 
country  to-day  with  a reasonable  amount  of  prosperity  and  good 
management  offers  all  the  traditional  freedom  and  independence  of 


6 Department  Circular  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

rural  living  with  most  of  the  hardships  of  former  days  eliminated. 
The  telephone  and  the  automobile  in  large  measure  free  the  farm 
family  from  isolation.  Modern  machinery  for  farm  and  home  elim- 
inates the  drudgery  from  field  and  kitchen.  Iiural  engineering  has 
mastered  the  problems  of  sanitation  for  the  farm  home.  Community 
centers  make  possible  wholesome  and  inspiring  social  contacts  and 
mediums  of  self-expression.  Yet  with  all  these  modern  resources 
which  are  taken  advantage  of  and  enjoyed  by  many  progressive  and 
prosperous  farm  families,  there  is  still  a large  percentage  of  the  farm 
homes  in  this  country,  according  to  the  figures  of  the  survey,  not  yet 
feeling  to  any  marked  degree  the  influence  of  these  life-giving  factors. 
It  is  the  realization  of  this  need  that  prompts  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  the  State  colleges  of  agriculture  to  offer  the  service 
of  extension  work  with  women,  a work  which  would  not  be  needed 
if  all  homes  had  reached  the  high  state  of  comfort  and  efficiency  at- 
tained by  the  few. 

ECONOMIC  IMPORTANCE  OF  THE  FARM  WOMAN. 

The  survey  indicates  that  much  loss  to  family  and  community 
through  waste  of  woman  power  could  be  prevented  by  a reasonable 
amount  of  planning  and  well  directed  investment  in  modern  equip- 
ment. 

Everywhere  we  hear  of  the  economic  importance  of  a contented 
rural  population  willing  to  stay  on  the  land  and  help  to  build  it  up. 
Perhaps  the  greatest  factor  in  bringing  this  about  will  be  the  healthy, 
alert,  and  expert  home  makers  who,  with  the  other  members  of  the 
farm  family,  will,  see  to  it  that  a part  of  the  increased  income  from 
the  farm  is  directed  toward  the  improvement  of  the  home  as  a means 
of  contentment  and  stimulus  for  farm  work.  Economists  of  our 
country,  seeing  the  steady  migration  cityward,  recognizing  the  dearth 
of  farm  labor  as  a limiting  factor  in  production,  and  connecting  this 
with  the  isolation  and  inconvenience  of  rural  living  conditions,  are 
pointing  out  that  where  these  exist  it  is  doubtful  business  policy  to 
use  increased  income  to  buy  more  land  with  heavy  interest  charges 
against  it  rather  than  to  spend  part  of  that  income  in  raising  stand- 
ards of  living  so  that  farm  women  may  find  contentment  in  comfort- 
able homes,  and  young  people  need  not  go  to  the  cities  in  search  of 
attractive  living  conditions  and  a satisfying  social  life. 

Statistics  show  that  larger  numbers  of  young  women  than  of  young 
men  are  leaving  the  rural  districts  for  the  cities.  In  many  localities 
the  influence  of  the  home-demonstration  agent  has  been  most  telling 
in  helping  young  women  to  realize  their  economic  importance  in 
agricultural  and  home  pursuits,  and  to  discover  sources  of  incomes 
from  the  land  equal  to  those  that  can  be  earned  in  shop  or  factory. 


The  Farm  Woman  s Problems. 


7 


The  entire  purpose  which  animates  the  work  of  the  cooperative 
extension  service  as  it  pertains  to  the  home  is  to  help  the  home  maker 
to  so  arrange  the  various  departments  of  her  housekeeping  that  she 
may  secure  for  herself,  her  family,  and  her  community  the  highest 
possible  degree  of  health,  happiness,  and  efficiency.  Hence  the  facts 
in  this  survey  become  a challenge  for  increased  cooperation  with  the 
farming  people  in  placing  housekeeping  on  at  least  as  sound  an  eco- 
nomic basis  as  farming  itself,  and  the  interest  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  in  these  studies  of  the  labor,  the  working  equipment,  and 
the  compensations  of  the  farm  woman  is  as  practical  and  as  scientific 
as  is  it's  interest  in  studies  of  the  labor,  the  machinery,  and  the  crop 
returns  of  the  farmer,  and  for  the  same  general  reasons,  n 

SOME  FACTS  FROM  THE  SURVEY. 

WORKING  HOURS  AND  VACATIONS. 

In  industries,  where  love  and  service  are  not  the  ruling  motives,  a 
walkout  might  be  foreshadowed  by  conditions  brought  out  in  Table 
I,  which  shows  that  the  average  working  day,  summer  and  winter, 
for  over  9,000  farm  women  is  11.3  hours,  and  that  87  per  cent  of  8,773 
women  report  no  regular  vacation  during  the  year,  although  a large 
per  cent  tell  of  scattered  “ days  off  ” in  the  family  automobile. 


Table  I. — Length  of  the  toothing  day  and  vacation  of  farm  women. 


Section  of  country. 

Summer. 

Winter. 

Propor- 
tion of 
women 
having 
regular 
vacation. 

Length 

of 

vacation. 

Work. 

Rest. 

Work. 

Rest. 

Eastern 

Central. 

Western 

Country  wide 

Number  of  records 

Hours. 

13.0 

13.2 

13.0 

Hours. 

1.6 

1.5 

1.8 

Hours. 

10.7 

10.5 

10.2 

Hours. 

2.4 

2.3 

2.4 

Per  cent. 
13 
12 
13 

Days. 

12.4 
10.8 

16.4 

13.1 
9, 530 

1.6 

8,360 

10.5 

9,164 

2.4 
8, 164 

13 
8, 773 

11.5 

1,241 

HOUSEHOLD  DUTIES. 


Table  II  shows  the  extent  of  certain  household  tasks  of  farm  women. 
Some  of  these  might  be  eliminated  if  the  principles  of  modern  business 
were  applied,  and  labor  and  time  spent  on  others  might  be  lessened  if 
the  average  farmhouse  were  as  well  equipped  as  the  up-to-date  home 
or  even  the  up-to-date  barn,  the  appliances  of  which  the  farmer  looks 
upon  as,  so  much  currency  with  which  to  buy  efficiency. 


8 Department  Circular  ik8,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  II. — Some  household  duties  of  the  farm  woman. 


Rooms 
to  care 
for. 

Stoves 
to  care 
for. 

Care 

for 

kero- 

sene 

lamps. 

Carry  water. 

Do 

Do 

own 

sewing. 

Daily 

mend- 

ing. 

Do 

Section  of  country. 

Per- 

cent- 

age. 

Dis- 

tance. 

own 

wash- 

ing. 

own 

bread 

baking. 

Eastern 

Num- 

ber. 

Num- 

ber. 

Per  cl. 

Feet. 

Per  ct. 

Per  ct. 

Hours. 

Per  ct. 

9.7 

1.3 

81 

54 

23 

94 

86 

0.5 

89 

Central 

7.7 

1.3 

79 

68 

41 

97 

94 

.6 

97 

Western 

5.3 

1.1 

74 

57 

65 

97 

95 

.5 

97 

Country  wide 

7.8 

1.29 

79 

61 

39 

96 

92 

.6 

94 

Number  of  records 

9, 781 

9,224 

9,896 

6,511 

6,708 

9,767 

9, 724 

8,001 

9,614 

MODERN  EQUIPMENT  BRINGS  HEALTH  AND  LEISURE. 


Lighting. — The  installation  of  a modern  lighting  system  would 
release  some  time  in  the  79  per  cent  of  9,896  homes  where  kerosene 
lamps  are  used.  The  initial  cost  would  be  small  when  weighed 
against  convenience  and  comfort. 

Heating. — The  average  farm  woman  has  an  8-room  house  to  keep 
clean.  Nine  thousand  of  these  houses  are  supplied  with  from  one  to 
two  stoves,  not  counting  the  kitchen  range.  These  add  to  the  daily 
work  of  54  per  cent  of  the  rural  women  who  when  heat  is  needed  not 
only  carry  into  the  house  the  coal  or  wood  to  feed  these  stoves,  but, 
according  to  their  statements,  keep  the  home  fires  burning  through- 
out the  day.  This  condition  could  be  greatly  improved  by  some  type 
of  modern  heating  equipment  placed  in  the  basement  which  would 
keep  the  whole  house  comparatively  warm  and  usable  throughout  the 
winter,  and  prevent  the  congestion  that  results  when  the  winter 
living  quarters  are  limited  to  the  kitchen  and  one  or  two  other  rooms. 
The  normal  town  dweller  keeps  all  parts  of  his  house  comfortably 
warm,  but  all  too  frequently  the  farm  family  contents  itself  with 
going  to  bed  in  chilled  rooms,  and  fails  to  connect  lack  of  warmth 
and  of  facilities  for  bathing  and  dressing  with  ailments  and  resultant 
doctor  bills  whose  expense  would  in  many  cases  pay  for  a modern 
heating  system. 

Power. — As  power  on  the  farm  is  one  of  the  greatest  time  and  labor 
savers  for  the  farmer  so  power  in  the  home  is  one  of  the  greatest 
boons  to  the  housewife.  Forty-two  per  cent  of  the  homes  answering 
the  question  reported  power  for  operating  farm  machinery.  When 
we  consider  that  it  is  often  a simple  matter  to  connect  the  engine 
used  at  the  barn  with  household  equipment  it  seems  a singular  fact 
that  but  15  per  cent  of  the  farm  homes  reporting  have  this  advantage. 
Power  for  such  frequently  recurring  tasks  as  sweeping,  running  the 
washing  machine,  and  churning  would  greatly  relieve  the  farm 


The  Farm  Woman’s  Problems.  9 

woman  and  give  her  a satisfying  sense  of  modern  efficiency.  The 
eastern  section  reports  35  per  cent  power  on  the  premises,  and  8 per 
cent  in  the  home.  One  State  reports  7 per  cent,  and  another— the 
lowest— 2 per  cent  of  power  machinery  in  the  home.  One  State— the 
highest— shows  47  per  cent  of  power  in  the  home  with  72  per  cent  on 
the  farm.  The  one  next  highest  shows  44  per  cent  in  the  home  and 
i cS  per  cent  on  the  farm. 

Running  water.— It  is  frequently  stated  that  running  water  is  the 
pivot  upon  which  much  modern  convenience  and  comfort  turns.  Only 
32  per  cent  of  the  homes  answering  the  questions  report  runnino- 
water,  that  is,  water  drawn  from  a faucet,  and  possibly  available  for 
use  in  other  rooms  besides  the  kitchen.  Sixty-five  per  cent  of  the 
homes  have  water  111  the  kitchen  only,  that  is,  supplied  directly  from  a 
pump  or  possibly  by  means  of  a rubber  hose  attached  to  a barrel 
located  inside  or  outside  of  the  kitchen.  However,  in  60  per  cent  of 
e homes  there  is  a sink  with  drain,  even  though  in  many  cases  the 
water  used  has  to  be  carried  into  the  house  by  the  pailful. ' In  61  per 
cent  of  the  6,511  homes  into  which  the  water  must  be  carried  this 
work  is  done  by  women.  Of  9,679  women  answering  the  question  20 
per  cent  have  bathtubs  in  their  homes.  The  State  ranking  highest 

reported  48  per  cent  of  homes  having  bathtubs  and  the  one  rankino- 
lowest  3 per  cent. 

No  one  single  thing  brings  so  much  relief  to  farm  women  in  meet- 
ing their  endless  tasks  as  does  the  use  of  running  water.  It  is  un- 
doubtedly  the  greatest  need  in  rural-home  life  to-day  on  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  farms.  The  advent  of  the  bathtub,  the  indoor 
toilet  and  other  conveniences  dependent  upon  running  water,  brin<r 
not  only  untold  release  from  drudgery  but  a sense  of  pride  and  owner* 
ship  which  is  as  important  a factor  in  a woman’s  success  in  her  daily 

''Tiu  ttt  aS  18  modern  machinery  in  the  success  of  the  farmer 
I able  III  summarizes  some  of  the  more  important  data  regarding 
the  equipment  of  the  farm  homes  surveyed  8 g 


Table  III.  Equipment  of  farm  homes  surveyed. 


Section  of  country. 

Run- 

ning 

water. 

Power 

ma- 

chinery. 

Water 

in 

kitchen. 

Wash- 

ing 

ma- 

chines. 

Carpet- 

sweep- 

er. 

Sewing 

ma- 

chines. 

Screen- 

ed-win- 

dows 

and 

doors. 

Out- 

door 

toilet. 

Bath 

tub. 

Sink 

and 

drain. 

Eastern . . . 

Central 

Western 

Per  ct. 
39 
24 
36  1 

Per  ct. 

8 

22 

12 

Per  ct. 
85  1 
60 
45 

Per  ct. 
52 
64 
48 

Per  ct. 
58 
46 
29 

Per  ct. 

94 

95 
95 

Per  ct. 
95 
98 
91 

Per  ct. 
79 
89 
86 

Per  ct. 
18 
19 
25 

Per  ct. 
80 
52 
44 

Average | 

Number  of  records. 

32 

9,374 

15 

9,080 

65  1 
9,374  i 

57 

9,580 

47 

9,513 

95 

9,560 

96 

9,667 

85 

9,580 

20 

9,679 

60 

9,334 

14428°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  lh8,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


HIRED  HELP. 

The  survey  shows  the  passing  of  the  “ hired  girl,”  once  so  important 
a factor  in  the  economic  and  social  life  of  the  farm  home.  The  an- 
swers received  regarding  help  by  the  month  and  by  the  day  are,  as 
noted  earlier,  somewhat  ambiguous.  They  may  be  interpreted  to 
mean,  however,  that  the  number  of  homes  employing  hired  women 
the  year  round  is  almost  negligible,  while  about  14  per  cent  of  the 
8,693  families  reporting  employed  hired  women  for  short  periods, 
perhaps  during  the  peak  of  the  heavy  summer  work.  The  average 
period  during  which  such  assistance  is  available  is  3.6  months,  the 
largest  number  of  hired  women  and  the  shortest  term  being  in  the 
eastern  section,  the  smallest  number  of  hired  women  and  the  longest 
term  of  service  being  in  the  western  section.  From  8 to  10  per  cent 
of  the  homes  seem  to  employ  women  to  help  by  the  day  an  average  of 
11  days  per  week.  This  assistance  seems  to  be  mainly  for  laundry 
work  and  cleaning.  The  percentage  of  homes  employing  such  help 
by  the  day  is  larger  in  the  eastern  section  than  in  the  central  and  west- 
ern sections.  The  growing  scarcity  of  domestic  help  only  further 
emphasizes  the  necessity  for  simplifying  the  housework  and  providing 
the  farm  home  with  all  modern  labor-saving  devices. 

OUTDOOR  WORK. 

In  addition  to  her  various  duties  in  the  house,  the  farm  woman  is 
a productive  worker  on  the  farm,  as  evidenced  by  the  figures  shown  in 
Tables  IV,  V,  and  VI.  These  figures  show  that  36  per  cent  of  the 
women  reporting  help  with  the  milking  of  the  family  herd,  56  per  cent 
take  most  of  the  care  of  the  garden,  81  per  cent  care  for  the  chickens, 
25  per  cent  help  with  the  live  stock,  and  24  per  cent  help  in  the  field 
an  average  of  6.7  weeks  during  the  year. 

Table  IV. — Outdoor  work  and  keeping  accounts. 


Section  of  country. 

Help  with 
live  stock. 

Help  in  field. 

Care  for 
gardens. 

Keep  farm 
accounts. 

Keep  home 
accounts. 

Per- 

centage. 

Weeks  per 
year. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Per  cent. 

Eastern 

24 

27 

8.5 

41 

28 

23 

Central 

26 

22 

4.9 

67 

34 

33 

Western 

27 

23 

6.7 

57 

33 

34 

Average 

25 

24 

6.7 

56 

32 

30 

Number  of  records 

9,365 

9,179 

2, 196 

9,526 

8,730 

8,750 

The  dairy. — Table  V shows  that  33  per  cent  of  the  8,498  farm 
women  reporting  make  butter  to  sell.  Since  butter  making,  either 
for  home  use  or  for  sale,  adds  one  item  to  the  farm  woman’s  over- 


The  Farm  Womans  Problems.  H 

crowded  schedule,  it  would  seem  to  be  justified  only  when  a good 
creamery  is  not  within  reach.  Experts  advise  that  normally  thelbest 
utilization  of  milk  is  to  send  the  surplus  to  a creamery,  after  reserv- 
ing an  ample  supply  for  home  use,  as  the  income  from  the  dairy  herd 
is  usually  greater  when  the  product  is  handled  by  the  creamery  than 
when  butter  is  made  at  home. 


Table  V.— Woman’s  part  in  the  work  of  the  dairy. 


Section  of  country. 

Cows  per 
farm. 

Help  to 
milk. 

Wash 

milk 

pails. 

Wash 

separator. 

Make 

butter. 

Keep 
records 
of  butter 
money. 

Sell 

butter. 

Have 

butter 

money. 

Eastern 

Central 

Western 

Average 

Number  of  records ... 

8.0 

6.8 

4.8 

Per  cent. 
24 
45 
37 

Per  cent. 
85 
93 
85 

Per  cent. 
50 
76 
63 

Per  cent. 
43 
66 
74 

Per  cent. 
22 
30 
36 

Per  cent. 
31 
33 
33 

Per  cent. 
9 
9 
16 

6.8 

9,570 

36 

9,342 

88 

9,361 

65 

8,817 

60 

9,190 

29 
6, 356 

33 

8,498 

11 

5, 354 

Accounts. —Getting  the  most  from  a dollar  and  making  sure  that 
the  home  industry  pays  is  recognized  as  an  essential  part  of  o-ood 
business  by  30  per  cent  of  the  8,750  answering  the  question  regard- 
ing household  finances,  who  stated  that  they  were  keeping  home 
accounts  (Table  IY).  Thirty-two  per  cent  were  also  keeping  farm 
accounts.  The  records  of  those  reporting  show  that  11  per  cent  of 
those  selling  butter  and  16  per  cent  of  those  selling  eggs  have  the 
money  for  their  own  use. 

Poultry.  Results  of  studies  by  poultry  specialists  agree  in  gen- 
eral with  the  figures  in  Table  VI,  which  show  that  81  per  cent  of  all 
poultry  flocks  covered  by  the  survey  is  cared  for  by  women,  the  largest 
per  cent  (89)  being  in  the  Middle  West. 


Table  VI.— Care  of  poultry,  keeping  records,  and  money  returns. 


Section  of  country. 

Caring  for 
poultry. 

Average 
size  of 
flock. 

Have 
poultry 
money  for 
own  use. 

Have  egg 
money. 

Keep 
records  of 
egg  money. 

Eastern......  . 

Per  cent. 
69 
89 
84 

90 

102 

71 

Per  cent. 
13 
25 
21 

Per  cent. 
16 
16 
17 

Per  cent. 

38 

51 

41 

Central 

Western 

Average 

81 

9,477 

90 

9,742 

22 

8,312 

16 

8,324 

45 

8, 628 

Number  of  records.. 

Community  enterprises.- Table  VII,  indicating  an  average  dis- 
tance  of  5.9  miles  to  the  nearest  high  school,  2.9  miles  to  the  nearest 
church,  and  4.8  miles  to  the  nearest  market,  shows  that  country  peo- 
ple are  far  enough  from  the  center  of  trade  and  social  and  religious 
activities  to  develop  a spirit  of  individualism  and  to  put  their 


12  Department  Circular  lk8,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

neighborliness  and  piety  to  the  test.  It  points  to  the  importance  of 
pooling  individual  interest  in  common  community  enterprises,  such 
as  canning  kitchens,  buying  centers,  markets,  laundries,  salvage 
shops,  and  sewing  rooms,  as  well  as  social  centers  for  lectures,  com- 
munity sings,  dramatics,  and  games,  which,  if  properly  handled, 
overcome  the  isolation  of  country  homes  and  make  possible  the  ac- 
complishment of  many  otherwise  difficult  tasks  with  a saving  of  time 
and  labor  for  the  housewife,  and  often  afford  an  opportunity  for 
increased  income  as  well  as  recreation  for  the  entire  family. 

The  automobile  contributes  materially  to  community  life  by  re- 
ducing the  distance  factor.  It  will  be  noted  in  Table  VII  that  an 
average  of  62  per  cent  of  farms  of  the  9,545  reporting  own  cars,  with 
the  largest  percentage  (73)  in  the  Middle  West.  The  telephone  also 
helps  to  overcome  distance  and  isolation  in  72  per  cent  of  the  9,748 
homes  reporting.  In  this  respect  the  Central  West  shows  an  advance 
over  other  sections,  with  85  per  cent  of  the  farm  homes  reporting 
telephones. 


Table  VII. — Distances,  automobiles,  and  telephones. 


Section  of 
country. 

Miles 

to 

district 

school. 

Miles 

to 

high 

school. 

Miles 

to 

church. 

Miles 

to 

market. 

Miles 

to 

family 

doctor. 

Miles  to 
nearest 
hospital. 

Miles  to 
nearest 
trained 
nurse. 

Family 

used 

auto. 

Homes 

having 

phones. 

Eastern 

1.2 

4.3 

1.9 

3.1 

3.5 

12.8 

9.9 

Per  cent. 
48 

Per  cent. 
67 

Central 

1.6 

5.1 

2.6 

4.6 

4.9 

12.7 

11.8 

73 

85 

Western 

1.7 

9.6 

5.1 

7.7 

10.4 

17.7 

15.5 

62 

56 

Average . . . 

1.5 

5.9 

2.9 

4.8 

5.  7 

13.9 

11.9 

62 

72 

Number  of 
records 

9,627 

9,767 

9,726 

9,708 

9,837 

9,605 

9,463 

9,545 

9,748 

HEALTH. 

Fortunate  is  the  farm  family  whose  members  know  the  rudiments 
of  caring  for  the  sick  and  have  an  emergency  kit  fitted  up  and  at 
hand.  According  to  figures  in  Table  VII,  the  average  farm  home  is 
more  than  5^  miles  from  the  family  doctor,  nearly  12  miles  from  a 
trained  nurse,  and  about  14  miles  from  a hospital.  These  distances 
are  shortest  in  the  eastern  section  and  longest  in  the  western  section. 
This  means  that  even  though  the  farm  home  be  provided  with  an 
automobile  and  a telephone,  the  farm  family  may  be  obliged  to  act 
unaided  in  case  of  sickness,  childbirth,  or  serious  accident,  and  that 
its  members  perhaps  need  more  than  ordinary  training  to  prepare 
them  for  such  exigencies.  Of  6,223  homes  answering  the  questions 
regarding  members  partially  or  totally  incapacitated  by  old  age  or 
chronic  illness,  1 out  of  every  8 reported  a member  partially  inca- 
pacitated, and  1 out  of  every  33  a member  totally  incapacitated. 


The  Farm  Woman’s  Problems . 


13 


Along  with  proper  nutrition,  clothing,  and  exercise,  sanitary  con- 
ditions have  an  important  bearing  on  the  health  of  the  children  and 
adults  on  the  farm.  On  the  basis  of  9,580  reports,  85  per  cent  of 
rural  homes  still  have  outdoor  toilets.  Only  20  per  cent  (9,679 
answering)  have  bathtubs,  and  this  does  not  necessarily  imply  that 
20  per  cent  have  hot  water  in  connection  with  the  tub.  Almost  uni- 
versally the  houses  are  screened,  as  indicated  by  the  96  per  cent  of 
9,667  homes  reporting.  The  screened  kitchen  porch  is  found,  how- 
ever, in  but  32  per  cent  of 
the  9,502  homes  reporting. 


CHILDREN. 


Among  the  surprises  in 
tabulating  the  surveys  was 
the  small  number  of  chil- 
dren in  the  farm  homes, 

7,467  reports  showing  an 
average  of  but  1.18  under 
10  years  of  age  for  each 
home,  and  but  0.89  for  each 
home  between  10  and  16 
years  of  age.  It  may  be 
of  interest  here  to  note 
that  the  number  of  chil- 
dren in  rural  homes  of  the 
East  falls  below  the  coun- 
try-wide average,  the  re- 
port showing  0.98  under 
10  years  and  0.77  between 
10  and  16  years,  on  a basis 
of  2,573  reports.  The  num- 
ber of  children  per  home 
is  highest  in  the  western 
section,  1.4  under  10  years 
(1,734  reports)  and  0.97 
between  10  and  16  years 
(1,923  reports).  About  2,600  homes  neglected  to  answer  this  ques- 
tion, probably  because  there  were  no  children,  so  the  figures  quoted 
above  can  not  be  regarded  as  too  low. 

Child  life  is  a vitally  important  factor  in  rural  districts,  and  for 
the  future  of  our  agriculture,  if  for  no  other  reason,  as  intelligent  an 
ettort  should  be  made  and  as  much  money  should  be  expended  to  safe- 

gUf,ri^1th®  chi1<1  life  on  the  farm  as  to  safeguard  other  life  that  has  to  do 
with  the  building  up  of  the  farm.  A large  amount  of  underdevelop- 


for  bathing  a 


Fig.  2. — Convenient  arrangement 
small  baby. 

The  survey  shows  that  the  average  number  of 
children,  in  the  farm  home  is  surprisingly  small  and 
that  the  amount  of  underdevelopment  and  malnu- 
trition is  large.  Conservation  of  child  life  is  one 
of  the  greatest  problems  and  duties  of  the  farm 
woman. 


14  Department  Circular  148,  V.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


ment  and  malnutrition  in  rural  children,  and  this  irrespective  of 
the  prosperity  of  the  homes  from  which  they  come,  has  recently  been 
revealed  by  weighing  and  measuring  tests  in  many  localities.  A 
campaign  to  bring  farm  children  up  to  normal  standards  of  nutrition 
and  development  should  arouse  greater  enthusiasm  and  command 
greater  support  than  campaigns  in  the  interest  of  cow  testing  or 
poultry  culling. 

SIDE  LIGHTS  FROM  THE  SURVEY. 

Interesting  side  lights  revealing  what  was  really  in  the  minds  of 
some  of  the  farm  women  when  they  filled  out  the  blanks  of  the  sur- 
vey are  shown  by  comments  written  as  footnotes  or  on  sheets  at- 
tached. These  original  and  intimate  expressions  of  opinion  and  con- 
viction, which  range  from  comments  on  individual  difficulties  or 
advantages  to  analysis  and  philosophy  of  the  bigger  issues  of  country 
living,  are  counted  among  the  most  precious  records  received  by  the 
department. 

Briefly  stated,  here  are  some  of  the  points  of  view  expressed : 

Farm  women  love  the  country  and  do  not  want  to  give  up  its  free- 
dom for  city  life.  What  they  do  want  is  normal  living  and  working 
conditions  in  the  farm  home.  “ The  country  offers  greater  oppor- 
tunity for  satisfying  life  than  the  city,  and  country  women  have  as 
great  capacity  as  city  women  for  the  enjoyment  of  life,  but  are  more 
handicapped  with  routine  which  absorbs  their  time  and  strength.” 

Because  of  the  shortage  of  help  prevalent  throughout  the  country, 
women  consider  it  especially  important  that  modern  equipment  and 
machinery,  so  far  as  possible,  do  the  work  which  would  otherwise 
fall  to  women. 

The  questions  are  asked : “ Does  the  farmer  lack  business  sagacity 
who  invests  in  the  sulky  plow,  used  only  during  one  season  of  the 
year,  and  puts  off  the  purchase  of  the  washing  machine  ? ” “ Is  it  an 

error  in  judgment  to  justify  outlays  which  result  in  better  crops  and 
buildings  and  consider  home  investments  an  extravagance  ? ” 

The  farm  woman  does  not  wish  to  put  up  with  an  unsatisfactory 
to-day  in  the  anticipation  of  something  better  to-morrow  or  in  her 
old  age,  but  wants  a chance  to  enjoy  to-day  as  the  only  possession 
she  is  sure  of.  She  feels  that  she  owes  it  to  herself  and  her  family  to 
ukeep  informed,  attractive,  and  in  harmony  with  life  as  the  years 
advance.” 

Women  realize  that  no  amount  of  scientific  arrangement  or  labor- 
saving  appliances  will  of  themselves  make  a home.  It  is  the  woman’s 
personal  presence,  influence,  and  care  that  make  the  home.  House- 
keeping is  a business  as  practical  as  farming  and  with  no  romance 
in  it;  home  making  is  a sacred  trust,  “A  woman  wants  time  sal- 
vaged from  housekeeping  to  create  the  right  home  atmosphere  for  her 


15 


The  F arm  Woman’s  Problems. 

children,  and  to  so  enrich  their  home  surroundings  that  they  may 
gain  their  ideals  of  beauty  and  their  tastes  for  books  and  music  not 
from  the  shop  windows,  the  movies,  the  billboards,  or  the  jazz  band 
but  from  the  home  environment.” 

In  the  minds  of  many  women  is  the  thought  that  the  man  at  the 
head  of  the  house  lives  under  a strain  of  hard  work  and  competition 
and  that  “ for  him  to  have  a comfortable  fireside  and  a family  that 
is  happy,  healthy,  well  fed,  well  clothed,  well  sheltered,  and  con- 
tented is  his  right  and  his  greatest  boon.” 

The  farm  woman  knows  that  there  is  no  one  who  can  take  her 
place  as  teacher  and  companion  of  her  children  during  their  early 
impressionable  years  and  she  craves  more  time  for  their  care.  She 
feels  the  need  of  making  the  farm  home  an  inviting  place  for  the 
3 oung  people  of  the  family  and  t’heir  friends  and  of  promoting  the 
recreational  and  educational  advantages  of  the  neighborhood  in  order 
to  cope  with  the  various  forms  of  city  allurements.  She  realizes  that 
modern  conditions  call  for  an  even  closer  contact  and  deeper  sym- 
pathy between  mother  and  child.  The  familiar  saying,  “ God  could 
not  be  everywhere  so  He  made  mothers,”  has  a very  practical  ap- 
plication, as  no  amount  of  education  and  care  given  to  children  in 
school  or  elsewhere  outside  the  home  can  take  the  place  of  mothering 
in  the  home.  “ The  home  exists  for  the  child,  hence  the  child’s  devef 
opment  should  have  first  consideration.” 

Farm  women  want  to  broaden  their  outlook  and  keep  up  with  the 
advancement  of  their  children  “ not  by  courses  of  study  but  by  bring- 
ing progressive  ideas,  methods,  and  facilities  into  the  everyday  work 
and  recreation  of  the  home  environment.” 

The  farm  woman  feels  her  isolation  from  neighbors  as  well  as  from 
libraries  and  other  means  of  keeping  in  touch  with  outside  life  She 
counts  her  favorite  farm  paper  or  woman’s  magazine  among  her 
valued  aids.  She  believes  that  farm  women  should  come  together 
more  often  in  organized  groups  to  learn  from  each  other  and  to 
gam  a mastery  of  their  problems  through  united  effort.  “ The 
farmer,”  she  declares,  “ deals  much  with  other  men.  The  children 
form  associates  at  school  but  wTe,  because  of  our  narrow  rano-e  of 
duties  and  distance  from  neighbors,  form  the  habit  of  staying  at 
home  and  to  a greater  degree  than  is  commonly  supposed  feel^the 
need  for  congenial  companionship.” 

Thus  the  farm  woman,  who  has  sometimes  been  considered  con- 
servative and  inclined  to  question  the  value  of  things  new  and  un- 
tried, expresses  openmindedness  and  a forward-looking  spirit.  When 
she  is  aroused  and  convinced  that  any  new  step  in  advance  is*  for  the 
best  interests  of  her  home,  she  will  be  found  progressive,  cooperative 
adaptable,  and  ready  to  make  changes,  no  matter  how  great  the  per- 
sonal effort  or  sacrifice. 


16  Department  Circular  lb8,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


OUTSTANDING  PROBLEMS  REVEALED  BY  THE  SURVEY. 

The  five  outstanding  problems,  which  the  survey  would  indicate 
call  for  special  consideration,  are : 

(1)  Shortening  the  working  day  of  the  average  farm  woman. 

(2)  Lessening  the  amount  of  heavy  manual  labor  she  now  per- 
forms. 

(3)  Bringing  about  higher  standards  of  comfort  and  beauty  for 
the  farm  home. 

(4)  Safeguarding  the  health  of  the  farm  family,  and  especially 
the  health  of  the  mother  and  growing  child. 

(5)  Developing  and  introducing  money-yielding  home  industries 
where  necessary  in  order  to  make  needed  home  improvements. 

These  problems  may  most  speedily  be  solved  by : 

(1)  Introducing  improved  home  equipment,  principal  among 
which  are  running  water  and  power  machinery,  and  adopting  more 
efficient  methods  of  household  management,  including  the  rearrange- 
ment of  the  inconvenient  kitchen  and  the  installation  of  a modern 
heating  system  for  the  whole  house. 

(2)  Helping  farm  people  to  understand  and  apply  the  laws  of 
nutrition  and  hygiene  through  home  demonstrations  in  child  care 
and  feeding  and  food  selection  for  the  family,' and  through  training 
in  the  essentials  of  home  nursing  and  the  installation  of  sanitary 
improvements. 

(3)  Cultivating  the  idea  that  investment  in  the  comfort,  beauty, 
health,  and  efficiency  of  the  farm  home  and  the  rural  community 
is  a wise  and  legitimate  expenditure  and  perhaps  the  only  means  of 
stopping  the  drift  of  young  people  to  the  city. 

THE  SURVEY  AND  THE  EXTENSION  SERVICE. 

The  composite  picture  of  the  activities  and  environment  of  a large 
group  of  farm  women  naturally  raises  the  question  as  to  what  steps 
are  being  taken  to  relieve  these  women  of  some  of  their  present 
handicaps.  In  reply  it  may  be  stated  that  for  some  years  the  home- 
economics  pioneer  has  given  her  service  to  the  housewife.  Since  the 
passage  of  the  Smith-Lever  Act  the  home-demonstration  agent  has 
become  a factor  in  extension  work  with  the  home.  The  data  here 
presented  serve  a dual  purpose ; first,  they  offer  a reliable  and  much- 
needed  guide  to  extension  workers  in  their  service  to  the  home,  and, 
second,  they  demonstrate  to  the  farming  people  and  others  interested 
the  great  value  of  trained  assistance  to  farm  women  along  definite 
lines. 

In  endeavoring  to  develop  the  broad  educational  extension  move- 
ment made  possible  by  the  Smith-Lever  Act,  the  State  colleges  of 
agriculture  and  the  States  Relations  Service  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  have  had  a much  more  limited  back- 
ground of  facts  on  which  to  base  plans  for  cooperation  with  rural 


The  Farm  Woman's  Problems. 


17 


housewives  than  with  farmers.  This  is  because  comparatively  little 
attention  has  been  given  to  farm-home  problems,  although  the  farm 
woman’s  work  has  as  great  economic  importance  and  calls  for  as 
high  a degree  of  skill  and  as  wide  a range  of  information  and  judg- 
ment as  does  the  work  of  the  farmer  whose  equipment  and  methods 
o±  farming  have  been  the  subject  of  many  studies  made  by  our  agri- 
cultural institutions. 

With  the  exception  of  the  investigations  of  the  Country-Life  Com- 
mission appointed  by  President  Roosevelt  in  1908  (S.  Doc.  705)  and 
the  inquiry  as  to  farm-home  conditions  made  by  Secretary  Houston 
“,"14i  rePlles  t0  which  were  compiled  and  interpreted  (Yearbook 
1914;  also  Reports  103;  104,  105,  and  106),  and  two  intensive  studies 
of  counties  made  by  the  States  Relations  Service  (Canyon  County 
Idaho,  1916;  St.  Joseph  County,  Mich.,  1916),  comparatively  little 
has  been  done  in  this  field  which  throws  light  on  farm-home  condi- 
10ns  in  the  North  and  West;  hence  the  importance  of  the  present 
survey  which,  resting  upon  information  from  many  communities 
probably  gives  a fair  diagnosis  of  farm-home  conditions,  and  when 
interpreted  by  extension  workers  and  farming  people  should  point 

leadership8  W "C1  may  be  aPPlied  through  organized  effort  and  local 

THE  FARM  BUREAU. 

With  the  development  of  the  farm-bureau  idea,  now  nation  wide 
in  its  influence,  which  promotes  a self-determined  program  of  activi- 
ties among  the  people  for  the  economic  and  educational  advancement 
ot  rural  ife,  the  farmer  and  his  wife  are  destined  to  analyze  their 
home  problems  more  and  more  closely,  and  to  make  use  of  the  farm- 
bureau  organization  and  the  extension  service  for  the  solving  of 
those  problems,  6 

The  farm  exists  for  the  home  as  truly  as  the  home  exists  for  the 
farm,  t here  men,  women,  and  children  form  a working  unit  with 
common  interests  and  aims,  and  the  farm  bureau,  dealing  with  this 
family  unit  and  with  community  groups,  views  home  work  not  as 
isolated  and  detached  from  the  farm  but  as  one  phase  of  the  problems 
of  the  farmstead.  Men  and  boys  work  primarily  with  production 
in  the  business  of  farming  and  women  and  girls  with  utilization  and 
conservation  in  the  business  of  housekeeping,  but  all  come  together 
m a common  interest  and  for  a common  goal— home  making.  Farm- 
ing and  housekeeping  are  not  ends  in  themselves,  but  necessary  means 
to  the  realization  of  this  goal. 

Prosperity  on  the  farm  and  efficiency  in  the  house  in  their  last 
analysis  are  only  valuable  as  they  make  people  better,  wiser,  and 
happier  by  creating  and  multiplying  opportunities  for  richer  and 
more  satisfying  rural  home  and  community  life.  Hence  all  extension 


18  Department  Circular  148,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


forces — the  county  agricultural  agents,  home-demonstration  agents, 
club  agent's,  and  specialists — are  working  in  their  respective  fields  with 
this  larger  aim  and  purpose.  This  brings  about  constant  interchange 
of  effort  and  service.  For  example,  the  farm  woman’s  interests  and 
activities  go  beyond  the  threshold  of  her  house,  when  necessary,  into 
such  work  as  poultry  raising,  bee  keeping,  and  marketing  of  home 
products.  In  this  she  frequently  has  the  help  not  only  of  the  men 
folks  at  home  but  of  the  county  agricultural  agent,  the  club  agent, 
and  men  specialists  from  the  college.  She  may  also  call  upon  these 
for  advice  and  assistance  in  looking  after  the  water  supply  and  other 
phases  of  home  improvement.  Women  extension  workers  also  fre- 
quently go  out  of  their  special  field  of  home-economics  work  to  give 


Fig.  3—  Home-demonstration  agent  delivering  fireless  cooker  parts  ordered  by 

farm  women. 

One  of  the  most  useful  apd  appreciated  services  of  the  home-demonstration  agent  is 
in  connection  with  the  introduction  of  labor-saving  devices. 

advice  and  assistance,  thus  expressing,  it  is  believed,  the  true  spirit 
of  the  Smith-Lever  Act,  which,  drawn  in  broad  language,  refers 
equally  to  the  service  of  the  farm  and  home  and  includes  all  phases 
of  work  that  effects  wholesome  farm  life. 

THE  HOME-DEMONSTRATION  AGENT. 

Women  are  everywhere  welcoming  the  services  of  the  home-demon- 
stration agent  much  as  farmers  welcome  the  county  agricultural 
agent.  This  trained  home-economics  worker,  employed  with  Federal, 
State,  and  local  funds  and  devoting  all  her  time  to  the  advancement 
of  home  efficiency,  is  studying  with  home  makers  the  needs  of  indi- 
vidual homes  and  communities  and  is  thus  able,  by  linking  her  tech- 
nical skill  with  the  practical  knowledge  and  experiencee  of  the  house- 


The  Farm  Woman's  Problems. 


19 


wives,  to  cooperate  in  the  accomplishment  of  large  results  by  provid- 
ing a channel  through  which  the  State  agricultural  college  and  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  can  deal  directly  with 
rural  home  makers. 

Increased  moral  and  financial  support  of  local  communities  during 
the  fiscal  year  1919—1920  for  the  nearly  300  agents  now  employed 
has  shown  the  belief  of  the  people  of  the  North  and  West  in  home- 
demonstration  work  and  placed  it  on  a promising  basis,  which  looks 
toward  its  establishment  eventually  in  every  agricultural  county. 

HOME-ECONOMICS  SPECIALISTS. 

Closely  associated  with  the  home- demonstration  agents  are  the 
specialists  in  various  branches  of  home  economics,  with  headquarters 
at  the  agricultural  colleges.  These  are  women  intensively  trained  in 
their  special  subjects,  who  strengthen  the  work  of  the  agents  on  the 
side  of  subject  matter  and  methods.  The  forerunner  of  the  specialist 
of  to-day  was  the  general  home-economics  worker  who  in  many 
States  preceded  the  home-demonstration  agent,  with  the  college  as 
her  headquarters  and  the  whole  State  as  her  field  of  work. 

A few  examples  of  activities  will  show  something  of  what  is  being 
accomplished  through  the  partnership  of  the  housewife,  the  home^ 
demonstration  agent,  and  the  home-economics  specialist  in  solving 
some  of  the  live  problems  brought  out  in  this  survey. 

ACTIVITIES. 

Clothing. — Replies  to  the  survey  indicate  that  over  75  per  cent  of 
rural  home  makers  do  a large  part  of  their  own  sewing;  therefore 
anything  that  shortens  the  time  the  farm  woman  spends  on  the  family 
sewing  or  helps  to  make  or  select  garments  that  give  better  satisfac- 
tion for  a given  expenditure  of  time  and  money,  and  especially  any- 
thing that  helps  her  reduce  clothing  expenditures  in  this  era  of  in- 
flated prices,  meets  a real  need. 

The  annual  report  of  home-demonstration  work  for  1919  shows 
that  clothing  specialists  and  home-demonstration  agents  aided 
through  direct  teaching  and  training  of  volunteer  leaders  in  the  mak- 
ing or  remodeling  of  30,000  garments  at  an  estimated  saving  of 
$218,000.  s 

Home  management.— The  annual  report  of  the  home-demonstra- 
tion agents  for  1919  indicates  that  a decided  advance  was  made  last 
year  m the  business  side  of  housekeeping.  One  hundred  and  sixty- 
six  counties  where  home-demonstration  agents  were  employed  car- 
rmd  on  some  sort  of  county- wide  campaign  for  increased  home 
efficiency. 

One  thousand  and  seventy-seven  farm  families  were  assisted  in 
rearranging  the  farm  house  or  kitchen  as  an  important  first  step  in 
efficient  housekeeping,  the  largest  number  reporting  from  Iowa. 

School  lunch. — The  hot  school  lunch  project  in  which  extension 
workers  have  had  a prominent  part,  has  been  most  successful  The 


20  Department  Circular  lk8 , U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

survey  indicates  that  the  average  country  school  is  about  1J  miles 
from  the  home,  which  makes  it  impossible  for  the  country  child  to 
share  in  the  hot  midday  dinner  prepared  for  the  family.  An  exami- 
nation of  the  school  dinner  pail  or  lunch  box  too  frequently  reveals 
that  unappetizing  or  indigestible  food  is  the  underlying  cause  for 
lack  of  appetitie  and  restlessness  on  the  part  of  school  children. 
Well-selected  food,  attractively  packed,  and  supplemented  by  one 
simple  hot'  dish  prepared  by  the  pupils  at  school  has  resulted  in  im- 
proved health  and  better  school  records.  The  school  lunch  has  also 
proved  to  be  the  opening  wedge  for  the  study  of  food  selection  in  the 


Fig.  4. — Clothing  project  leader  training  local  women  who  will  instruct  others 

In  this  way  farm  women  in  the  Northern  and  Western  States  were  last  year  assisted 
in  making  or  remodeling  30,000  garments  at  an  estimated  saving  of  $218,000. 

home,  not  only  for  the  child  but  for  the  whole  family,  and  has 
increased  the  use  of  milk,  cereals,  and  vegetables  in  the  diet. 

Milk  and  milk  products. — Home- demonstration  agents  are  cooper- 
ating in  milk  campaigns  for  increased  use  of  milk  and  milk  products 
in  the  home  and  for  the  home  manufacture  of  such  milk  products  as 
can  be  most  economically  handled  there.  Reports  of  these  agents  for 
15  States  for  the  year  1919  show  that  367,000  pounds  of  cheese  were 
made  by  the  housewives  to  whom  home-demonstration  agents  and 
dairy  specialists  had  given  assistance  in  the  best  methods  of  making 
cottage,  American,  and  Cheddar  cheese  both  for  home  consumption 
and  to  sell. 

It  is  claimed  by  those  who  have  made  investigations  that  25  per 
cent  of  country  children  do  not  drink  milk.  A definite  drive  is  now 


21 


The  Farm  Woman’s  Problems . 


being  carried  on  to  persuade  country  children  to  drink  more  milk, 
and  feeding  demonstrations  are  being  conducted  by  home-demonstra- 
tion agents  in  cooperation  with  parents  and  teachers  to  this  end. 

One  State  reports  the  increase  in  the  home  consumption  of  milk 
to  be  438,000  quarts  daily;  another  State,  where  home-demonstration 
work  was  carried  on  in  only  six  counties,  reports  an  increase  of  279  000 
quarts  per  day  as  a result  of  this  work.  In  Indiana  one  home- 
demonstration  agent,  in  cooperation  with  the  school  nurses  and  doc- 
tors, proved  the  value  of  the  increase  of  milk  in  the  diet  by  putting 
on  a child-feeding  demonstration  with  a group  of  undernourished 
children.  At  the  end  of  seven  weeks  an  average  gain  of  3^  pounds 


Fig.  5.— One  of  the  important  problems  of  farm  women  is  the  school  lunch. 

had  been  made,  and  the  school  board  voted  funds  to  carry  on  the 
enterprise.  J 


Home  health  and  hygiene.— One  of  the  outstanding  extension  proj- 
ects during  the  past  year  has  been  that  of  health.  This  has  included 
demonstration  m first  aid,  the  elements  of  home  nursing,  prepara- 
tmn  of  food  for  sick  and  convalescents,  and  preventive  hygiene.  It 
is  gratifying  to  know  that  202  counties  have  adopted  a home-health 
project  and  that  28,000  families  have  cooperated  with  home-demon- 
stration agents  in  an  endeavor  to  improve  their  own,  and  their 
neighbors  health.  Ohio,  Illinois,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Kansas, 

Specialists'  ^ Idah°  have  emPloyed  graduate  nurses  as  home-health 

Productive  activities  outside  the  house.— The  service  of  the  home- 
demonstration  agent  is  not  confined  to  the  house,  but  may  follow  the 
woman  into  the  garden,  the  poultry  yard,  and  the  dairy  to  assist 
her  in  outside  tasks.  Often  when  the  woman  lacks  even  small  re- 


22  Department  Circular  148,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


sources  to  bring  needed  comfort  and  beauty  to  the  home,  such  indus- 
tries as  poultry  raising  and  gardening  provide  the  needed  increase 
in  income  from  which  all  the  family  may  derive  benefit.  Judgment 
as  to  relative  values  must,  however,  guide  the  home  maker  in  deter- 
mining the  amount  of  outdoor  work  it  is  profitable  for  her  to  under- 
take either  as  a money-making  scheme  or  as  a means  of  producing 
food  for  the  family  table.  It  is  poor  business  from  every  stand- 
point if  work  out  of  doors  means  overstrained  nerves  and  muscles 
resulting  from  an  attempt  to  take  on  these  duties  without  releasing 
any  household  tasks,  or  if  it  means  neglect  of  housework  or  sacri- 
ficing attention  to  children,  with  a consequent  lowering  rather  than 
raising  of  the  standard  of  living. 


Fig.  6. — County  project  leader,  dairy  specialist,  and  three  agents  discussing  details  of 

the  county  dairy  project. 

Concerted  efforts  are  being  made  by  extension  workers  to  improve  the  quality  and 
increase  the  home  consumption  of  milk,  particularly  by  children,  and  to  encourage 
wherever  practicable  the  home  making  and  use  of  other  dairy  products. 

Work  with  poultry. — Poultry  work  has  been  promoted  in  several 
States  through  demonstration  along  lines  of  poultry  selection,  breed- 
ing, raising,  feeding,  housing,  culling,  canning,  preservation  of  eggs, 
and  cooperative  selling  of  poultry  products.  Since  culling  demon- 
stration proved  to  farm  women  that  40  per  cent  of  the  average  flock 
is  nonproductive,  poultry  culling  has  been  adopted  as  a general 
practice. 

Community  enterprises. — The  socializing  influence  of  the  many 
war-emergency  organizations  is  now  being  capitalized  by  home- 
demonstration  agents  who  are  assisting  communities  to  tie  up  these 
temporary  enterprises  with  permanent  activities  in  connection  with 
efficient  home  making. 


The  Farm  Woman's  Problems. 


23 


There  are  two  effective  means  of  reducing  home  drudgery.  One  is 
the  introduction  of  modern  labor-saving  equipment  in  the  home. 
The  other  is  the  removal  from  the  home  of  such  activities  as  can  be 
carried  on  as  cheaply  and  as  successfully  through  community  co- 
operation as  by  traditional  home  methods.  Since  survey  replies  indi- 
cate that  96  per  cent  of  rural  women  do  their  washing  and  ironing, 
it  would  seem  that  such  an  activity  might  well  be  removed  from  the 
home  and  handled  through  community  cooperation,  releasing  each 
week  many  hours  of  the  woman’s  time  and  saving  her  from  one  of  her 
heaviest  household  tasks.  Experience  in  a number  of  communities 
indicates  that  a cooperative  laundry,  especially  when  run  in  connec- 


cncie  Deing  instructed  by  the  home-demonstration  agent  in  gradin 
and  packing  eggs. 


Eighty-one  per  cent  of  the  poultry  flocks  in  the  territory  covered  by  this  survey 

SrSTV?"  bj  WTen’  $OUItry  and  production  being  among  the  most  importin' 
sources  of  income  of  the  farm  home.  ^ 


tion  with  a creamery,  is  not  only  a convenience  but  a paying 
investment.  J & 

Recreation.— Community  working  and  trading  centers  mean  much 
to  rural  women  not  only  from  the  standpoint  of  economy,  time,  money, 
and  effort,  but  as  means  of  persuading  the  stay-at-home  to  walk 
through  her  gate  and  down  the  road  to  join  her  neighbors  in  some 
task  which  is  made  lighter  through  cooperation,  and  from  which  she 
returns  refreshed  and  encouraged  with  new  ideas  and  plans  not  only 
for  her  own  housekeeping  but  for  the  larger  housekeeping  of  her 
neighborhood.  No  amount  of  socialized  work,  however,  can  take  the 
place  of  real  recreation,  for  it  looks  too  earnestly  toward  a finished 
result.  Care-free  recreation  for  the  delight  of  the  moment  eases  nerv- 
ous tension,  promotes  good  fellowship,  and  is  as  necessary  for  the 


24  Department  Circular  lb8,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

mental  and  physical  poise  of  men  and  women  as  it  is  for  boys  and 
girls.  Where  no  other  agency  is  meeting  this  need,  home-demonstra- 
tion agents  frequently  cooperate  with  farm  families  in  home  and  com- 
munity recreation,  which  includes  games,  chorus  singing,  dramatiza- 
tion, and  pageants. 

The  conviction  is  growing  in  the  minds  of  extension  workers  every- 
where that  while  it  is  their  first  business  to  promote  efficiency,  this 
should  be  looked  upon  as  a means  of  stimulating  a richer  and  more 
satisfying  rural  life  by  freeing  the  home  maker’s  time  and  energy  so 
that  she  may  give  attention  to  the  attractiveness  and  comfort  of  her 
home,  the  training  and  companionship  of  her  children,  the  enjoyment 
of  books  and  neighbors,  and  the  building  up  of  recreational,  social, 
and  educational  life  in  her  community.  This  will  increase  the  per- 


Fig.  8. — A community  rest  room,  Anderson  County,  Kans.  Only  small  expense  is 
necessary  to  transform  even  a basement  room  into  an  attractive  place  where  on 
market  or  shopping  days  farmers’  families  may  rest  and  read. 

centage  of  active  thinking  women  of  service  to  society  and  reduce  the 
percentage  of  passive  slaves  of  routine  whose  daily  tasks  have  degen- 
erated into  a continuous  round  of  drudgery. 

FUTURE  STUDIES. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  survey  just  completed  by  farm  women  them- 
selves in  cooperation  with  home-demonstration  agents  is  but  the  first 
of  a series  of  intensive  studies  which  will  from  time  to  time  be  made 
not  only  to  show  the  needs  but  to  mark  the  advancement  that  is  sure 
to  come  as  the  Government,  colleges,  and  farming  people  work  to- 
gether on  a common  program  for  better  agriculture  and  a richer  rural 
* life. 


o 


COOPERATIVE  CANE-SIRUP  CANNING: 
PRODUCING  SIRUP  OF  UNIFORM 
QUALITY 

By 

J.  K.  DALE 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  149 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry 
CARL  L.  ALSBERG,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


November,  1920 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTINQ  OFFICE  : |SJ0 


COOPERATIVE  CANE-SIRUP  CANNING:  PRODUCING 
SIRUP  OP  UNIFORM  QUALITY. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Among  the  crops  that  can  be  grown  profitably  in  the  southern- 
most section  of  the  United  States  sugar  cane  is  one  of  the  best  known. 
It  has  long  been  a favorite.  In  only  one  State  is  it  cultivated  exten- 
sively for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  sugar,  but  in  all  that  sec- 
tion  of  this  country  where  the  climate  is  suitable  it  has  been  culti- 
vated for  years  for  one  purpose-to  produce  a sirup,  which,  when 
properly  made,  is  both  wholesome  and  delicious. 

Two  distinctly  different  types  of  sugar-cane  sirup  are  made  in  this 
country.  Nearly  all  of  one,  from  the  district  where  sugar  is  also 
manufactured,  is  made  by  comparatively  large,  well-equipped  fac- 
tories. For  purposes  of  clarification  lime  and  the  fumes  of  burning 
sulphur  (sulphur  dioxid)  are  added  to  the  juice  during  the  process 
of  manufacture.  The  resulting  sirup  has  a somewhat  different  taste 
and  the  color  is  much  lighter  (having  a rather  greenish  tinge)  than 
the  other  type  of  sirup.  As  this  first  type  of  sirup  is  manufactured 

d ,T  1S.S°ld,’  aS  a rul6’  t0  a few  larSe  Pikers,  a discus- 

smn  of  the  problems  involved  in  its  manufacture  and  sale  do  not  come 
within  the  scope  of  this  circular. 

The  second  type  of  sirup  is  that  made  by  the  farmers  in  all  the 
sections  of  the  cane-growing  regions  outside  the  sugar-producing 
area.  It  is  produced  mostly  by  the  individual  farmer  with  a simpte 
inexpensive  equipment,  though  there  are  a few  small  factories  in  the 
regions  where  the  industry  is  developed  more  fully.  Generally  in  the 
manufacture  of  cane  sirup  of  this  type  no  chemicals  are  used 
clarification.  The  impurities  and  scums  that  rise  to  the  surface  as 
the  puce  is  heated  are  skimmed  off  with  care,  this  process  constituting 
all  the  cleaning  and  clarification  that  is  attempted.  This  sirup  is  of 
a reddish  color  and  darker  than  that  which  has  been  treated  with 
sulphur  fumes.  The  taste  also  differs  somewhat  from  that  of  the 
other  type,  being,  when  the  sirup  is  well  made,  milder  and  smoother. 


INCREASE  IN  PRODUCTION. 

Although  the  first  type  of  sirup,  which  may  be  called  the  “ Louisiana 
ype,  is  made  almost  wholly  in  large  factories,  the  quantity  of  it  pro- 
duced during  the  past  few  years  has  not  been  as  great  as  that  of  the 


3 


4 Department  Circular  lk9,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


other  type,  made  as  it  is  by  hundreds  of  farmers  and  planters  scat- 
tered throughout  the  whole  of  the  region  where  sugar  cane  can  be 
grown.  Although  each  farmer  may  produce  a comparatively  small 
amount  of  sirup,  the  total  number  of  gallons  made  by  those  who 
include  sirup  among  the  products  of  their  farms  reaches  pretentious 
figures.  The  census  of  1910  gives  the  following  statistics  for  sirup 
production,  showing  approximately  the  amounts  of  these  two  types 
of  sirup  manufactured  in  1909 : 

Gallons. 


Factory-made  sirup  (Louisiana  type) 
Farm-made  sirup 


1 5,  574,  943 
17,  508,  496 


Total. 


23,  083,  439 


The  production  of  both  of  these  types  of  sirup  has  materially  in- 
creased since  1909.  The  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  has  estimated  the 
total  cane-sirup  production  of  the  United  States  for  the  year  1918-19 
as  36,730,000  gallons,  of  which  12,367,000  gallons  were  produced  in 
Louisiana.  Using  the  figures  given,  it  may  be  seen  that  the  pro- 
^ duction  of  sirup  in  Louisiana  has  increased  about  43  per  cent,  while 
that  of  farm-made  sirup  outside  of  Louisiana  has  increased  but 
28  per  cent.  There  are  two  reasons  why  the  percentage  increase 
in  the  amount  of  farm-made  sirup  is  smaller  than  that  of  the  Louisi- 
ana type  of  sirup.  Since  in  the  southern  parishes  of  Louisiana 
cane  is  the  principal  crop  and  sugar  the  chief  product,  to  increase 
sirup  production  it  is  necessary  only  to  manufacture  sirup  from  cane 
that  otherwise  would  be  given  over  to  sugar  production.  In  the  other 
sections  of  the  South,  where  sirup  is  the  only  product  manufactured 
from  the  sugar  cane,  an  increased  sirup  production  means  necessarily 
an  increased  acreage  planted  in  cane.  In  the  second  place,  peculiar 
conditions  and  difficulties  involved  in  the  handling  and  marketing  of 
eane  sirup  exist  in  many  regions,  decreasing  the  amount  of  sirup  that 
is  produced. 

CLASSES  OF  SIRUP  PRODUCERS. 


The  farmers  who  make  sirup  may  be  divided  into  three  classes : 
First,  those  who  raise  as  much  cane  as  is  practicable  in  their  general 
scheme  of  crop  rotation  and  find  a ready  cash  market  for  any  amount 
of  sirup  that  they  make  ; second,  those  who,  on  account  of  climate,  soil 
conditions,  or  other  reasons,  can  raise  a very  small  amount  of  cane 
each  season,  the  small  quantity  of  sirup  made  being  consumed  by 
their  families  and  their  neighbors ; third,  those  who  could  increase  the 

1 This  figure  includes  the  sirup  made  in  Louisiana  as  given  in  both  the  manufacturers’ 
census  and  the  agricultural  census  and  also  the  amount  of  sirup  made  in  Texas  as 
shown  by  the  manufacturers’  census.  It  does  not  include  the  returns  from  22  mills 
in  Louisiana  that  failed  to  send  in  a report.  The  author  estimates  that  these  22  mills 
made  not  less  than  1,500,000  gallons,  thus  giving  a total  of  over  7,000,000  gallons  as 
the  production  of  the  Louisiana  type  of  sirup. 


5 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning. 


cane  acreage  of  their  farms  but  who  find  that  they  are  unable  to 
market  more  than  a limited  amount  of  sirup,  any  surplus  being  left 
on  their  hands  or  disposed  of  with  difficulty. 

The  class  into  which  a producer  falls  is  usually  dependent  upon 
his  environment.  In  one  district  all  the  sirup  produced,  though  it 
amounts  in  the  aggregate  to  a large  quantity,  can  be  sold  readily. 
In  the  second  district  the  local  demand  takes  care  of  all  that  the 
farmers  care  to  produce  in  rotation  with  their  other  crops.  Finally, 
there  are  numerous  districts  in  the  cane-growing  area  where  the 
farmers  could  and  would  gladly  increase  their  cane  acreage  if  they 
could  find  a ready  market  for  an  increased  output  of  sirup,  a market 
which  would  expand  as  their  production  increased.  These  districts 
have  reached  a stage  where  their  production  has  grown  beyond  the 
local  demand,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  has  not  become  large  enough  to 
attract  the  attention  of  the  larger  buyers  of  sirup,  the  packers,  and 
blenders.  It  is  for  the  farmers  and  merchants  of  the  last  class,  living 
in  districts  where  a more  elastic  market  for  sirup  would  be  wel- 
comed, that  this  circular  is  primarily  written. 


MARKETING  THE  SIRUP. 


Sugar-cane  sirup  is  sold  by  the  farmer  either  in  barrels  or  in  No. 
10  cans.2  Most  of  the  sirup  that  is  marketed  in  barrels  goes  to 
packers,  who  can  it  under  sterile  conditions  and  sell  it  either  pure 
or  blended  under  their  special  brands  or  labels.  This  method  of 
marketing  sirup  is  the  customary  one  in  the  regions  where  the  farm- 
ers consider  sugar  cane  one  of  their  principal  crops,  raising  all  of 
it  that  the  conditions  of  their  farms  permit.  The  sirup  is  barreled 
as  it  comes  from  the  evaporator,  then  hauled  to  the  nearest  town, 
where  it  is  disposed  of  immediately  to  representatives  or  agents  of 
the  packing  establishments.  No  criticism  is  to  be  made  of  this 
method  of  marketing  sirup.  The  competition  between  the  different 
buyers  is  lively  enough  to  assure,  as  a rule,  a fair  price  to  the  pro- 
ducer. 


In  the  districts  where  the  local  demand  equals  the  output,  the 
farmers  market  their  sirup  in  cans,  which  are  filled  directly  from 
the  evaporator  as  the  sirup  is  made.  The  farmers  in  the  districts 
where  the  amount  of  sirup  manufactured  has  outgrown  the  local 
consumption  continue  to  use  this  same  method  to  market  their  sirup. 
When  they  make  more  sirup  than  they  can  dispose  of  to  neighbors 
and  to  the  merchants  of  the  near-by  towns,  the  surplus  is  left  on 
their  hands.  They  can  not  sell  this  sirup,  already  packed  in  cans, 
to  the  large  dealers,  for  these  buyers  wish  to  buy  their  sirup  in  bulk’ 


2 These  cans  are  usually  spoken  of  and  sold  as  holding  1 
contents  are  considerably  less. 


gallon.  However, 


their  actual 


6 Department  Circular  ik9,  U . S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

so  that  they  can  pack  it  in  their  own  type  of  can  and  sell  it  under 
their  own  labels  and  trade-marks. 

Practically  all  individuals,  firms,  or  corporations  manufacturing 
or  selling  material  for  direct  consumption  or  utilization  by  the  gen- 
eral public  find  it  necessary  to  employ  salesmen  to  travel  throughout 
the  territory  they  supply  to  sell  their  product.  This  is  no  less  true 
in  the  sirup  trade  than  in  any  other.  For  instance,  when  a farmer 
produces  more  sirup  than  his  usual  clientele  will  buy,  it  is  necessary 
for  him  to  find  new  fields  where  the  supply  of  sirup  has  not  exceeded 
the  demand.  Obviously,  this  is,  as  a rule,  difficult  for  him  to  do.  His 
farm  demands  his  attention  and  if  he  starts  out  to  find  a market  for 
his  sirup  his  other  activities  are  likely  to  suffer.  Some  farmers  have 
built  up  gradually  a rather  extensive  market  for  their  product,  ship- 
ping it  in  small  lots  to  various  places,  some  of  which  are  quite  a 
distance  from  home.  These  men  are,  to  a certain  extent,  independent 
of  local  trade  conditions,  but  even  their  production  of  sirup  is  limited 
by  the  ability  of  their  usual  customers  to  consume  it.  Occasionally 
a farmer  who  is  situated  more  fortunately  than  his  neighbors,  and 
who  is  able  to  leave  his  farm  without  detriment,  can  go  out  and  seek 
a market  for  his  sirup.  Such  men  have  little  difficulty  in  disposing 
of  all  the  sirup  they  can  make,  for  there  is  no  doubt  that  there  is 
an  active  demand  for  a good  grade  of  cane  sirup ; the  great  difficulty 
is  getting  the  farmer  in  touch  with  this  market.  Shipping  a few  cans 
of  sirup  here  and  there  by  express  is  both  expensive  and  unsatis- 
factory. 

The  question  is  often  asked,  “ Why  is  it  not  feasible  and  satisfac- 
tory for  the  farmers  of  a locality  to  pool  their  surplus  sirup  until 
one  or  more  carloads  are  obtained,  then  ship  it  to  a near-by  city  or 
other  place  where  there  is  a good  demand  for  high-grade  sirup  ? ” 
The  answer  to  this  question  can  be  summed  up  in  one  phrase,  “ the 
nonuniformity  of  the  ordinary  farm-made  cane  sirup.”  Sirup 
shipped  to  distributing  centers  in  large  quantities  must  be  handled 
by  commission  houses  or  wholesale  grocers,  thereby  coming  into 
competition  with  standard,  uniform,  advertised  sirups.  A non- 
uniform,  uncertain  product  always  suffers  in  competition  with  a 
product  which  can  be  bought  with  the  knowledge  that  the  contents 
of  each  package  will  be  the  same. 

A housewife  may  purchase  a can  of  sirup,  and  her  family  may  be 
so  well  pleased  with  it  that  when  it  is  consumed  she  may  wish  to 
obtain  another  can  of  the  same  brand.  If  her  first  purchase  was  a 
can  of  farm-made  cane  sirup,  the  probability  is  that  the  second  can 
will  differ  markedly  from  the  first  can.  Her  disappointment  in  not 
obtaining  the  product  she  had  enjoyed  and  wished  to  obtain  again 
may  end  her  interest  in  this  class  of  sirup,  and  she  will  turn  to 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning.  7 

brands  of  sirup  put  out  by  the  packers  which  she  knows  will  be 
uniform. 

Evidently  before  a farmer  can  sell  an  unlimited  surplus  of  sirup 
otherwise  than  in  Darrels  to  the  packers,  and  this  has  been  shown 
to  be  unfeasible  in  some  districts,  some  method  must  be  devised  by 
which  his  sirup  can  be  standardized;  the  contents  of  all  cans  must 
be  guaranteed  to  be  of  uniform  quality.  A method  for  accomplish- 
ing this  (p.  12)  is  the  establishment  by  the  farmers  themselves  of 
cooperative  sirup-mixing  and  canning  plants  capable  of  handling 
the  surplus  sirup  of  their  community. 

SECURING  A UNIFORM  PRODUCT. 

Besides  the  growing  of  the  cane,  the  production  of  sirup  involves 
the  evaporation  of  the  cane  juice,  not  a difficult  process,  but  one 
which  requires  skill,  care,  and  constant  attention.  Many  factors 
influence  the  final  quality  or  grade  of  cane  sirup,  causing  many 
variations,  though  made  by  the  same  man,  with  the  same  equipment, 
and  from  the  same  field  of  cane,  during  the  same  season.  New  sirup 
varies  in  flavor  or  taste,  color,  density,  and  cleanness.  To  the  same 
qualities  in  older  sirup  may  be  added  the  factors  of  whether  or  not 
it  has  fermented  and  whether  or  not  it  has  crystallized. 

The  quality  of  sirup  does  not  depend  so  much  upon  the  equipment 
which  the  farmer  has  at  his  disposal  as  it  does  upon  the  man  who 
manufactures  the  sirup.  The  writer  has  seen  excellent  sirup  made 
with  the  crudest  kind  of  evaporators,  while,  again,  he  has  seen  sirup 
of  very  poor  quality  made  with  up-to-date,  expensive  equipment. 
As  long  as  the  kind  of  sirup  made  depends  upon  the  ability,  taste, 
and  experience  of  the  man  who  makes  it,  the  quality  will  vary  from 
farm  to  farm,  and  there  will  be  as  many  different  grades  of  sirup  as 
there  are  producers.  Some  sirup  makers  think  sirup  should  be 
cooked  thick;  others  prefer  to  make  it  thinner.  Some  are  careful 
and  skim  the  juice  well,  obtaining  a clear,  clean  sirup,  while  others, 
more  careless,  produce  a sirup  full  of  dirt  and  dregs.  The  standards 
set  by  a sirup  producer  for  himself  are  not  always  attained,  for  it  is 
difficult  to  skim  the  juice  properly,  and  it  is  even  more  difficult  to 
cook  it  to  just  the  density  desired,  unless  the  evaporation  is  done  by 
steam.  The  danger  of  scorching  the  sirup  or  otherwise  injuring  its 
flavor  must  be  guarded  against  particularly. 

The  natural  characteristics  of  cane  sirup  render  it  difficult  to  pro- 
duce a uniform  product  on  the  farm  under  present  conditions. 
Sirup  that  is  cooked  too  thick  will  sugar,  and  often  a can  will  be 
found  half  full  of  sugar  or  filled  with  a mushy  mixture  of  sugar  and 
sirup.  For  the  local  market  this  does  not  constitute  an  objection, 
since  it  is  known  that  this  sugar  can  be  melted  up  with  or  without 


8 Department  Circular  lk9,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

the  addition  of  a little  water  to  make  an  exceptionally  delicious  sirup. 
However,  this  does  decrease  the  sales  of  cane  sirup  in  the  cities 
and  in  the  regions  where  cane  is  not  grown  and  cane  sirup  is  not  a 
well-known  product.  The  people  in  general  throughout  this  country 
do  not  want  a mixture  of  sirup  and  sugar ; if  they  want  sirup  they 
want  sirup  alone,  and  if  they  want  sugar  they  want  white  granu- 
lated sugar,  never  a mixture  of  the  two. 

The  other  objectionable  characteristic,  especialty  of  thin  sirup,  is 
its  tendency  to  ferment  as  soon  as  the  weather  turns  warm,  unless 
it  is  sterilized  and  sealed  air-tight.  As  it  is  difficult  for  a farmer 
to  can  his  sirup  under  sterile  conditions,  it  often  ferments  if  kept 
until  summer  and  the  cans  swell  and  even  burst.  This  naturally 
constitutes  a serious  objection  to  a widespread,  unlimited  marketing 
of  this  type  of  cane  sirup,  for  no  grocer  wants  to  have  on  his  shelves 
cans  of  a product  in  this  condition.  All  of  these  factors  interfere 
seriously  with  the  successful  marketing  of  an  increased  and  un- 
limited supply  of  sirup  made  and  canned  by  the  methods  at  present 
prevailing  on  the  farms. 

In  making  a study  of  cane-sirup  manufacture,  canning,  marketing, 
etc.,  at  one  time  nearly  3,000  cans  (a  carload)  of  sirup  gathered 
from  various  localities  in  a few  neighboring  counties  were  opened. 
The  lack  of  uniformity  in  this  shipment  was  apparent.  More  than 
one-third  of  the  cans  had  sugared  partially,  a few  had  sugared  solid, 
many  were  half  full  of  sugar,  while  some  were  too  thin  to  be  classed 
as  sirup.  Fifty-odd  cans  contained  sirup  that  had  been  made  from 
frozen  cane,  having  an  extremely  disagreeable  taste ; in  1 can  out  of 
every  10  a bee  or  a wasp  was  found,  while  many  of  the  cans  con- 
tained smaller  insects.  It  is  highly  probable  that  if  this  carload 
of  sirup  had  been  marketed  the  buyer  would  not  have  purchased 
another  the  next  season;  farm-canned  sirup  would  have  lost  an- 
other friend  and  received  one  more  “ black  eye.”  In  fact,  it  has 
been  the  experience  of  a number  of  men  who  have  collected  as  much 
as  a carload  of  sirup  from  various  farmers  and  shipped  it  to  a 
distributing  point  that  it  was  difficult  or  impossible  to  sell  another 
carload  to  the  same  customer  the  next  year.  Both  past  experience 
and  the  increasing  desire  among  the  general  public  for  clean, 
reliable  food  products  make  it  evident  that  cane  sirup  must  be  wTell 
made,  standardized,  and  packed  under  sterile,  cleanly  conditions 
before  it  can  be  marketed  successfully  on  a large  scale. 

When  sirup  is  marketed  in  bulk,  the  principal  qualities  by  which 
it  is  graded  and  sold  are  taste,  color,  and  density.  When  marketed  in 
cans,  in  addition  to  these  qualities,  the  manner  in  which  it  has  been 
packed  as  judged  by  its  keeping  qualities,  together  with  the  neatness 
of  the  package,  must  be  taken  into  consideration.  All  these  factors, 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning.  9 

in  making  a uniform,  marketable  sirup,  except  color  and  flavor,  can 
be  regulated  accurately  in  a small  mixing  and  canning  plant,  and 
even  sufficient  uniformity  of  color  and  flavor  can  be  obtained.  Con- 
cerning the  standardization  of  color  and  flavor  of  farm-made  cane 
sirup,  a situation  exists  that  goes  a long  way  toward  the  solution 
of  this  problem — that  is,  the  pride  which  practically  every  sirup 
producer  takes  in  making  a good  product. 

The  fact  that  every  community  thinks  the  sirup  it  produces  a 
little  superior  to  that  produced  anywhere  else  is  as  noticeable  as  the 
fact  that  each  farmer  likes  to  have  a reputation  for  turning  out  a 
high-grade  sirup.  Tne  farmers  in  the  sirup-producing  regions  seem 
to  take  more  interest  and  pride  in  the  quality  of  sirup  they  make 
than  in  any  other  product  of  their  farms.  This  commendable  spirit 
has  resulted  in  the  production,  with  the  crudest  equipment,  of  very 
little  sirup  which  is  not  high  grade  in  flavor  and  color.  Unfor- 
tunately, however,  even  the  greatest  care  in  making  sirup  will  not 
prevent  its  crystallizing  if  too  thick  or  fermenting  if  it  is  too  thin 
or  canned  carelessly.  In  the  present  stage  of  sirup  making  the 
principal  step  necessary  to  secure  a uniform  brand  of  sirup  in  one 
locality  would  be  the  establishment  of  a sirup-mixing  and  canning 
plant  the  chief  function  of  which  would  be  to  bring  the  sirup  to  a 
standard  density  and  to  can  it  under  absolutely  sterile  and  cleanly 
conditions. 

It  is  the  author’s  opinion  that  density  in  a canned  sirup,  together 
with  the  absence  or  presence  of  sugaring  or  fermentation,  are,  within 
certain  limits,  the  principal  factors  that  are  noticed  by  the  consumer 
in  connection  with  the  uniformity  of  a sirup.  As  a rule  the  con- 
sumer does  not  notice  slight  differences  in  the  color  and  flavor  of  the 
sirup  he  buys,  but  changes  involving  density,  sugaring,  and  fermen- 
tation are  noticed  readily.  Excluding  scorched  and  low-grade 
products,  the  sirup  of  a community  will  generally  be  sufficiently 
acceptable  as  far  as  color  and  taste  are  concerned  to  make  uniform- 
ity in  these  respects  possible.  The  operation  of  a plant  for  turn- 
ing out  a uniform  grade  of  sirup  would  be  essentially  one  of  reheat- 
ing the  farm-made  sirup  and  canning  it  properly.  The  establish- 
ment of  such  a plant  would  mean  that  the  farmers  making  use  of  it 
would  no  longer  can  their  sirup  themselves  but  would  bring  it  to  the 
canning  plant  in  barrels  where  it  would  be  canned  under  the  proper 
conditions  and  standardized  during  the  process. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  SIRUP-CANNING  ASSOCIATIONS. 

It  is  desirable  that  sirup-mixing  plants  located  in  areas  of  pro- 
duction should  be  owned  and  operated  cooperatively.  Such  owner- 
ship and  operation  would  have  a tendency  to  increase  the  returns 
14430°— 20 2 


10  Department  Circular  lk9,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


to  the  producers  and  at  the.  same  time  stimulate  production.  The 
absence  of  a dependable  market  for  farm-made  sirup  at  present  and 
the  possibility  of  better  returns  per  acre  from  sugar  cane  if  a satis- 
factory market  can  be  obtained  are  inducements  which  should  incline 
farmers  to  cooperate.  If  there  is  a desire  to  organize  cooperative 
mixing  plants  such  organizations  should  be  incorporated,  as  it  gives 
the  organization  a distinct  legal  status. 

More  than  two-thirds  of  the  States  have  special  laws  for  the  incor- 
poration of  cooperative  associations.3  Some  of  these  laws  provide 
for  organizations  formed  with  capital  stock,  while  others  provide 
for  the  nonstock  form,  both  of  which  forms  specify  that  each  member 
shall  have  but  one  vote,  regardless  of  his  financial  interest  in  the 
organization,  and  that  dividends  shall  be  paid  on  the  basis  of  patron- 
age after  a certain  percentage  of  the  savings  have  been  set  aside  to 
create  a reserve  fund  and  an  educational  fund,  and  in  case  of  a 
capital  stock  organization  to  pay  a reasonable  rate  of  interest  upon 
capital  invested. 

By-laws4  should  be  adopted  in  which  definite  working  plans  are 
outlined.  The  initial  amount  of  money  required  to  finance  a coop- 
erative organization  would  not  be  large.  It  is  estimated  that  an 
investment  of  approximately  $3,000  to  $4,000  in  a sirup-mixing  plant 
and  $1,000  or  $2,000  for  operating  capital  would  answer  immediate 
requirements.  By  judicious  use  of  this  amount  and  the  employment 
of  bank  credit  a stock  of  cans  could  be  purchased  and  expenses  of 
operation  met  until  the  turnover  of  trade  begins. 

While  the  farmers  have  been  accustomed  to  selling  their  sirup  for 
cash,  in  order  to  protect  the  individual  member  from  possible  loss 
because  of  unfavorable  market  conditions,  it  is  desirable  that  a sys- 
tem of  pooling  returns  for  the  products  sold  should  be  established. 
By  pooling  is  meant  averaging  the  returns  for  products  sold  during 
a given  period,  or  for  certain  shipments,  so  that  if  growers  have 
products  of  the  same  quality  and  grade  they  will  receive  the  same 
price.  In  order  to  make  pooling  systems  successful,  strict  observance 
should  be  given  to  uniform  and  effective  grading. 

3 Among  States  having  cooperative  laws  may  be  mentioned : Alabama,  California, 
Colorado,  Connecticut,  Florida,  Georgia,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Louisiana, 
Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  New  Jersey, 
New  Mexico,  New  York,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  Penn- 
sylvania, South  Carolina,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Vermont,  Virginia,  Wash- 
ington, Wisconsin,  Wyoming. 

4 A suggested  form  of  by-laws  with  suggested  financing  plans  may  be  obtained  from 
the  Bureau  of  Markets,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning. 
ARRANGEMENT  AND  EQUIPMENT  OF  PLANT. 


11 


Any  outline  that  can  be  given  for  the  arrangement  of  a sirup- 
canning  plant  must  be  necessarily  only  suggestive.  The  actual  space 
1 equired  for  the  equipment  is  small,  but  ample  room  must  be  provided 
for  storage.  First,  there  must  be  room  to  store  the  cans,  of  which  a 
sufficient  number  must  be  on  hand  before  the  operation  of  the  plant 
is  started.  Then,  too,  space  must  be  provided  for  storage  of  the 
barrels  of  sirup  as  they  are  brought  in,  for  the  empty  barrels,  and  for 
the  finished  product.  This  last  provision  is  not  necessary  always, 
as  in  a well-managed  cannery  the  sirup  is  shipped  out  nearly  as  fast 
as  it  is  canned,  labeled,  and  crated.  If  possible  a sirup-canning  plant 
should  be  on  a railroad  siding  so  as  to  save  all  the  labor  possible  in 
handling  the  finished  product  from  the  factory  to  the  cars. 

i le  reheatlng  vats  should  be  placed  so  as  to  allow  the  hot  sirup 
to  be  drawn  from  them  into  the  cans  at  a convenient  working  height 
rom  the  floor.  This  arrangement  is  important,  as  the  capacity  of 
the  plant  is  m a large  measure  dependent  upon  the  efficiency  with 
which  this  part  of  the  work  is  handled. 

There  are  two  arrangements  possible  for  the  relative  positions 
of  the  mixing  and  reheating  vats.  Either  the  mixing  vat  can  be 
p aced  at  or  near  the  level  of  the  floor,  in  which  case  it  would  be 
necessary  to  pump  the  sirup  from  this  tank  into  the  reheating  vats 
or  it  can  be  elevated  above  the  floor  level  sufficiently  high  to  enable 
tne  sirup  to  flow  by  gravity  from  it  into  the  reheating  vats.  In  the 
latter  case  it  probably  would  be  necessary  to  install  a small  derrick 
o lirt  the  barrels  of  sirup  from  the  floor  to  the  top  of  this  vat  If 
the  former  scheme  is  preferred  and  the  mixing  vat  is  built  near  the 
floor  level  the  barrels  can  be  emptied  into  it  by  rolling  them  up  to 
the  top  of  this  tank  on  inclined  skids.  Here  the  beams  should  be 
strong  enough  to  support  one  or  more  barrels  while  the  sirup  runs 
out  of  the  bunghole.  It  is  well  to  allow  the  sirup  from  the  barrels  to 
empty  into  this  mixing  vat  through  a wire  screen,  thus  removing 

arge  insects,  trash,  large  crystals  of  sugar,  and  other  objectionable 
material. 

The  reheating  vat  or  vats  should  be  situated  so  that  the  least  effort 
is  expended  m bringing  up  the  empty  cans  and  taking  away  the  filled 
ones.  The  number  of  reheating  vats  will  depend  upon  the  desired 
capacity  of  the  plant;  the  more  heating  vats  in  use  the  more  sirup 
can  be  reheated  and  canned  in  a unit  of  time.  Efficient  work  re- 
quires at  least  two  of  these  vats,  so  that  one  can  be  filled  and  heated 
while  the  other  is  delivering  its  hot  sirup  into  the  cans.  A bench 
built  m front  of  the  mixing  vats  just  high  enough  to  allow  the  cans 
resting  on  it  to  be  filled  without  spattering  is  very  convenient.  After 
being  filled  the  cans  can  be  pushed  along  this  bench  to  the  man  who 
caps  or  seals  them  as  soon  as  they  are  filled. 


12  Department  Circular  lh9,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


The  size  and  kind  of  a boiler  necessary  to  furnish  steam  for  the 
mixing  tank  and  reheating  vats  must  be  considered.  The  amount  of 
steam  necessary,  regulating  the  size  of  the  boiler,  is,  of  course,  de- 
pendent upon  the  amount  of  sirup  it  is  desired  to  can  each  day.  A 
very  large  boiler  is  not  necessary  as  a rule,  for  the  consumption  of 
steam  in  a sirup-canning  plant  is  not  large.  For  a small  plant,  can- 
ning from  1,000  to  2,000  gallons  of  sirup  a day,  a 25-  to  30-horse- 
power boiler  should  furnish  an  abundance  of  steam. 

Cans. — The  several  types  of  cans  on  the  market  and  in  general  use 
as  sirup  containers  are  known  as  the  sanitary  can,  the  solder-top  can, 
the  large  friction-top,  and  the  small  friction-top  can.  The  first  two, 
probably  the  best  general  types  for  material  which  ferments  or  de- 
composes easily,  have  one  disadvantage — they  must  be  sealed  by 
machinery  or  with  special  sealers  if  the  work  is  done  by  hand.  The 
latter  process  is  slow  and  unsatisfactory  when  a large  number  of 
cans  must  be  handled.  The  third  class,  the  large  friction-top  cans, 
are  the  least  satisfactory  if  the  sirup  is  to  be  shipped  or  handled  to 
any  extent,  because  the  tops  are  easily  sprung  loose,  allowing  some  of 
the  sirup  to  leak  out.  Often  they  are  not  air-tight,  and  hence  not 
proof  against  fermentation.  Any  rough  handling  loosens  the  top 
or  makes  it  come  off  entirely,  with  the  result  that  the  entire  can  of 
sirup  will  be  lost.  The  last  type,  the  small  friction- top  can,  is  consid- 
ered the  most  satisfactory  by  canners  who  operate  mostly  by  hand 
labor.  These  cans  have  a hole  in  the  top  2 inches  in  diameter,  large 
enough  to  enable  them  to  be  filled  quickly ; at  the  same  time  they  are 
easily  capped  with  a small,  tight  seal,  giving  less  chance  for  leakage. 
Since  the  friction  cap  is  much  smaller  than  that  of  the  other  type 
of  friction-top  can  it  is  much  more  difficult  to  loosen ; hence  the  dan- 
ger of  being  jarred  loose  in  handling  is  much  lessened.  This  type  of 
can  makes  a good,  strong,  air-tight  package,  and  has  the  advantage, 
for  the  small-sirup  packer,  of  being  sealed  easily  and  rapidly. 

OPERATION  OF  PLANT. 

The  work  of  a sirup-canning  plant  would  include  the  following 
operations:  (1)  Grading  the  sirup  as  received,  (2)  mixing,  (3)  re- 
heating and  bringing  to  the  proper  density,  (4)  canning,  (5)  label- 
ing and  crating  the  cans  ready  for  shipment. 

1.  Grading. — Since  the  sirup  made  by  the  farmers  is  of  good  qual- 
ity, usually,  tl\e  grading  is  simplified.  In  some  cases  it  might  be 
necessary  to  divide  the  sirup  brought  to  the  canning  plant  into  three 
classes,  but  as  long  as  the  original  makers  of  the  sirup  keep  up  their 
present  standard  two  classes  only  would  be  necessary.  In  the  first 
case  the  sirup  would  be  divided  into  three  grades — the  first  or  good 
sirup  (and  this  class  it  is  believed  will  contain  by  far  the  larger  por- 


13 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning. 

tion  of  the  sirup  brought  in)  ; a second  or  lower  grade  of  sirup;  and 
finally,  a third  or  very  poor  sirup,  including  all  scorched  sirup,  all 
sirup  made  from  frozen  cane,  sirup  that  is  too  thin,  and  all  sirup  that 
for  any  other  cause  could  not  be  mixed  with  good  sirup  without 
lowering  the  quality  of  the  product  too  much.  This  last  class  of 
sirup  should  not  be  received  or  accepted  by  a sirup-mixing  and  can- 
ning  plant. 

A plant  adopting  the  first  of  these  schemes  of  grading  sirup 
would  turn  out  two  brands  of  canned  sirup,  a high-class  product 
made  by  mixing  barrels  of  grade  1,  and  a brand  of  lower  quality  and 
cheaper,  made  by  mixing  barrels  of  the  second-grade  sirup.  A plant 
which  adopted  the  second  scheme  of  classifying  all  sirup  into  two 
classes,  good  sirup  and  very  poor  sirup,  the  latter  being  rejected, 
would  turn  out  one  grade  of  sirup,  that  made  by  mixing  convenient 
amounts  of  all  the  sirup  accepted. 

In  grading,  the  color  and  flavor  of  a sirup,  and  to  a large  extent 
the  density  also,  can  be  determined  by  driving  a nail  into  the  barrel, 
withdrawing  it,  and  observing  the  appearance  and  taste  of  the  sirup 
that  oozes  from  the  hole.  The  density  may  be  determined  more 
accurately  by  knocking  out  the  bung  of  the  barrel  and  floating  in  the 
sirup  a Baume  spindle,  an  instrument  well  known  to  sirup  makers 
as  a “ saccharometer.”  It  consists  of  a glass  spindle  with  lead  shot 
in  a bulb  at  the  bottom,  and  the  stem  contains  a scale  which  reads 
zero  in  pure  water  and  runs  up  to  50°.  The  thicker  a solution  or 
sirup,  the  higher  this  spindle  will  stand  in  the  liquor  and  the  larger 
will  be  the  scale  reading. 

The  density  of  a sirup  in  terms  of  this  scale  can  be  determined 
easily  by  allowing  the  spindle  to  float  in  the  sirup  until  it  becomes 
steady  and  then  reading  the  division  of  the  scale  that  is  just  at  the 
surface  of  the  liquid.  One  very  necessary  precaution  must  be  taken 
in  the  use  of  this  instrument.  The  same  sirup  will  have  a density, 
as  determined  by  a saccharometer,  4°  to  5°  lower  if  it  is  tested  near 
the  boiling  temperature  than  if  it  is  tested  while  the  sirup  is  at  the 
temperature  of  the  atmosphere.  However,  as  the  sirup  almost  in- 
variably would  be  tested  at  the  canning  plant  after  it  had  cooled  to  the 
temperature  of  the  air,  this  variation  of  the  scale  reading  with  the 
temperature  will  not  play  a large  role  in  testing  the  density  of  the 
sirup  as  brought  to  the  canning  plant.  The  difference  in  the  density 
of  the  sirup  as  shown  on  the  saccharometer  scale  on  a cool  day  and  on 
a warm  one  will  be  about  one-half  degree.  Table  1 gives  the  va- 
riation in  saccharometer  scale  readings  for  different  temperatures. 
This  table  was  determined  by  allowing  a Baume  spindle  to  float 
in  a cylinder  containing  hot  sirup  and  reading  the  temperature  and 
the  corresponding  degree  Baume  at  different  intervals  as  the  sirup 
cooled. 


14  Department  Circular  U9,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  1. — Density  of  sirup  at  different  temperatures. 


Sirup. 

210°  F. j 

200°  F. 

150°  F. 

90°  F. 

75°  F. 

60°  F. 

° Be. 

14.7 
32.5 

34.7 
36.1 

° Be. 

15.1 
32.9 

35.1 
36.4 

° Be. 
17.2 

34.6 
37.4 

37.7 

° Be. 

19.0 
36.6 

39.1 
39.5 

° Be. 

19.3 
37.1 

39.4 
39.9 

° Be. 
19.5 
37.4 
39.7 
40.3 

The  farmers  should  endeavor  to  cook  their  sirup  to  a water  con- 
tent of  28  per  cent.  A sirup  of  this  density  will  measure  39°  on  the 
saccharometer  scale  at  a temperature  of  60°  F.  (15.5°' C.).  This 
density  is  a good  standard  for  a sirup-canning  plant  to  adopt  as 
a basis  for  the  price  paid  or  allowed  for  sirup.  More  should  be  paid 
or  allowed  for  a thicker  sirup  and  less  accordingly  for  a thinner 
sirup. 

Table  2 shows  the  percentage  of  water  in  a sirup  corresponding 
to  the  degrees  Baume  at  60°  F. 

Table  2. — Percentage  of  water  in  sirup. 


Density. 

Water. 

1 Density. 

Water. 

0 Be. 
35 

Per  cent. 

36.1 

34.2 

32.2 

30.3 

28.3 

° Be. 

I 40 

Per  cent. 

26.3 

24.3 

22.3 

20.3 
18.2 

36 

41 

37 

42 

38 

43 

39 

44 

1 

A good  basis  for  determining  the  comparative  value  of  sirups  of 
different  densities  is  to  consider  the  actual  amount  of  sirup  that  can 
be  obtained  from  unit  quantities  of  juice  of  the  same  initial  density. 
The  amounts  of  sirup,  of  the  density  indicated,  shown  in  Table  3, 
have  been  obtained  from  1,000-gallon  lots  of  cane  juice  measuring 
13°  Brix  or  7.4°  Baume. 


Table  3. — Amount  of  sirup  obtained  from  cane  juice. 


Water  in  sirup. 

Density. 

Amount 
of  sirup 
obtained. 

Per  cent. 

° Be. 

38.1 

39.1 

40.1 

41.1 

Gallons. 

145 

139 

134 

129 

Working  from  Table  3,  and  assuming  that  sirup  of  38.1°  Be. 
is  priced  at  50  cents  per  gallon,  the  value  obtained  from  1,000  gallons 
of  7.4°  Be.  juice  would  be  145X$0.50,  or  $72.50.  If  the  sirup  were 
cooked  1°  higher,  only  139  gallons  would  be  obtained,  but  the 


15 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning. 

value  of  this  smaller  amount  of  sirup  should  be  at  least  the  same  as 
that  of  the  thinner  sirup,  as  it  was  made  from  the  same  amount  of 
juice.  Hence  the  value  of  each  gallon  should  be  $72.50-^139,  or 

52  cents.  Figured  on  a percentage  basis,  this  gives  (52*  1.  —50)  \^qq 

50 

or  4.2  per  cent  increase  in  value  for  a 1°  increase  in  the  density  as 
measured  on  the  Baume  scale.  Thus,  from  the  producer’s  point  of 
view,  if  the  standard  39°  Be.  is  taken  and  a fixed  price  is  allowed  for 
sirup  of  this  density,  an  increase  or  decrease  of  approximately  4 per 
cent  of  this  standard  price  should  be  allowed  for  every  degree  of 
variation  from  this  standard. 

The  greater  value  of  a thick  sirup  over  a thin  sirup  from  the  con- 
sumer’s point  of  view  can  be  calculated  from  Table  4. 

Table  4.— Weight  per  gallon  of  sirups  of  different  densities. 


30.3. 

28.3. 

26.3. 

24.3. 
22.2. 


Water. 


Density. 


Weight  of 
1 gallon. 


Per  cent. 


° Be. 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 


Pounds. 

11.2 

11.4 

11.5 

11.6 
11.7 


The  valuable  part  of  a sirup  is  the  solid  material  which  is  nearly 
all  a mixture  of  cane  sugar  and  invert  sugar.  A sirup  of  38°  Be.  con- 
tains 69.7  per  cent  solid  material  and  weighs  11.2  pounds.  Hence, 
the  actual  weight  of  the  solid  material  is  0.697X11*2  pounds,  or  7.80 
pounds. 

In  a sirup  of  42°  Be.  the  amount’  of  solid  material  is  0.778X11.7,  or 
9.10  pounds.  Assuming  that  the  solid  or  valuable  part  of  a sirup 
of  38°  Be.  is  worth  50  cents,  the  value  of  the  solid  material  of  a 

gallon  of  sirup  of  42°  Be.  would  be  X 50,  or  58.3  cents.  Thus, 

from  the  consumer’s  point  of  view,  a sirup  of  42°  Be.  is  worth  8.3 
cents  more  than  one  of  38°  Be.,  or  for  an  increase  of  1°  Be.  in  density 
the  value  of  sirup  is  increased  8.3-^4,  or  2.1  cents.  This  figured  on  a 

percentage  basis  gives  X100  or  4.2  per  cent.  It’  is  seen,  therefore, 

that  the  value  of  a sirup  is  increased  4.2  per  cent  from  both  the  pro- 
ducer’s and  consumer’s  point'  of  view  for  each  Baume  degree  of  in- 
crease in  density.  On  this  basis  a canning  plant  should  allow  a cer- 
tain price  for  sirup  measuring  39°  Be.  and  add  or  deduct  4 per 
cent  of  this  amount  for  an  increase  or  decrease  of  1°  Be.  in  the  density 
of  the  sirup. 


10  Department  Circular  lk9,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


2.  Mixing. — The  larger  the  quantity  of  sirup  that  can  be  mixed  in 
one  tank  at  one  time,  the  more  nearly  uniform  in  color  and  taste  the 
sirup  in  all  the  cans  will  be.  Although  there  may  be  quite  a notice- 
able difference  in  the  color  and  flavor  of  the  product  in  individual 
barrels  that  are  brought  to  a canning  plant,  still,  after  the  lower- 
grade  sirup  has  been  rejected,  unit  mixtures  made  from  5 or  more 
barrels  will  be  very  similar  to  one  another.  Quantities  of  from  5 to 
10  barrels  of  sirup  can  be  mixed  conveniently  in  a tank  with  an 
agitator  or  by  hand  with  a paddle. 

3.  Reheating  and  canning  .—This  step  is  the  most  important  one 
in  canning  sirup,  for  it  is  during  this  process  that  the  sirup  is 
brought  to  the  desired  density,  and  receives  the  sterilization  that 
prevents  subsequent  fermentation.  After  the  sirup  from  a convenient 
number  of  barrels  has  been  mixed,  a portion  of  it  is  run  or  pumped 
into  the  reboiling  vat,  which  may  be  of  any  suitable  shape  or  size — 
one  holding  about  100  gallons  has  been  found  to  be  efficient — and  may 
be  of  copper,  galvanized  iron,  or  wood.  For  heating  the  sirup  the 
vat  would  contain,  necessarily,  a steam-heating  coil,  preferably  of 
copper.  The  operation  of  this  part  of  the  process  is  simple.  After 
a convenient  amount  of  sirup  has  been  delivered  to  this  vat  from  the 
mixing  tank  the  steam  is  turned  on,  and  it  is  heated  to  a point  just 
below  boiling.  Usually  canned  sirup  containing  28  per  cent  water  is 
considered  thick  enough;  its  density  will  read  33J°-34J°  Baume 
when  tested  with  a saccharometer  at  a temperature  just  below  the 
boiling  point.  If  the  sirup,  just  before  boiling,  measures  higher  than 
this  a little  water  may  be  added  to  thin  it  out ; if  it  is  too  thin,  ,and 
measures  less  than  this,  boiling  a few  minutes  longer  will  bring  it 
up  to  the  desired  density. 

The  sirup,  ready  at  this  point  for  canning,  is  drawn  directly  into 
the  cans  from  the  heating  vat  by  some  form  of  quick  opening  and 
closing  valve.  A thermometer  should  be  kept  in  the  sirup  and 
watched  closely  to  see  that  the  temperature  does  not  fall  below  185° 
F.  during  the  canning  process.  It  may  be  necessary  to  turn  on  the 
steam  occasionally  to  maintain  this  temperature.  As  the  cans  are 
filled  with  the  hot  sirup  they  should  be  sealed  immediately. 

Too  much  stress  can  not  be  laid  upon  the  necessity  of  keeping  the 
temperature  of  the  sirup  running  into  the  cans  about  185°  F.  Strict 
attention  to  this  point  will  prevent  subsequent  fermentation.  The 
density  of  the  sirup  in  the  vat  is  determined  easily  by  means  of  the 
saccharometer  by  filling  an  elongated  cylindrical  cup  with  the  hot 
sirup,  in  which  the  spindle  floats  until  it  becomes  steady,  then  reading 
the  scale  division  at  the  surface  of  the  liquid. 


17 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning. 

4.  Labeling  and  crating . — To  promote  the  sale  of  the  sirup  the 
cans  should  be  labeled  neatly  and  attractively,  for  a well  labeled  can 
will  sell  more  readity  than  an  unlabeled  one.  A canning  plant  turn- 
ing out  a high-grade  product  should  choose  a brand  for  its  sirup  and 
stick  to  it.  This  is  essential  if  any  advertising  is  to  be  done  or  if  a 
reputation  is  to  be  built  up  for  the  sirup  of  a locality,  since  the  satis- 
fied purchaser  is  enabled  by  the  name  or  brand  or  design  on  the  label 
to  get  another  can  of  the  same  product. 

A label  bearing  a registered  name  or  trade-mark  will  prevent  imi- 
tations and  the  substitution  of  goods  of  inferior  quality.  If  a locality 
is  proud  of  its  quality  of  sirup,  it  should  have  its  distinctive  labels,  so 
that  all  who  use  it  may  purchase  it  repeatedly  and  tell  their  friends. 
The  process  of  labeling  is  simple  and  adds  little  to  the  cost  of  the 
sirup.  For  the  larger  plants  machines  may  be  obtained  which  rapidly 
and  efficiently  attach  the  labels  to  the  cans.  In  smaller  factories 
labeling  by  hand  is  not  difficult,  as  an  operator  becomes  surprisingly 
rapid  after  a little  practice. 

Before  the  sirup  can  be  sold  in  large  lots  to  wholesale  grocers  and 
other  dealers  it  is  necessary  to  crate  it  or  put  the  cans  in  packages  of 
convenient  size.  These  crates  or  boxes,  standard  sizes  holding  6 No. 
10  cans,  12  No.  5 cans,  or  24  of  the  No.  2J-size  cans,  are  made  of  wood 
or  fiber  board.  Those  of  wood  come  in  the  form  of  strips  and  must  be 
nailed  together,  while  the  fiber-board  boxes  require  a little  gluing  or 
pasting  to  make  them  ready  for  use.  These  packages  furnish  a neat, 
convenient,  and  safe  means  of  handling  sirup  if  large  amounts  of 
it  are  involved  or  it  is  to  be  shipped  any  distance. 

COST  OF  CANNING  SIRUP. 

Only  a general  idea  of  the  cost  of  canning  sirup  can  be  given. 
The  men  engaged  in  this  business  naturally  do  not  want  their  cost 
data  made  public,  so  the  only  material  at  hand  on  which  to  figure  this 
cost  is  that  obtained  in  operating  a small  sirup-canning  plant  a 
short  period,  during  which  time  all  the  troubles  incidental  to  the 
first  operation  of  a new  plant  developed.  It  is  believed,  however, 
from  the  experience  thus  gained  that  with  the  force  as  enumerated 
in  Table  5,  a plant  can  be  operated  with  a capacity  of  1,200  to  1,500 
gallons  per  day.  This  rough  estimate  includes  the  process  of  re- 
ceiving and  canning  the  sirup,  labeling,  crating,  and  shipping  not 
being  considered.  The  figures  given  for  hire  of  the  operators  are, 
necessarily,  guesswork.  They  vary  as  labor  conditions  in  the  sirup- 
producing  sections  change. 


18  Department  Circular  lk9,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


Table  5. — Cost  per  day  of  canning  sirup. 


Superintendent $5 

Fireman  (who  can  assist  in  other  work) 3 

Canner 3 

Helpers,  two  at  $2 4 

Can  sealer 3 

Fuel 5 


Total - 23 


Figuring  that  this  force  could  handle  1,200  to  1,500  gallons  per 
day,  the  cost  of  actual  canning  in  round  numbers  would  be*  be- 
tween 1|  and  2 cents  per  gallon.  As  there  is  a difference  of  about 
3 cents  each  in  the  price  of  empty  cans  when  bought  wholesale  in  car- 
load lots  and  when  purchased  by  individual  farmers  in  small  lots 
from  retail  stores,  the  saving  in  the  price  of  cans  will  more  than 
pay  the  expenses  of  the  actual  canning  operations. 

The  price  of  labels  as  quoted  recently  by  a large  house  handling 
canning  equipment  was  $5  per  thousand  for  No.  5 cans  and  $6.50  per 
thousand  for  No.  10  cans.  Thus,  the  cost  of  labels  would  be  slightly 
in  excess  of  % cent  per  can.  As  wooden  crates  holding  six  No.  10 
cans  cost  from  15  cents  to  25  cents  each  under  prevailing  market 
conditions  and  corrugated  paper  boxes  cost  about  the  same,  the  cost 
of  crates  would  be  from  2^  cents  to  4 cents  per  gallon  of  sirup. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  one  girl  is  able  to  label  1,200  to  1,500 
No.  10  cans  per  day;  hence  the  cost  of  labeling  should  not  be  more 
than  one-fourth  cent  per  can.  In  a plant  of  this  size  three  men 
should  handle  all  the  work  of  nailing  crates,  crating  the  cans,  and 
stacking  the  crates  ready  for  shipment.  At  an  estimated  cost  of 
$2.50  each  per  day,  the  cost  of  this  portion  of  the  operation  of  a 
sirup-canning  plant  would  amount  to  $7.50,  or  slightly  more  than 
cent  per  can. 

An  estimate  of  the  total  cost  of  canning  sirup  per  100  gallons  is 
summed  up  in  Table  6. 

Table  6. — Cost  of  canning  100  gallons  of  sirup. 


Management,  canning  operations,  amt  fuel $2.  00 

Labeling • 25 

Crating  and  stacking -60 

Labels -65 

Crates 2.00 

Cans 12-  50 

Total 18-00 


These  estimates  are  made  on  the  basis  of  canning  sirup  in  No.  10 
cans.  The  cost  per  gallon  of  canning  sirup  in  the  smaller-sized  cans 
is  appreciably  more,  but  as  these  smaller  sizes  can  be  sold  for  a price 
that  is  relatively  higher  than  that  obtained  for  the  larger  sizes,  the 
higher  cost  is  thus  absorbed. 


19 


Cooperative  Cane-Sirup  Canning. 

SUMMARY. 

At  present  the  cane-sirup  industry  is  handicapped  by  a lack  of 
uniformity  in  the  sirup  offered  for  sale  by  the  individual  farmer. 
This  condition  may  be  remedied  by  the  adoption  of  new  and  im- 
proved methods  of  manufacture  and  by  cooperative  canning.  By 
means  of  a cooperative  canning  plant,  the  farmers  in  any  sugar-cane- 
producing  region  will  be  able  to  secure  uniformity  in  their  sirup.  It 
is  also  more  economical  for  farmers  to  market  their  sirup  collectively. 
This  practice  not  only  increases  the  sale  of  sirup,  but  also  permits 
each  farmer  to  devote  more  time  to  the  production  of  other  crops, 
thus  deriving  the  maximum  profit  from  his  farm. 


o 


STATISTICAL  DATA  COMPILED  AND 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  BUBEAU  OF 
CROP  ESTIMATES 
1863-1920 


PART  I.  Publications  of  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates 

PART  II.  Subjects  Included  in  the  Reports  and  Records 
of  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 
DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150 


Contribution  from  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates 
LEON  M.  ESTABROOK,  Chief 


Washington,  D.  C. 


January,  1921 


WASHINGTON  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : .921 


FOREWORD. 


The  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  (Bureau  of  Statistics)  has  collected 
and  compiled  data  relating  to  agriculture  since  its  organization  as 
a statistical  division  in  the  Patent  Office  in  1840,  and  has  published 
such  data  in  various  forms  since  its  transfer  to  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  in  1862.  Much  of  this  material  is  of  permanent  value, 
but  is  not  readily  available  to  the  public  because  the  current  publica- 
tions of  the  bureau  are  not  indexed  and  many  of  the  earlier  publica- 
tions are  out  of  print  and  can  be  found  only  in  reference  libraries. 

In  order  that  the  public,  especially  research  workers,  statisticians, 
economists,  students,  and  business  men,  may  know  what  statistical 
material  is  available  in  the  publications  of  the  bureau,  a complete 
list  of  “ Publications  of  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  ” is  presented 
herein,  with  serial  number,  title,  author’s  name,  and  year  published. 
(See  Part  I.) 

For  convenience  of  reference  there  is  also  presented  a list  of  u Sub- 
jects Included  in  the  Reports  and  Records  of  the  Bureau  of  Crop 
Estimates,  1863-1920,”  arranged  alphabetically  by  subjects,  show- 
ing the  kinds  of  information  available  for  each  subject,  dates  avail- 
able, and  page  references  to  the  Monthly  Crop  Reporter  in  which 
published,  or  number  of  office  record  of  unpublished  material.  (See 
Part  II.) 

It  is  believed  that  the  employees  of  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates, 
research  workers  in  other  bureaus  of  the  Federal  Government,  and 
in  State  agricultural  colleges  and  experiment  stations,  as  well  as 
many  private  persons  interested  in  the  statistics  of  agriculture,  will 
find  these  lists  convenient  and  helpful  in  their  work. 

Leon  M.  Estabrook, 

Chief  of  Bureau. 


2 


Annual.  1863-1864. 
1865  to  date. 


PART  I. 

PUBLICATIONS  CROP  ESTIMATES, 

Annual  Reports. 

Report  of  Agricultural  Statistics. 

Report  of  Statistician.  Annual. 

General  Publications. 

ASb^s^lnLndtogtmaps,Achaifeana'Cen*enn*a*  a’bU“  °f  agricultural  «*a- 
leges.  J.  R.  Dodge  1876  * ’ la&rams’  lllustrations  of  industrial  col-- 

aZ’„.  f rr  - ». 

Bureau  of  Statistics  Tren*nrv  .°f  Josepl1  Nim».  Jr-,  chief  of 

United  States,  published  Dec  1 1879^  *’  °“  interCal  eommerce  of 

°s.“Trr“  sr  ™ » 

Same,  revised  and  corrected.  1896 

Graphics.  Album  of  agricultural  graphics  of  United  States.  J.  R.  Dodge. 

Same ; by  J.  R.  Dodge.  1891 
Industrial  colleges : The  nature  of  education  to  ho  • 
several  kinds  of  instruction  considered  t t glVen  lh  them ; their 
Publications.  [Letter  relating  TT m % mS  Bollman-  1864. 

15,  1895.  (Circ!)  Publications.]  Henry  A.  Robinson.  July 

Statistics.  Album  of  agricultural  statistics  of  United  States.  J.  R.  Dodge. 
r>  ,|  » . Same;  Podge.  1891. 

inHusTve,  ^eBuneana]111'8  "“**  kD°Wn  as  Eeports:  N<«-  9 to  103, 

1.  Report  on  flax,  hemp,  ramie,  and  Jute.  Charles  Eichards  Dodge. 

2.  Report  on  agriculture  of  South  Amort™  A1  . ^ 

a 18Ed2-' 

5.  Production^and  dirtrtbuHon^  f!'0m  1866  ‘°  1892‘  1892‘ 

world.  1893  rincipa  agricultural  products  of 

* Rt;  in  — ■*- 

9-  Paction  and  price  of  cotton  for  lOO^T  ^ 
Cotton  and  currency.  1895.  (Separate.) 


No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 


3 


4 DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OE  AGRICULTURE. 


Bulletins — Continued. 

No.  10.  Railway  charges  for  transportation  of  wool.  1896. 

.4  No.  11.  Number  and  value  of  farm  animals  of  United  States,  and  animal 
products,  1880-1896.  1896. 

No.  12.  Freight  charges  for  ocean  transportation  of  products  of  agricul- 
ture, Oct.  1,  1895-Oct.  1,  1896.  1896. 

No.  13.  Fertilizer  industry;  review  of  statistics  of  production  and  con- 
sumption. John  Hyde.  1898. 

No.  14.  Of  what  service  are  statistics  to  the  farmer?  John  Hyde.  1898. 

No.  15.  Changes  in  rates  of  charge  for  railway  and  other  transportation 
services.  H.  T.  Newcomb.  1898. 

Same,  revised,  1901. 

No.  16.  Cost  of  cotton  production.  James  L.  Watkins.  1899. 

No.  17.  Cotton  crop  of  1898-99.  James  L.  Watkins.  1900. 

No.  18.  Course  of  prices  of  farm  implements  and  machinery  for  series  of 
years.  George  K.  Holmes.  1901. 

No.  19.  Cotton  crop  of  1899-1900.  James  L.  Watkins.  1901. 

No.  20.  Wheat  growing  and  general  agricultural  conditions  in  Pacific 
coast  region  of  United  States.  Edwin  S-.  Holmes,  jr.  1901. 

No.  21.  Rates  of  charge  for  transporting  garden  truck,  with  notes  on 
growth  of  industry.  Edward  G.  Ward,  jr.,  and  Edwin  S. 
Holmes,  jr.  1901. 

No.  22.  Wages  of  farm  labor  in  United  States ; result  of  eleven  statistical 
investigations,  1866-1898.  1901. 

No.  23.  Statistics  on  fruit  industry  of  California.  Edwin  S.  Holmes,  jr. 


1901. 

No.  24.  Relations  of  population  and  food  products  in  the  United  States. 
James  H.  Blodgett.  1903. 

No.  25.  Milk  transportation:  Freight  rates  to  the  largest  fifteen  cities  m 
>the  United  States.  Edward  G.  Ward,  jr.  1903. 

No.  26.  Wages  of  farm  labor  in  the  Unted  States.  Results  of  twelve  sta- 
tistical investigations,  1866-1902.  James  H.  Blodgett.  1903. 
No.  27.  Wheat  production  and  farm  life  in  Argentina.  Frank  W.  Bicknell. 


1904. 

No.  28.  The  commercial  cotton  crops  of  1900-1901,  1901-1902,  and  1902- 
1903.  James  U.  Watkins,  1904. 

No.  29.  Methods  and  routes  for  exporting  farm  products.  Edward  G. 
Ward,  jr.  1904. 

No  30  International  sugar  situation.  Frank  R.  Rutter.  1904. 

No!  31.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1901-1903,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1905. 

No.  32.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1901-1903,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1905. 

No.  33.  Trade  with  noncontiguous  possessions  in  farm  and  forest  product*, 

1901-1903.'  1905.  . aak 

No  34  The  commercial  cotton  crop  of  1903-4.  .Tames  L.  Watkins.  190  . 
No!  3s!  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1902-1904,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1905. 

No.  36.  Exports  of  Farm  and  Forest  Products,  1902-1904,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1905. 

No.  37.  Trade  with  noncontiguous  possessions  in  farm  and  forest  prod- 
ucts, 1902-1904.  1905.  , 

No.  38.  Crop  export  movement  and  port  facilities  on  the  Atlantic  and 
Gulf  coasts.  Frank  Andrews.  1905. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  5 

Bulletins— Continued. 

No.  30.  Meat  In  foreign  markets,  tariffs  of  fourteen  importing  nations, 
and  countries  of  surplus.  1906. 

No.  40.  Meat  animals  and  packing-house  products  imported  into  eleven 
principal  countries,  1895-1904.  1906. 

No.  41.  Norwaj  , Sweden,  and  Russia  as  markets  for  packing-house  prod- 
ucts*  Imports  from  principal  countries,  1895-1904.  1906 
No.  42.  Russia’s  wheat  surplus;  conditions  under  which  it  is  produced. 
I.  M.  Rubmow.  1906. 

No.  43.  Changes  in  farm  values,  1900-1905.  George  K.  Holmes.  1906. 

" o.  44.  Local  conditions  as  affecting  farm  values,  1900-1905.  George  K 
Holmes.  1906. 

No.  45.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1903-1905,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1906. 

No.  46.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1903-1905,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1906. 

No.  47.  Trade  with  noncontiguous  possessions  in  farm  and  forest  products 
1903-1905.  1906. 

No.  48.  The  cost  of  producing  farm  products.  Willet  M.  Hays  and  Edward 
C.  Parker.  1906. 

No.  49.  Costs  of  hauling  crops  from  farms  to  shipping  points.  Frank 
Andrews.  1907. 

No.  50.  Hops  in  principal  countries;  Their  supply,  foreign  trade,  and  con- 
sumption, with  statistics  of  beer  brewing.  Eugene  Merritt 
1907. 

No.  51.  Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  in  forest  products,  1851-1908. 
G.  K.  Holmes,  1909. 

No.  52.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1904-1906,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1907. 

No.  53.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1904-1906,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1907. 

No.  54.  Trade  with  noncontiguous  possessions  in  farm  and  forest  products 
1904-1906.  1907. 

No.  55.  Meat  supply  and  surplus,  with  consideration  of  consumption  and 
exports.  George  K.  Holmes.  1907. 

No.  56.  Corn  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C Clark 
1907. 

No.  57.  Wheat  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C.  Clark. 
1907.  Revised,  1908. 

No.  58.  Oat  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C Clark 
1907. 

No.  59.  Barley  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C Clark 

1907. 

No.  60.  Rye  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C Clark 

1908.  * 

No.  61.  Buckwheat  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C 
Clark.  1908. 

No.  62.  Potato  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C.  Clark. 
1908. 

No.  63.  Hay  crops  of  the  United  States,  1866-1906.  Charles  C.  Clark. 
1908. 

" No*  64*  dumber  and  farm  value  of  farm  animals  in  the  United  States 
1867-1907.  Charles  C.  Clark.  1908. 

No.  65.  Russia’s  wheat  trade.  I.  M.  Rubinow.  1908. 


6 DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OE  AGRICULTURE. 


Bulletins — Continued. 

No.  66.  Russia’s  wheat  and  wheat  flour  in  European  markets.  I.  M. 
Rubinow.  1908. 

No.  67.  Ocean  freight  rates  and  the  conditions  affecting  them.  Frank 
Andrews.  1907. 

No.  68.  Cereal  production  of  Europe.  Frank  R.  Rutter.  1908. 

No.  69.  European  grain  trade.  Frank  R.  Rutter.  1908. 

No.  70.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1905-1907,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1909. 

No.  71.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1905-1907,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1908. 

No.  72.  Agricultural  imports  of  the  Netherlands.  1909. 

No.  73.  The  cost  of  producing  Minnesota  farm  products,  1902-1907. 
Edward  C.  Parker  and  Thomas  P.  Cooper.  1909. 

No.  74.  Imports  of  farm  products  into  the  United  States,  1851-1908.  1910. 

No.  75.  Exports  of  farm  products  from  the  United  States,  1851-1908.  1910. 

No.  76.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1906-1908,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1909. 

No.  77.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1906-1908,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1910. 

No.  78.  Agricultural  Graphics.  United  States  and  world  crops  and  live 
stock.  Middleton  Smith.  1910. 

No.  79.  Coffee.  Production,  trade,  and  consumption,  by  countries.  Harry 
C.  Graham.  1912. 

No.  80.  Not  issued. 

No.  81.  Grain  movement  in  the  Great  Lakes  Region.  Frank  Andrews. 
1911. 

No.  82.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1907-1909,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1910. 

No.  83.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1907-1909,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1910. 

No.  84.  Russian  cereal  crops.  Area  and  production  by  Governments  and 
Provinces.  Edward  T.  Peters.  1911. 

No.  85.  Seed  time  and  harvest:  Cereals,  flax,  cotton,  and  tobacco.  James 
R.  Covert.  1912. 

No.  86.  Not  issued. 

No.  87.  Not  issued. 

No.  88.  The  cost  of  producing  Minnesota  dairy  products,  1904-1909. 
Thomas  P.  Cooper.  1911. 

No.  89.  Marketing  grain  and  live  stock  in  the  Pacific  coast  region.  Frank 
Andrews.  1911. 

No.  90.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1908-1910,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1911. 

No.  91.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1908-1910,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1911. 

No.  92.  Not  issued. 

No.  93.  Cold-storage  business  features.  George  K.  Holmes.  1913. 

No  94.  Supply  of  farm  labor.  George  K.  Holmes.  1912. 

No.  95.  Imports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1909-1911,  by  countries  from 
which  consigned.  1912. 

No.  96.  Exports  of  farm  and  forest  products,  1909-1911,  by  countries  to 
which  consigned.  1912. 

No.  97.  Not  issued. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  7 

Bulletins— Continued. 

No.  98.  Not  issued. 

N«ClTfflrmIab0r-  George  K.  Holmes.  1912 

- agriculture^  **  ” °f 

No"  loo*  List^  s^ora^  and  prices.  George  K.  Holmes.  1913. 

• Ge4Trm:slkfaiS.and  eshibitions  - - ?**- 

ITu™rr°MerrUtdC19T3  **"“  and  f°reSt  products’  19fG-1910. 

Circulars. 

3 The  TjtT  C,r0P/'f  the  WOrI,L  He'«'.v  A.  Robinson.  1896 

i .Hxr* i89e- 

8 Se  c H Cr°P  °f  1896'  Henry  A-  Robinson.  1897 

9 ?h!  core  Cr°P  of  “WWW7.  John  Hyde.  1898 

No.  10.  Brazos  mve^Tex ^flLfof  JJameS  L‘  Watkins*  1898‘ 
upon  the  Agriculture  of  the 

No  12  Che6  W°rId'S  8rain  Crops  in  1899-  John  Hyde.  1899. 

lgtxT  m railr°ad  freigM  classifications.  Edward  G.  Ward,  jr. 

No.  S i9°°- 

Hrimes^^m11  farm  and  f°reSt  products’  19°3-  George  K. 

Foreigii^trad^m  farm  and  forest  products,  1904.  George  K. 

Government  crop  reports*  Thmr»  1 
- preparatIon’ 

- 19.  Foreign  crops,  May,  1911.  Char, es  M.  Da^herty09 1911 

ssssssrs-  rrrMD“y-  s 

22.  Tobacco  repor’t,  J Jy  i.  1911  j p “•. ,DaUgherty-  l*tt 

No'  24  p°re^n  Cr°PS’  AugUBt>  mi-  Charles  M& Daugherty1  1911 

No.’  25.'  EoS  cZs’ l71?7mnch  °farM  M'  Da«  W 
Nr»  o«  Charles  M.  Danghertv  iqii 

26.  Foreign  crops,  November-December  1911  7 t 

1911.  eceraoer,  1911.  Charles  M.  Daugherty, 

I - 

1911  Cr°AS  au“mary-  Area  an<3  production  of  cereals  1907 
Daugherty  loi"™’  19°^910’  by  «"">**«■•  Charies  M. 

No.  30.  Foreign  crops,  March,  1912.  (Argentina.)  Charles  M.  Daugherty. 


No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 


No. 

No. 


No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 


No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 


8 DEPARTMENT 


CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


C,rCNore31Clnnulfand  average  production  of  and  internatio^l 


George  K.  Holmes. 
George  K.  Holmes. 
George  K.  Holmes. 
George  K.  Holmes. 
Harry  C.  Graham. 


portant  agricultural  products,  by  countries. 

1912. 

No.  82.  Cotton  crops  of  the  United  States,  1790-1911. 

1912. 

No.  33.  Tobacco  crop  of  the  United  States,  1612-1911. 

1912. 

No.  34.  Rice  crop  of  the  United  States,  1712-191L 
1912. 

No.  35.  Hop  crop  of  the  United  States,  1790-1911. 

1912.  . x 

No.  36.  Foreign  crops,  April,  1912.  (British  India.) 

No.  37.  Foreign  crops,  May-June,  1912.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1912. 

No.  38.  Tobacco  report,  July  1,  1912.  J.  P.  Killebrew.  1912* 

No  39  Foreign  crops,  July,  1912.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1912, 

No.  40.  Foreign  crops.  August-September,  1912.  Charles  M.  Daugherty. 

1912.  , A 

No.  41.  Foreign  crops,  October,  1912.  Charles  M.  Daugherty  1912 
No.  42.  Foreign  crops,  November,  1912.  Charles  M.  Daugher  y.  • 

No.  43.  Tobacco  crop,  1912,  by  types  and  districts.  J.  P‘  Killebrew.  19  . 

No  44.  Foreign  crops,  December,  1912.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  • 

No!  45.  Foreign  crops:  January.  Summary  by  countries  of  the  area  and 
production  of  cereals,  1908-1912,  and  of  flaxseed,  1909-1911. 
Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1913. 

No  46  Foreign  crops,  February  1913.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1913 
No  47  Foreign  crops,  March-April,  1913.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  VOS. 
Unnumbered  circular  letter.  Dates  of  sowing  and  harvesting.  James  R. 

CircXr 'll1  Revised.  Government  crop  reports:  Their  value,  scope,  and 
preparation.  Leon  M.  Estabrook.  1915.  ...  .. 

Circular  17,  revised.  Government  crop  reports:  Sources  of  formation, 
methods  ol  preparation  and  checking,  demonstrated  accuracy.  Leon  M. 
Estabrook.  1918. 

Crop  Circulars.  . 

' rcrop  circulars  took  the  place  of  the  crop  reports,  new  series,  issued 
monthly  (except  January),  and  consisted  of  the  information  contained 
in  the  telegraphic  reports  of  the  10th  of  each  month.] 

Issued  monthly,  May-November,  1898  and  1899;  and  April,  1900.  [Dis- 
continued.] 

Cr0  TwoPcohimn  quarto,  published  monthly,  May,  1899,  to  June,  1913,  inclusive. 

Agricultural  Outlook. 

SAX  596,  eol;  611,615. 

620,  629,  641,  645,  651,  665,  672.] 

Monthly  Crop  Report. 

May,  1915,  to  January,  1919,  inclusive. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  9 

Monthly  Crop  Reporter. 

February,  1919,  and  subsequently  (to  date). 

Statistical  Reports. 

Contains  reports  on  condition  of  crops,  and  special  subjects  of  interest  to 
farmers.  Issued  as  “ Monthly  ” or  “ Bi-monthly  Report  ” of  Department 
from  May,  1863,  to  December,  1876,  when  the  series  was  discontinued  and 
the  issue  of  the  statistical  matter  was  transferred  to  the  series  of 
“ Special  reports  ” and  there  appeared  under  various  numbers,  not 
always  consecutive,  from  January,  1877,  to  September,  1883.  Another 
change  was  made  in  October,  1883,  when  “New  Series,  Report  No.  1,” 
appeared  containing  the  crop  statistics.  This  last  series  was  continued, 
consecutively  numbered,  up  to  No.  155,  December,  1897.  No.  156  was 
issued  April  20,  1899.  From  May,  1898,  to  April,  1900,  the  statistics 
were  issued  in  a “ Crop  circular.”  Beginning  with  May,  1900,  they  were 
merged  into  the  “Crop  Reporter.”  Statistical  reports  separate.  [Re- 
printed from  new  series,  report  No.  115  of  statistician  1894.] 

Monthly  Crop  Synopsis. 

Synopsis  of  the  monthly  statistical  reports  issued  as  a.  four-page  leaflet 
soon  after  the  10th  of  each  month  from  March,  1890,  to  May,  1896,  in- 
clusive, and  bearing  a number  identical  with  that  of  the  report  which  it 
summarizes.  [Discontinued.] 

Separate  Reprints  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  Yearbook.  [Known 
as  “ Yearbook  Separates.”] 

No.  110.  Section  of  Foreign  Markets,  Review  of  Work.  Frank  H.  Hitch- 
cock. 1898. 

No.  121.  Of  what  service  are  statistics  to  the  farmer?  John  Hyde.  1898. 

No.  122.  Agricultural  production  and  prices,  1897. 

No.  154.  The  public  domain  of  the  United  States.  Max  West.  1899. 

No.  155.  Keeping  goats  for  profit.  Almont  Barnes.  1899. 

No.  156.  Agricultural  statistics  relating  to  grain,  cotton,  sugar,  animals,  etc., 
in  the  United  States.  1899. 

No.  164.  Statistical  matter  relating  to  principal  crops  and  farm  animals, 
transportation  rates,  etc.,  in  the  United  States,  1899.  1900. 

No.  179.  Progress  of  agriculture  in  the  United  States.  George  K.  Holmes. 
1900. 

No.  200.  Statistical  matter  relating  to  principal  crops  and  farm  animals, 
transportation  rates,  etc.,  in  the  United  States,  1900.  1901. 

No.  209.  Influence  of  rye  on  the  price  of  wheat.  Edward  T.  Peters.  1901. 

No.  234.  The  future  demand  for  American  cotton.  J.  L.  Watkins.  1902. 

No.  239.  The  cottonseed  industry.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1902. 

No.  256.  Wheat  ports  of  the  Pacific  coast.  Edwin  S.  Holmes,  jr.  1902. 

No.  258.  Statistical  matter  relating  to  principal  crops  and  farm  animals, 
freight  rates,  exports,  etc.,  in  the  United  States,  1901. 

No.  282.  Flaxseed  production,  commerce,  and  manufacture  in  the  United 
States.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1903. 

No.  289.  Practices  in  crop  rotation.  George  K.  Holmes.  1903. 

No.  298.  Statistical  matter  relating  to  principal  crops  and  farm  animals, 
freight  rates,  exports,  etc.,  of  the  United  States,  1902.  1903. 

No.  304.  The  Nation’s  farm  surplus.  George  K.  Holmes.  1904. 

No.  308.  Consumption  of  cotton  in  the  cotton  States.  J.  L.  Watkins.  1904. 

No.  319.  The  industry  in  oil  seeds.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1904. 

14902°— 20 2 


) 


10  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Separate  Reprints  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  Yearbook — Continued. 

No.  334.  Statistical  matter  relating  to  principal  crops  and  farm  animals, 
freight  rates,  exports,  etc.,  of  the  United  States,  1903.  1904. 
No.  347.  The  castor  oil  industry.  Charles  M.  Daugherty.  1905. 

No.  357.  Consumers’  fancies.  George  K.  Holmes.  1905. 

No.  370.  Statistical  matter  relating  to  principal  crops  and  farm  animais, 
freight  rates,  exports,  etc.,  of  the  United  States,  1904.  1905. 

No.  400.  Causes  affecting  farm  values.  George  K.  Holmes.  1906. 

No.  404.  Statistical  matter  relating  to  principal  crops  and  farm  animals, 
freight  rates,  exports,  etc.,  of  the  United  States,  1905.  1906. 
No.  421.  Foreign  restrictions  on  American  meat.  Frank  R.  Rutter.  1907. 
No.  430.  Freight  costs  and  market  values.  Frank  Andrews.  1907. 

No.  436.  Agricultural  statistics,  1906.  1907. 

No.  449.  Traffic  on  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Tennessee  River.  Frank  Andrews. 

1908. 

No.  465.  Agricultural  statistics,  1907.  1908. 

No.  477.  Cost  and  methods  of  transporting  meat  animals.  Frank  Andrews. 

1909. 

No.  498.  Agricultural  statistics,  1908.  1909. 

No.  502.  Methods  and  cost  of  marketing.  Frank  Andrews.  1910. 

No.  524.  Agricultural  statistics,  1909.  1910. 

No.  528.  Supply  and  wages  of  farm  labor.  George  K.  Holmes.  1911. 

No.  553.  Agricultural  statistics,  1910.  1911. 

No.  554.  Live  stock  and  miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics,  1910.  1911. 
No.  555.  Statistics  of  principal  crops,  1910.  1911. 

No.  558.  The  reduction  of  waste  in  marketing.  Frank  Andrews.  1912. 

No.  587.  Statistics  of  principal  crops,  1911.  1912. 

No.  588.  Live  stock  and  miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics,  1911. 

No.  614.  Statistics  of  principal  crops,  1912.  1913. 

No.  615.  Live  stock  and  miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics  1912.  1913. 
No.  630.  Statistics  of  principal  crops,  1913.  1913. 

No.  631.  Live-stock  and  miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics,  1913. 

No.  641.  Movement  from  city  and  town  to  farms.  G.  K.  Holmes.  1914. 

No.  654.  Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1914.  1914. 

No.  655.  Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops,  1914.  1914. 

No.  656.  Live  stock.  1914,  and  census  data.  1914. 

No.  657.  Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products.  1914. 

No.  681.  A graphic  summary  of  American  agriculture.  1915. 

No.  682.  Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1915.  1915. 

No.  683.  Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops,  1915.  1915. 

No.  684.  Live  stock,  1915,  and  miscellaneous  data.  1915.. 

No.  685.  Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products.  1915. 

No.  702.  Development  and  localization  of  truck  crops  in  the  United  States. 
1916. 

No.  713.  A graphic  summary  of  world  agriculture.  1916. 

No.  719.  Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1916.  1916. 

No.  720.  Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops,  1916.  1916. 

No.  721.  Live  stock,  1916,  and  miscellaneous  data.  1916. 

No.  722.  Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products.  1916. 

No.  741.  Hides  and  skins : Production,  foreign  trade,  supply,  and  consump- 
tion. George  K.  Holmes.  1917. 

No.  751.  Wool : 'Production,  foreign  trade,  supply,  and  consumption.  George 
K.  Holmes.  1917. 

No.  756.  Sugar  supply  of  the  United  States.  Frank  Andrews.  1917. 


11 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


Separate  Reprints  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture  Yearbook-Continued. 

No.  <o9.  Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1917.  1917. 

No.  760.  Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops,  1917.  1917. 

No.  <61.  Live  stock,  1917,  and  miscellaneous  data.  1917. 

No.  ^62.  Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products.  1917. 

No.  767.  The  commercial  apple  industry  in  the  United  States.  J C Folder 
1918. 

No.  791.  Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1918.  1918. 

No.  792.  Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops,  1918.  1918 
No.  793.  Live  stock,  1918.  1918. 

No.  794.  Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products.  1918. 

No.  795.  Miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics,  1918.  1918. 

No.  805.  Three  centuries  of  tobacco.  George  K.  Holmes.  1919. 

No.  826.  Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1919.  1919. 

No.  827.  Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops,  1919.  1919 
No.  828.  Live  stock,  1919.  1919. 

No.  829.  Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products.  1919. 

No.  830.  Miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics,  1919.  1919. 


Bulletins  of 

No.  66. 


the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.  (Department  series.) 
Statistics  of  sugar  in  the  United  States  and  its  insular  nos- 

100-1  min  -r-.  , a _ A ° 


No.  74. 
No.  177. 

No.  296. 
No.  325. 
No.  473. 

No.  483. 

No.  485. 

No.  514. 

No.  515. 

No.  594. 
No.  685. 

No.  695. 

No.  696. 
No.  733. 
No.  755. 
No.  806. 

No.  822. 


sessions,  1881-1912.  Frank  Andrews.  1914. 

Inland  boat  service.  Frank  Andrews.  1914. 

The  production  and  consumption  of  dairy  products.  Eugene  Mer- 
ritt. 1915. 

Oui  foreign  trade  in  farm  and  forest  products.  Perry  Elliott  1915 
Honeybees.  Samuel  A.  Jones.  1915. 

Production  of  sugar  in  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries 
Perry  Elliott.  1917. 

Statistics  of  fruits  in  principal  countries.  H.  D.  Ruddiman. 
1917. 

Apples:  Production  estimates  and  important  commercial  districts 
and  varieties.  H.  P.  Gould ; Frank  Andrews.  1917. 

^1917'  yieIdS  Per  aCre  and  priees>  by  States,  50  years  1866-1915. 

Corn,  yields  per  acre  and  prices,  by  States,  50  years  1866-1915. 
1917. 

Geography  of  wheat  prices.  L.  B.  Zapoleon.  1918. 

Honeybees  and  honey  production  in  the'  United  States.  Samuel  A 
Jones.  1918. 

Potatoes:  Acreage,  production,  foreign  trade,  supply,  and  consump- 
lion.  George  K.  Holmes.  1918. 

Geographical  phases  of  farm  prices : Corn.  L.  B.  Zapoleon.  1918 
Length  of  cotton  lint,  crops  1916  and  1917.  W.  L.  Pryor.  1918. 
Geographical  phases  of  farm  prices : Oats.  L.  B.  Zapoleon.  1919. 
Peaches : Production  estimates  and  important  commercial  districts 
and  varieties.  H.  P.  Gould ; Frank  Andrews.  1919. 

Pears:  Production  estimates  and  important  commercial  districts 
and  varieties.  H.  P.  Gould ; Frank  Andrews.  1920. 


MIMEOGRAPHED  REPORTS. 

Special  Commercial  Apple  Crop  Report.  (Issued  monthly.) 
Octber  8,  1917,  to  December  12,  1919.  [Discontinued.] 


12  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OE  AGRICULTURE. 

Special  Commercial  Peach  Crop  Report.  (Issued  monthly.) 

April  13,  1918,  to  April  12,  1920.  [Discontinued.] 

Special  Commercial  Pear  Crop  Report.  (Issued  monthly.) 

July  9,  1919,  to  November  8,  1919.  [Discontinued.] 

Special  Commercial  Potato  Crop  Report.  (Issued  monthly,  but  twice  a month 
for  September  and  October.) 

August  16,  1919,  to  December  17,  1919.  [Discontinued.] 

Weekly  Truck  Crop  News. 

December  13,  1917,  to  January  26,  1920. 

Weekly  Crop  and  Market  Review  of  Fruits  and  Vegetables. 

[Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  and  Bureau  of  Markets  cooperating.]  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1920,  to  April  20,  1920. 

[Bureau  of  Markets.]  April  27,  1920,  and  subsequently  to  date. 

Weekly  Crop  Notes  by  Field  Agents. 

Week  ending  May  18,  1918,  and  subsequently  to  date. 

Foreign  Crop  and  Live  Stock  Reports.  (Issued  twice  a month.) 

March  13,  1919,  and  subsequently  to  date. 

MISCELLANEOUS  PUBLICATIONS. 

Field  agent’s  handbook  of  agricultural  statistics.  Leon  M.  Estabrook.  1914. 
Crop  estimates,  1910-1919.  Leon  M.  Estabrook.  1920. 

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  DIVISION  OF  FOREIGN  MARKETS. 

(Which  became  part  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  in  1903.) 


Bulletins. 

No.  1.  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

No.  2.  The  German  Empire. 

No.  3.  France. 

No.  4.  Canada. 

No.  5.  Netherlands. 

No.  6.  Belgium. 

No.  7.  Norway. 

No.  8.  Sweden. 

No.  9.  Trade  of  Denmark. 

No.  10.  Our  foreign  trade  in  agricultural  products  during  the  five  fiscal 
years,  1893-1897. 

No.  11.  Spain’s  foreign  trade. 

No.  12.  Our  trade  with  Spain,  1888-1897. 

No.  13.  Trade  of  Puerto  Rico. 

No.  14.  Trade  of  the  Philippine  Islands. 

No.  15.  Our  foreign  trade  in  agricultural  products,  1894-1898. 

No.  16.  Distribution  of  the  agricultural  exports  of  the  United  States, 
1894-1898. 

No.  17.  Sources  of  the  agricultural  imports  of  the  United  States,  1894-1898. 
No.  18.  Our  trade  with  Japan,  China,  and  Hongkong,  1889-1899. 

No.  19.  Our  foreign  trade  in  agricultural  products,  1890-1899. 

No.  20.  Agricultural  exports  of  the  United  States,  by  countries,  1895-1899. 
No.  21.  Agricultural  imports  of  the  United  States,  by  countries,  1895-1899. 
No.  22.  Our  trade  with  Scandinavia,  1890-1900. 

No.  23.  Our  foreign  trade  in  agricultural  products,  1891-1900. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  13 

Bulletins — Continued. 

No.  24.  Sources  of  the  agricultural  imports  of  the  United  States,  1896-1900. 
No.  25.  Distribution  of  the  agricultural  exports  of  the  United  States,  1896- 

1900. 

No.  26.  Agricultural  imports  of  the  United  Kingdom,  1890-1900. 

No.  27.  Our  foreign  trade  in  agricultural  products,  1892-1901. 

No.  28.  Sources  of  the  agricultural  imports  of  the  United  States,  1897-1901. 
No.  29.  Distribution  of  the  agricultural  exports  of  the  United  States  1897- 

1901. 

No.  30.  Agricultural  imports  of  Germany,  1897-1901. 

No.  31.  Sources  of  the  agricultural  imports  of  the  United  States,  1898-1902. 
No.  32.  Distribution  of  the  agricultural  exports  of  the  United  States  1898- 

1902. 

No.  33.  Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  in  forest  products,  1902. 

No.  34.  American  grain  and  flour  in  the  British  market. 

No.  35.  Foreign  import  tariffs  on  meat  and  meat  products,  1903. 

No.  36.  Foreign  import  tariffs  on  fruits  and  nuts,  1903. 

No.  37.  Foreign  import  tariffs  on  grain  and  grain  products,  1903. 

Circulars. 

No.  1.  Peaches  and  other  fruits  in  England. 

No.  2.  American  dried  apples  in  the  German  Empire. 

No.  3.  Imports  and  exports  for  1893  and  1894. 

No.  4.  An  example  for  American  farmers  and  dairymen. 

No.  5.  The  treaty  of  Shimonoseki  between  China  and  Japan  of  April  17, 
1895,  and  our  possibilities  of  trade  with  those  countries. 

No.  6.  Imports  and  exports  for  1893,  1894,  and  1895. 

No.  7.  Extension  of  markets  for  American  feedstuffs. 

No.  8.  The  Manchester  district  of  England  as  a market  for  American 
products. 

No.  9.  Imports  and  exports  for  1893,  1894,  1895,  and  1896. 

No.  10.  Course  of  wheat  production  and  exportation  in  the  United  States, 
Canada,  Argentina,  Uruguay,  Russia,  and  British  India  from 
1880  to  1896. 

No.  11.  Agricultural  products  imported  and  exported  by  the  United  States 
in  the  years  ended  June  30,  1892,  to  1896,  inclusive. 

No.  12.  Sources  of  the  principal  agricultural  imports  of  the  United  States 
during  the  five  years  ended  June  30,  1896. 

No.  13.  Distribution  of  the  principal  agricultural  exports  of  the  United 
States  during  the  five  years  ended  June  30,  1896. 

No.  14.  Hamburg  as  a market  for  American  products. 

No.  15.  Exports  of  cotton  from  Egypt. 

No.  16.  Our  trade  with  Cuba  from  1887  to  1897. 

No.  17.  United  States  wheat  for  Eastern  Asia. 

No.  18.  Hawaiian  commerce  from  1887  to  1897. 

No.  19.  Austria-Hungary  as  a factor  in  the  world’s  grain  trade ; recent  use 
of  American  wheat  in  that  country. 

No.  20.  Agricultural  imports  and  exports,  1893-1897. 

No.  21.  Agricultural  imports  and  exports,  1894-1898. 

No.  22.  Agricultural  imports  and  exports,  1895-1899. 

No.  23.  Agricultural  imports  and  exports,  1896-1900. 

No.  24.  Agricultural  imports  and  exports,  1897-1901. 

No.  25.  Our  foreign  trade  in  agricultural  products,  1902. 

No.  26.  Belgium’s  foreign  trade  in  agricultural  products  for  1902. 


PART  II, 


SUBJECTS  INCLUDED  IN  THE  REPORTS  AND  RECORDS 
OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES,  1863-1920. 

KEY  TO  REFERENCES. 

Unless  otherwise  stated,  the  references  to  date  and  page  of  a publication  are 
for  the  Monthly  Crop  Reporter  (under  various  titles  in  different  periods. 
See  pp.  8 and  9.) 

“ Office  table  ”=table  on  file  in  the  Division  of  Crop  Records. 

“ Truck  Crop  Division  ”=files  of  the  truck  crop  section,  Bureau  Crop  Esti- 
mates. 

“ Yearbook  ”=U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Yearbook,  numbered. 

Bulletins  and  circulars  are  here  mentioned  by  number;  for  their  titles  and 
dates  of  publication  see  list  of  publications,  on  pages  3 — 13. 

The  regular  statistical  items  in  the  Monthly  Crop  Reporter  are  usually  sum- 
marized in  the  Yearbooks;  hence  for  most  of  these  regular  items  no  separate 
references  to  the  Yearbook  are  made  in  the  following  pages. 


Acreage. 

( For  further  details  see  each  crop. ) 

Aggregate : 

By  States : 1919  and  1917,  1918,  1919 ; March,  1920,  p.  25. 

In  United  States : 1909-1918 ; September,  1918,  p.  108 ; November,  1919, 

p.  116. 

Acres  per  man : United  States  and  Germany : January,  1913,  p.  4. 

Crops,  by  States: 

Since  1866,  barley,  buckwheat,  cotton,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  rye,  tobacco, 
wheat  (all). 

Since  1890,  spring  and  winter  wheat  separately. 

Since  1899,  sweet  potatoes. 

Since  1901,  sugar  beets. 

Since  1902,  flaxseed. 

Since  1904,  rice. 

Since  1910,  sorghum  for  sirup. 

Since  1912,  alfalfa,  clover,  and  wild  hay. 

Since  1914,  beans  (5  States),  cranberries  (3  States). 

Since  1915,  broom  corn  (5  States),  hemp  (2  States),  hops  (4  States), 
grain,  sorghums  (6  States),  truck  crops. 

Since  1916,  peanuts,  cowpeas. 

Since  1917,  soy  beans,  velvet  beans. 
iSince  1918,  sugar  cane. 

For  details  see  under  each  crop  in  this  index. 


14 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


15 


Acreage — Continued. 

Crops  in  foreign  countries: 

Bailej,  beans,  corn,  cotton,  flax,  oats,  hops,  peas,  potatoes,  rice,  rye, 
sugar  beets,  tobacco,  wheat : Yearbooks.  Dates  and  other  details 
are  given  under  each  crop  in  this  index.  All  countries  and  years 
reported,  in  original  and  United  States  units:  files  of  Division  of 
Crop  Records.  Current  data : in  Foreign  Crop  and  Live  Stock  Re- 
ports, semi-monthly  since  March,  1918. 

Alfalfa  (Hay). 

Acreage : 

Per  cent  of  all  hay,  by  States,  1918.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

Per  cent  of,  grown  in  each  State.  June,  1908,  p.  43. 

In  Kansas,  1909.  April,  1910,  p.  32. 

In  Nebraska,  1908-9.  April,  1910,  p.  30. 

Condition : By  States,  since  1906.  In  June  and  August. 

Crop: 

In  certain  States,  1900  to  1908.  Office  tables  7,  A and  B. 

In  Oklahoma,  1907.  March,  1909,  p.  24. 

Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States ; monthly  since  May,  1914.  Office  table  293-51. 
Wholesale,  at  St.  Louis ; monthly,  beginning  1898.  Office  table  93. 
Production,  by  States : 

Since  1915.  Usually  in  December;  preliminary  in  September  since 
1918. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906 ; usually  in  September. 
Increase  of,  in  certain  States.  January,  1909,  p.  8. 

In  Nebraska,  1908-9.  April,  1910,  p.  30. 

Seed  used  per  acre,  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1918 ; usually  in  September. 

In  Nebraska.  November,  1907,  p.  88. 

Alfalfa  (Seed). 

Adulteration.  March,  1909,  pp.  21-22 ; March,  1910,  pp.  21-22. 

Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  June,  1912.  Office  tables 
293-55  and  293-66. 

Paid  by  farmers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  June,  1912. 

Production : Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1912 ; usually  in  Oc- 
tober. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1912 ; usually  in  October. 

Apples. 

Acreage:  Commercial,  regional  distribution  (map).  Yearbook  1918  n 870 
Charts,  United  States : 

Average  yearly  production  of  leading  varieties  of  apples,  1909-1913. 
Relative  production  of  principal  varieties  of  apples,  1909-1913. 

Relative  production  of  early  and  of  late  varieties  of  apples  in  1915 
Quantity  of  apples  produced  by  States,  in  June,  July,  August  Sep- 
tember, October.  Office  table  286. 

Commercial : 

By  States.  Since  October,  1917 ; monthly,  July  to  November 
Production.  Since  1917,  in  December. 

Apple  movement,  1912.  May,  1913,  p.  39. 


16  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
Apples — Continued. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866,  in  June,  July,  August,  September,  Oc- 
tober, except  1879. 

Crop  of  the  United  States,  1899-1916  (chart).  April,  1917,  p.  29. 

Crop  disposition  and  value,  1915  and  1916.  April,  1917,  p.  33 ; April,  1916,  p.  35. 
Carried  on  railroads  and  boat  lines  in  United  States.  June  1-November 
30,  1914 ; June,  1915,  p.  4. 

Estimate  by  varieties.  September,  1916,  p.  93. 

Exports  (barrels),  1852-1910 ; 5-year  average,  1901  to  date.  Yearbook  1919, 
p.  701. 

Number  of  trees  of  bearing  age,  by  States.  Since  1914,  in  November. 
Percentage  of  late  crop  marketed.  Since  1915,  in  November. 

Price : 

December  1,  and  total  value,  by  States.  Since  1910. 

Monthly,  1st  of  month,  per  bushel  and  per  barrel.  Since  1916. 
Monthly,  15th  of  month,  per  bushel.  Since  January,  1910. 

Monthly,  15th  of  month,  per  barrel.  Since  October,  1913. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1889,  in  November. 

Compared  with  average,  United  States.  1909,  in  November;  also  10- 
year  average. 

Estimates  and  prices,  discussions.  1913,  in  June. 

Percentage  of  a full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1866,  in  November,  except 
1877-1881. 

And  exports,  1901-1915.  October,  1916,  p.  102. 

In  barrels,  estimated  by  States  and  geographic  divisions,  1889-1915. 
October,  1916,  p.  103. 

In  Washington,  1916  and  1917.  September,  1917,  p.  81. 

Relative,  by  principal  varieties.  Farmers’  Bulletin  No.  641,  pp.  16, 
17,  18,  and  19 ; also  Office  table  263. 

Quality : by  States.  Since  1909,  in  November. 

Shipments,  1911.  April,  1912,  p.  31.  * 

Shipped  out  of  county,  by  States.  Since  1914,  in  December. 

Special  commercial  report  of  barreled  and  boxed,  by  States.  August,  1918, 
p.  93. 

Regional  report.  1918  and  1919,  in  July  and  August. 

Apricots  (California). 

Condition.  Since  1911,  in  May,  June,  July,  and  August. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  ■crop.  Since  1911,  usually  in  September. 

Asparagus. 

Acreage,  percentage  of  total.  By  States ; October,  1906,  p.  42. 

Condition  by  States.  Since  April,  1915,  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Damage  by  blight,  by  States.  October,  1906,  p.  42. 

Production : 

Compared  with  average  United  States.  1906  to  1912,  usually  in 
November. 

Compared  with  full  crop,  by  States.  1906  to  1912,  usually  in  June. 

Asses. 

Number,  world : Yearbook  since  1905 ; office  table  262. 

Barley. 

Acreage  since  1866: 

By  States.  Usually  in  June ; revised  in  December. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


17 


1917-1919,  January,  1920,  p.  3.  Since  1905,  Depart- 


Barley — Continued. 

Foreign  countries, 
ment  Yearbooks. 

Conditions.  Since  1866,  by  States,  Juno  to  September,  inclusive. 
Consumption : 

By  classes  of  live  stock  for  United  States.  October,  1914,  p.  8,  August 
1919,  p.  77. 

Monthly,  on  farms,  in  United  States.  June,  1919,  p.  57. 

Per  capita  of  population,  United  States  and  some  foreign  countries. 
1902-1911,  October,  1918,  p.  24. 

Per  capita  of  population,  1809-1913  and  1914-1918.  Yearbook  1919 
Table  88. 

Damage  to  crops,  causes  of,  by  States,  since  1909.  June,  1912,  pp.  46  and  48 
Dates  of  sowing  and  harvesting  in  different  countries.  Office  table  No 
297-2. 

Harvesting : 

Per  cent  monthly,  for  United  States.  October,  1919,  p.  104. 

Methods  of,  by  States.  February,  1917,  p.  14. 


Bu.  Statistics  Bui.  85. 

monthly  since 
Monthly  since  1895;  office 

revised  in  December. 


Planting  dates  of,  by  States.  May,  1912,  p.  35 
Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States,  on  December  1,  since  1866 
January,  1908. 

Wholesale;  at  5 United  States  markets, 
table  294-3 ; also  Department  Yearbooks. 

Production : 

Since  1866,  by  States.  Usually  in  October,  ^euemueI- 

Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911,  each  month,  June  to 
September,  inclusive. 

In  foreign  countries.  Usually  once  a year,  or  oftener,  since  1891. 

Cost  of,  by  States,  1909.  October,  1911,  p.  80. 

Quality.  Since  1866,  except  in  1877-1881,  1885,  1890,  1891.  1893 ; by  States  • 
usually  in  October. 

Shipments  out  of  county  where  grown,  by  States.  Since  1910,  usually  in 
March.  J 

Seed  used  per  acre : 

In  the  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

In  foreign  countries.  April,  1915,  p.  11. 

Stocks  on  farms : 

By  States.  Since  1910,  March  and  August. 

Relative  stocks,  January  1,  1917,  and  1918.  May,  1918,  p.  52. 

Supply  and  distribution,  since  1910.  March,  1920,  p.  26 
Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December 

Weight  per  measured  bushel,  by  States.  Since  1910,  usually  in  October 
Yield  per  acre : 

Since  1866,  by  States.  Usually  in  October ; revised  in  December 
Annual  changes  in  United  States.  Since  1866.  January,  1919  p.  3. 
L™  reP°rted  “ United  States.  August.  1916,  p.  76,  and  January, 

1018,  p.  2. 

In  nine  foreign  countries,  since  1890.  Office  table  No.  312-2-  also 
Yearbooks. 

Eq^uivaient  to  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Once  a year  since 


14920 °—20- 


18  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Beans  (Dry,  Edible). 

Acreage : 

By  (5)  States.  Since  1914,  usually  in  July;  revised  in  December. 
Abandoned  in  principal  States,  1917.  April,  1918,  p.  39. 

Commercial,  by  States.  August,  1915,  p.  37. 

In  principal  States,  by  varieties.  September,  1919,  p.  87 ; April,  1918, 
p.  39 ; August,  1917,  p.  70 ; also  Yearbook  1918,  table  287. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1906,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener. 
Condition,  by  States.  Since  1909,  usually  in  July,  August,  and  September. 
Crop : 

In  Michigan.  1902  to  1906,  usually  in  December,  March,  ur  April. 

In  United  States,  by  States,  1899.  August,  1902,  p.  6. 

In  certain  States.  December,  1901,  p.  4 ; March,  1902,  p.  3 ; April,  1902, 
p.  7 ; April,  1903,  p.  2. 

Discussion  of  United  States  crop.  December,  1901,  pp.  4-5. 

Prices : 

To  producers.  By  (5)  States,  on  December  1 since  1914;  by  States, 
monthly  since  January,  1910. 

Wholesale  at  3 United  States  markets.  Office  table  294-15. 

Production : 

By  (5)  States.  Since  1914,  usually  in  December. 

By  States,  1867-1918,  office  table  383. 

By  States  and  types,  1917.  April,  1918,  p.  39. 

Forecast  from  condition  by  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  July,  August, 
September,  and  October. 

Compared  with  average.  Since  1910,  usually  in  November  or  December. 
Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  October  or 
November. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1906,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener. 
Quality,  commercial  crop,  by  States.  August,  1915,  p.  37. 

Seed  used  per  acre  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  On  December  1 since  1914. 

Varieties : 

Acreage  or  relative  importance,  by  States.  August,  1917,  p.  70;  April, 
1918,  p.  39 ; September,  1919,  p.  87. 

Commercial  crop,  by  States.  August,  1915,  p.  37. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  principal  States.  April,  1918,  p.  39. 

Commercial  crop,  by  States.  August,  1915,  p.  37. 

Beans  (Green  or  Snap) 

Acreage : 

Contracted  for  by  canneries,  by  States,  1916-17.  August,  1917,  p.  76. 
For  canning,  by  States.  Since  1918,  in  June  and  October  (Truck  Crop 
Division). 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  April,  1915.  Twice  a month  during  season  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Canning  crop,  by  States.  Since  August,  1916,  twice  a month  during 
season  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  Office  table  273-2. 
Production,  canning  crop,  by  States.  Since  1919,  usually  in  October  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Special  Report,  prices  and  value  of  canning  crop,  March  16,  1920.  On  file 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 


STATISTICAL.  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  19 

Beans  (Lima). 

Acreage,  per  cent  in  each  State.  July,  1908,  p.  45. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1007,  June  to  September,  inclusive. 

Crop:  In  California.  September,  1902,  p.  5.  (For  recent  years  see  Agricut- 
ture  statistician’s  reports.) 

Production : 

Compared  with  average.  1909  to  1913,  usually  in  November 
Compared  with  full  crop,  by  States.  1907  to  1913,  usually  in  October. 
Per  cent  of  full  crop,  in  California.  Since  1907,  except  1915,  usually 
m October.  J 

By  States,  1914.  October,  1914,  p.  26. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States,  1914.  October,  1914,  p.  26. 

Bees. 

N^b.er  0f  colonies>  condition  of  bees,  condition  of  nectar  plants,  May  1, 
914,  compared  with  former  year.  Farmers’  Bulletin  598,  p.  17,  and  fol- 
lowing in  May. 

See  also  “ Honey.” 

Beets. 

Condition  by  States.  Since  April,  1915,  usually  twice  a month  during  sea- 
son.  (Truck  Crop  Division.) 

Seed  used  per  acre,  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Blackberries  and  Raspberries. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  in  June  and  July 
Production : 

By  States,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1906,  in  August 
Compared  with  average.  United  States.  1910,  in  November. 

Blue  Grass. 

Crops f011 ' See<1  Cr°P’  ^ Stat6S'  SinCe  19°6’  June  t0  August’  inclusive. 

Of  Kentucky.  July,  1917,  p.  60. 

United  States.  July,  1902,  p.  6 

P^rf  September.  ^ ^ by  States’  Si“<*  “06,  “sually 

Seed,  adulteration.  May,  1913,  p.  37. 

Broom  Corn. 

Acreage : 

Five  States.  Since  1915,  in  December. 

In  Kansas,  1909.  May,  1910,  p.  32. 

In  Argentina.  February,  1919,  p.  11 

Brooms  and  brushes  industry,  1909  and  1914.  Office  table  361  (census 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  monthly,  July  to  September. 

Consumption  and  surplus : 

World.  November,  1900,  p.  5. 

On  Argentina.  February,  1919,  p.  11 
Crop : 

Up!tei02StateS’  °Ct0ber’ 1904’  P‘  38 ; N0Vt'mher-  1905-  P-  37;  March,  1906, 

United  States  (commercial  estimates),  November,  1906,  p.  50. 

United  States  (commercial  estimates),  1901-2.  November  1902  n 8 
In  Kansas  and  Oklahoma,  1906-7.  December,  1907,  p.  102,  and  Feb- 
ruary,  1909,  p.  9;  November,  1905,  p.  62. 

In  Illinois.  July,  1901,  p.  2. 


20  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Broom  Corn— Continued. 

Prices  to  producers,  by  States.  On  December  1,  since  1915 ; monthly  since 
January,  1910.  Office  tables  266  and  293-56. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

Forecast  from  condition  by  States.  Since  1918,  in  July,  August,  Sep- 
tember. 

Per  cent  of  average  crop  in  United  States.  November,  1912,  p.  81. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  October. 

In  Kansas,  1909.  May,  1910,  p.  32. 

In  Argentina.  February,  1919,  p.  11. 

Seed  used  per  acre,  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1915,  in  December. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1911,  usually  in  October ; revised  in  December. 

Per  cent  of  average  crop.  November,  1912,  p.  81. 

Brussels  Sprouts. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915,  usually  twice  a month  during  sea- 
son (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Buckwheat. 

Acreage,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  August ; revised  in  December. 
Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866  in  October  and  1867  in  August  and 
September. 

Harvesting,  dates  of,  for  United  States.  October,  1919,  p.  104. 

Planting,  dates  of,  by  States.  May,  1912,  p.  35. 

Prices  to  producers,  by  States.  On  December  1 since  1866;  monthly  since 
January,  1908. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  J866,  usually  in  November;  revised  in  December. 
Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911  in  August,  September, 
October. 

Quality,  by  States  Since  1882,  except  in  1883,  1890,  1892,  usually  in 
November. 

Seed  used  per  acre,  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Stocks  on  farms,  relative  stocks ; January  1.  1917  and  1918.  May,  1918, 
p.  52. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  November ; revised  in  December. 
Changes  in  United  States  since  1866.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 

Equivalent  to  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Usually  once  a year 
since  1911. 

Buffaloes. 

Number,  world : Yearbook  since  1905 ; office  table  262. 

Butter. 

Prices : 

Farm,  United  States,  by  States,  first  of  month,  since  1909.  Commencing 
March,  1909 ; also  Yearbook  of  department. 

Wholesale,  monthly  range  on  specified  markets,  1895.  Since  1899, 
monthly ; Yearbook  since  1900.  Office  table  294-21. 

Wholesale,  on  some  markets  since  about  1865.  Report  of  statistician. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


21 


Butter — Continued. 

Receipts : 

Yearly,  on  specified  markets,  averages  1891-95,  1906-1910,  and  1901  to 
date.  Yearbook,  1918,  p.  608,  and  yearly. 

Monthly,  on  specified  markets,  January  1,  1912.  October,  1912. 

Cabbage. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  November,  1915,  p.  73. 

Commercial,  Southern  States.  April,  1917,  p.  33 ; January,  1920,  p.  4. 
Commercial,  in  important  States.  January,  1916,  p.  5 ; September,  1919, 
p.  87. 

Commercial,  harvested,  in  important  States.  September,  1916,  p.  92; 
December,  1916,  p.  122. 

Commercial,  in  important  States.  Since  November,  1914;  usually  in 
February,  March,  April,  August,  October,  and  December  (Truck  Crop 
Division). 

For  kraut,  by  States,  1915-1918.  February,  1917,  p.  18 ; March,  1918, 
p.  25 ; July,  1918,  p.  81. 

For  kraut,  by  States.  Since  J anuary,  1917 ; usually  in  August,  Septem- 
ber, December  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

In  certain  States,  1913-14.  December,  1914,  pp.  11-12. 

Percentage  in  certain  States.  October,  1908,  p.  76. 

Condition  : 

By  States.  Since  1906,  June  to  September,  inclusive. 

Commercial,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915 ; usually  twice  a month  dur- 
ing season  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

In  Florida.  Since  1909 ; usually  in  May  and  November. 

In  Florida.  Since  1912,  in  March  and  April. 

Kraut  crop,  by  States.  Since  August,  1916 ; usually  twice  a month 
during  season  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  Office  table  273-2. 

Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  January,  1910. 

Wholesale,  at  three  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1911.  Office 
table  294-28. 

Price  and  value : 

Special  Reports.  Jan.  27,  1920  (Truck  Crop  Division  Weekly  News, 
Jan.  26,  1920). 

Special  Reports,  kraut  crop.  Apr.  13,  1920  (Truck  Crop  Division 
Weekly  Crop  and  Market  Review). 

Production : 

By  States  and  counties.  November,  1915,  p.  73;  September,  1916,  p. 
92;  December,  1916,  p.  122. 

Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  1917,  September,  October,  No- 
vember. 

Commercial,  by  States.  Since  November,  1914 ; usually  in  August,  re- 
vised in  December  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

For  kraut,  by  States.  March,  1918,  p.  25. 

For  kraut,  by  States.  Since  January,  1918;  usually  in  December 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

In  certain  States.  December,  1914,  pp.  11-12. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906 ; usually  in  October. 


22 


DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Cabbage — Continued. 

Shipped  out  of  county  where  grown,  by  States  and  varieties.  January, 
1916,  p.  5. 

Varieties,  per  cent  of  crop,  by  States.  January,  1916,  p.  5. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1911 ; usually  in  October  or  December. 

Calves. 

Prices : 

Farm,  per  100  pounds,  15th  of  month,  by  States.  Since  February  15, 
1910. 

Monthly  trend,  per  100  pounds,  to  producers,  average  1910-1914.  Chart, 
July,  1915,  p.  8. 

Wholesale,  on  prominent  markets  of  specified  countries  in  specified 
years.  Bui.  109. 

Receipts : 

Yearly,  1900-1913,  at  principal  markets.  Farmers’  Bulletin  575,  p.  12. 

and  usually  thereafter  in  January  or  February.  Office  table  246. 
Monthly  at  specified  markets,  1911-1913.  June,  1913,  p.  45. 

Camels. 

Number,  world.  Yearbook  since  1905. 

Cantaloupes. 

Acreage : 

1915  and  1916,  6 States.  1910,  in  August,  p.  80. 

Commercial,  7 States,  1917  and  1918.  1918,  in  July. 

Estimate  of  commercial,  14  States,  1915-1917.  June,  1916,  p.  53;  June, 
1917,  p.  51. 

Production,  commercial,  12  States,  1916;  forecast  1917.  July,  1917. 
p.  65. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  in  May,  June,  July,  and  August. 

Per  cent  of  United  States  acreage  in  State,  by  States.  August,  1908,  p.  60 
(based  on  1900  census). 

Per  cent  harvested,  April-September,  by  States.  June,  1916,  p.  53. 
Planting  dates  and  harvest,  etc.,  by  months  and  by  States.  Office  table 
273-2. 

Production : 

Compared  with  average,  United  States.  Since  1910,  in  November. 
Percentage  of  a full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  in  September. 

Cantaloupes  (California  and  Florida) 

Condition.  Since  1906,  in  May,  June,  July,  and  August. 

Production,  compared  with  a full  crop.  1912,  in  September. 

Carrots. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915 ; twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Cattle. 

Birth  rate  per  1,000,  average  monthly.  February,  1913,  p.  14. 

Condition,  since  1889,  with  1898  and  1902  missing.  April  since  1903. 

Losses,  since  1884,  with  1915  missing.  Bulletin  109  and  April  since  1903. 
Industry,  changes  in,  January  1,  1919,  compared  with  1920.  July,  1920, 
p.  69. 

Number  (other  than  milch  cows),  average  price,  and  total  value,  in  United 
States,  by  States,  on  January  1.  Since  1867. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  23 

Cattle — Continued. 

Number  (including  milch  cows  )on  farms,  by  geographic  divisions,  from 
1840.  Report  109  and  office  table  358. 

Number,  world : Report  109 ; Yearbook  since  1905 ; office  tables  262  and  403. 

Number  in  foreign  countries,  recent  estimate  and  before  the  war.  February, 
1918,  p.  16 ; office  table  323. 

Number  (except  calves)  slaughtered  at  principal  places,  1884-1914.  Report 
109,  p.  307. 

Population  and  beef  cattle  compared,  east  and  west,  United  States,  1919, 
1910,  1900,  1890.  1880.  October,  1919,  p.  101. 

Prices  : 

Farm,  per  100  pounds,  United  States,  by  States ; beginning  January, 
1910,  monthly. 

Monthly  trend  to  producers,  per  100  pounds,  average  1910-1914.  Chart, 
July  15,  1915,  p.  8. 

Monthly  wholesale,  on  specified  markets,  since  1896.  Yearbook  1900. 
Table  294-20. 

Wholesale,  on  prominent  markets  in  specified  countries  in  specified 
years.  Report  109. 

Other  than  milch  cows,  estimated  averages  for  the  United  States,  by 
ages  or  classes  on  January  1,  1911-1917.  January,  1917,  p.  11,  and 
yearly  thereafter  in  February. 

Proportion  of  total  belonging  to  different  breeds  in  the  United  States,  by 
States.  June,  1920,  p.  53. 

Receipts : 

Yearly,  at  specified  markets,  1900.  Commencing  February,  1911,  Year- 
book; office  table  246. 

Monthly,  at  specified  markets.  June,  1913,  p.  45,  and  following  in 
June. 

Value,1  aggregate,  United  States,  by  States,  comparisons,  1917,  1918,  and 
average  1912-1916.  February,,  1918,  p.  16,  and  following  in  February. 

Cauliflower. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  April,  1915;  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

In  California.  Since  1912,  in  March. 

Production,  per  cent  of  full  crop,  in  California.  Since  1912,  usually  in  May. 

Celery. 

Acreage : 

By  (5)  States  and  counties,  1915-16.  November,  1916,  p.  116. 

By  States.  Since  October,  1918 ; usually  in  March,  August,  September, 
and  December  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

In  California : 1916-17  and  1917-18 ; November,  1917,  p.  109. 

Carloads  : 

Standard  in  California.  November,  1917,  p.  109. 

By  States.  Since  April,  1915;  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Condition,  in  California,  since  1912.  In  March. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  Office  table  273-2. 


Includes  hogs  and  sheep. 


24  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Celery — Continued. 

Production : 

By  States.  October  and  December,  1919  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  in  California.  Since  1912,  usually  in  April. 

Cheese. 

Number  of  factories  and  output.  May,  1910,  p.  2. 

Number  of  factories  in  State  of  Washington.  May,  1901,  p.  7. 

Prices,  range  of  on  specified  markets,  since  1895.  June,  1899,  and  monthly ; 
Yearbook  since  1900;  on  some  markets  since  about  1865;  Report  of 
Statistician. 

Production,  annual,  in  United  States,  January,  1901,  p.  7. 

Clover  (Hay). 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1912,  usually  in  August. 

Per  cent  of  preceding  crop,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  June. 
Sown  with  winter  wheat.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

Per  cent  of  United  States  total  grown  in  each  State.  June,  1908,  p.  43. 
In  foreign  countries  1910-1912.  Office  table  260. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  June  or  July. 

Prices  paid  to  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  May,  1914. 

Production  : 

By  States.  Since  1912,  usually  in  September;  since  1915,  revised  in 
December. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  August. 

Of  clover  and  timothy,  by  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

In  foreign  countries.  Office  table  260. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1877,  usually  in  August. 

Seed  used  per  acre  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Varieties : 

Red,  principal  growing  regions,  etc.,  September,  1915,  p.  50. 

Alsike,  principal  growing  regions.  February,  1917,  p.  17. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1912,  usually  in  August. 

Clover  (Seed). 

Adulteration.  March,  1909,  pp.  21-22.  March,  1910,  pp.  21-22. 

Acreage,  per  cent  of  preceding  crop,  by  States.  Since  1892,  usually  in 
September. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1904  in  September ; since  1913  in  October. 
Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  January,  1910. 

Paid  by  farmers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  June,  1912. 

Wholesale,  at  four  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1896;  office 
table  294-8 ; also  Yearbooks. 

Production,  per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  Novem- 
ber. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1911,  usually  in  November. 

Cold  Storage. 

Time,  costs,  etc.  Bureau  of  Statistics  Bulletins,  93,  101. 

Condition.  (For  further  details  see  each  crop.) 

Monthly  during  season.  Since  1866:  Apples,  barley,  buckwheat,  corn,  cot- 
ton. hay,  grapes,  oats,  peaches,  pears,  potatoes,  sorghum  for  sirup, 
tobacco,  wheat. 

Since  1867  : Hops,  sugar  cane. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


25 


Condition — Continued. 

Monthly  during  season — Continued. 

Since  1868 : Sweet  potatoes. 

Since  1882 : Meadows,  pastures. 

Since  1894 : Rice. 

Since  1903 : Flaxseed. 

Since  1904 : Clover  seed. 

Since  1906:  Alfalfa,  blackberries,  broom  corn,  cabbage,  canteloupes, 
cranberries,  field  beans,  field  peas,  hemp,  lemons,  millet,  onions, 
oranges,  peanuts,  raspberries,  sugar  beets,  tomatoes,  watermelons. 
Since  1907  : Grapefruit,  lima  beans,  limes,  pineapples,  strawberries. 
Since  1911 : Almonds,  apricots,  olives,  prunes,  walnuts. 

Since  1912 : Cauliflower. 

Composite  estimate  of  all  important  crops  since  1910,  monthly  during  grow- 
ing season. 

Interpretation  of  condition  estimates  in  items  of  quantities  (equivalents  of 
100  per  cent  of  normal)  : December,  1909,  pp.  86-87  ; July,  1911,  pp.  53-55  ; 
and  once  a year  since  1911. 

Consumption  (of  Farm  Products). 

Per  capita : 

United  States,  normal  consumption  of  miscellaneous  articles.  Office 
tables  379,  309. 

United  States  and  foreign  countries,  cereals.  Office  tables  388,  239 
239A. 

United  States  and  foreign  countries,  meats,  etc.  Office  tables  347,  348. 
United  States  and  foreign  countries,  sugar.  Office  tables  319,  324,  378-3 
384. 

Wheat,  United  States,  1909-1920.  Office  table  405. 

Other  articles  (see  each  article). 

Cordwood. 

Consumption,  on  farms.  March,  1917,  p.  24;  January,  1918,  p 4;  March 
1919,  p.  32. 

Com  (Field). 

Acreage : 

By  States,  since  1866.  Usually  in  July ; revised  in  December. 

Foreign  countries.  Since  1904,  Yearbook ; office  table  325-2. 

Condition.  Since  1866,  in  July,  August,  October;  since  1867,  in  September, 
except  1877  to  1881. 

Consumption : 

By  brewers,  1915-1918.  November,  1918,  p.  135. 

By  classes  of  live  stock.  August,  1919,  p.  77 ; October,  1914,  pp.  8-9. 
Monthly  on  farms.  June,  1919,  p.  57. 

In  towns  and  on  farms,  by  uses.  June,  1917,  p.  50. 

Per  capita  of  population,  United  States  and  foreign  countries,  1902-1911, 
October,  1918,  p.  124 ; and  1909-1913  and  1914-1918,  Yearbook  1919^ 
Table  88. 

Damage  to  crop: 

Causes  and  amount,  1909-1918.  November,  1919,  p.  117. 

Causes  of  1909-1911.  June,  1912,  pp.  46-48. 

By  frost,  since  1909.  November,  1915,  p.  68;  December,  1915,  p.  82; 
October,  917,  p.  101;  November,  1917,  pp.  110-111;  November,  1919, 
p.  117. 


14920°— 20 4 


26  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OE  AGRICULTURE. 

Corn  (Field) — Continued. 

Harvesting,  date  of : 

By  State.  January,  1912,  pp.  4-5;  Bureau  of  Statistics  Bulletin  85. 
Methods  of.  November,  1918,  p.  140. 

Per  cent  monthly.  October,  1919;  p.  104. 

For  silos.  July,  1915,  p.  4. 

Marketings  monthly  from  farms.  Since  1914,  in  October. 

Merchantable  per  cent.  Since  1884,  usually  in  March. 

Planting,  dates  of: 

By  States.  May,  1912,  p.  35;  June,  1915,  p.  5 (chart.)  Bureau  of 
Statistics  Bulletin  85;  April,  1913,  p.  32  (map). 

Per  cent  of  replanting  required.  June,  1918,  p.  64. 

Prices : 

Corn  and  hog  compared,  1910-1916.  September,  1916,  p.  86  (chart)  and 
usually  each  year  since. 

Geographic  phases,  Department  Bulletin  696. 

To  producers,  by  States,  on  December  1.  , Since  1866,  monthly  since 
January,  1908. 

Trend  of  1908-9  to  1914-15.  October,  1915,  p.  61. 

Wholesale.  At.  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1865.  Office 
table  294 ; also  Yearbooks. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  November ; revised  in  December. 
Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911  each  month,  July  to 
October,  inclusive. 

In  foreign  countries.  Usually  once  a year  or  oftener,  since  1895. 

, Cost  of,  by  States,  1909.  April,  1911,  p.  30. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  November,  except  1877-1881, 
1883,  1890,  1893. 

Seed: 

Deficiency  and  surplus  in  1918  in  Central  States.  March,  1918,  p.  29 
(with  map). 

Testing  and  germination.  June,  1918,  p.  64. 

Used  per  acre  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Shipments  out  of  county  where  grown,  by  States,  since  1910,  usually  in 
March. 

Stocks  on  farms, 

* By  States,  since  1883,  usually  in  March,  and  since  1896,  usually  in 
November. 

Relative  stocks,  January  1,  1917,  and  1918.  May,  1918,  p.  52. 

Supply  and  distribution,  since  1897.  March,  1920,  p.  26. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States,  since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Varieties,  per  cent  of  crop,  by  States,  since  1915,  usually  once  each  year. 

(1917-18,  Feb.,  1919,  p.  21.) 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States: 

Since  1866,  usually  in  November.  Revised  in  December. 

Annual  changes  in  United  States  since  1866.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 
Equivalent  to  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Usually  once  a year 
since  1911. 

In  foreign  countries  since  1890.  Office  table  312 ; also  Yearbooks. 
Largest  reported  in  United  States.  January,  1918,  p.  2. 

See  also  “ Freight  Charges.” 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  27 

Corn  (Pop). 

Acreage,  by  States,  1909.  Office  table  230  (Thirteenth  Census  data). 

arms  growing  pop  corn  in  1909,  by  States.  Office  table  230  (Thirteenth 
Census  data). 

PonoSi?  producers>  by  States.  Monthly  since  November,  1912;  Office  table 
293-07. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  1909.  Office  table  230  (Thirteenth  Census 

CIStcl ) . 

Com  (Sweet). 

Acreage  for  canning: 

1913-1915.  July , 1915,  p.  11 ; 1917-18 ; Yearbook.  1919,  Table  184. 

By  States,  1915-1917.  February,  1916,  p.  17;  December,  1916,  122* 
August,  1917,  p.  76.  ’ 

Since  1915,  usually  in  September  and  October  (Truck  Crop  Division). 
Condition  for  canning : ’ ' 

Since  August,  1916;  usually  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck  Crop 
Division).  1 

Slrhvi^on)1,  1915  ’ USUally  twice  a montl1  during  season  (Truck  Crop 
Packed : 

In  United  States,  1904-1908.  Office  table  25-B. 

In  United  States  and  Canada,  1903-1905.  January,  1904,  p.  71*  De- 
cember, 1904,  p.  65;  February,  1915,  p.  84.  ’ 

In  Minnesota.  January,  1908,  p.  8.' 

Prices : 

A March  ^ SPeClal  reP°rt  ^ TrUCk  Cl'°P  DIvision’ 

“g6'  °f  c4nned-  at  New  by  months  since  1912.  Office  table 

Production,  for  canning: 

Since  1917.  Usually  in  October  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

1917-18.  Yearbook,  1919,  p.  184. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting  and  per  cent  planted  and  harvested  each 
month,  by  States.  Office  table  273-2. 

^ 4,l1920  Cr°P  f°r  Canning-  SpeCial  report  by  Truck  Cr°P  division,  March 

Cotton. 

Acreage  : 

Abandoned.  Since  1900,  in  December 

^December.011  * ****  ^ 1866’  in  JuIy>  * 

Harvested,  by  States,  1910-1919.  Yearbook  1919,  Table  126. 

SejulyIai919ap<167SJPtian’  ^ Stat6S’  1917  1919-  AuSust.  1918,  p.  87; 
Also  production  in  Arizona,  1913-1919.  Office  table  393  (chart). 
In^a^ookC°UntIaeS*  USUaHy  °nCe  a year  or  oftener  since  1911 ; also 

In  Imperial  Valley  (Mexican  only),  1914-15.  November,  1915  p 73 
(later  years  with  United  States  data). 

Per  cent  of  land  area,  by  States.  April,  1910,  p 30 
Commercial  movement,  1895-1903.  Division  Statistics  circulars  4,  6,  7,  8 9- 
and  Division  Statistics  bulletins  17,  19,  28  34.  ’ ’ 


28  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Cotton — Continued. 

Condition  by  States.  Since  1866  in  August ; since  1867  in  July  and  Septem- 
ber ; since  1871  in  June ; since  1919  in  October. 

Consumption : 

United  States  and.  Canada.  January,  1915,  p.  13. 

In  United  States  and  changes  in.  November,  1914,  p.  11. 

Damage,  causes,  and  extent: 

By  States.  1909,  June  12,  p.  46. 

1909-18.  August,  1919,  p.  75. 

Disposal,  monthly  by  producers,  by  States.  October,  1916,  p.  99;  August, 
1915,  p.  32. 

Estimates  compared  with  ginning  report  of  Bureau  of  the  Census,  1900- 
1901  to  1915-16.  June,  1916,  p.  58. 

Estimates  of  acreage,  condition  and  production  compared  to  census  report, 
1910-1918.  Office  table  373. 

Fertilizer : 

Commercial,  sold  in  Cotton  States,  1914-1916.  July,  1916,  p.  69 ; July, 
1915,  p.  5. 

Cost  and  quantity  per  acre,  by  States.  June,  1917,  p.  50. 

Kinds,  quantity  per  acre,  proportion  of  fields  receiving,  by  State. 
August,  1917,  p.  77 ; October,  1916,  p.  100. 

Freight  rates: 

From  United  States  ports  to  Liverpool.  Monthiy  quotations  since  1905. 
Office  table  288-A. 

Ocean,  1910-1915.  December,  1915,  p.  80. 

Over  various  ocean  routes.  Since  1881.  Office  table  288-B. 

Harvesting  (see  picking). 

Lint,  length  of,  by  varieties,  by  States,  1915-16.  June,  1917,  pp.  52-53 
(general  discussion,  including  prices,  proportions,  varieties,  yields,  etc.)  ; 
June,  1920,  p.  52.  Department  Bulletin  733. 

Planting : 

Dates  of  by  States.  May,  1912,  p.  35. 

Normal  period,  by  States.  June,  1915,  7 (chart). 

Picking:  Normal  period,  by  States.  June,  1915,  p.  7 (chart). 

Prices : 

In  United  States  (farm,  New  York,  or  export  prices).  Since  1790. 
Office  table  294-10. 

To  producers,  by  States.  On  December  1,  since  1876,  excepting  1877 
and  1881 ; monthly  since  January,  1908.  Office  table  293-10. 

To  producers,  long  staple,  short  staple,  and  Sea  Island  compared,  by 
States,  1915-16.  June,  1917,  p.  53. 

To  producers,  yearly  weighted  average,  United  States  and  States,  1915- 
1918.  July,  1919,  p.  65. 

To  producers,  in  United  States,  1869  to  1910.  December,  1910,  p.  94. 
Middling  at  New  York,  1870-1909  (New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce). 
Office  table  97. 

Spot  prices  of  middling  upland  at  New  Orleans,  New  York,  and  Liver- 
pool. October,  1915,  p.  61. 

Paid  for  picking,  by  States.  October,  1918,  p.  128. 

Wholesale,  at  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1891.  Office  table 
294^10;  Yearbooks. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


29 


Cotton — Continued. 

Production — Continued. 

Cost  of,  by  States,  Division  Statistics  bulletin  16.  November,  1914,  pp. 
12-14. 

Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911,  each  month,  June  to 
October,  inclusive. 

Also  acreage  in  Arizona,  1913-1919.  Office  table  398  (chart). 

Of  lint,  by  States,  1910-1919.  Yearbook  1919,  table  127  (Bureau  of 
Census  data). 

Of  long  staple,  by  States  and  counties.  June,  1916,  pp.  50-51. 

Of  linters.  August,  1915,  p.  34. 

In  foreign  countries.  Usually  once  a year  or  oftener  since  1900;  also 
Yearbook. 

In  foreign  countries,  1914-1919.  Office  table  393. 

In  foreign  countries,  expenditures  for  promotion  of.  April,  1913,  p.  30. 
Per  cent  of  long  staple,  short  staple,  and  Sea  Island  by  States.  June 
1917,  pp.  52-53. 

Per  cent  of  “ world  ” crop  produced  in  United  States,  1900-1909.  May, 

1911,  p.  37. 

Snapped  and  body,  by  States,  1917.  October,  1918,  pp.  120-121. 

And  Prices,  1791-1895.  Division  Statistics  bulletin  9. 

Prices  and  exports,  1790-1911.  Bureau  Statistics  circular  32. 

Seed : 

Requirements,  by  States.  Office  table,  313-9. 

Used  per  acre.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

States : 

Agricultural  products  shipped  into.  December,  1914,  pp.  12-13. 

Fall  seedlings  in.  January,  1915,  pp.  7-8. 

Production  of  agricultural  products  (discussion).  December  1914 
pp.  12-13. 

Stocks  at  interior  towns,  1902-1907.  Several  times  each  year  at  irregular 
intervals  (commercial  estimates). 

Supply  and  distribution,  1881-1913.  November,  1914,  pp.  9-12. 

Varieties,  length  of  staple  by  States  producing,  1915-16,  June,  1917  np 
52-53. 

Value  on  farms: 

In  United  States  1790-1905.  March,  1907,  pp.  18-19. 

By  States,  since  1876,  excepting  1877  and  1881.  Usually  in  December 
Per  acre,  1899,  1909,  1910,  1911.  December,  1912,  p.  92. 

Weight  per  bale,  in  United  States,  1790-1905.  March,  1907,  pp.  18-19. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States,  since  1866.  Usually  in  December. 

Annual  changes  in  United  States  since  1866.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 
Equivalent  of  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condiiton.  Once  a year  since 
1911. 

Increase  of,  in  South  Carolina.  August,  1915,  p.  37. 

Largest  reported  in  United  States.  January,  1918,  pp.  2-4. 

Lint  by  States,  1915-16.  June,  1917,  p.  58. 

Cotton  Seed. 

Consumption  of  meal  in  Southern  States,  1904-1908.  Office  Table  51. 

Crushed : 

In  United  States,  August,  1915,  p.  34 ; October,  1903,  p.  48. 

For  oil,  in  United  States,  1918-19.  September,  1919,  p.  92. 


30  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Cotton  Seed — Continued. 

Crushing  establishments,  number  of  in  United  States,  by  States,  1911-12. 
April,  1913,  p.  29. 

Crushing  industry,  growth  of  in  United  States.  September,  1912,  p.  67. 
Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  September,  1910. 

To  producers,  yearly  average  price,  by  States,  1915-1918.  July,  1919, 
p.  65. 

Paid  by  farmers  for  hulls,  by  States.  Monthly  since  February,  1915. 
Paid  by  farmers  for  meal,  by  States.  Monthly  since  January,  1910. 

At  Memphis,  Tenn.,  1896-1912,  and  at  specified  cities,  1904-1911.  Office 
Table  340. 

Wholesale  for  oil  at  New  York  since  1891  and  at  Chicago  since  1902. 
Office  Table  294-38. 

Production,  by  States,  1910-1919.  January,  1920,  p.  1. 

Value,  by  States,  1910-1919.  January,  1920,  p.  1. 

Value  on  farms.  December  1,  1918. 

Cowpeas. 

Acreage : 

By  States,  since  1916.  Usually  in  December. 

By  States.  July,  1918,  p.  78. 

For  forage,  by  States,  1918-19.  February,  1920,  p.  11. 

For  grain,  by  States,  1917-1919.  February,  1920,  p.  12. 

Harvested  for  grain,  hay,  hogged  off,  etc.,  1917.  May,  1918,  p.  49 ; 1906  - 
1908,  in  November. 

Planted  with  other  crops,  1917.  May,  1918,  p.  49. 

Comments,  general  discussion,  etc.  February,  1916,  p.  19 ; October,  1917,  p. 

100 ; May,  1918,  p.  48. 

Conditions : 

By  States,  1906-1914.  Usually  in  July,  August,  September,  October. 

In  Florida,  1906-1914.  May  to  October. 

Consumption,  for  various  purposes,  by  States.  February,  1916,  p.  19. 

Crop  in  Oklahoma,  1907.  March,  1920,  p.  24. 

Prices  to  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  January,  1913. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  February,  1916,  p.  19. 
Production : 

By  States,  since  1917.  Usually  in  December. 

Of  forage,  by  States,  1906-1914.  Usually  in  November. 

Of  grain,  by  States,  1917-1919;  February,  1920.  p.  12;  1912-13;  1906- 
1914.  Usually  in  November. 

Density  of  (chart),  May,  1918,  p.  48. 

Per  cent  of  crop  by  States,  1913. 

Seed  germination,  by  States  and  varieties,  in  1907.  July,  1907,  p.  55. 

Seed  used  per  acre,  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Value  on  farms,  United  States,  December  1,  1917-1919.  Usually  in  De- 
cember. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States,  since  1917.  Usually  in  December. 

Of  forage,  by  States,  1918-19.  February,  1920,  p.  11. 

Of  grain,  by  States,  1917-1919.  February,  1920,  p.  12. 

In  important  States.  February,  1916,  p.  19. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CKOP  ESTIMATES. 


31 


Cranberries. 

Acreage  (3  States).  Since  1914,  in  December. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  in  September  and  October. 

Estimated  commercial  crop  of  the  United  States,  in  bushels,  by  'the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry  Growers’  Association,  1895-1903.  Crop  Report,  March, 
1904,  p.  92. 

Percentage  of  United  States  acreage,  in  States  (based  on  Census  of  1900). 

October,  1908,  p.  76 ; September,  1908,  p.  68. 

Prices  (3  States),  December  1.  Since  1914. 

Production : 

Three  States.  Since  1914,  in  December. 

Compared  with  average,  United  States,  1912,  in  November. 

Percentage  of  a full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  in  November. 

Quality.  Since  1910,  in  November. 

Yield  per  acre.  Since  1911,  in  November,  except  1913. 

Cream  Separators. 

Number,  in  Kansas,  1914-1917.  May,  1918,  p.  53. 

Crop  Reporters. 

Number  and  distribution  (map).  October,  1916,  p.  105. 

Percentage  reporting,  1912-1917.  August,  1917,  p.  74. 

Crop  Reports. 

Area  covered  by  correspondents.  April,  1917,  p.  32. 

Errors  in.  March,  1919,  p.  31, 

Foreign.  (See  individual  crops,  etc.) 

Help  to  farmers.  September,  1917,  p.  88 ; May,  1908,  p.  39. 

International  Institute  of  Agriculture.  April,  1910,  p.  39. 

Increased  number  from  reporters.  August,  1917,  p.  74. 

Questions  and  answers  on.  February,  1916,  pp.  15-16. 

State  departments  of  agriculture,  periods  in  which  issued.  Office  table  338. 
State  Reports  (statistical),  States  and  offices  issuing.  Office  table  101. 

Cucumbers. 

Acreage,  for  pickling,  by  States: 

Since  July,  1918,  in  September,  October,  November  (Truck  Crop  Divi- 
sion). 

1915-1918,  October,  1916.  p.  107 ; July,  1918,  p.  79 ; October,  1918,  p.  127. 
In  March.  December,  1915,  p.  84. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  April,  1915;  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Pickle  crop.  Since  August,  1916;  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States : Office  table  273-2. 

Production : 

Pickle  crop,  by  States.  September  and  November,  1919  (Truck  Crop 
Division). 

For  pickling  in  Michigan.  December,  1915,  p.  84. 

Special  Report;  price  and  value  of  pickle  crop,  April  13,  1920.  Weekly 
Crop  and  Market  Review  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Yield  per  acre,  for  pickling,  in  Michigan.  December,  1915,  p.  84. 


32  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Damage  to  Crops. 

Causes  of,  since  1909 : 

Barley,  corn,  hay,  oats,  rice,  tobacco,  wheat.  June,  1912,  pp.  46  and  48. 
Cotton.  June,  1912 ; August,  1919. 

Frost  damage  to  corn.  Special  reports,  November,  1915;  December,  1915; 
October,  1917 ; November,  1917 ; November,  1919. 

Eggplant. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915 ; twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Eggs. 

Prices : 

Farm,  United  States,  by  States.  1st  of  month,  February,  1900 ; March, 
1909,  and  monthly.  Office  table  293-60. 

Range  of,  on  specified  markets,  1895.  June,  1899,  and  monthly ; Year- 
book since  1900. 

Receipts : 

Yearly,  at  specified  markets,  1891-1911.  February,  1912,  p.  16,  con- 
tinuing usually  in  February ; Office  table  294-22 ; Yearbook. 

Monthly,  at  specified  markets.  May,  1910. 

Fertilizers. 

Commercial : 

Consumption,  by  States.  Office  table  51,  revised. 

For  cotton.  (See  cotton.) 

Sold  in  cotton  States.  (See  cotton.) 

In  Ohio.  December,  1907,  p.  102. 

Production  and  consumption,  by  States.  October,  1909,  p.  71. 

Flax  and  Flaxseed. 

Acreage : 

For  seed,  by  States.  Since  1902,  usually  in  July,  revised  in  December. 
In  foreign  countries.  Since  1900,  usually  once  a year ; also  Yearbook. 
In  Argentina,  1891-1919.  March,  1919,  p.  32. 

Condition  for  seed,  by  States.  Since  1903 ; monthly  July  to  October. 

Fiber  industry,  in  Michigan.  May,  1902,  p.  6. 

Historical  notes.  December,  1903,  p.  65. 

Marketings,  monthly,  by  farmers.  Since  1907,  usually  once  a year  in 
September. 

Planting,  dates  of,  by  States.  May,  1912,  p.  35. 

Price  of  seed : 

To  producers,  by  States,  on  December  1.  Since  1902 ; monthly  since 
January,  1908. 

To  producers,  in  United  States.  Monthly  since  January,  1908.  Office 
table  293-8. 

Wholesale,  at  three  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1895 ; 
Office  table  294-12 ; also  Yearbooks. 

Production : 

Of  seed,  by  States,  census  years  185CKL910  (Census  data).  Office 
table  282. 

Of  seed,  by  States.  Since  1902,  usually  in  November;  revised  in  De- 
cember. 

Of  seed,  forecast  from  condition.  Since  1911;  monthly  July  to  No- 
vember, inclusive. 

Seed  and  fiber,  in  foreign  countries.  Since  1896,  usually  at  least  once 
a year ; also  Yearbook. 

In  Argentina,  1891-1918.  March,  1919,  p.  32. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


33 


Flax  and  Flaxseed — Continued. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1903,  usually  in  November. 

Seed  used  per  acre.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Supply,  United  States,  1880-1903.  December,  1903,  p.  65,  since  1886* 
Office  table  155. 

Value,  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1902,  usually  in  December. 

Yield  per  acre : 

Bj  States.  Since  1902,  usually  in  November. 

Equivalent  of  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Once  a year  since 

1911. 

Largest  reported.  January,  1918,  p.  2. 

Food. 

Emergency  survey.  December,  1917,  p.  126. 

Foodstuffs,  production,  consumption,  and  foreign  trade  of  United  States. 
March,  1917,  p.  26. 

Foreign  crop  and  live  stock  statistics  : current  data,  “ Foreign  Crops  and 
Lne  Stock  Reports,”  semi-monthly  since  March,  1919. 

Freight  Charges  on  Farm  Products. 

Grain,  cotton,  live  stock,  meats,  etc.  : 

By  rail  and  lake.  1857-1900,  Division  Statistics  Bulletin  No  15 

By  rail  and  lake.  1891-1912 ; Yearbook,  1894-1912. 

B oJn  a1’  lake’  and  °CeaD'  1881  ’ Yearb00ks>  1905-1912  ; Office  table  259, 
259A,  288B. 

Grain  and  cotton : 

Ocean,  monthly.  1905 ; Yearbooks,  1905-1912 ; Office  table  288,  288A 
Various  products: 

By  river,  1912.  Department  Bulletin  74. 

Fruits  and  Nuts,  Miscellaneous. 

Bananas: 

Prc^uction  in  Florida:  1889-91-93-95-97-99;  Quantity  and  value,  March, 
1902,  p.  2 (Florida  Report). 

California  fruit  and  nuts: 

Shipments  of.  Yearbook,  1901,  p.  712. 

Statistics  of  fruits  in  principal  countries.  Bulletin  483,  February,  1917. 

V ft 'C/#  f vvo  • 

Commercial,  by  States.  July,  1917,  p.  57;  July,  1918  p 79 
Coconuts:  ’ 

Coconut  and  copra  and  coconut-oil  industry  in  United  States  (discussion) 
August,  1904,  p.  28. 

Garlic. 

Acreage,  commercial,  in  Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Texas,  California,  1916  and 
191  ( ; May,  1917,  p.  40. 

Comlition  by  States,  since  April,  1915.  Twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Goats. 

Number,  world  : office  table  262 ; also  Yearbook. 

Industry  in  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries.  May,  1899,  p 2. 

Grain  Sorghums,  Kafirs,  etc. 

Acreage,  by  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 


34  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Grain,  Sorghums,  Kafirs,  etc. — Continued. 

Consumption  of  grain,  per  cent  used  for  seeding  and  sown  for  forage. 
November,  1909,  p.  76 ; November,  1908,  p.  85 ; November,  1907,  pp.  81-82 ; 
November,  1906,  p.  50. 

Crop,  in  Oklahoma,  in  1907.  March,  1909,  p.  24. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  each  month,  July  to  October. 
Prices,  to  producers.  On  December  1 since  1915;  monthly  since  April, 
1916;  also  office  table  293-70. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  July;  revised  in  December. 

Forecast  from  production.  Since  1915,  usually  in  July,  August,  and 
September. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop  of  grain  and  forage,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually 
in  November. 

Value,  by  States.  On  December  1 since  1915. 

Yield  per  acre,  of  grain  and  forage.  Since  1916,  usually  in  November. 
Grapefruit  (Florida). 

Conditions.  Since  1907,  in  March  and  November. 

Prices,  per  crate,  1st  of  month.  Since  1908,  in  March. 

Production : 

Percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1907,  in  December. 

Compared  with  average.  November,  1910. 

Per  100  trees.  Since  1912,  in  December. 

Quality.  Since  1912,  in  December. 

Grapes. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866,  in  July,  August,  September,  and  October, 
except  in  1879,  1898-1901. 

Per  cent  United  States  vines  grown  in  each  State  (based  on  1900  census). 

1908,  July,  August,  October,  pp.  53,  60,  76. 

Prices,  by  States,  per  pound  ( July-December).  Since  1910,  in  September. 
Production,  by  States,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1866,  in  November, 
except  1877-81. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1910,  in  November. 

Grapes  (California). 

Raisin , table,  and  wine: 

Condition.  Since  1911,  July  to  November. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1911,  October,  November,  and 
December. 

Quality.  Since  1911,  October,  November,  and  December. 

Yield  per  acre.  Since  1911,  October,  November,  and  December. 

Harvesting. 

(See  Planting  and  harvesting  periods;  also  Bulletin  85,  Bureau  of  Sta- 
tistics). 

Hauling. 

By  wagon  and  motor  truck,  discussion.  October,  1918,  p.  125.  Office  table 
397. 

By  wagon.  April,  1915,  p.  11 ; Bu.  Statistics  Bui.  49. 


35 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 

Hay  (All).1 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  May,  revised  in  August  and  De- 
cember. 

In  Canada,  1916  and  1917,  September,  1917,  p.  83. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1882  in  May ; since  190S  in  June  and  August. 
Consumption,  by  live  stock,  on  farms  in  United  States.  October,  1914,  p. 

8,  9 ; since  1911  monthly  in  May. 

Damage  to  crop,  by  States.  1909-11.  June,  1912,  pp.  46-48. 

Harvesting,  per  cent  monthly.  October,  1919,  p.  104. 

Percentage  baled,  by  States.  October,  1918,  p.  119. 

Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  On  December  1 since  1866;  “loose  hay,” 
monthly  since  January,.  1908.  Office  table  293-9. 

To  producers,  by  States.  “ Baled  hay,”  November,  1915.  Office  table 
293-14. 

Wholesale,  at  four  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1895.  Office 
table  294-7,  and  Yearbooks. 

Production  : 

By  States,  since  1866,  usually  in  September;  revised  in  December* 
except  1890-1911. 

Forecast  from  condition  by  States.  Since  1911,  monthly,  May  to 
August,  inclusive. 

By  kinds.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  September,  except  1877-81,  1883 
1890,  1892. 

Stocks  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1909,  usually  in  May ; 1910-19,  May,  1919, 
p.  48. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Varieties,  per  cent  of  crop,  by  States.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  September;  revised  in  December. 
Annual  changes  1866  to  1889.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 

Equivalent  to  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Since  1911  once  a 
year. 

By  varieties  and  States,  1918.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

Hay  (Tame). 

Acreage,  by  States:  Since  1866,  usually  in  August;  revised  in  December. 
Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1882  in  May ; since  1908  in  June  and  August 
Of  meadows  in  Florida.  1882  in  May ; since  1911  in  March. 

Harvesting  (see  individual  hay  crops). 

Prices : 

To  producers.  On  December  1 since  1866;  monthly  since  May,  1914. 
Wholesale,  at  five  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1895;  office 
table  294-7 ; also  Yearbooks. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  September ; revised  in  December. 

By  varieties,  by  States.  Office  tables  399,  371. 

i Includes  tame  and  wild  hay  1866  to  1889 ; tame  hay  only  1890  to  1913  and  tame 

inn  wilri  sinf»o  1Q19  ’ * c 


36  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Hay  (Tame)  — Continued. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  September,  except  1877-81,  1883, 
1890,  1892. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Varieties : 

Per  cent  of  crop,  by  States.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

Area  and  production  of,  in  1919.  Office  table  396. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  September ; revised  in  December. 
Annual  changes  in  United  States  since  1890.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 

By  varieties  and  States,  1918.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

t 

Hay  (Wild). 

Acreage,  by  States.  Since  1909,  usually  in  August ; revised  in  December. 
Prices  to  producers  (prairie  hay),  by  States.  Monthly  since  May,  1914. 
Production,  by  States.  Since  1909,  usually  in  September;  revised  in 
December. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1914,  usually  in  September. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1909,  usually  in  September;  revised  in 
December. 

Hemp. 

Acreage : 

By  (2)  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

By  States,  1909  (Census  (lata).  Office  table  214. 

Per  cent  of  United  States,  in  each  State.  June,  1908,  p.  44. 

In  Philippines.  February,  1919,  p.  21. 

Condition,  by  States,  since  1906.  Monthly,  June  to  September. 

Prices  to  producers,  by  States.  On  December  1 since  1915. 

Production : 

By  (2)  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

By  States,  1909  (census  data).  Office  table  214. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  October. 

In  foreign  countries,  occasionally  since  1889. 

In  Philippines,  1915-17.  February,  1919,  p.  21. 

Weight  per  bale,  in  Philippines.  August,  1916,  p.  83. 

Value : 

On  farms,  by  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

In  Philippines.  February,  1919,  p.  21. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1911,  usually  in  October. 

Honey. 

Prices,  farm,  United  States,  by  States,  15th  of  month.  January,  1910,  and 
monthly.  Office  tables  2j93— 28  and  293—29. 

Production : 

Yield  per  colony,  by  States,  in  United  States.  September,  1914 ; 

Farmers’  Bulletin  620,  p.  7 ; following  usually  in  September. 

In  Mexico,  1903-1904.  December,  1909,  p.  58. 

Hops. 

Acreage : 

By  (4)  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  October;  revised  in  December. 

By  States,  1899  and  1909  (census  data).  Office  table  237. 

In  Wisconsin,  by  counties.  Office  table  45-A. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1895,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


37 


Hops — Continued. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1867,  excepting  1S7S-18S9,  in  September.  Since 
1895,  in  August ; since  1906,  in  July. 

Consumption  and  movement,  in  United  States,  1900-1919.  Usually  once  a 
year ; also  Yearbook. 

Crop,  in  Washington.  November,  1916,  p!  117. 

Price  to  producers,  by  States. ' On  November  15  since  1915 ; monthly  since 
January,  1910. 

To  producers,  in  United  States.  Monthly  since  1910.  Office  table 
293-59. 

Wholesale  at  four  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1913.  Office 
table;  also  Yearbooks. 

1790-1911,  Bureau  Statistics  circular  35. 

Production : 

By  (4)  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  October;  revised  in  December. 

By  States,  1899  and  1909  (census  data).  Office  table  237. 

In  Wisconsin,  by  counties,  18S(KL906.  Office  table  45. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1895,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener. 
United  States,  1839-1911.  Bureau  statistics  circular  35;  also  Year- 
book. 

United  States  as  per  cent  of  “ world.”  May,  1911,  p.  37. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1882,  except  1884,  1887,  1892-3,  1896-1898,  usually 
in  October. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  November;  1899  and 
1909  (census  data),  office  table  237. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1882,  except  1884,  1887,  1892-3,  usually 
in  October ; revised  in  December. 

Horses. 

Birth  rate,  monthly.  February,  1913,  p.  14. 

Cost  of  raising,  by  States  and  divisions,  in  the  United  States,  April,  1913, 

p.  28. 

Losses  (horses  and  mules),  year  ending  March  31,  since  1888  (1915  missing), 
and  condition  since  1889  (1898  and  1902  missing),  April  1.  April,  1903, 
and  following  each  year  in  April. 

Number : 

Average  price  and  total  value,  United  States,  by  States.  January  1 each 
year  since  1867. 

World,  office  table  262;  Yearbook  since  1905. 

In  foreign  countries,  recent  years.  Office  table  403-3. 

Used  per  plow  in  United  States,  by  States.  February,  1918,  p.  16. 
Prices  : 

Farm,  United  States,  by  States.  Fifteenth  of  month  since  February, 
1910;  April,  1910,  and  following. 

Estimated  averages  for  United  States,  by  ages  or  classes,  on  January 
1,  1911-1917.  January,  1917,  p.  11,  and  following  in  February. 
Wholesale,  on  specified  markets,  from  1896.  Yearbook  since  1900. 
Receipts  at  specified  markets,  1900  to  date.  Table  248.  On  some  markets 
since  1869.  Report  of  statistician. 

Weight  of  mature  horses  in  United  States.  February,  1918,  p.  10. 

Horses  and  mules,  value,  aggregate,  United  States,  by  States,  comparisons, 
1917,  1918,  and  average  1912-1916.  February,  1918,  p.  16,  and  following 
yearly  in  February. 


38  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Index  'Numbers. 

Food  supplies,  United  States  and  foreign  countries.  August,  1917,  p.  73. 
Prices : 

Bradstreets’.  January,  1911,  to  date.  Office  table  333. 

Method  of  obtaining.  August,  1918,  p.  96. 

Ten  crops.  Monthly,  1908-1920 ; Jul y,  1920,  p.  62. 

Meat  animals.  Monthly,  1903-1920,  July,  1920,  p.  73. 

Prices  and  production.  United  States.  April,  1912,  p.  32. 

Productivity,  various  countries.  June,  1913,  p.  47. 

Production,  world’s  crops,  1900-1911.  May,  1913,  p.  35. 

Production,  price,  and  yield  of  10  products,  1866-1910.  March,  1911,  p.  21. 

Labor  (on  Farms). 

Families  on  farms,  in  United  States  and  Japan,  1914.  August,  1917,  p.  77. 
Supply  and  demand.  Since  1918,  usually  in  April. 

Wages,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  March. 

Lambs. 

Birth  rate,  monthly.  February,  1913,  p.  14. 

Losses  from  disease,  year  ending  March  31,  since  1912.  April,  1912,  and 
following  (1915  missing)  ; Bulletin  109. 

Number  (sheep  and  lambs)  : World,  office  table  262. 

Slaughtered  at  principal  places,  1884-1914.  Report  109,  p.  307. 

Prices : 

Farm,  per  100  pounds,  on  15th  of  month,  United  States,  by  States, 
Dec.  15,  1909.  January,  1910,  and  following. 

Monthly  trend  per  100  pounds  to  producers,  average  1910-1914.  Chart, 
July  15,  1915,  p.  8. 

Land. 

Distribution,  continental  United  States,  1910.  July,  1912,  pp.  52-54. 

Size  of  fields,  United  States.  August,  1910,  p.  63. 

Tillable  land,  percentage  under  cultivation,  by  States.  Weekly  News  Letter, 
January  28,  1914  (vol.  1,  No.  25,  p.  2). 

Value  per  acre,  with  and  without  improvements,  by  States,  1913-14. 
Office  table  351. 

Value  of  plowland,  by  States.  Since  1912,  usually  in  March. 

World’s  productive  area.  August,  1919,  p.  78. 

Lemons  (California). 

Condition.  Since  1906,  March  to  November. 

Prices,  per  box,  1st  of  month.  Since  1911,  in  September. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1906,  in  December. 

Quality.  Since  1911,  in  December. 

Yield  per  acre.  Since  1911,  in  December. 

Lemons  (Florida). 

Condition.  1911,  in  September;  1912,  in  April,  May,  and  June. 

Lettuce. 

Acreage,  by  States.  October,  1919  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915 ; twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  Office  table  273-2. 

Production,  by  States,  January,  1920  (Truck  Crop  Division) 

Limes  (Florida). 

Condition.  Since  1907,  March  to  November. 

Prices.  Per  crate,  1st  of  month.  Since  1908,  in  March. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES.  39 

Limes  (Florida) — Continued. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1907,  in  December, 
v Quality.  Since  1915,  in  December. 

Live  Stock. 

(For  further  details  see  each  class  of  live  stock.) 

Condition.  Since  1889,  cattle,  horses,  mules,  sheep,  swine,  April. 

Freight  rates,  rail  and  ocean,  1881  to  1915.  Office  table  259 ; Yearbooks. 
Losses.  Since  1884,  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine ; since  1888,  horses  and  mules  * 

since  1910,  lambs. 

Number  and  value,  January  1.  Since  1867,  cattle,  milk  cows,  horses,  mules, 

sheep,  swine. 

Value,  aggregate.  Since  1918,  February. 

Meats. 

Consumption : 

United  Kingdom,  1907-8.  September,  1909,  p.  64 ; Report  109. 

United  States  and  foreign  countries.  February,  1912,  p.  9 * latest  year 
available,  tables  347,  348,  379. 

And  production,  1900  and  1909,  by  kinds.  Farmers’  Bulletin  575  p 
26;  Report  109,  p.  263.  ’ 

And  production,  19  years.  March,  1919,  pp.  30-31 ; March,  1920,  p.  27. 

Estimated,  per  capita,  urban  and  rural,  by  divisions  in  the  United 
States.  October,  1919,  p.  105 ; corrected,  November,  1919,  p.  H6 

And  prodpction  in  Germany,  1904-1913.  Report  109,  pp.  264-267. 

Total,  by  kinds  and  countries,  in  specified  years.  Report  109,  p 271  • 
per  capita,  272-273,  Report  109. 

Prices : 

Index  number  of,  to  producers  of  meat  animals  in  United  States, 
by  months,  1911-1917.  May,  1917,  p.  40;  1912-1918,  February,  1919’ 
p.  9 ; and  following  in  February. 

Wholesale,  of  fresh  meats  on  prominent  markets  in  various  countries. 
Report  109.  On  some  markets  since  1865.  Report  of  statistician 

Wholesale  of  beef,  canned,  at  Chicago,  by  months,  1912  to  date  Office 
table  294-230. 

Beef  (mess),  per  barrel  at  Chicago,  1870-1909.  Office  table  97. 

Hams  (smoked),  wholesale,  at  Chicago,  by  months,  1912  to  date  Office 
table  294-29. 

Lard,  ^wholesale,  at  Chicago,  by  months,  1912  to  date.  Office  table  294- 
331. 

Production : 

Beef,  mutton,  pork,  total  and  per  capita,  1900-1916.  Office  table  301. 

Beef  and  pork,  yearly  average,  five-year  periods,  1852-1856,  1912-1916 
and  each  year  1911-1919.  Office  table  359-1. 

By  kinds,  net  supply,  1915-1918.,  Office  table  356. 

Ratio  of  slaughter  to  stock  of  animals  (cattle,  sheep,  swine)  in  United 
States,  United  Kingdom,  and  Germany,  in  specified  years  Renort  109 
pp.  269-270. 

Value,  estimated  of  animals  and  animal  products  (including  poultry),  1897- 
1915.  January,  1916,  p.  3,  and  yearly  in  January. 

Weight,  average  dressed,  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine  in  specified  countries 
Report  109,  pp.  267-277. 

Milk. 

Prices,  average,  to  producers.  1910  to  date,  monthly ; office  tables  293-24 
and  293-25 ; April,  1910,  p.  32,  and  following  in  almost  every  issue. 


40  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Milk — Continued. 

Production : 

1918  and  1917  compared.  February,  1919,  p.  19 ; Yearbook,  1918,  p.  707.  „ 
And  value.  January  31,  1916,  p.  2. 

Milk  Cows. 

Number,  average  price,  total  value  in  United  States,  by  States.  January  1, 
since  1867.  1904,  usually  in  February.  Yearbook. 

Number,  world.  Yearbook  since  1905. 

Prices,  farm’,  15th  of  month,  United  States,  by  States,  February.  1910. 
April,  1910,  and  following. 

See  also  Cattle. 

Millet. 

Acreage,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  1910.  January,  1913,  p.  15. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  June  and  September. 

Crop,  in  certain  foreign  countries.  Crop  Records  Division  files. 

Prices,  range  by  months  at  Chicago,  1905-1915.  Office  table  268. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop  (hay  and  seed),  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually 
in  October. 

Mint. 

Crop  in  Indiana  and  Michigan,  1914-1918.  September,  1919,  p.  91. 

Mules. 

Losses  from  disease,  year  ending  March  31.  Since  1888  (1915  missing)  ; 
condition  April  1,  since  1889  (1898,  1902  missing).  April,  1912,  and  fol- 
lowing each  year  in  April. 

Number,  average  price,  and  total  value  in  United  States,  by  States.  Janu- 
ary 1,  since  1867;  February,  1904,  and  following  in  February.  Also 
Yearbooks. 

Number,  world.  February,  1910,  p.  14.  Yearbook  since  1905. 

Prices : 

Estimated  averages  for  United  States,  by  ages  or  classes,  on  January  1, 
1911-1917.  January,  1917,  p.  11,  and  following  in  February. 
Comparisons  in  South.  February,  1920,  p.  15. 

Weight  of  mature,  in  United  States.  February,  1918,  p.  10. 

Mules  and  horses,  value,  aggregate,  United  States,  by  States ; comparisons, 
1917,  1918,  and  average,  1912-1916.  February,  1918,  p.  16,  and  following 
yearly  in  February. 

Nuts. 

A Imonds  ( California ) : 

Condition.  Since  1911,  May  to  October. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1911,  in  November. 

Walnuts  ( California ): 

Condition.  Since  1911,  June  to  October. 

Price,  pdr  bushel,  15th  of  each  month.  Since  October,  1912 ; also  Office  table 
293-37  to  date., 

Black  walnuts: 

Prices,  15th  of  Month,  per  bushel,  by  States  (October  to  February).  Since 
1912,  in  October. 

Price  averages,  United  States,  per  bushel  (October  to  February).  Since 
1912,  in  October ; Farmers’  Bulletin  641,  p.  38. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


41 


Nuts — Continued. 

Hickory  nuts: 

Price  averages : 

tJnIttobertateS’  Per  bUSheI  (°ct0ber  to  February),  since  1912,  in  Oc- 

m°nn‘\Per  bUShe1’  by  States  (0ctober  to  February). 
Since  1913,  in  October;  also  office  table  293-38 

Pecans: 

Condition,  July  1,  by  States,  1916-17-18.  July,  1918  p 79 

PlSUPcr  bUShe1’  15th  °f  6aCh  “°nth-  0ct°ber,  1914;'  also  office  table 

Production  : 

1919,  with  comparisons,  by  States.  November,  1919  p 115 

per  cent  of  a full  crop,  by  States.  November,  1917,’  p.'  112 November, 
191b,  p.  117.  9 

per  cent  of  a full  crop,  with  comparisons,  1915-1918,  by  States.  Novem- 
ner , iyio,  p.  138. 

Chestnuts: 

P"93-4?r  bUSbe1,  15th  of  each  month'  October,  1914,  to  date.  Table 
Oats. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  June;  revised  in  December. 
Informgn  countries,  1917-1919.  January,  1920,  p.  3;  Yearbooks  since 

Winter  sown,  by  States.  May,  1918,  p.  52 

C°tembe°rn’  **  ***  1866’  in  Ju“e  aiUl  August:  si“ce  1867,  in  Sep- 

Consumption : 

By  classes  of  live  stock.  August,  1919,  p.  77;  October,  1914,  p.  8-9 
Monthly  on  farms.  June,  1919,  p.  57.  P 

per  capita  of  population,  United  States  and  foreign  countries,  1902- 
1919,' table  88?^  ’ P'  124 ! 1909-1913  and  ^W-IOIS,  Yearbook 

Damage  to  crop,  causes  of,  by  States,  1909-1911.  June,  1912  p 46 
Dates  of  sowing  and  harvesting  in  different  countries.  Office  ’table  297-1 
United  States,  by  States,  Bureau  Statistics  Bui.  85 
Harvesting : 

Per  cent  monthly  for  United  States.  October,  1919,  p.  104 
Methods  of,  by  States.  February,  1917,  p„  14. 

' M“eTm^^l02Om  far“S’  SiDCe  1913'  Seplember>  1918-  P-  105-  and 

dates  0f’  by  States‘  May>  1912.  P-  35;  Bureau  Statistics  Bui.  85. 

T°januaryCT1908  °“  DeCe“ber  X since  1866 ! monthly,  since 

Geographic  phases-,  1911-1914.  Department  Bui  755 
Trend  of.  Monthly,  1908-1914  and  1914-15;  October*  1915,  p.  60. 
Wholesale  at  eight  United  States  markets,  monthly  since  1895.  Office 
table  294-t2  ; also  Yearbooks., 

Production  : 

By  States,  since  1866;  usually  in  October;  revised  in  December. 

Forecast  from-  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911,  in  June,  August  SeD- 
tember,  October.  6 ’ p 


42  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Oats — Continued. 

Production — Continued. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1895,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener ; also 
in  Yearbook;  1917-1919,  January,  1920,  p.  3. 

Cost  of,  by  States.  June,  1911,  p.  47. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  October.  Except  1877-1881,  1885, 
1890-1,  1903. 

Seed  used  per  acre: 

In  United  States.,  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

In  foreign  countries.  April,  1915,  p.  11. 

Shipments  out  of  county  where  grown,  by  States.  Since  1910,  usually  in 
March. 

Stocks  on  farms: 

By  States.  Since  1895,  usually  in  March  and  August. 

Relative  stocks,  January  1,  1917  and  1918.  May,  1918,  p.  52. 

Supply  and  distribution,  since  1897.  March,  1920,  p.  26. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Weight  per  measured  bushel,  by  States.,  Since  1897,  usually  in  November. 
Yield  per  acre,  by  States: 

Since  1866,  usually  in  October,  revised  in  December. 

Annual  changes  in  United  States  since  1866.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 
Equivalent  to  100  per  cent,  or  normal  condition.  Usually  once  a year 
since  1911. 

In  foreign  countries  since  1890.  Office  table  312-3 ; also  Yearbooks. 
Largest  reported  in  United  States.  August,  1916,  p.  76;  January, 
1918,  p.  2. 

Olives  (California). 

Condition.  Since  1911,  June  to  November. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1911,  in  December. 

Onions. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1913,  usually  in  September,  revised  in  November; 
since  November,  1914,  usually  in  May,  August,  September,  and  No- 
vember (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Bermuda,  by  States.  Since  March,  1916,  usually  in  July  and  November 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Percentage  grown  from  seed.  March,  1919,  p.  29. 

Per  cent  of  total,  by  States.  October,  1908,  p.  76. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1906,  June  to  September,  inclusive;  since  April, 
1915,  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Bermuda,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915,  twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Crop: 

In  Indiana.  March,  1905,  p.  95. 

Commercial  estimates,  1901.  December,  1901,  p.  8. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvest,  by  States.  Office  table  273-2. 

Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  January,  1910. 

Wholesale  at  three  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1911. 
Production: 

By  States,  1913-14,  December,  1914,  p.  11;  since  November,  1914, 
usually  in  August  and  November  (Truck  Crop  Division). 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


43 


Onions — Continued. 

Production — Continued. 

Bermuda.  Since  June,  1917,  usually  in  July  and  November  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Forecast  from  conditions.  Since  1916,  usually  in  September. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  October. 
Quality  for  storage.  October,  1915,  p.  58. 

Special  report,  price  and  value.  Jan.  6,  1920,  Weekly  Truck  Crop  News. 
Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1911,  usually  in  October. 

Bermuda,  in  Texas.  March,  1917,  p.  23. 

Oranges  (Florida  and  California). 

Crop,  boxes.  1889-90  to  1903-04,  December,  1903,  p.  64.  (Florida  Report)  ; 

1915,  in  December. 

Condition.  1906,  July  to  November. 

Prices,  first  of  month  : 

California,  per  crate,  since  1911  in  September. 

Florida,  per  crate,  since  1908  in  March. 

Production  : 

Since  1915,  in  December. 

Percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1906,  in  December. 

Price,  value.  July,  1916,  p.  67. 

Value,  1915-1919.  December,  1917,  p.  127. 

Yield  per  acre.  Since  1910,  in  December. 

Quality.  1910,  in  December. 

Oranges  and  grapefruit  (Florida)  : 

Crop,  1914-15-16.  July,  1916,  p.  67. 

Commercial  crop,  1916.  December,  1916,  p.  122. 

Pastures. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1882,  in  May  to  August,  inclusive;  since  1915  in 
September  and  October,  and  in  other  months  in  certain  years. 

In  Florida.  Since  1907,  in  March  and  April. 

Peaches. 

Condition : 

By  States.  1900,  in  June. 

Florida.  1912,  in  April,  May,  June,  July,  and  August. 

California.  1912,  in  June,  July,  and  August. 

Georgia  crop.  July,  1917,  p.  57. 

Prices,  15th  of  month,  per  bushel  (January  to  October).  Since  1910, 
August. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1910,  in  September. 

Percentage  of  a full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1867,  in  September. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1912,  in  September  . 

Commercial  crop. 

Centralized.  July,  1918,  p.  77. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1918,  April  to  September. 

Production,  by  States.  Since  1918,  in  September. 

Special  commercial  reports.  May,  1918 ; July,  1918 ; July,  1919. 


44  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Peanuts. 

Acreage : 

Harvested,  by  States.  Since  1916,  usually  in  December. 

By  types  and  States.  May,  1918,  pp.  49-50;  January,  1920,  pp.  4-5. 

In  foreign  countries,  1912—1918.  Yearbook  1919,  table  183.  Office  table 
367. 

Crop,  in  Oklahoma,  1907.  March,  1909,  p.  24. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  monthly,  July  to  October. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  Office  table  273-1. 

Hay,  in  Georgia.  June,  1918,  p.  64. 

Price : 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  January,  1910. 

Wholesale  at  Norfolk,  by  months.  Since  1914.  Office  table  294r-37. 
Production : 

By  States.  Since  1916,  usually  in  December. 

Compared  with  average  in  United  States.  1906-1916,  usually  in 
November. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  November. 

In  foreign  countries.  Usually  once  a year,  or  oftener  since  1905 ; Year- 
books ; also  office  table  367. 

Production  and  uses,  by  types  and  States.  May,  1918,  pp.  49-50;  January, 
1920,  pp.  4-5. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1910,  usually  in  November. 

Seed,  used  per  acre.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Varieties,  acreage,  yield,  etc.  June,  1917,  p.  54. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1916,  usually  in  December.  • 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1919,  usually  in  November. 

Pears. 

Condition ; 

By  States.  1908,  June  to  October. 

In  Florida.  Since  1866,  except  1875-1907,  April,  May,  June,  July  to 
October. 

Per  cent  of  United  States  trees  in  each  State.  June,  1908,  p.  44  (based  on 
1900  census). 

Prices,  15th  of  month,  per  bushel  (August  to  January).  Since  January, 
1910. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1910,  in  November. 

Percentage  of  a full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1866,  in  November,  except 
1877-1881. 

Commercial  crop. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1919,  July  to  November. 

Production,  by  States.  Since  1917,  in  November. 

Special  commercial  report,  11  States,  July,  1918  and  1919.  July,  1919, 
p.  64. 

Peas  (Field). 

Acreage : 

By  States.  1919.  Office  table  215  (Thirteenth  Census  data). 

Edible  peas,  by  States.  May,  1918,  p.  51. 

In  foreign  countries.  Usually  once  a year  or  oftener  since  1906;  also 
Yearbooks ; office  tables  315-16. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


45 


Peas  (Field) — Continued. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1906,  in  June  and  October ; since  1907,  in  May. 

In  Florida.  Since  1907,  in  May. 

Consumption,  for  various  purposes  (Canadian  field  peas),  by  States.  Febru- 
ary, 1916,  p.  19. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting  (Canadian  field  peas),  by  States.  Febru- 
ary, 1916,  p.  IQ. 

Production  : 

By  States,  1909.  Office  table  215  (Thirteenth  Census  data). 

Edible  peas,  by  States.  May,  1918,  p.  51.  * 

Per  cent  of  full  crop  (grain  and  forage),  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually 
in  November. 

United  States  and  foreign  countries,  1909-1918;  Yearbook  1919,  table 
176 ; 1911-1917.  Office  table  325-17 ; 1907-1908.  Office  table  15. 

In  foreign  countries.  Usually  once  a year  or  twice  since  1906;  also 
Yearbook. 

Seed  used  per  acre.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Yield  per  acre: 

Edible  peas,  by  States.  May,  1918,  p.  58. 

Normal,  of  Canadian  field  peas,  by  States.  February,  1919,  p.  19. 

Peas  (Green). 

Acreage : 

Contracted  for  canning,  1913-1917.  February,  1916,  p.  17 ; December, 
1916,  p.  22 ; August,  1917,  p.  76. 

For  canning,  usually  by  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  September  and 
October;  by  Truck  Crop  Division. 

For  canning,  1917-18.  Yearbook  1919,  Table  184. 

Condition : 

Usually  by  States.  Since  April,  1915 ; twice  a month  during  season ; 
by  Truck  Crop  Division. 

Canning  crop,  usually  by  States.  Since  August,  1916 ; twice  a month 
during  season ; by  Truck  Crop  Division. 

Harvesting,  dates  of  and  per  cent  harvested  monthly,  by  States.  Office 
table  273-2. 

Planting,  dates  of  and  per  cent  planted  monthly,  by  States.  Office  table 
273-2. 

Price,  average,  for  canning  peas.  Special  report  by  Truck  Crop  Division, 
March  19,  1920. 

Production : 

For  canning,  usually  by  States.  Since  1918,  usually  in  September  and 
October;  also  Yearbooks. 

Pack,  United  States  and  Canada,  1905.  November,  1906,  p.  88. 

Peppers. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915 ; twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Pineapples  (Florida). 

Condition.  Since  1907,  March  to  July. 

Prices,  1st  of  month  per  crate. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1907,  in  August. 


46  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Planting  and  Harvesting  Periods. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States : 

Cereals.  Bureau  of  Statistics  Bui.  85.  Office  tables  244  and  256. 
Cereals,  cotton,  flax,  tobacco.  Office  table  273. 

Hay  and  forage.  Office  tables  285  and  285a. 

Potatoes.  Office  table  273-4. 

Vegetables,  per  cent  planted  and  harvested,  by  months.  Office  table 
273-2. 

Harvesting  periods : 

By  States,  percentage  each  month,  35  crops.  September,  1920  p.  100. 
United  States  and  foreign  countries : 

Barley.  Office  table  297-2. 

Oats.  Office  table  297-3. 

Rice.  Office  table  273-3. 

Rye.  Office  table  297-1. 

Wheat.  July,  1920,  p.  71.  Office  tables  297  and  354. 

Plowing. 

Spring  plowing  done : 

In  Florida.  Since  1907,  usually  in  March. 

In  United  States,  by  States.  Since  1882,  except  1883,  usually  in  May. 
Average  depth,  by  States.  February,  1918,  p.  17. 

Riding  plows  used  by  cotton  growers,  by  States.  August,  1919,  p.  78. 

Potatoes  (Irish). 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  July ; revised  in  December. 

Early  crop,  by  States.  Since  1914,  usually  in  April  and  August; 

revised  in  October.  (Truck  Crop  Division.) 

In  Florida.  Since  1907,  usually  in  March. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1900,  usually  at  least  once  a year;  also 
Yearbook. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  in  July,  August,  and,  except  1877-1881,  in 
October ; since  1867,  in  September. 

Early  crop,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915,  usually  twice  a month  during 
season.  (Truck  Crop  Division.) 

In  Florida.  Since  1907,  monthly,  March  to  May,  inclusive. 

Damage  to  crop: 

Causes  of,  by  States,  1909.  June,  1912,  p.  46. 

Causes  and  extent,  1909-1912.  June,  1913,  p.  45. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  Office  table  273-4. 

Disposal  of  crop,  per  cent  monthly,  by  States.  May,  1918,  p.  53. 
Harvested : 

Monthly,  in  United  States,  1915-1917.  November,  1917,  p.  112. 

Per  cent  monthly,  by  States.  November,  1916,  p.  116. 

Per  cent  of  early  crop,  monthly,  January  to  July,  by  States.  April, 
1916,  p.  36. 

Loss,  after  harvest,  late  commercial  crop,  by  States,  1919. 

Price : 

To  producers,  by  States,  on  December  1.  Since  1866,  monthly  since 
January,  1908. 

Wholesale  at  seven  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1891.  Year- 
books ; also  office  table  294-5. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


47 


Potatoes  (Irish) — Continued. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  November. 

By  months  when  harvested.  Since  1915,  usually  in  November. 
Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  ' Since  3911,  monthly,  July  to  Octo- 
ber, inclusive. 

Early  crop,  by  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  May  and  August ; revised 
in  October.  (Truck  Crop  Division.) 

Late  commercial  crop,  by  States,  191S-19. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1900,  usually  at  least  once  a year;  also 
Yearbooks. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877-1881,  1883-84,  1890,  and  1892, 
usually  in  November. 

Seed  requirements  in  United  States,  1916.  Office  table  313-7. 

Seed  used  per  acre.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Shipped  out  of  county  where  grown  (per  cent),  by  States.  November, 
1916,  p.  115. 

Stocks,  by  States.  Since  1908,  usually  in  January. 

Of  late  commercial  crop  in  growers’  hands.  December  1,  1919. 

Supply : * 

In  United  States,  1910-1915.  June,  1916,  p.  54. 

Shortage  in  “ world  crop,”  by  countries,  1916.  March,  1917,  p.  22. 

Value  on  farms : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Per  acre,  by  States,  1914-1919.  Yearbook  1919,  table  96. 

Yield  per  acre : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  November.  1910-1919,  Yearbook 
1919,  table  96. 

In  Florida.  Since  1907,  usually  in  June. 

Largest  reported.  January,  1918,  p.  25 ; August,  1918,  p.  87 ; October, 
1918,  p.  128. 

Late  commercial  crop,  by  States,  191S-1919. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1899,  usually  at  least  once  a year:  also 
Yearbooks. 

Equivalent  of  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  conditions.  Once  a year  since 
1911. 

Potatoes  (Sweet). 

Acreage,  by  States.  Since  1899,  usually  in  July ; revised  in  December. 
Condition,  by  States.  Since  1868»in  September  and,  except  1877-1881,  1887, 
1897,  in  October;  since  1869,  except  1898,  in  July;  since  1869,  except 
1888,  in  August. 

Damage,  annual  losses  from  disease,  1884-1918.  April,  1918,  p.  41  (chart). 
Plants  used  per  acre.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Price : 

To  producers,  by  States,  on  December  1 since  1868,  except  1876-1878 
1881,  1892-1893  and  1878. 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  June,  1914. 

To  producers,  in  United  States.  Monthly  since  1908,  office  table  293-6 ; 
also  Yearbooks. 

Wholesale  at  four  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1891. 
Production,  by  States.  Since  1900,  usually  in  November. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1868,  except  1877-1881,  1888,  1887,  and  1890-1894, 
usually  in  November. 


48  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Potatoes  (Sweet) — Continued. 

Seed  requirements,  in  United  States,  1916.  Office  table  313-8. 

Value  on  farms : 

By  States.  Since  1868,  except  1876-1878,  1881,  1892-1893,  and  1898. 
usually  in  December. 

Per  acre,  by  States,  1914-1919.  Yearbook  1919,  table  105. 

Per  acre,  in  United  States,  1899,  1909,  1913,  and  1914.  December,  1914, 
p.  23. 

Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1868,  except  1876-1877  and  1881,  usually  in  November. 
By  States,  1910-1919.  Yearbook  1919,  table  105. 

Largest  reported,  by  States  and  counties,  1910.  January,  1918,  p.  2. 

Poultry- 

Receipts,  monthly,  at  specified  markets,  1909.  May,  1910,  and  monthly. 
Prices : 

Chickens : 

Farm,  United  States  by  States,  1st  of  month.  February,  1909; 

March,  1909,  and  monthly.  Office  table  293-13. 

Average  monthly  farm,  1908  and  1909.  Yearbook  1909,  p.  604. 

On  the  15th  of  month  since  July,  1912.  Office  table  293-61 ; 
Farmers’  Bulletin  645,  p.  43,  continuing  monthly. 

Turkeys,  on  the  15th  of  month  since  October,  1912.  Office  table  293-62 ; 
Farmers’  Bulletin  641,  p.  38. 

Prices. 

Articles  bought  by  farmers : 

About  88  articles.  Yearly  since  1913,  usually  in  March  or  April. 

Alfalfa  seed,  clover  seed,  timothy  seed,  15th  each  month.  Since  1912. 
Cottonseed  hulls,  15th  of  each  month.  Since  1915. 

Bran,  cottonseed  meal,  15th  of  each  month.  Since  1910. 

Average  to  producer  for  10  crops,  1908-1917.  December,  1917,  p.  128. 
Compared  with  production,  1908-1917.  November,  1917,  p.  112. 

Compared  with  wages  and  land  values.  April,  1918,  p.  37. 

Farm  and  retail  compared,  1913-1918.  September,  1918,  pp.  112-113. 

Farm  price  and  yield  per  acre  combined,  1866-1915.  February,  1917,  p. 
• 16  (chart). 

Geographic  phases,  wheat,  corn,  and  oats,  1910-1914.  Tables  and  maps, 
Department  Bulletins  Nos.  594,  696,  755. 

Live  stock  on  farms,  January  1.  Since  1867  each  year.  (See  each  class 
separately. ) 

Monthly  variation.  October,  1915,  p.  60  (chart). 

Sources  of  wholesale  prices,  at  United  States  markets.  Office  table  342-1. 
To  producers : 

December  1 : 

Since  1866,  barley,  buckwheat,  corn,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  rye, 
tobacco,  wheat. 

Since  1868,  sweet  potatoes. 

Since  1876,  cotton. 

Since  1900,  rice. 

Since  1910,  apples. 

Since  1902,  flaxseed,  sorghum  sirup. 

Since  1911,  sugar  beets. 

Since  1914,  beans,  cranberries. 

Since  1915,  grain  sorghums,  hemp,  hops. 

Since  1867,  cattle,  milk  cows,  horses,  mules,  sheep,  swine. 


49 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


Prices — Continued. 

To  producers — Continued. 

First  of  each  month : 

Since  1908,  barley,  buckwheat,  corn,  cotton,  flaxseed,  grapefruit, 
hay,  limes,  oats,  oranges,  potatoes,  rye,  wheat. 

Since  1909,  butter,  chickens,  eggs. 

Since  1911,  lemons. 

Since  1914,  sweet  potatoes. 

Since  1916,  apples,  rice. 

Fifteenth  of  each  month: 

Since  1910,  apples,  beans,  broom  corn,  cabbage,  clover  seed,  cotton 
seed,  grapes,  honey,  hops,  milk,  onions,  peaches,  peanuts,  pears, 
timothy  seed. 


Since  1912,  alfalfa  seed,  chickens,  eggs,  hickory  nuts,  maple  sirup, 
maple  sugar,  popcorn,  tomatoes,  turnips,  turkeys,  walnuts 
(black). 

Since  1913,  soy  beans. 

Since  1914,  alfalfa,  chestnuts,  clover  hay,  pecans,  timothy  hay, 
wild  hay. 

Since  1915,  cowpeas. 

Since  1916,,  grain  sorghums. 

Wholesale,  of  farm  products,  at  United  States  markets,  barley,  beans,  butter 
cattle,  clover  seed,  coffee,  corn,  cotton,  eggs,  flaxseed,  flour  (wheat),  hay' 
hogs  (live),  hops,  horses,  oats,  potatoes,  rice,  rye,  sheep,  sugar,  sweet 
potatoes,  tea,  timothy  seed,  tobacco,  wheat,  wool.  Yearbooks,  Office 

rQnlDcj  OG/f  4-^  OG/i  7 


Production. 

(For  further  details  see  each  crop.) 

Animals  and  animal  products  (see  each  chart). 

Compared  with  railway  tonnage.  July,  1918  p 78 
Crops,  by  States: 

S' nee  1866,  barley,  buckwheat,  corn,  cotton,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  rye 
tobacco,  wheat.  ^ ’ 

Since  1890,  spring  and  winter  wheat  separately;  also  apples. 

Since  1900,  peaches,  sweet  potatoes. 

Since  1901,  sugar  beets,  beet  sugar. 

Since  1902,  flaxseed. 

Since  1904,  rice. 

Since  1910,  pears,  sorghum  sirup. 

Since  1912,  clover  and  wild  hay,  Louisiana  cane  sugar. 

Since  1914,  beans  (5  States),  cranberries  (3  States),  truck  crops 
Since  1915,  broom  corn  (5  States),  alfalfa,  clover,  millet,  and  timothy 

om^2%tatetsLeS)’  ^ <4  ^ S°rghumS  (6  States)’ 

Since  1916,  peanuts,  soybeans,  apples  (commercial). 

^merdal)’  ^ SirUP’  peaches  (commercial),  pears  (com- 

Since  1918,  cane  sirup. 

Crops,  machinery  required  for.  July,  1918,  p.  71. 

Crops,  compared  with  poulation,  1881-1915.  April,  1917  p.  34. 

Cost  of  production : 

Minnesota.  Bureau  Statistics  bulletins  48,  73. 


50  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Production — Continued. 

Cost  of  production — Continued. 

United  States.  Barley  (October,  1911),  corn  (April,  1911),  cotton 
(November,  1914,  Div.  Stat.  Bui.  No.  16),  oats  (June,  1911),  potatoes 
(November,  1911),  wheat  (May,  1911). 

Cost  of  raising  horses.  April,  1913. 

Important  crops  in  leading  5 States,  1913-1919.  April,  1916,  p.  34;  April, 
1919,  pp.  40-41 ; April,  1920,  p.  37. 

Increase  in,  compared  with  population,  1881-1915.  April,  1917,  p.  34. 

In  foreign  countries: 

Barley,  beans,  corn,  cotton,  flax  fiber  and  seed,  hops,  oats,  peas,  potatoes, 
rice,  rye,  silk,  sugar,  sugar  beets,  tobacco,  wheat.  Yearbooks. 

All  crops  for  all  years  reported.  Files  of  Division  of  Crops  Records. 
Current  data,  Foreign  Crop  and  Live  Stock  Reports,  semi-monthly 
since  March,  1919. 

Leading  crops,  United  States  and  world  compared.  February,  1917,  p.  15. 
Per  man  per  acre,  United  States  and  foreign  countries.  July,  1918,  p.  78. 
Staple  crops  in  leading  States,  1916-1918.  July,  1918,  p.  81. 

Trend  compared  with  population,  1866-1919.  April,  1920,  p.  35  (chart). 
Value  of,  1879  to  1919.  January,  1920,  p.  1. 

Production,  as  a Percentage  of  a Full  Crop. 

(For  further  details,  see  each  crop.) 

Annually : 

Since  1886,  apples,  clover  hay,  grapes,  pears,  sugar  cane. 

Since  1867,  peaches. 

Since  1906,  alfalfa  hay,  blackberries,  broom  corn,  cabbage,  cantaloupes, 
clover  seed,  field  beans,  field  peas,  hemp,  grain  sorghums,  lemons, 
millet,  onions,  peanuts,  raspberries,  strawberries,  sugar  beets, 
tomatoes,  watermelons. 

Since  1907,  grapefruit,  lima  beans,  limes,  pineapples. 

Since  1911,  almonds,  apricots,  olives,  prunes,  walnuts. 

Since  1912,  alfalfa  seed,  cauliflower,  celery. 

Since  1914,  timothy  hay. 

Production,  Quality  of. 

(For  further  details  see  each  crop.) 

Annually : ^ 

Since  1866,  barley,  corn,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  rye,  tobacco,  wheat. 

Since  1868,  sweet  potatoes. 

Since  1877,  clover  hay. 

Since  1882,  buckwheat,  hops. 

Since  1903,  flaxseed. 

Since  1908,  rice. 

Since  1909,  apples. 

Since  1910,  cranberries,  grapes,  oranges,  peanuts,  pears. 

Since  1911,  lemons. 

Since  1912,  grapefruit,  peaches. 

Since  1914,  wild  hay. 

Since  1915,  limes,  maple  sugar  and  sirup. 

Prunes  (California). 

Condition.  Since  1911,  June  to  September. 

Production,  percentage  of  a full  crop.  Since  1911,  in  October. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


51 


Rice. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1904,  usually  in  June;  revised  in  December. 

By  States,  and  varieties,  1916-1918.  September,  1918,  p.  109. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1900  at  least  once  a year;  also  in  Year- 
books 1900-1918,  Yearbook  1919,  Table  81. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1894,  July,  August,  September,  October;  ex- 
cept 1898-1901. 

Consumption : 

In  brewing,  1916  to  1918.  November,  1918,  p.  135. 

Per  capita  in  United  States  and  foreign  countries,  1902-1911.  October, 
1918,  p.  124 ; 1909-1913  and  1914-1918,  Yearbook  1918,  Table  88. 
Damage  to  crops,  causes  of,  by  States,  since  1909.  June,  1912,  pp.  46  and  48. 
Dates  of  sowing  and  harvesting,  United  States  and  foreign  countries.  Office 
table  273-3. 

Harvesting,  per  cent  monthly  for  United  States.  October,  1919,  p.  104. 
Prices,  to  producers: 

By  States,  December  1,  since  1900.  January,  June,  July,  November, 
since  1916. 

Wholesale,  at  five  United  States  markets.  January,  June,  July,  Novem- 
ber, December,  since  1901 ; office  Table  294-13 ; also  Yearbook. 
Production : 

By  States.  Since  1904,  usually  in  December. 

Forecast  from  conditions,  by  States.  Since  1911,  July,  August,  Septem- 
ber, October. 

Foreign  countries.  Since  1900,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener;  also 
Yearbooks. 

United  States,  1718-1911.  Bureau  Statistics  circular  34. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1908,  usually  in  December. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1904,  usually  in  December. 

Varieties,  per  cent  of  crop,  etc.,  by  States.  December,  1918,  p.  147 ; Janu- 
ary, 1920,  p.  4. 

Weight  per  bag,  by  States.  December,  1918,  p.  147;  January,  1920,  p.  4. 
Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1895,  usually  in  December,  except  1897. 

Annual  changes  in  United  States  since  1904.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 
Equivalent  of  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Once  a year  since 
1911. 

Rye. 

Acreage  harvested : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  May,  revised  in  December. 

Planted  in  fall,  by  States.  Since  1899,  usually  in  December;  revised 
following  spring. 

In  foreign  countries,  Yearbooks  since  1905. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866  in  June,  July,  December;  since  1879  in 
April ; since  1882  in  May. 

Consumption : 

By  classes  of  live  stock.  August,  1919,  p.  77. 

Monthly  on  farms.  June,  1919,  p.  57. 

Per  capita  of  population,  United  States  and  foreign  countries.  1902- 
1911,  October,  1918,  p.  124 ; 1909-1913  and  1914-1918,  Yearbook  1919, 
Table  88. 

Dates  of  sowing  and  harvesting  in  foreign  countries.  Office  table  297-1. 


52  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Rye — Continued. 

Harvesting : 

Dates  of,  for  United  States.  October,  1919,  p.  104. 

Methods  of.  February,  1917,  p.  14. 

Planting,  dates  of,  for  United  States.  Bureau  Statistics  Bulletin  85. 

Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  December  1,  since  1866 ; monthly  since  Janu- 
ary, 1908. 

Wholesale,  at  five  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1895;  office 
table  294-4 ; also  Yearbooks. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  August ; revised  in  December. 
Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1912,  April  to  July,  inclusive ; 
office  table  350. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1895,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener;  also 
Yearbooks. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  October,  except  1877-1881,  1885, 
1890-1,  1893. 

Seed  (used  per  acre)  : 

In  foreign  countries.  April,  1915,  p.  11. 

In  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48 ; office  table  313-5. 

Stocks  on  farms,  relative  stocks.  January  1,  1917  and.  1918;  May,  1918, 
p.  52. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Yield  per  acre : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  August ; revised  in  December. 
Annual  changes  since  1866.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 

Equivalent  to  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Since  1911,  once  a 
year. 

In  foreign  countries  since  1894.  Office  table  312-2 ; also  Yearbooks. 
Largest  reported.  August,  1916,  p.  76 ; January,  1918,  p.  2. 

Seed. 

Used  per  acre,  principal  crops.  January,  1912,  p.  6;  June,  1913,  p.  48. 
Office  tables  313-1  to  313-10. 

Sheep. 

Breeds,  by  States,  reported  by  live-stock  reporters  in  each  State,  United 
States,  1918  compared  with  5 and  10  years  ago.  April,  1918,  p.  40. 

Losses,  yearly,  year  ending  March  31,  since  1884  (1915  missing)  ; condition, 
April  1,  since  1889  (1898  and  1902  missing).  Report  109,  and  yearly  in 
April  since  1903. 

Number : 

Average  price  and  total  value,  United  States,  by  States.  January  1, 
since  1867 ; yearly  in  February  since  1904 ; Yearbook. 

World,  office  table  262 ; Report  109 ; Yearbook. 

In  six  principal  wool-producing  countries  of  world.  Office  table  403-1. 
In  countries  from  "which  data  are  obtainable.  Chart,  February,  1910, 
p.  13. 

On  farms,  by  geographic  divisions  in  United  States,  from  1840.  Office 
table  358 ; report  109. 

On  farms,  January  1,  five-year  averages,  1852-1856,  1912-1916,  and  each 
year  1911-1919.  Office  table  359. 

Of  sheep  and  lambs  slaughtered  at  principal  places,  1884-1914.  Report 
109,  p.  307. 


53 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 

Sheep — Continued. 

Per  cent  of  United  States  sheep  in  each  State.  July,  1908,  p.  53. 

Prices : 

Per  100  pounds,  United  States,  by  States,  15th  of  month.  December 
15,  1909,  to  date,  monthly,  since  January,  1910. 

Monthly  trend,  per  100  pounds  to  producers,  average,  1910-1914.  Chart 
July  15,  1915,  p.  8. 

By  ages  or  classes,  1911-1917.  January,  1917,  p.  11,  and  following  in 
February,  yearly. 

Wholesale,  on  prominent  markets  of  specified  countries  in  specified 
years.  Report  109 ; Yearbook ; office  table  294-23. 

Receipts : 

Yearly,  on  specified  markets,  1900  to  date.  February,  1911,  and  yearly 
In  February;  Yearbook.  Office  table  249.  On  some  markets  since 
about  1869 : Report  of  statistician. 

Monthly,  on  specified  markets,  1911-1913.  June,  1913,  p.  45,  and  follow- 
ing in  J une ; office  table  84. 

Value,1  aggregate,  United  States,  by  States,  comparisons,  1917,  1918,  and 
average  1912-1916.  February,  1918,  p.  16,  and  following  yearly  in’  Feb- 
ruary. 

Shipments  Out  of  County  Where  Grown. 

(For  further  details  see  each  crop.) 

Apples,  since  1914. 

Barley,  since  1910. 

Corn,  since  1883. 

Oats,  since  1897. 

Wheat,  since  1883. 

Silk. 

Production,  world.  1900-1914.  May,  1915,  p.  6,  and  following  in  May  for 
several  years ; Yearbook  for  earlier  years ; also  1918,  p.  585. 

Silos. 

Corn  for.  ( See  Com. ) 

Number  and  capacity,  by  States.  August,  1917,  p.  72. 

Number  : 

In  Kansas,  1914-1917.  May,  1918,  p.  53. 

In  Wisconsin  and  Ohio,  1917-1918.  March,  1919,  p.  27. 

In  Indiana,  1912,  1914,  1915.  October,  1915,  p.  59. 

Soy  Beans. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  December. 

For  forage.  By  States,  1918-1919.  February,  1920,  p.  11. 

For  grain.  By  States,  1917-1919.  February,  1920,  p.  12. 

Harvested  for  hay,  grain,  hogged  off,  etc.,  1917.  May,  1918,  p.  49. 

Planted  with  other  crops,  1917.  May,  1918,  p.  49. 

Prices,  to  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  October,  1913. 

Consumption,  for  various  purposes,  by  States.  February,  1916,  pp.  18-19. 
Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  February,  1916  pp  18-19 
Production : 

By  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  December. 

Of  grains,  by  States,  1917-1919.  February,  1920,  p.  12. 


1 Includes  cattle  and  hogs. 


54  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE, 


Soy  Beans — Continued. 

Seed  used  per  acre,  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Value  on  farms,  United  States,  1917-1919.  Usually  in  December. 

Yield  per  acre : 

By  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  December. 

For  forage,  by  States,  1918-1919.  February,  1920,  p.  11. 

For  grain  ,*by  States,  1917-1919.  February,  192;0,  p.  12. 

Spinach. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915,  twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Stocks  on  Farms. 

Wheat.  Since  1883  in  March,  since  1895  in  July. 

Corn.  Since  1883  in  March,  since  1896  in  November. 

Oats.  Since  1895  in  August,  since  1897  in  March. 

Barley.  Since  1910,  in  March  and  August. 

Potatoes.  Since  1908,  in  January. 

Hay.  Since  1909,  in  May. 

Straw. 

Production,  uses,  varieties.  May,  1915,  p.  5. 

Strawberries. 

Acreage : 

By  States,  1915  and  1916.  May,  1916,  p.  42. 

1916  and  1917,  five  States.  April,  1917,  p.  33. 

And  production,  commercial.  May,  1917,  p.  39;  June,  1918,  p.  64. 
Condition  (Florida).  Since  1907,  in  April  and  May. 

Florida  crop.  January,  1920,  p.  4. 

Per  cent  harvested  each  month,  December  to  July,  by  States.  April,  1917, 
p.  33 ; by  States  with  included  counties,  May,  1916,  p.  42 ; also  office  table 
273-2. 

Production : 

Compared  with  a full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  in  July. 

Compared  with  average.  Since  1910,  usually  in  November. 

Commercial,  by  States.  June,  1917,  p.  49. 

Sugar  and  Sugar  Crops. 

All  sugar. 

Consumption : 

Per  capita,  in  United  States,  since  1901.  Yearbook  1919,  Table  197. 

Per  capita,  on  farms  in  Wisconsin,  1918.  August,  1918,  p.  89. 

In  foreign  countries,  1915-1919.  Office  table  378-3. 

Per  capita,  in  foreign  countries,  1909-1913.  Office  tables  324,  384. 

Price,  wholesale: 

By  months,  at  New  York,  since  1883  and  at  New  Orleans  since  1891. 
Office  table  294-16 ; also  Yearbooks. 

Supply,  for  United  States,  since  1901.  Yearbook  1919,  Table  197,  also 
office  table  319,  378-2. 

Beet  sugar. 

Factories  in  operation: 

In  United  States.  Since  1901,  usually  in  December  and  April  ; also 
Yearbooks. 

In  foreign  countries,  since  1910. 

Length  of  campaign,  by  States.  Since  1902,  usually  in  April. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


55 


Sugar  and  Sugar  Crops — Continued. 

Beet  sugar — Continued. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1901,  usually  in  December ; revised  in  April. 

In  foreign  countries,  since  1895.  Usually  once  a year  or  oftener. 

In  foreign  countries,  per  ton  of  beets,  since  1910.  Yearbooks. 

Sucrose  : 

In  beets.  Since  1901,  usually  in  December ; revised  in  April. 

Loss  in  extraction.  Since  1901,  usually  in  December ; revised  in  April. 
Obtained  in  manufacturing.  Since  1901,  usually  in  December ; revised 
in  April. 

Purity  coefficient.  Since  1902,  usually  in  April. 

Cane  sugar,  sirup,  and  molasses . 

Mills : 

In  Louisiana,  those  of  1845  and  1913  compared.  May,  1916,  p.  145. 
Operating  in  Louisiana,  by  parishes  (counties).  Since  1913,  usually 
in  April  or  May. 

Operating  in  foreign  countries.  Since  1910,  Yearbooks. 

Operating  in  Hawaii,  by  islands.  Since  1913. 

Length  of  campaign  : 

In  Louisiana.  Since  1913,  usually  in  April  or  May. 

In  Hawaii.  Since  1913. 

Production : 

Of  sugar — 

In  Louisiana,  by  parishes  (counties).  Since  1913,  usually  in  April 
or  May ; forecast  in  December. 

In  Louisiana,  per  ton  of  cane.  Since  1913,  usually  in  April  or  May. 
In  Texas.  Since  1918,  usually  in  December. 

In  Hawaii.  Since,  1913. 

In  Hawaii,  per  ton  of  cane.  Since  1913. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1895,  Yearbooks. 

In  foreign  countries,  per  ton  of  cane.  Since  1910,  Yearbooks. 

Of  sirup,  by  States.  Since  1918,  usually  in  December. 

Of  molasses  (reported  with  sugar). 

Maple  sugar  and  sirup. 

Number  of  trees  tapped  : 

By  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  May. 

In  Vermont,  1909-1914.  April,  1916,  p.  29. 

Price,  by  States.  Since  March,  1912 ; monthly,  February  to  June,  inclusive. 
Producing  regions  of  United  States.  June,  1918,  p.  61. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  May. 

Per  tree,  by  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  May. 

In  Vermont,  1900-1914.  April,  1916,  p.  29. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1914,  usually  in  May. 

Sugar  beets. 

Acreage : 

Abandoned,  1914-17.  July,  1918,  p.  76. 

Harvested,  by  States.  Since  1901,  usually  in  December;  revised  in 
April. 

Planted,  by  States.  Since  1901,  usually  in  July. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1912,  Yearbooks. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1906,  monthly,  June  to  November,  inclusive. 
Prices  to  producers,  by  States.  Since  1911,  usually  in  July,  December,  and 
April. 


56  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Sugar  and  Sugar  Crops — Continued. 

Sugar  'beets — Continued. 

Production-: 

By  States.  Since  1901,  in  December  and  April. 

Forecast  from  condition  by  States.  Since  1906,  monthly,  June  to 
November,  inclusive. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  December. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1912,  Yearbooks. 

Seed  produced  in  United  States.  Since  1016,  usually  in  November. 

Seed  used  per  acre,  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Sliced  for  sugar,  by  States.  Since  1901;  in  December  and  April;  also 
Yearbooks. 


acre,  by  States.  Since 


1901,  usually  in  December;  revised 


in 


Yield  per 
April. 

Sugar  cane . 

Acreage : 

Total,  by  States.  Since  1918,  usually  in  July ; revised  in  December. 

For  sirup,  by  States.  Since  1918,  July  and  December. 

Of  plant  and  stubble  cane  in  Louisiana.  May,  1918,  p.  51. 

In  Louisiana,  for  sugar.  Since  1913,  usually  in  April  or  May ; forecast 
in  December. 

In  Texas,  for  sugar.  Since  1918,  usually  in  December. 

In  Hawaii,  harvested  and  total,  by  islands.  Since  1912. 

Per  cent  of  preceding  year.  Since  1866,  usually  in  June. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1910 ; usually  once  a year  or  oftener. 

Condition:  . , 

Since  1866,  in  August;  since  1867  in  September;  since  1867,  except 

1877-1881.  _ . r 

In  October.  Since  1867,  except  1880-1901,  in  July ; since  1906  in  June 

and  November. 

Production : _ , . 

In  Louisiana,  for  sugar.  Since  1911,  usually  in  April  or  May;  also 

Yearbooks. 

In  Texas,  for  sugar.  Since  1918,  usually  in  December. 

In  Hawaii.  Since  1913.  Once  a year. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877-1881,  1884-8o, 
and  1887-1&97,  usually  in  December. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1910,  usually  once  a year  or  oftener. 

Yield  per  acre: 

In  Louisiana,  for  sugar.  Since  1911,  usually  in  April  or  May. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1910;  also  Yearbooks. 

Sorghum  (for  sirup)  and  sorghum  sirup. 

Acreage,  per  cent  of  preceding  year.  Since  1866,  except  1889,  1898-1901, 

and  1904—5,  usually  in  July.  . 

Condition.  Since  1866,  except  1898-1901  and  1894-95,  in  July ; since  186G-6- , 
except  1901  and  1904-5,  in  August  and  September;  since  1866,  except 
1877-1881,  1901-2,  and  1904-5,  in  October. 

Prices  of  sirup,  to  producers,  by  States,  on  December  1.  Since  1902,  except 

1904-5,  1915,  and  1916. 

Production  of  sirup,  by  States.  Since  1902,  except  1904-5  and  1915-16, 
usually  in  December. 

Value  of  sirup  on  farms,  by  States,  on  December  1.  Since  1902,  except 

Yilldtf  s^rup^fa^re,  by  States.  Since  1866,  except  1876-77,  1881,  1897, 
1899  1900-1902,  and  1904-5,  usually  in  November. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


57 


Swine. 

Birth  rate,  monthly.  February,  1913,  p.  14. 

Industry,  changes  in,  1920  compared  with  1919.  July)  1920,  p.  69;  also 
September,  1919,  p.  92. 

Losses,  yearly: 

Year  ending  March  31.  Since  1884  (1915  missing).  Condition  since 
1889  (1898  and  1902  missing),  United  States,  by  States.  Since  April, 
1903,  and  following,  usually  in  April ; report  109. 

Per  1,000,  1884-1918.  Chart,  April,  1918,  p.  41. 

Number : 

World : Yearbook ; Report  109.  Office  table  262. 

Average  price  and  total  value,  January  1,  each  year,  since  1867.  An- 
nually in  February  since  1904.  Yearbook. 

On  farms,  January  1,  averages  1852-1856  to  1912-1916  and  each  year 
1911-1919.  Office  table  359. 

On  farms,  by  geographic  divisions  since  1840.  Report  109  and  office 
table  358. 

In  foreign  countries,  recent  years,  by  countries.  Office  table  403-2. 
Average  annual,  in  United  States,  1899-1908.  February,  1910,  pp. 
12-13. 

Born  in  month,  slaughtered  in  month,  and  total  on  hand,  average, 
1910-1915.  January,  1916,  p.  11;  chart. 

Slaughtered  at  principal  places,  1872-1914.  Report  109,  p.  307. 

Of  stock  hogs  and  condition,  since  1867.  Yearly  since  September,  1900. 
Breeding  sows,  since  1894.  Yearly  in  April  since  1903. 

Percentage  slaughtered  on  farms,  each  month,  in  a normal  year.  June 
1916,  p.  59. 

Proportion  of  total  belonging  to  different  breeds  in  the  United  States,  by  , 
States.  June,  1920,  p.  53. 

Prices : 

Farm,  per  100  pounds,  on  15th  of  month,  United  States,  by  States. 

Since  December  15,  1909 ; monthly  since  January,  1910. 

Wholesale,  range  of,  on  specified  markets,  monthly  since  1895.  Since 
June,  1899  (United  States,  mostly  Chicago). 

Wholesale,  on  specified  markets  in  certain  countries  in  specified  years. 

Report  109 ; Yearbook ; office  table  294-25. 

Monthly  trend  to  producers  per  100  pounds,  average,  1910-1914. 
Chart,  July  15,  1915,  p.  8. 

Receipts : 

Yearly,  on  specified  markets.  Since  1900,  February,  1911,  p.  12,  and 
yearly  in  February.  On  some  markets,  since  about  1869.  Report  of 
Statistician. 

Monthly,  on  specified  markets.  June,  1913,  p.  45,  and  following  in 
June. 

Value,1  aggregate,  United  States,  by  States,  comparisons,  1917,  1918,  and 
average,  1912-1916.  February,  1918,  p.  16,  and  following  yearly  in  Feb- 
ruary. 

othy  (Hay). 

Acreage,  per  cent  of  United  States  total  grown  in  each  State.  July,  1908 
p.  52. 


1 Includes  cattle  and  sheep. 


58  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
Timothy  (Hay) — Continued. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866  in  August ; since  1867  in  July ; September, 
1914,  p.  27  (farmers’  Bulletin  620). 

Prices  to  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  May,  1914;  also  office  table 
293-49. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

Per  cent  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1914,  usually  in  September. 

Of  timothy  and  clover.  Since  1915,  usually  in  December. 

Seed  used  per  acre,  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States,  1918.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

Timothy  (Seed). 

Acreage  harvested,  by  States,  1909.  Office  table  180  (Thirteenth  Census 
data). 

Prices : 

To  producers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  September,  1910;  also  office 
table  293-54. 

Paid  to  farmers,  by  States.  Monthly  since  June,  1912 ; also  office  table 

293- 65. 

Wholesale,  at  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since  1896.  Office  table 

294- 9. 

Production,  by  States,  1909.  Office  tables  208  and  180  (Thirteenth  Census 
data). 

Tobacco. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877,  1897-98,  usually  in  July;  revised 
in  December. 

By  certain  States  and  counties,  1879,  1889,  1899,  1909,  1919.  Office 
table  375. 

By  types  and  districts.  Since  1910,  usually  in  July;  revised  in  De- 
cember. 

In  United  States.  Since  1863,  except  1897-98;  also  certain  earlier 
years  (Bureau  Statistics  Circular  33). 

In  foreign  countries.  Yearbooks,  since  1905. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1867  in  July  and  September ; since  1866  in  August ; 

since  1866,  except  in  1877-1881,  in  October. 

By  types  and  districts.  Since  1908  in  July. 

Damage  to  crop : 

By  States,  1909.  June,  1912,  p.  46. 

Causes  and  extent,  1909-1912.  June,  1913,  p.  45. 

Exports  from  the  Thirteen  Colonies  to  England,  1698-1699.  March,  1909 
p.  24. 

Planting  dates,  by  States.  May,  1912,  p.  35. 

Plants  used  per  acre.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Prices : 

To  producers — 

By  States,  on  December  1.  Since  1866,  except  1877  and  1897-98. 
By  States,  15th  of  each  month  since  1910.  Office  table  293-63. 

By  types  and  districts,  on  December  1.  Since  1909. 

By  States,  1st  of  each  month  since  June,  1916.  Office  table  293- 
Whplesale,  at  six  United  States  markets,  monthly  since  1907.  Of 
table  294-11. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


59 


Tobacco — Continued. 

Prices — Continued. 

In  United  States.  Since  1863,  except  1877,  1897-98 ; also  certain  earlier 
years  (Bureau  Statistics  Circular  33). 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877  and  1897-98,  usually  in  November. 

By  types  and  districts.  Since  1909,  usually  in  July ; revised  in  De- 
cember. 

Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911,  monthly  July  to 
October. 

In  United  States,  since  1863,  with  certain  years  since  1618  (Bureau 
Statistics  Circular  33). 

In  foreign  countries.  Yearbooks. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877-1881,  1883,  1890,  and  1892, 
usually  in  November. 

Sales  by  farmers,  by  States,  districts,  and  counties,  since  1908-09.  Office 
table  123,  a,  b,  c,  etc. 

Seed  requirements  (plants)  in  United  States,  1916.  Office  table  313-10. 

Value  on  farms  : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877  and  1897-98,  usually  in  December. 

By  types  and  districts.  Since  1909,  usually  in  December. 

Per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877  and  1897-98,  usually  in 
December. 

Yield  per  acre : 

By  States.  Since  1866,  except  1877,  usually  in  November. 

By  types  and  districts.  Since  1909,  usually  in  December. 

Equivalent  of  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  conditions.  Since  1911,  once 
a year. 

Largest  reported,  by  States  and  counties,  1916.  January,  1918,  p.  2. 

Tomatoes. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  January,  1918,  usually  in  May  and  August  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Canning  crop,  by  States.  Since  June,  1915,  usually  in  September  and 
October  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Commercial,  by  States,  1915-16.  December,  1916,  p.  136. 

Canning  crop,  by  States,  1913-1918.  February,  1916,  p.  17 ; December, 
1916,  p.  122 ; August,  1917,  p.  76 ; September,  1918,  p.  109 ; February, 
1919,  p.  2. 

Per  cent  grown  in  each  State.  October,  1908,  p.  76. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1906.  July,  August,  September. 

In  Florida.  Since  1912,  March,  April,  May. 

By  States.  Since  April,  1915,  twice  a month  during  season  (Truck 
Crop  Division). 

Canning  crop,  by  States.  Since  August,  1916,  twice  a month  during 
season  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvest,  by  States.  Office  table  273-2. 

Pack : 

By  States,  1917  and  1918.  November,  1918,  p.  138. 

United  States  and  Canada.  January,  1906,  p.  84 ; December,  1904, 
p.  65 ; December,  1902,  p.  3 ; January,  1901,  p.  7.  . 

Prices,  to  producers.  Since  1912,  monthly,  July  to  October,  inclusive. 


60  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Tomatoes — Continued. 

Production  : 

By  States.  Since  January,  1918,  usually  in  August  (Truck  Crop 
Division). 

By  States,  1914.  October,  1914,  p.  26. 

Canning  crop,  by  States.  Since  January,  1918,  usually  in  September 
and  October  (Truck  Crop  Division). 

Commercial,  by  States,  1915-16.  December,  1916,  p.  136. 

Percentage  of  full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  October. 
Special  report,  price  and  value  of  canning  crop,  March  20,  1920.  On  file 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  1914.  October,  1914,  p.  26. 

Tractors  (on  Farms). 

In  commission,  by  States.  April,  1917,  p.  33. 

Number : 

In  Ohio.  March,  1919,  p.  25. 

In  Kansas.  May,  1918,  p.  53. 

On  hand  in  United  States,  December  31,  1917,  by  power  classes,  sold, 
manufactured,  exported,  etc.,  in  1918.  Office  table  366. 

Truck  Crops. 

Acreage  and  production  (Truck  Crop  Division)  : 

Since  1914,  cabbage,  onions. 

Since  1915,  cantaloupes,  sweet  corn,  tomatoes,  watermelons. 

Since  1916,  Bermuda  onions,  early  potatoes,  strawberries. 

Since  1917,  cabbage  for  kraut. 

Since  1918,  celery,  cucumbers  for  pickles. 

Since  1919,  lettuce. 

Frosted  in  Florida  in  February,  1917.  March,  1917,  p.  24. 

Garden  movement.  May,  1900,  p.  5. 

Prices,  since  1920.  Snap  beans,  cabbage,  sweet  corn,  cucumbers,  onions, 
peas,  strawberries,  tomatoes. 

Truck  farming  in  North  Carolina.  May,  1908,  p.  40. 

Turnips. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  April,  1915;  twice  a month  during  season 
(Truck  Crop  Division). 

Prices  to  producers.  Since  1912;  monthly,  November  to  February,  in- 
clusive. 

Values. 

Farm  products,  1879  to  1919.  January,  1920,  p.  1 ; since  1913,  office  table 
296. 

Farm  animals  (and  products),  1897  to  1919.  January,  1920,  p.  1. 

Farm  crops : 

1897  to  1919.  January,  1920,  p.  1. 

Aggregate,  by  States.  Since  1909,  usually  in  December. 

In  international  trade. 

Relative  rank,  by  States  and  crops,  1910-1914,  and  1918.  February, 
1919,  p.  17. 

Velvet  Beans. 

Acreage : 

By  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  December. 

For  grain,  forage,  etc.,  by  States,  1917-1919.  February,  1920,  p.  10. 
Harvested  for  grain,  hay,  hogged  off,  etc.,  1917.  May,  1918,  p.  49. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


61 


Velvet  Beans — Continued. 

Comments,  general  discussion,  etc.  October,  1917,  p.  100. 

Consumption  for  various  purpose^,  by  States.  February,  1916,  p.  19. 

Dates  of  planting  and  harvesting,  by  States.  February,  1916,  p.  19. 

Prices  to  producers,  by  States.  Since  1913,  usually  in  February  and 
October. 

Production  by  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  December;  1917-1919,  Feb- 
ruary, 1920,  p.  10. 

Yield  per  acre,  by  States.  Since  1917,  usually  in  December;  1917-1919. 
February,  1920,  p.  10. 

Wages. 

See  labor  on  farms,  wages  of. 

Watermelons. 

Acreage : 

Commercial  preliminary  estimate,  by  States.  June,  1917,  p.  51. 
Commercial,  by  States,  1917  and  1918.  July,  1918,  p.  79. 

1915  and  1916,  by  States,  with  included  counties.  August,  1916,  p.  80 ; 
June,  1916,  p.  53. 

Condition : 

By  States.  Since  1906,  in  June,  July,  August,  and  September. 

In  Florida.  Since  1906,  May  to  August. 

In  California.  Since  1906,  June,  July,  and  August. 

Harvested  (April  to  October),  by  States.  June,  1916,  p.  53;  June,  1917, 
p.  51. 

Production : 

Percentage  of  a full  crop,  by  States.  Since  1906,  usually  in  October. 
Compared  with  average,  United  States.  1910,  in  November. 

Weight  Per  Measured  Bushel. 

For  further  details,  see  each  crop. 

Barley,  since  1910. 

Oats,  since  1897. 

Wheat  (all),  since  1884. 

Spring  and  winter  wheat  separately,  since  1899. 

Wheat  (All), 

Acreage : 

Harvested  by  States.  Since  1866. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1891,  Yearbooks  1917-1919 ; January,  1920, 
p.  3. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1867,  in  September.  (See  Wheat,  spring  and 
winter. ) 

Consumption : 

By  classes  of  live  stock,  for  certain  States,  1915  crop.  April,  1916,  p. 

32;  1917  crop,  March,  1918,  p.  28. 

By  classes  of*  live  stock,  for  United  States,  1918.  August,  1919,  p.  77. 
Monthly,  on  farms.  June,  1919,  p.  57. 

Per  capita  of  population,  by  States.  October,  1913,  p.  123. 

Per  capita  of  population,  United  States  and  foreign  countries.  1902- 
1911,  October,  1918,  p.  124 ; 190&-1913  and  1914-1918,  Yearbook  1919, 
Table  88. 

Damage  to  crop : 

Causes  of,  by  States,  1909.  June,  1912,  p.  46. 

Causes  and  extent  of,  1911.  July,  1912,  p.  48. 


62 


DEPARTMENT  CIRCULAR  150,  U.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 


Wheat  (All) — Continued. 

Dates : 

0fand  354S  aDd  harvestlng  in  ^rent  countries.  Office  Tables  297 

Of  harvesting  in  different  countries.  July,  1920  p 71 
Harvesting : * 

HlertVinS85Peri°d’  ^ StateS'  JUne’  1915’  P’  5:  Bureau  ******  Bui-, 

Per  cent  monthly,  for  United  States.  October,  1919,  p.  104. 

Methods  of,  by  States.  February,  1917  p 14 

for  unitea  states:  since  i9°7‘  March>  ^ 

Planting,  dates  of,  by  States.  ( See  Wheat,  spring  and  winter  ) 

Prices : . 

Geographic  phases,  1911-1914;  Department  Bulletin  594 

To  producers,  by  States,  on  December  1.  Since  1866;  monthly  since 
January,  1908.  * 

To  producers,  average  for  each  crop,  1913-1916.  August,  1917,  p 75 

191^  ™CtwPar!,diTu^  netaU  PrtCe  °f  fl°Ur’  1913-1918-  September, 
1918,  pp.  112  and  113  (chart). 

°f,f°ur'  wholesale,  at  four  United  States  markets.  Monthly  since 
1907;  Office  table  294-26;  Yearbooks. 

Foreign  countries  (Government  price),  1919.  Office  table  381 

andd81tateS  G°Vernment  SePtember,  1917,  p.  82 ; July,  1918,  pp.  78 

War‘*™e  pnces’  United  States  and  foreign,  1913-1918.  August,  1919, 

WffiWe094  f v™;*1 , Stat6S  markets-  Monthly  since  1858;  office 
table  294-1 ; Yearbooks. 

In  United  States,  1790-1840.  Office  table  344. 

Production : ’ ' 

By  States.  Since  1868,  usually  in  October;  revised  in  December 
Cost  of,  by  States,  1909.  May,  1911,  p.  36 

Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911,  monthly,  July  to  Sep- 
tember,  inclusive.  * p 

Ini917rlQ?QCTUntrieS-  ,rj  °nce  a year'  or  oftener'  1891; 

191, 1-1919,  January,  1920,  p.  3;  1909-1919;  Office  table  325-1 
Quality,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  October. 

Seed: 

Quantity  normally  required  by  States ; October,  1918,  p 123 
Used  per  acre  in  United  States.  June,  1913,  p.  48. 

Used  per  acre  in  foreign  countries.  April,  1915.  p.  n. 

ShM^chtS  °Ut  °f  C°Unty  WhQVe  gr°Wn’  by  States*  Since  1883’  usually  in 
Stocks : 

In  country  mills  and  elevators.  Since  1916,  in  March. 

On  farms,  by  States.  Since  1883,  in  March,  and  since  1895,  in  July. 

On  farms,  relative  stocks,  January  1,  1917  and  1918.  May  1918  n 52 
Supply  and  distribution  : ’ 

Since  1902.  March,  1920,  p.  26. 

Per  capita  of  population,  1900-1916.  November,  1916,  p.  112 
Surplus  and  deficiency,  by  States,  1909-1913  average,  1917,  and  1918  Octo- 
ber, 1918,  p.  123;  1910-1914  average,  1915,  and  1916,  November,  1916, 
p.  115. 


STATISTICAL  DATA  OF  BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES. 


63 


Wheat  (All) — Continued. 

Transportation : 

Freight  rates  over  various  routes,  1881-1915.  Office  table  259  A. 
Hauling  by  wagon  and  motor  truck,  1906  and  1918.  October,  1918, 
p.  125. 

Ocean  freight  rates  1913-1916.  March,  1916,  p.  26. 

Value  on  farms,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  in  December. 

Weight  per  measured  bushel,  by  States.  Since  1884,  usually  in  November. 
Yield  per  acre : 

By  States.  Since  1885,  usually  in  December. 

. Equivalent  of  100  per  cent  (or  normal)  condition.  Once  a year  since 
1911. 

In  foreign  countries.  Since  1890.  Office  table  312-1 ; also  Yearbooks ; 

1890-1915,  October,  1918,  p.  127. 

Largest  reported  in  United  States.  July,  1918,  p.  70. 

Wheat  (Spring). 

(Excluding  items  included  under  “Wheat  (all)”.) 

Acreage,  by  States.  Since  1890,  usually  in  June ; revised  in  December. 
Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866,  in  June  and  July ; since  1869,  in  August ; 
since  1890,  in  September. 

Damage  to  crop  by  black  rust  in  Minnesota  and  the  Dakotas.  November, 
1916,  p.  114. 

Harvest,  dates  of,  by  States.  June,  1915,  p.  5. 

Planting,  dates  of,  by  States.  May,  1912,  p.  35. 

Prices,  by  varieties  in  Minnesota  and  the  Dakotas,  1916.  June,  1917,  p.  48. 

(For  other  prices,  see  Wheat  (all).) 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1890,  usually  in  October ; revised  in  December. 

Of  durum,  1913-1914-1915.  April,  1916,  p.  39. 

Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911,  monthly,  June  to  Sep- 
tember, inclusive. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1899,  usually  in  October. 

Value  per  acre,  by  States.  June,  1917,  p.  48. 

Varieties,  per  cent  of  total,  by  States,  1914-1919.  June,  1920,  p.  56. 

Weight  per  measured  bushel,  by  States.  Since  1899,  usually  in  November. 
Yield  per  acre : 

By  States.  Since  1890,  usually  in  October ; revised  in  December. 
Annual  changes  in  United  States.  Since  1890.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 

By  varieties,  1914-1919.  June,  1920,  p.  56. 

Wheat  (Winter). 

(Excluding  items  included  under  “Wheat  (all).”) 

Acreage : 

Abandoned,  by  States.  Since  1897,  usually  in  May. 

Harvested,  by  States.  Since  1866,  usually  final  estimate  in  December; 

since  1897,  preliminary  estimate  in  May. 

Planted  in  fall,  by  States.  1886,  1890,  and  since  1894,  usually  in  De- 
cember and  revised  in  spring  since  1897. 

Planted  compared  with  harvested,  for  United  States,  1886  to  1918. 
July,  1918,  p.  76. 

Sown  with  clover.  January,  1919,  p.  2. 

Condition,  by  States.  Since  1866,  in  December,  June,  July ; smce  1879  in 
April,  and  since  1882  in  May ; excepting  1876-1878,  1881, 1885,  and  1897. 


64  DEPARTMENT  CIRCULA^  150,  TJ.  S.  DEPT.  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

Wheat  (Winter) — Continued. 

Harvesting,  dates  of,  by  States.  June  1915,  p.  5 ; Bureau  of  Statistics  Bul- 
letin 85. 

Planting,  dates  of,  by  States.  January,  1912,  pp.  4-5;  Bureau  of  Statistics 
Bulletin  85. 

Production : 

By  States.  Since  1890,  usually  in  August,  revised  in  December. 
Forecast  from  condition,  by  States.  Since  1911,  monthly,  May  to  Sep- 
tember, inclusive. 

Quality,  by  States.  Since  1907,  usually  in  August. 

Threshed,  to  August  and  September  1,  1915.  August,  1915,  p.  36  • Septem- 
ber, 1915,  p.  47. 

Weight  per  measured  bushel,  by  States.  Since  1899,  usually  in  November. 
Yield  per  acre: 

By  States.  Since  1890,  usually  in  August ; revised  in  December. 
Annual  changes  in  United  States.  Since  1895,  January,  1919,  p.  3. 
Largest  reported  in  United  States.  January,  1918,  p.  2. 

Wool. 

Prices : 

Farm,  15th  of  month,  by  States,  since  December,  1909.  Also  office  tables 
293-26  and  293-27. 

Wholesale,  range  of,  on  specified  markets,  since  1895.  Yearbook ; office 
table  294-24. 

Production : 

Number  of  fleeces,  weight  per  fleece,  1914  and  1915.  January,  1916, 
p.  8;  1894-1914  (total)  and  1915-1916  by  States,  February,  1917, 
p.  15,  and  following  in  February,  1918. 

Pulled  wool,  1918  and  1919.  February,  1920,  p.  17. 

Weight  per  fleece,  by  States,  United  States,  since  1900.  July. 

Yield  per  Acre. 

By  counties : 

In  four  central  States  and  United  States  (cereals,  potatoes,  tobacco, 
flaxseed),  1916.  Office  table  314. 

All  States,  principal  crops,  1911-1919.  Files  of  Division  of  Crop 
Records. 

Changes,  principal  crops,  1866-1917.  January,  1919,  p.  3. 

Compared  with  farm  prices,  1866-1915.  February,  1917,  p.  16. 

Increasing,  all  crops.  December,  1915,  p.  78. 

Index  numbers,  by  States.  November,  1916,  p.  115. 

Individual  crops.  ( See  “ Production  ”. ) 

In  foreign  countries : 

Barley,  oats,  potatoes,  rye,  wheat.  Yearbooks. 

All  countries  for  all  years  reported.  Files  of  Division  of  Crop  Records. 
Normal,  for  principal  crops.  Once  a year  since  1911. 


o 


UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OE  AGRICULTURE, 

Department  Circular  151. 


Bureau  of  Plant  Industry 
(New  and  Rare  Seed  Distribution), 

WM.  A.  TAYLOR,  Chief. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  COTTON  SEED  IN  1921. 


This  is  the  nineteenth  distribution  of  cotton  seed  conducted  by 
the  Office  of  Seed  Distribution  in  cooperation  with  the  cotton- 
breeding  investigators  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry. 

During  the  past  17  years,  approximately  50  varieties  of  cotton  have 
been  distributed.  These  have  been  developed  by  the  experts  of  the 

ureau  of  Plant  Industry  or  selected  by  them  because  of  special  local 
value. 

The  method  of  distribution  followed  in  the  past  few  years  has 
proved  so  generally  satisfactory  that  it  is  proposed  to  continue  it 
this  season.  The  general  distribution  of  a small  quantity  of  seed 
(1  quart),  to  enable  the  farmer  to  become  acquainted  with'the  char- 
acteristics of  the,  variety,  will  be  followed  in  the  most  promising  sec- 
tions by  a special  distribution  the  following  year,  which  is  fully 
explained  under  the  heading  “ Report  of  results  of  planting.”  This 
special  distribution  furnishes  to  those  who  submit  favorable  reports 
and  sample  bolls  of  the  crop  grown  from  the  quart  package  of  seed 
sufficient  seed  to  produce  at  least  one  full  bale  of  the  new  variety  of 
cotton  and  also  to  produce  a stock  of  seed  for  planting  a considerable 
acreage  the  following  season. 

An  introductory  statement  on  “ Improvement  of  the  Cotton  Crop 
by  Selection,”  by  O.  F.  Cook,  who  is  in  charge  of  the  cotton-breeding 
work  of  this  bureau,  explains  how  the  seed  may  be  utilized  to  the 
best  advantage  by  the  farmer. 


September  24,  1920. 

13276° — 20 


R.  A,  Oakley, 
Agronomist  in  Charge. 


IMPROVEMENT  OF  THE  COTTON  CROP  BY  SELECTION. 

How  can  the  farmer  make  the  best  use  of  a small  stock  of  seed 
of  a superior  selected  variety?  By  understanding  and  applying  the 
methods  by  which  select  seed  is  produced,  so  as  to  keep  the  selected 
variety  from  deterioration.  The  usual  way  of  treating  a small  quan- 
tity of  select  seed  is  not  at  all  calculated  to  enable  the  farmer  to 
learn  the  true  value  of  a new  variety  or  to  preserve  the  purity  of 
an  improved  stock. 

TESTING  NOT  TO  BE  COMBINED  WITH  SELECTION. 

A mistake  made  frequently  by  farmers,  and  sometimes  by  profes- 
sional breeders,  is  to  attempt  to  combine  testing  with  breeding. 
The  new  variety  of  cotton  is  planted  by  the  side  of  the  local  variety 
or  a mixed  stock  in  order  to  test  its  behavior,  and  seed  is  saved  from 
the  same  planting  to  increase  the  stock  of  the  new  variety.  This 
plan  is  open  to  the  serious  danger  that  the  seed  of  the  new  variety 
when  gathered  in  the  fall  will  not  be  pure,  on  account  of  being  con- 
taminated by  crossing  with  the  local  variety,  so  that  its  special  value 
will  be  lost.  The  amount  of  crossing  differs  with  the  locality  and  the 
season,  depending  on  the  abundance  of  bees  or  other  insects  that 
carry  the  pollen  from  one  flower  to  another,  but  there  is  usually  too 
much  crossing  to  make  it  safe  to  rely  on  the  purity  of  any  stock  of 
seed  that  has  been  grown  close  to  another  variety  of  cotton. 

ISOLATION  OF  SEED  PLANTS. 

A farmer  who  wishes  to  make  a really  adequate  test  of  the  value 
or  a new  variety  should  plant  the  seed  in  a separate  plat,  removed 
at  least  300  yards  from  other  fields  of  cotton  or  separated  therefrom 
by  25  or  30  rows  of  corn.  An  isolated  planting  does  not  provide,  of 
course,  for  a close  comparison  with  the  local  variety,  but  this  can  be 
made  m the  following  year  to  much  Setter  advantage.  With  the 
larger  stock  of  seed  then  available  a field  planting  can  be  made,  as 
well  as  test  plantings.  In  the  third  year  there  will  be  enough  seed 
to  stock  even  a large  farm  with  the  new  variety,  if  it  has  shown 
itself  superior  under  the  local  conditions. 

Many  farmers  are  unwilling  to  give  the  proper  care  to  a new 
variety  until  they  have  made  a preliminary  test  and  convinced  them- 
selves that  it  is  really  superior.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  the  plan 

3 


4 Department  Circular  151,  U.  S.  Dept . of  Agriculture. 

of  sending  out  a smaller  quantity  of  seed  in  the  general  distribution 
has  been  adopted.  Those  who  use  this  small  sample  of  seed  for  test- 
ing purposes  and  plant  it  in  the  same  field  with  another  variety  or 
a mixed  stock  of  cotton  are  advised  not  to  save  seed  in  the  fall  with 
any  idea  that  they  are  keeping  a pure  stock  of  the  new  variety  m 
this  way.  If  the  farmer  is  convinced  that  the  new  variety  is  supe- 
rior, he  should  get  a fresh  stock  of  the  seed  and  plant  it  in  a separate 
breeding  plat,  as  far  away  as  possible  from  any  other  field  of  cotton. 

The  distribution  of  seed  of  superior  varieties  of  cotton  is  no  longer 
limited  to  a single  season,  as  the  custom  formerly  was.  I inless 
improved  varieties  become  established  in  cultivation  in  some  part  of 
the  United  States  the  work  of  breeding  and  distribution  serves  no 
useful  purpose.  To  increase  the  number  of  varieties  in  a community 
is  not  desirable.  On  the  contrary,  there  would  be  a distinct  ad- 
vantage if  the  whole  community  would  grow  one  variety,  if  the  best 
variety  could  be  determined.  The  danger  of  mixture  of  varieties  by 
crossing  and  the  mixture  of  seed  at  the  gin  would  both  be  reduced, 
and  the  uniformity  of  the  product  would  enable  the  community  to 
secure  a higher  price  for  its  cotton.1 


WHY  SELECTION  MUST  BE  CONTINUED. 


Unless  selection  is  continued,  the  value  of  a variety  is  sure  to 
decline.  A well-bred  variety  is  superior  to  ordinary  unselected  cot- 
ton not  only  in  having  better  plants  but  in  having  the  plants  more 
nearly  alike.  Whether  selection  has  any  power  to  make  better  plants 
is  a question,  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  power  of  selection  to 
keep  the  plants  alike.  Even  in  the  best  and  most  carefully  selected 
stocks  inferior  plants  will  appear,  and  if  these  are  allowed  to  multi- 
ply and  cross  with  the  others  the  stock  is  sure  to  deteriorate.  The 
pollen  from  the  flowers  of  inferior  plants  is  carried  about  by  bees 
and  other  insects,  and  the  seed  developed  from  such  pollen  transmit 
the  character  of  the  inferior  parent.  Even  if  they  do  not  come  into 
expression  in  the  first  generation  they  are  likely  to  reappear  in  the 
second  generation. 

To  grow  cotton  from  unselected  seed  involves  the  same  kind  ot 
losses  as  in  an  orchard  planted  with  unselected  seedling  apple  trees. 
Less  cotton  is  produced  and  the  quality  is  also  inferior.  The  higher 
the  quality  of  the  cotton  the  more  stringent  is  the  requirement  of  a 
uniform  staple.  Unless  the  fibers  have  the  same  length  and  strength 
they  can  not  be  spun  into  fine  threads  or  woven  into  strong  fabrics. 


1 Some  of  the  numerous  advantages  to  be  gained  by  a better  organ,  sat  ion  ot  cotton- 
growing^ communities  have  been  described  in  an  article  published  in  the  Yearbook  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  for  1911  under  the  title  “ Cotton  Improvement  on  a Com- 
munity  Basis/’ 


5 


Distribution  of  Cotton  Seed  in  1921. 


PRESERVATION  OF  VARIETIES  BY  SELECTION. 


The  method  of  selection  to  be  followed  in  preserving  a variety 
rom  deterioration  is  entirely  different  from  that  employed  in  the 
development  of  new  varieties.  The  breeder  of  new  varieties  seeks 
tor  exceptional  individuals  and  prefers  those  that  are  unlike  any 
variety  previously  known.  If  the  selection  is  being  carried  on  to 
preserve  a variety,  the  object  is  not  to  secure  seed  from  the  peculiar 
plants,  but  to  reject  all  that  deviate  from  the  characters  of  the  vari- 
ety. The  first  qualification  for  such  selection  is  a familiarity  with 
the  habits  of  growth  and  other  characters  of  the  variety,  to 'enable 
the  farmer  or  breeder  to  confine  his  selection  to  the  plants  that  adhere 
to  the  form  ' or  “ type  ” of  the  variety  and  to  reject  all  that  vary 
from  the  type.  Most  of  the  latter  would  prove  to  be  very  inferior 
and  at  the  same  time  would  increase  the  diversity  of  the  variety  and 
hasten  its  degeneration. 

IMPROVED  METHODS  OF  FIELD  SELECTION. 


Xo  matter  how  good  a new  variety  may  be  or  how  carefully  it  may 
have  been  bred  and  selected,  inferior  plants  are  likely  to  appear 
especially  when  it  is  grown  under  new  and  unaccustomed  conditions’ 
A special  effort  is  being  made  to  limit  the  distribution  to  seed  from 
uniform  fields  of  cotton,  but  selection  is  necessary  to  keep  any  variety 
rom  deterioration,  and  it  is  inadvisable  to  wait  until  the  deteriora- 
tion becomes  serious  before  beginning  the  selection.  If  proper  atten- 
tion be  paid  to  the  roguing  out  of  inferior  plants  in  the  first  season 
there  may  be  much  less  variation  in  the  second,  the  variety  becoming 
better  adjusted  to  the  new  conditions. 


‘V;S  ™iformijy  is  one  of  the  first  essentials  of  value  in  a variety, 
the  behavior  of  a new  variety  in  this  respect  is  one  of  the  first  thino-s  - 
to  be  noted.  Do  not  wait  till  the  crop  matures,  but  watch  the  plants 
m the  early  part  of  the  season.  Even  before  the  time  of  flowering 
it  is  possible  to  distinguish  “freak”  plants  by  differences  in  their 
habits  of  growth  or  the  characters  of  their  stems  and  leaves  When- 
ever such  variations  can  be  detected  they  should  be  pulled  out  at  once 
m order  to  prevent  the  crossing  of  the  good  plants  with  inferior 
po  len.  After  the  bolls  begin  to  reach  mature  size  it  is  well  to  go 
through  the  plat  again  and  pull  out  all  plants  that  show  by  the  small 
size  or  other  peculiarities  of  the  bolls  that  there  had  been  a variation 
fiom  the  standards  of  the  variety.  These  preliminary  selections 
greatly  simplify  the  final  selection  in  the  fall,  when  attention  can  be 
amited  to  the  yield  and  to  the  characters  of  the  lint  and  seeds.1 


1 Methods  of  selection  are  treated  in  greater  detail  in  Circular  Nr>  » 

Plant  Industry,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  entitled  “ Cntt™  « , « Bureau  of 
by  the  Characters  of  the  Stalks  Leaves  and  Rnii*  - C?tto°  Selection  on  the  Farm 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  U S Department  nf  \ \ if  * &IS°  Bulletln  No-  159  of  the 
of  Cotton  Varieties.”  * * ' partment  of  Agriculture,  entitled  “ Local  Adjustment 


6 


Department  Circular  151,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

USE  OF  PROGENY  ROWS  IN  SELECTION. 


Selection  can  be  made  still  more  efficient  by  the  use  of  progeny 
rows.  The  seed  of  select  individual  plants  is  picked  separately  into 
paper  bags  and  planted  the  next  season  in  adjacent  rows,  in  order 
to  test  the  behavior  of  the  progenies  of  the  different  individuals.  An 
inferior  progeny  can  be  rejected  as  a whole  and  selection  limited  to 
the  best  rows.  It  often  happens  that  a very  good  plant  produces  a 
comparatively  inferior  progeny,  which  would  not  be  excluded  from 
the  stock  unless  the  progeny-row  test  were  made. 

Nevertheless  the  use  of  progeny  rows  is  no  substitute  for  skill  and 
care  in  making  the  selection,  for  if  the  selected  plants  are  not  all  of 
the  true  type  of  the  variety  'admixture  by  cross-pollination  will 
occur  in  the  progeny  rows  the  same  as  in  a mixed  planting.  Pro- 
tection against  the  danger  of  crossing  between  different  progenies 
can  be  secured  by  holding  over  a part  of  the  seed  of  the  select  indi- 
viduals used  to  plant  the  progeny  rows.  The  remainder  of  the  seed 
that  produced  the  best  progeny  row  can  be  planted  in  an  isolated 
breeding  plat  in  the  year  following  the  progeny  test.  In  this  way 
a special  strain  is  developed  from  a single  superior  plant. 

METHODS  OF  TESTING  COTTON  VARIETIES. 

The  best  way  to  test  the  behavior  of  two  varieties  of  cotton  is  to 
plant  them  in  alternate  rows,  so  that  they  can  be  compared  carefully 
during  the  growing  season  and  the  yield  of  each  row  weighed  sepa- 
rately at  the  end  of  the  season.  Of  course  it  is  often  possible  to 
judge  that  one  variety  is  superior  to  another  without  weighing,  but 
if  the  results  are  nearly  equal  weighing  is  necessary.  Even  experi- 
enced cotton  men  are  likely  to  make  errors  in  guessing  at  the  yields 
of  different  rows  of  the  field.  A variety  that  “ scatters  ” its  lint  may 
appear  to  be  yielding  much  more  than  a stormproof  variety  with 
dense,  compact  lint  that  can  be  shown  to  be  much  more  productive 
by  comparison  of  actual  weights  of  seed  cotton  and  percentages  of 
lint.1  The  lint  values  are  also  to  be  compared,  especially  in  long- 
staple  varieties. 

ADMIXTURE  OF  SEED  IN  GINS.2 


One  of  the  most  serious  difficulties  in  maintaining  the  uniformity 
of  a superior  variety  of  cotton  is  the  mixture  of  seed  in  gins.  A fev 


1 See  Circular  No."Tl  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  entitled  “ Danger  in  Judging 
Cotton  Varieties  by  Lint  Percentages,”  which  may  be  had  from  the  Superintendent  of 
Documents,  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  5 cents  a copy.  See  also 
Bulletin  No.  644,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  entitled  “ Dint  Percentage  and  Lint 

Index  of  Cotton  and  Methods  of  Determination.”  . 

2 por  a complete,  discussion  of  the  admixture  of  seed  in  gins,  see  Bulletin  288  of  the 
IT  S Department  of  Agriculture,  entitled  “ Custom  Ginning  as  a Factor  in  Cotton-Seed 
Deterioration.”  which  may  be  obtained  from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  5 cents  a copy. 


7 


Distribution  of  Cotton  Seed  in  i921. 

farmers  have  their  own  gins  or  small  hand  gins  for  their  seed  cotton, 
and  in  some  localities  ginning  establishments  are  beginning  to  pro- 
vide small  gins  that  are  kept  clean  for  ginning  seed  cotton.  Some 
farmers  take  care  to  avoid  the  mixture  of  seed  by  holding  their  seed 
cotton  until  the  end  of  the  season,  when  the  time  can  be  taken  to 
clean  out  the  gin.  It  is  also  possible  to  plant  progeny  rows  or  seed 
plats  with  unginned  seed  by  wetting  the  lint  before  planting  or  by 
pressing  the  seed  into  moist  ground. 


O.  F.  Cook, 
Bionomist  m Charge, 


VARIETIES  DISTRIBUTED. 


LONE  STAR. 

The  Lone  Star  variety  belongs  to  the  Texas  big-boll  type  and  was 
bred  in  Texas  by  Dr.  D.  A.  Saunders,  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Indus- 
try. It  was  developed  from  a single  superior  plant  found  in  a field 
of  Jackson  cotton  in  the  Colorado  River  bottom  near  Smithville,  Tex., 
in  August,  1905. 

In  1908  plats  of  this  selection  large  enough  to  give  a fair  test  of 
yield  and  lint  qualities  under  field  conditions  were  planted  at  Waco, 
Denison,  and  Cuero,  Tex.  The  yield,  percentage,  and  quality  of  lint 
were  better  than  in  any  other  variety  with  which  it  was  compared, 
and  this  superiority  has  been  retained  in  subsequent  seasons. 

The  following  is  a technical  description  of  this  variety : 

Plant  *of  medium  height  with  one  to  four  limbs  and  many  long  fruiting 
branches;  main  stem  very  short  jointed  and  less  hairy  than  most  of  the  big- 
bolled  varieties;  the  limbs  ascending,  generally  producing  fruiting  branches  at 
their  base ; fruiting  branches  numerous,  horizontal  or  ascending,  long,  medium- 
short  jointed;  leaves  medium  to  large,  very  dark  green;  petioles  very  long, 
somewhat  drooping  or  recurved ; bolls  very  large,  round  or  broadly  ovate,  to 
If  inches  in  diameter,  If  to  2 inches  in  length,  with  very  short,  blunt  points, 
35  to  45  to  the  pound;  involucral  bracts  very  large,  closely  appressed,  coarse 
veined,  deeply  cut  into  long  teeth,  the  longest  teeth  often  meeting  over  the  end 
of  fully  developed  green  bolls;  pedicels  of  medium  length,  1|  inches  in  length 
below  to  three-fourths  of  an  inch  at  the  top  of  the  main  stem  and  the  extreme 
ends  of  the  primary  and  fruiting  branches ; the  bur  thick  and  heavy,  with  very 
blunt  points;  lint  1 inch  to  1$  inches  in  length,  very  strong,  and  of  uniform 
length  of  fiber,  38  to  40  per  cent. 

In  this  variety  the  limbs  begin  to  develop  fruiting  branches  4 to  T 
inches  from  their  bases  instead  of  near  their  extremities.  1 his  ap- 
pears to  be  an  advantage  under  weevil  conditions,  as  in  years  of  heavy 
infestation  the  bulk  of  the  crop  must  be  obtained  from  the  lower 
third  of  the  plant.  In  selection,  considerable  stress  has  been  laid 
upon  the  short-jointed  character  of  the  main  stem  as  essential  in 
deA^eloping  an  early-fruiting  tendency.  The  habits  of  growth  are 
similar  to  those  of  the  well-known  Triumph  cotton,  and  under  some 
conditions  the  two  varieties  appear  almost  indistinguishable ; but  in 
other  places  obvious  differences  appear,  and  these  are  in  favor  of  the 
Lone  Star.  The  plants  are  less  inclined  to  become  prostrate,  the  bolls 
are  larger,  and  the  lint  longer  and  more  abundant.  Very  large  yields 
have  been  reported — more  than  two  bales  per  acre  on  measured  areas. 
Under  favorable  conditions  the  fiber  attains  lg  inches  in  length. 


8 


Distribution  of  Cotton  Seed  in  1921. 


9 


Man}'  bales  of  this  cotton  have  been  sold  at  a premium.  The  Lone 
Star  is  undoubtedly  the  best  variety  now  available  for  general  plant- 
ing in  the  Texas  black-land  belt  and  adjacent  regions.  The  variety 
is  being  grown  extensively  in  Texas,  Oklahoma,  and  Arkansas. 

The  seed  for  this  distribution  was  grown  for  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Christian,  Manchester,  N.  C.,  and  Dr.  D.  A. 
Saunders,  Greenville,  Tex. 

TRICE. 

The  Trice  cotton  is  an  early-maturing  short-staple  variety  de- 
veloped by  the  late  Prof.  S.  M.  Bain,  of  this  Tennessee  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station,  a collaborator  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry. 
It  is  the  result  of  four  years’  selection  from  an  early  variety  found  on 
the  farm  of  Mr.  Luke  Trice,  near  Henderson,  Chester  County,  Tenn. 
The  original  variety  is  said  to  have  come  from  southern  Missouri  and 
is  known  locally  in  Chester  County  as  Big-Boll  Cluster.  In  the 
work  of  selection  particular  attention  was  given  to  earliness,  produc- 
tiveness, form  of  stalk,  and  large  bolls,  the  crops  being  produced  on 
the  farm  of  Mr.  W.  N.  McFadden,  in  Fayette  County,  Tenn.  A 
trial  made  alongside  the  original  variety  in  1908  showed  a distinct 
improvement  in  all  the  qualities  sought  in  the  selection,  as  well  as 
greater  uniformity. 

Though  developed  with  special  reference  to  the  light,  sandy  soils 
of  western  Tennessee,  the  variety  has  given  excellent  returns  in  other 
districts.  The  most  active  demand  for  the  seed  has  come  from 
northern  Mississippi,  where  the  invasion  of  the  boll  weevil  has  led  to 
the  planting  of  earlier  varieties;  but  the  variety  has  also  proved 
valuable  in  other  districts  not  yet  invaded  by  weevils,  for  it  is  dis- 
tinctly superior  to  King  and  other  varieties  prized  for  extreme 
earliness. 

The  Trice  cotton  is  thus  described: 

Plant  rather  small,  2 to  5 feet  high,  of  Peterkin  type,  rarely  with  distinct  basal 
branches,  very  prolific ; fruiting  branches  numerous,  short  jointed ; leaves  light 
green,  of  medium  size,  hirsute ; bolls  medium  to  large,  ovate,  often  angular,  4 to 
5 locked;  seed  large,  with  dense  whitish  or  brownish  fuzz;  lint  fine,  seven- 
eighths  to  1 inch  long ; percentage  of  lint,  28  to  38 ; season  early. 

This  variety  having  been  developed  from  a cluster  type,  this  char- 
acter is  liable  to  reappear.  The  percentage  of  reversion  apparently  is 
greater  under  more  adverse  soil  conditions.  In  maintaining  the 
variety,  cluster  plants  should  be  removed  from  the  field  as  early  as 
possible. 

The  seed  now  distributed  was  grown  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Bridger,  Bells, 
Tenn. 


10  Department  Circular  151,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture . 


COLUMBIA. 

The  Columbia  cotton  is  an  early  long-staple  variety,  well  adapted 
to  South  Carolina  and  adjacent  States.  It  was  derived  from  a short- 
staple  variety,  the  Russell  Big  Boll.  The  first  selection  was  made  in 
1902  at  Columbia,  S.  C.,  by  Br.  H.  J.  Webber,  formerly  in  charge  of 
the  cotton-breeding  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  and  re- 
sulted in  the  finding  of  a single  long-linted  plant  that  gave  a superior 
progeny  in  1903.  Throughout  the  process  of  selection  the  aim  was 
to  select  plants  having  the  Russell  type  of  branching  and  boll,  so 
that  the  plant  of  the  Columbia  is  scarcely  recognizable  as  distinct 
from  the  Russell  variety.  The  very  large  boll  has  also  been  retained, 
and  the  variety  is  in  every  respect  of  true  Upland  type  aside  from  the 
length  of  lint  and  the  color  of  the  fuzz. 

The  Russell  variety  produces  a large  seed  covered  with  dark-green 
fuzz.  This  character  is  very  undesirable,  owing  to  the  discoloration 
of  the  lint  if  ginned  while  somewhat  wet  by  the  pulling  off  of  the 
green  fuzz  and  also  owing  to  the  green  color  giving  undesirable 
linters.  In  breeding  this  variety  by  selection,  therefore,  special  at- 
tention has  been  given  to  selecting  a white  seed.  The  great  majority 
of  the  plants  of  the  Columbia  variety  now  produce  white  seed,  but 
this  character  has  not  as  yet  been  entirely  fixed  and  some  green  seed 
continues  to  be  produced.  There  is  also  a tendency  to  produce  occa- 
sional plants  with  greenish  lint.  These  should  be  rejected  in  pick- 
ing, as  the  lint  is  worthless  and  produces  an  undesirable  discoloration 
in  the  bale.  The  proportion  of  green  seeds  is  much  larger  in  some 
seasons  than  in  others,  owing  to  some  influence  of  external  conditions 
not  yet  understood. 

The  following  is  a technical  description  of  this  variety : 

Plant  low,  compact,  of  Russell  type,  having  several  long,  branching  basal 
limbs,  vigorous,  prolific ; bolls  large  to  very  large,  ovate,  short  pointed,  opening 
well,  mainly  5 locked ; seeds  large,  fuzzy,  white  or  greenish,  8 to  10  per  lock ; 
lint  very  strong,  from  11  to  It’s  inches  in  length,  fine,  silky,  and  very  uniform  iu 
length ; percentage  of  lint,  29  to  33 ; season  early  in  comparison  with  the  older 
long-staple  varieties. 

As  a result  of  continued  high  prices  for  long-staple  Upland  cotton, 
Columbia  cotton  is  being  quite  extensively  planted  in  South  Carolina 
and  adjacent  States. 

The  Columbia  cotton  is  increasing  rapidly  in  popularity  and  in 
some  neighborhoods  has  become  the  dominant  variety.  Growers 
accessible  to  long-staple  markets  usually  secure  a premium  of  5 
cents  or  more  above  corresponding  grades  of  short-staple  cotton. 
Contrary  to  the  general  impression  that  long-staple  varieties  are 
unproductive,  the  Columbia  cotton  often  outyields  short-staple  va- 
rieties grown  under  the  same  conditions.  The  danger  now  is  that 
failure  to  keep  the  seed  pure  will  result  in  the  production  of  large 


Distribution  of  Cotton  Seed  in  1921. 


11 


quantities  of  uneven  fiber  that  will  injure  the  reputation  of  the 
variety.  Hence  the  importance  of  continued  distribution  of  select 
seed.  It  is  also  important  that  communities  undertaking  to  produce 
long-staple  cotton  should  provide  themselves  with  facilities  for  main- 
taining the  uniformity  of  select  varieties. 

In  order  to  secure  a premium,  especially  for  long  staple,  it  is 
necessary  to  pick  the  cotton  with  care,  not  only  to  exclude  leaves 
and  other  “ trash  ” but  to  avoid  immature  and  weather-stained  bolls. 
It  is  also  necessary  that  the  cotton  be  dry  before  ginning. 

In  some  localities  it  is  believed  that  the  Columbia  cotton  suffers 
more  than  the  other  varieties  from  the  rotting  of  the  bolls  through 
attacks  of  anthracnose  or  from  other  causes.  These  dangers  are 
increased  when  conditions  favor  such  luxuriant  development  of 
foliage  that  the  bolls  are  kept  moist  by  heavy  shade.  The  planting 
of  Columbia  cotton  in  Texas  is  not  advised,  though  excellent  results 
are-  reported  from  some  localities  in  the  coast  belt.  The  good  quali- 
ties of  the  variety  are  not  retained  under  the  more  extreme  conditions 
that  are  often  encountered  in  the  drier  regions  of  the  Southwest. 

The  seed  for  this  distribution  was  grown  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Carpenter, 
Easley,  S.  C. 

DURANGO. 

The  Durango  is  a new  type  of  Upland  long-staple  cotton,  intro- 
duced and  acclimatized  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  It  has 
been  derived  from  a Mexican  stock,  supposed  to  have  come  from  the 
State  of  Durango.  The  seeds  used  for  the  first  planting  were  taken 
from  a few  bolls  obtained  by  Mr.  F.  L.  Lewton  from  an  exhibit  made 
by  the  Mexican  Government  at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition.  After 
several  years  of  acclimatization  and  selection  in  southern  Texas  a 
superior  strain  was  separated,  from  which  the  present  Durango 
variety  has  been  developed. 

The  results  of  numerous  experiments  justify  the  recommendation 
of  Durango  cotton  as  an  early  productive  variety  adapted  to  a wide 
range  of  conditions  in  the  United  States.  It  has  given  better  results 
than  other  long-staple  varieties  in  the  irrigated  regions  of  the  South- 
western States,  as  well  as  in  Upland  districts  of  the  Southeastern 
States.  In  experiments  as  far  north  as  Norfolk,  Va.,  yields  have 
been  secured  comparing  favorably  with  King  and  other  early-matur- 
ing short-staple  varieties.  In  the  Imperial  Valley  of  California 
the  Durango  cotton  has  outyielded  the  short-staple  varieties,  as  well 
as  producing  lint  of  much  higher  value.  It  is  grown  in  several  of 
the  irrigated  southwestern  valleys. 

In  earliness  the  Durango  cotton  is  distinctly  superior  to  the  Co- 
lumbia, which  is  an  advantage  in  vreevil-infested  regions  or  where 
the  season  is  short. 


12  Department  Circular  151,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 


The  lint  is  of  excellent  quality  and  attains  a length  of  1J  inches 
under  favorable  conditions.  The  bales  of  Durango  cotton  thus  far 
produced  have  been  sold  at  from  2 to  10  cents  a pound  above  the 
prevailing  market  prices  of  short-staple  cotton,  premiums  of  5 or  6 
cents  being  the  rule. 

The  following  is  a short  technical  description  of  this  variety : 

Plant  of  upright  habit,  with  a strong  central  stalk  and  rather  stiff,  ascending 
vegetative  branches.  Fruiting  branches  of  moderate  length  or  rather  short, 
under  some  conditions  becoming  semiclustered.  Foliage  rather  deep  green,  red- 
dening rather  early  in  the  season.  Leaves  of  medium  size,  usually  with  five  or 
seven  rather  narrow  tapering  lobes,  leaves  with  three  lobes  being  less  frequent 
than  in  most  other  varieties  of  Upland  cotton.  Involucral  bracts  rather  small, 
triangular,  cordate,  margined  with  rather  short  teeth.  Calyx  lobes  rather  irreg- 
ular in  length,  sometimes  very  long  and  slender.  Bolls  of  medium  or  rather 
large  size;  under  favorable  conditions  about  60  to  the  pound.  Shape  of  bolls, 
conic  oval,  with  rather  smooth  surface,  the  oil  glands  deeply  buried.  The  pro- 
portion of  5-locked  bolls  varies  usually  from  40  to  50  per  cent.  Seeds  of  medium 
size,  covered  with  white  fuzz  and  bearing  abundant  even  lint  about  1£  inches 
long  under  favorable  conditions.  Lint  percentage,  32  to  34. 

More  complete  accounts  of  the  characters  and  habits  of  the  Du- 
rango cotton  in  comparison  with  those  of  other  varieties  are  to  be 
found  in  several  of  the  publications  of  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture.1 

The  seed  for  this  distribution  was  grown  by  Mr.  W.  E.  Hotchkiss, 
Courtland,  Ala. 

MEADE. 

The  Meade  is  an  Upland  variety  of  long-staple  cotton.  The 
present  stock  has  been  developed  from  a few  exceptionally  desirable 
plants  that  were  discovered  in  1912  by  Mr.  Rowland  M.  Meade,  of 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  in  a field  near  Clarksville,  Tex.  It 
has  not  been  possible  to  trace  definitely  the  origin  of  the  parent  stock. 
The  local  information  indicated  that  it  had  been  brought  from 
Arkansas  several  years  before  and  was  not  grown  extensively  in 
Texas.  It  was  called  rather  indiscriminately  “ Black  Rattler,”  or 
“ Blackseed,”  but  does  not  correspond  with  descriptions  of  either  of 
the  varieties  known  by  those  names  in  other  districts.  Mr.  Meade 
was  the  first  to  appreciate  the  possibilities  of  breeding  a superior  type 
from  this  stock,  and  the  work  was  well  under  way  at  the  time  of  his 
death  in  June,  1916.  The  variety  has  been  named  Meade  in  his  honor. 

As  now  grown  in  the  Southeastern  States,  the  Meade  variety  has 
lint  averaging  If  inches  in  length.  The  fibers  are  exceptionally  uni- 
form, with  little  or  no  tendency  to  shortened  lint  at  the  base  of  the 

1 See  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  Bulletin  No.  220, 
entitled  “ Relation  of  Drought  to  Weervil  Resistance  in  Cotton,”  and  Farmers’  Bulletin  501, 
entitled  “ Cotton  Improvement  under  Weevil  Conditions.” 


Distribution  of  Cotton  Seed  in  1921. 


13 


seeds.  The  seeds  are  large  and  brownish  black,  being  only  slightly 
tufted  with  white  fuzz  at  either  end.  Under  boll- weevil  conditions 
in  Georgia  the  Meade  has  given  excellent  results,  yielding  three  to 
four  times  as  much  as  the  Sea  Island  cotton  when  planted  in  alter- 
nate blocks  so  that  careful  comparisons  could  be  made.  The  lint  has 
been  received  on  the  Sea  Island  markets  of  Georgia  in  competition 
with  Sea  Island  cotton  with  very  favorable  comments.  Several  bales 
of  the  Meade  were  sold  in  Savannah  in  1917  at  a premium  of  half  a 
cent  above  the  current  price  of  Sea  Island  cotton. 

The  Meade  differs  from  other  Upland  long-staple  varieties  in  its 
very  close  resemblance  to  Sea  Island  fiber  of  the  character  that  has 
been  produced  in  Georgia  and  Florida  and  in  the  fact  that  its  smooth 
seeds  adapt  it  for  ginning  on  the  roller  or  44  long-staple  ” gin,  so  that 
no  radical  changes  are  required  in  the  substitution  of  the  Meade  for 
Sea  Island  cotton.  The  work  of  selection  to  maintain  the  purity  and 
uniformity  of  the  stock  is  being  continued  in  cooperation  with  sev- 
eral communities  in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina. 

The  following  is  a description  of  the  variety  : 

Plant  erect,  of  average  height  with  regular  internodes  of  medium  length  on 
both  the  main  stalk  and  on  the  vegetative  branches.  Internodes  of  the  fruiting 
branches  rather  long,  with  little  tendency  to  take  the  shortened  “ cluster  ” form. 
Leaves  of  medium  size  and  rather  thin  texture,  not  deeply  cut,  a larger  propor- 
tion with  only  three  lobes  than  in  most  varieties.  Involucral  bracts  of  medium 
size,  not  exceeding  the  bolls,  with  10  slender  teeth.  Bolls  medium  size  with 
a thin  bur,  opening  readily  even  under  humid  conditions.  Seeds  large,  about 
3,000  to  the  pound,  nearly  naked  after  the  lint  is  removed,  brownish  black, 
slightly  tufted  at  either  end.  Lint  I§  to  111  inches  in  length,  uniform,  with  good 
luster,  slightly  heavier  bodied  than  Sea  Island  cotton,  scarcely  distinguishable 
from  Sea  Island  when  properly  ginned.  Lint  percentage,  26 ; lint  index,  5.5. 

In  a comparison  of  alternate  blocks  of  Meade  and  Sea  Island  cotton 
grown  near  Valdosta,  Ga.,  in  the  season  of  1917,  the  Meade  was  picked 
two  weeks  in  advance  of  the  Sea  Island  and  yielded  almost  twice  as 
much,  230  pounds  as  compared  with  117  pounds.  Picking  is  easier 
because  the  Meade  bolls  are  about  twice  as  large  as  the  Sea  Island. 
Ten  Flocked  bolls  of  the  Meade  variety  yielded  65.7  grams  of  seed 
cotton  compared  with  35.7  grams  from  ten  Flocked  bolls  of  Sea 
Island,  but  75  per  cent  of  the  Sea  Island  bolls  have  only  three  locks. 
The  Meade  has  75  per  cent  of  Flocked  and  25  per  cent  of  5-locked 
bolls.  On  account  of  the  larger  size  of  the  seeds  the  lint  percentage  is 
lower  in  the  Meade  than  in  Sea  Island  cotton — at  Valdosta  . 26.8  per- 
cent for  the  Meade  and  30.7  for  Sea  Island.  This  is  at  the  rate  of 
1,365  pounds  of  seed  to  a 500-pound  bale  of  Meade,  compared  to  1,111 
pounds  of  seed  from  a 500-pound  bale  of  Sea  Island  cotton.  The  oil 
content  of  the  Meade  seed  is  unusually  high,  about  24  per  cent  having 
been  reported.  Both  varieties  yielded  fiber  of  the  same  length,  If 
inches. 


14  Department  Circular  151,  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

In  order  to  be  a successful  competitor  with  Sea  Island  cotton  on 
the  Sea  Island  markets  it  is  necessary  that  the  Meade  cotton  be  har- 
vested and  ginned  in  the  same  manner  and  with  care  equal  to  that 
with  which  Sea  Island  is  usually  handled.  The  fact  that  the  plants 
have  the  same  general  appearance  and  behavior  as  short-staple  Up- 
land varieties  affords  no  justification  for  careless  handling  of  the 
fiber. 

AC/ LA. 

This  variety,  like  Durango,  has  been  developed  from  imported  seed 
and  represents  a new  form  of  Upland  cotton  previously  unknown  in 
the  United  States.  The  original  stock  was  obtained  by  Messrs.  Gr. 
N.  Collins  and  C.  B.  Doyle,  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  at 
Acala,  in  the  State  of  Chiapas,  in  southern  Mexico,  in  December, 
1906,  as  th  result  of  an  expedition  sent  out  for  this  purpose,  the 
existence  of  a native  big-boll  type  of  cotton  in  southern  Mexico 
having  been  discovered  during  a previous  expedition  conducted  bv 
Mr.  O.  F.  Cook. 

The  preliminary  work  of  acclimatizing  and  selecting  desirable 
strains  from  the  Acala  stock  was  carried  on  chiefly  in  southern  Texas 
in  the  years  between  1907  and  1911.  In  1911  the  variety  was  planted 
for  the  first  time  on  a field  basis  at  Waco,  Tex.  During  the  last  six 
years  it  has  given  very  satisfactory  results  in  several  localities  in 
Texas,  Oklahoma,  and  western  Tennessee.  It  has  attracted  very 
favorable  attention  in  Oklahoma  as  a large-boiled  cotton  earlier  than 
Lone  Star  or  Triumph,  producing  a similar  abundance  of  lint  with  a 
somewhat  longer  staple. 

The  present  strain,  adapted  to  northern  conditions,  is  from  a 
selection  of  20  plants  made  by  Dr.  D.  A.  Saunders  from  the  original 
field  grown  at  Waco  in  1911. 

The  variety  may  be  described  technically  as  follows: 

Plant  of  medium  height,  with  strong,  erect  main  stem.  Wood  limbs  or  pri- 
mary branches  few,  erect  or  ascending.  Fruiting  branches  short  jointed,  zigzag, 
the  lower  branches  long,  becoming  very  short  above,  giving  the  plant  a semiclus- 
tered  appearance.  Leaves  of  medium  size,  dark  green,  those  of  the  main  stalk 
usually  with  five  lobes,  on  the  fruiting  branches  three  lobes;  the  lobes  long  and 
very  sharp  pointed,  resembling  those  of  the  Durango.  Bolls  medium  size— 11 
inches  or  longer — ovate  or  ovate-oblong  with  a rather  short  blunt  point ; 50  to 
60  to  the  pound.  Involucral  bracts  rather  small  for  an  American  variety,  rarely- 
reaching  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  mature  bolls ; teeth  long  and  narrow 
and  somewhat  scythe  shaped,  often  interlacing  over  the  buds.  Pedicels  of 
medium  length — 11  inches — burs  often  pendent,  of  medium  thickness,  storm- 
proof, opening  wide.  Lint  ItV  to  1^  inches,  usually  11  full,  with  good  drag  and 
extra  strong;  clear  white  without  creamy  tint.  Percentage  of  lint,  32  to  35. 

In  the  shape  of  the  plant,  the  type  of  boll,  and  especially  in  the 
quality  of  the  lint,  Acala  is  distinct  from  all  other  varieties  and  is 
one  of  the  most  striking  sorts  thus  far  introduced.  It  meets  a dis- 


Distribution  of  Cotton  Seed  in  1921. 


15 


tinct  agricultural  need  in  maturing  somewhat  earlier  than  Lone 
Star  or  other  big-boll  cottons.  On  this  account  it  promises  to  be 
rapidly  extended  in  cultivation  in  parts  of  northern  Texas  and  Okla- 
homa. It  is  already  well  known  in  some  communities,  and  local 
cooperators  and  breeders  are  finding  a ready  sale  for  the  seed,  some- 
times calling  it  “ Kelly.”  Its  earliness  in  these  sections  makes  it 
especially  adapted  to  the  bottom  lands,  where  cotton  tends  to  grow 
rank  and  be  late  in  maturing,  and  on  the  more  northern  highlands 
where  frost  shortens  the  growing  season.  It  is  particularly  noted 
also  for  the  good  drag  and  the  extra  strength  of  its  fiber.  In  the 
long-staple  market  Acala  brings  a premium  of  $7.50  to  $12  a bale. 

The  seed  for  this  distribution  was  obtained  from  Mr.  Ferris  D. 
Watson,  Waxahachie,  Tex. 


REPORT  OF  RESULTS  OF  PLANTING. 

Inclosed  with  the  quart  package  of  cotton  seed  sent  for  the  pre- 
liminary trial  will  be  found  a yellow  return  card  showing  the  variety 
of  the  seed  sent,  which  is  to  be  returned  to  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture in  case  the  grower  is  willing  to  cooperate  in  testing  the  com- 
parative value  of  this  variety.  To  those  returning  this  yellow  card, 
a blank  form  will  be  sent  in  the  fail  of  1921  for  use  in  giving  a de- 
tailed report  of  the  results  obtained,  including  the  following  items  : 

(1)  Character  of  the  soil. 

(2)  Character  of  the  season. 

(3)  Whether  the  seed  of  the  new  variety  was  isolated  or  planted  with  a local 
variety  for  comparison. 

(4)  Name  of  local  variety  used  for  comparison. 

(5)  Size  and  yield  of  row  or  plat  for  the  new  variety. 

(6)  Yield  of  equal  row  or  plat  of  the  local  variety. 

(7)  Rating  of  the  new  variety  for  your  section— whether  excellent,  good,  fair, 

or  poor.  * 

(8)  A sample  of  seed  cotton  representing  ten  5-locked  bolLs,  the  seed  cotton 
from  each  boll  to  be  picked  carefully  and  wrapped  separately  in  a small  piece 
of  paper. 

Should  the  report  of  the  preliminary  test  prove  to  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  that  the  variety  is  desirable  for  the  grower’s  condi- 
tions and  if  a 10-boll  sample  of  the  seed  cotton  is  submitted  in 
accordance  with  instructions,  he  will  be  permitted  to  share  in  the 
special  distribution  of  half-bushel  lots  of  seed  of  the  same  variety  the 
following  season. 

In  order  to  take  advantage  of  this  special  distribution  it  will  be 
necessary  for  the  grower  to  keep  careful  notes  of  the  behavior  of  the 
plants  grown  from  the  quart  package  of  seed,  so  that  a complete 
report  can  be  made  on  the  blank  which  will  be  sent  for  that  purpose. 

The  sample  bolls  are  to  be  used  for  determining  the  length,  quality, 
and  percentage  of  lint.  This  information,  together  with  the  detailed 
report,  will  enable  the  cotton  experts  of  the  Department  to  decide 
whether  the  variety  is  promising  under  the  grower’s  conditions  and 
will  aid  in  assigning  the  distribution  of  the  larger  lots  of  seeds  to 
such  communities  only  as  are  likely  to  adopt  the  new  varieties  and 
establish  them  in  regular  cultivation. 

The  samples  should  be  accompanied  by  the  name  and  address  of 
the  grower,  as  well  as  the  name  of  the  variety  grown.  In  previous 
years  it  has  been  necessary  to  discard  many  samples  because  they 
were  not  marked  and  there  was  no  way  to  identify  them. 

16 


WASHINGTON’  : GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  : 1920 


